source: wikiformatting.md@ ef1c1c7

WikiFormatting

Table of Contents
Index
Installation
Customization
Plugins
Upgrading
Configuration
Administration
Backup
Logging
Permissions
The Wiki
Wiki Formatting
Timeline
Repository Browser
Revision Log
Changesets
Tickets
Workflow
Roadmap
Ticket Queries
Batch Modify
Reports
RSS Support
Notification

Wiki markup is a core feature in Trac, tightly integrating all the other parts of Trac into a flexible and unified whole.

Trac has a powerful wiki rendering engine that implements a subset of the commands from other popular Wikis, such as ​MoinMoin and ​WikiCreole.

The sections below provide an overview for the most common syntax, each link in the Category column leads you to the more detailed explanation later in this page.

The following wiki pages present the advanced features of the Trac wiki markup in more depth:

TracLinks covers all the possible ways to refer to any Trac resource or parts thereof.
WikiPageNames covers the various names a wiki page can take, whether in CamelCase or not.
WikiMacros lists the macros available for generating dynamic content.
WikiProcessors and WikiHtml details how parts of the wiki text can be processed in special ways.
​AdvancedWikiOperations provides some operations in uncommon or administrative scenarios.
Common wiki markup
Category        Wiki Markup     Display
Font Styles

'''bold''', ''italic'', '''''Wikipedia style'''''       bold, italic, Wikipedia style
**bold**, //italic//, **//!WikiCreole style//** bold, italic, WikiCreole style
`monospaced (''other markup ignored'')` monospaced (''other markup ignored'')
Headings        
== Level 2
=== Level 3 ^([#hn note])^
Level 2
Level 3 (note)
Paragraphs      
First paragraph
on multiple lines.

Second paragraph.
First paragraph on multiple lines.

Second paragraph.

Lists   
* bullet list
  on multiple lines
  1. nested list
    a. different numbering
       styles
bullet list on multiple lines
nested list
different numbering styles
Definition Lists

 term:: definition on
        multiple lines
term
definition on multiple lines
Preformatted Text       
{{{
multiple lines, ''no wiki'',
      white space respected
}}}
multiple lines, ''no wiki'',
      white space respected
Blockquotes     
  if there's some leading
  space the text is quoted
if there's some leading space the text is quoted

Discussion Citations    
>> ... (I said)
> (he replied)
… (I said)

(he replied)

Tables  
||= Table Header =|| Cell ||
||||  (details below)  ||
Table Header    Cell
(details below)
Links

https://trac.edgewall.org       ​https://trac.edgewall.org
WikiFormatting (CamelCase)      WikiFormatting (CamelCase)
TracLinks

wiki:WikiFormatting, wiki:"WikiFormatting"      wiki:WikiFormatting, wiki:"WikiFormatting"
#1 (ticket), [1] (changeset), {1} (report)      #1 (ticket), [1] (changeset), {1} (report)
ticket:1, ticket:1#comment:1, comment:1:ticket:1        ticket:1, ticket:1#comment:1, comment:1:ticket:1
Ticket [ticket:1], [ticket:1 ticket one]        Ticket 1, ticket one
Ticket [[ticket:1]], [[ticket:1|ticket one]]    Ticket 1, ticket one
Setting Anchors

[=#point1 (1)] First... (1) First…
see [#point1 (1)]       see (1)
Escaping Markup

!'' doubled quotes      '' doubled quotes
!wiki:WikiFormatting, !WikiFormatting   wiki:WikiFormatting, WikiFormatting
`{{{-}}}` triple curly brackets {{{-}}} triple curly brackets
Images  [[Image(link)]] trac_logo_mini.png
Macros

[[MacroList(*)]]        (short list of all available macros)
[[Image?]]      (help for the Image macro)
Processors      
{{{#!div style="font-size: 80%"
Code highlighting:
  {{{#!python
  hello = lambda: "world"
  }}}
}}}
Code highlighting:

hello = lambda: "world"
Comments        
{{{#!comment
Note to Editors: ...
}}}
(comment is shown in edit mode only)
Miscellaneous   
Line [[br]] break
Line \\ break
----
Line
break Line
break

Font Styles
The Trac wiki supports the following font styles:

