| 249 | | {{{R ∈ 1NF}}}: The universal relation R is in 1NF because all attributes contain atomic values and there are no repeating groups. |
| | 249 | The universal relation R satisfies First Normal Form (1NF) because every attribute contains a single, atomic value for each tuple. None of the attributes contains a set, list, array, or multiple values stored inside a single field. |
| | 250 | |
| | 251 | For example, although a release may be associated with multiple artists, this does not result in several artist values being stored in one attribute. Instead, each association between a release and an artist is represented by a separate tuple through the attributes `release_id` and `artist_id`. The same applies to the relationships between songs and artists, albums and songs, orders and products, wishlists and products, and modifications and products. |
| | 252 | |
| | 253 | Similarly, attributes such as `email`, `username`, `price`, `quantity`, `genre`, `status`, `release_ordinal`, and