Wiki Markup     Display
 * '''bold''',
   ''' triple quotes !'''
   can be bold too if prefixed by ! ''',
 * ''italic''
 * '''''bold italic''''' or ''italic and
   ''' italic bold ''' ''
 * __underline__
 * {{{monospace}}} or `monospace`
   (hence `{{{` or {{{`}}} quoting)
 * ~~strike-through~~
 * ^superscript^
 * ,,subscript,,
 * **also bold**, //italic as well//,
   and **'' bold italic **'' //(since 0.12)//
 * [[span(style=color: #FF0000, a red text )]]
bold, triple quotes ''' can be bold too if prefixed by ! ,
italic
bold italic or italic and italic bold
underline
monospace or monospace (hence {{{ or ` quoting)
strike-through
superscript
subscript
also bold, italic as well, and bold italic (since 0.12)
a red text
Notes:

{{{...}}} and `...` commands not only select a monospace font, but also treat their content as verbatim text, meaning that no further wiki processing is done on this text.
 !  tells wiki parser to not take the following characters as wiki format, so pay attention to put a space after !, e.g. when ending bold.
all the font styles marks have to be used in opening/closing pairs, and they must nest properly; in particular, an '' italic can't be paired with a // one, and ''' can't be paired with **.
Headings
You can create a heading by starting a line with one up to six equal characters (=) followed by a single space and the headline text.

 The headline text can be followed by the same number of = characters, but this is not mandatory. That is, === Section3 === is identical to === Section3.

Finally, the heading might optionally be followed by an explicit id. If not, an implicit but nevertheless readable id will be generated.

Wiki Markup     Display
= Heading =
== Subheading
=== About ''this'' ===
=== Explicit id === #using-explicit-id-in-heading
== Subheading #sub2
Heading
Subheading
About this
Explicit id
Subheading
Paragraphs
A new text paragraph is created whenever two blocks of text are separated by one or more empty lines.

A forced line break can also be inserted, using:

Wiki Markup     Display
Line 1[[BR]]Line 2
Paragraph
one

Paragraph
two
Line 1
Line 2

Paragraph one

Paragraph two

Lists
The wiki supports both ordered/numbered and unordered lists.

Wiki Markup     Display
 * Item 1
   * Item 1.1
      * Item 1.1.1
      * Item 1.1.2
      * Item 1.1.3
   * Item 1.2
 * Item 2
- items can start at the beginning of a line
  and they can span multiple lines
  - be careful though to continue the line
  with the appropriate indentation, otherwise
that will start a new paragraph...

 1. Item 1
   a. Item 1.a
   a. Item 1.b
      i. Item 1.b.i
      i. Item 1.b.ii
 1. Item 2
And numbered lists can also be restarted
with an explicit number:
 3. Item 3
Item 1
Item 1.1
Item 1.1.1
Item 1.1.2
Item 1.1.3
Item 1.2
Item 2
items can start at the beginning of a line and they can span multiple lines
be careful though to continue the line with the appropriate indentation, otherwise
that will start a new paragraph…

Item 1
Item 1.a
Item 1.b
Item 1.b.i
Item 1.b.ii
Item 2
And numbered lists can also be restarted with an explicit number:

Item 3
Definition Lists
The wiki also supports definition lists.

Wiki Markup     Display
 llama::
   some kind of mammal, with hair
 ppython::
   some kind of reptile, without hair
   (can you spot the typo?)
llama
some kind of mammal, with hair
ppython
some kind of reptile, without hair (can you spot the typo?)
Note that you need a space in front of the defined term.

Preformatted Text
Block containing preformatted text are suitable for source code snippets, notes and examples. Use three curly braces wrapped around the text to define a block quote. The curly braces need to be on a separate line.

Wiki Markup     Display
{{{
def HelloWorld():
    print '''Hello World'''
}}}
def HelloWorld():
    print '''Hello World'''
Note that this kind of block is also used for selecting lines that should be processed through WikiProcessors.

Blockquotes
In order to mark a paragraph as blockquote, indent that paragraph with two spaces.

Wiki Markup     Display
Paragraph
  This text is a quote from someone else.
Paragraph

This text is a quote from someone else.

Discussion Citations
To delineate a citation in an ongoing discussion thread, such as the ticket comment area, email-like citation marks (>, >>, etc.) may be used.

Wiki Markup     Display
>> Someone's original text
> Someone else's reply text
>  - which can be any kind of Wiki markup
My reply text
Someone's original text

Someone else's reply text

which can be any kind of Wiki markup
My reply text

Tables
Simple Tables
Simple tables can be created:

Wiki Markup     Display
||Cell 1||Cell 2||Cell 3||
||Cell 4||Cell 5||Cell 6||
Cell 1  Cell 2  Cell 3
Cell 4  Cell 5  Cell 6
Cell headings can be specified by wrapping the content in a pair of = characters. Note that the = characters have to stick to the cell separators:

Wiki Markup     Display
||        ||= stable =||= latest =||
||= 0.10 =||  0.10.5  || 0.10.6dev||
||= 0.11 =||  0.11.6  || 0.11.7dev||
stable  latest
0.10    0.10.5  0.10.6dev
0.11    0.11.6  0.11.7dev
Finally, specifying an empty cell means that the next non empty cell will span the empty cells:

Wiki Markup     Display
|| 1 || 2 || 3 ||
|||| 1-2 || 3 ||
|| 1 |||| 2-3 ||
|||||| 1-2-3 ||
1       2       3
1-2     3
1       2-3
1-2-3
Note that if the content of a cell sticks to one side of the cell and only one, then the text will be aligned on that side:

Wiki Markup     Display
||=Text =||= Numbers =||
||left align    ||        1.0||
||  center      ||        4.5||
||      right align||     4.5||
|| default alignment ||   2.5||
||default||         2.5||
||  default ||      2.5||
|| default ||       2.5||
Text    Numbers
left align      1.0
center  4.5
right align     4.5
default alignment       2.5
default 2.5
default 2.5
default 2.5
If contrary to the example above, the cells in your table contain more text, it might be convenient to spread a table row over multiple lines of markup. The \ character placed at the end of a line after a cell separator tells Trac to not start a new row for the cells on the next line:

Wiki Markup
|| this is column 1 [https://trac.edgewall.org/newticket new ticket] || \
|| this is column 2 [https://trac.edgewall.org/roadmap the road ahead] || \
|| that's column 3 and last one ||
Display
this is column 1 ​new ticket    this is column 2 ​the road ahead        that's column 3 and last one
Complex Tables
If the possibilities offered by the simple pipe-based markup (||) for tables described above are not enough for your needs, you can create more elaborate tables by using WikiProcessor based tables.

Links
Hyperlinks are automatically created for WikiPageNames and URLs. WikiPageLinks can be disabled by prepending an exclamation mark (!), such as !WikiPageLink.

Wiki Markup     Display
TitleIndex, https://www.edgewall.com/, !NotAlink
TitleIndex, ​https://www.edgewall.com/, NotAlink

Links can be given a more descriptive title by writing the link followed by a space and a title and all this inside square brackets. If the descriptive title is omitted, then the explicit prefix is discarded, unless the link is an external link. This can be useful for wiki pages not adhering to the WikiPageNames convention.

Wiki Markup     Display
 * [https://www.edgewall.com Edgewall Software]
 * [wiki:TitleIndex Title Index]
 * [wiki:TitleIndex]
 * [wiki:ISO9000]
​Edgewall Software
Title Index
TitleIndex
ISO9000
Following the ​WikiCreole trend, the descriptive title can also be specified by writing the link followed by a pipe (|) and a title and all this inside double square brackets.

 * [[https://www.edgewall.com|Edgewall Software]]
 * [[wiki:TitleIndex|Title Index]]
   or even [[TitleIndex|Title Index]]
 * [[wiki:TitleIndex]]
   ''' but not ![[TitleIndex]]! '''
 * [[ISO9000]]
​Edgewall Software
Title Index or even Title Index
TitleIndex but not [[TitleIndex]]!
ISO9000
Note: the ​WikiCreole style for links is quick to type and certainly looks familiar as it is the one used on Wikipedia and in many other wikis. Unfortunately it conflicts with the syntax for macros. So in the rare case when you need to refer to a page which is named after a macro (typical examples being TitleIndex, InterTrac and InterWiki), by writing [[TitleIndex]] you will actually call the macro instead of linking to the page.

Trac Links
Wiki pages can link directly to other parts of the Trac system. Pages can refer to tickets, reports, changesets, milestones, source files and other Wiki pages using the following notations:

Wiki Markup     Display
 * Tickets: #1 or ticket:1
 * Reports: {1} or report:1
 * Changesets: r1, [1] or changeset:1
 * ...
 * targeting other Trac instances,
   so called InterTrac links:
   - Tickets: #Trac1 or Trac:ticket:1
   - Changesets: [Trac1] or Trac:changeset:1
Tickets: #1 or ticket:1
Reports: {1} or report:1
Changesets: r1, [1] or changeset:1
…
targeting other Trac instances, so called InterTrac links:
Tickets: ​#Trac1 or ​Trac:ticket:1
Changesets: ​[Trac1] or ​Trac:changeset:1
There are many more flavors of Trac links, see TracLinks for more in-depth information and a reference for all the default link resolvers.

Setting Anchors
An anchor, or more correctly speaking, an ​anchor name can be added explicitly at any place in the Wiki page, to uniquely identify a position in the document:

[=#point1]
This syntax was chosen to match the format for explicitly naming the header id documented above:

== Long title == #title
It is also very close to the syntax for the corresponding link to that anchor:

[#point1]
Optionally, a label can be given to the anchor:

[=#point1 '''Point 1''']
Wiki Markup     Display
[#point2 jump to the second point]

...

Point2:  [=#point2] Jump here
jump to the second point

…

Point2:  Jump here

For more complex anchors (eg when a custom title is wanted), you can use the Span macro: [[span(id=point2, class=wikianchor, title=Point 2, ^(2)^)]].

Escaping Links, WikiPageNames and other Markup
You may avoid making hyperlinks out of TracLinks by preceding an expression with a single exclamation mark (!).

Wiki Markup     Display
 !NoHyperLink
 !#42 is not a link
Various forms of escaping for list markup:
 ^^- escaped minus sign \\
 ^^1. escaped number  \\
 ^^* escaped asterisk sign
NoHyperLink #42 is not a link

Various forms of escaping for list markup:

- escaped minus sign
1. escaped number
* escaped asterisk sign

Images
Urls ending with .png, .gif or .jpg are no longer automatically interpreted as image links, and converted to <img> tags.

You now have to use the [[Image]] macro. The simplest way to include an image is to upload it as attachment to the current page, and put the filename in a macro call like [[Image(picture.gif)]].

In addition to the current page, it is possible to refer to other resources:

[[Image(wiki:WikiFormatting:picture.gif)]] (referring to attachment on another page)
[[Image(ticket:1:picture.gif)]] (file attached to a ticket)
[[Image(htdocs:picture.gif)]] (referring to a file inside the environment htdocs directory)
[[Image(source:/trunk/trac/htdocs/trac_logo_mini.png)]] (a file in repository)
Wiki Markup     Display
[[Image(htdocs:../common/trac_logo_mini.png)]]
trac_logo_mini.png

See WikiMacros for further documentation on the [[Image()]] macro, which has several useful options (title=, link=, etc.)

Macros
Macros are custom functions that insert dynamic content in a page.

Wiki Markup     Display
[[RecentChanges(Trac,3)]]

11/04/25
TracWorkflow
TracWiki
TracUpgrade

See WikiMacros for more information, and a list of installed macros.

The detailed help for a specific macro can also be obtained more directly by appending a ? to the macro name.

Wiki Markup     Display
[[MacroList?]]

[[MacroList]]
Display a list of all installed Wiki macros, including documentation if available.

Optionally, the name of a specific macro can be provided as an argument. In that case, only the documentation for that macro will be rendered.

Note that this macro will not be able to display the documentation of macros if the PythonOptimize option is enabled for mod_python!


Processors
Trac supports alternative markup formats using WikiProcessors. For example, processors are used to write pages in reStructuredText or HTML.

Wiki Markup     Display
Example 1: HTML

{{{#!html
<h1 style="text-align: right; color: blue">
 HTML Test
</h1>
}}}
HTML Test
Example 2: Code Highlighting

{{{#!python
class Test:

    def __init__(self):
        print "Hello World"
if __name__ == '__main__':
   Test()
}}}
class Test:
    def __init__(self):
        print "Hello World"
if __name__ == '__main__':
   Test()
Example 3: Complex Tables

{{{#!th rowspan=4 align=justify
With the `#td` and `#th` processors,
table cells can contain any content:
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td
  - lists
  - embedded tables
  - simple multiline content
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td
As processors can be easily nested,
so can be tables:
  {{{#!th
  Example:
  }}}
  {{{#!td style="background: #eef"
  || must be at the third level now... ||
  }}}
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td
Even when you don't have complex markup,
this form of table cells can be convenient
to write content on multiple lines.
}}}
With the #td and #th processors, table cells can contain any content:

lists
embedded tables
simple multiline content
As processors can be easily nested, so can be tables:

Example:

must be at the third level now…
Even when you don't have complex markup, this form of table cells can be convenient to write content on multiple lines.

See WikiProcessors for more information.

Comments
Comments can be added to the plain text. These will not be rendered and will not display in any other format than plain text.

Wiki Markup     Display
Nothing to
{{{#!comment
Your comment for editors here
}}}
see.
Nothing to

see.

Miscellaneous
Wiki Markup     Display
Horizontal line:

Four or more dashes will be replaced
by a horizontal line (<HR>)
----
See?
Four or more dashes will be replaced by a horizontal line (<HR>)

See?

Two examples of line breaks:

"macro" style [[BR]] line break
or:

!WikiCreole style \\ line\\break
"macro" style
line break

WikiCreole style
line
break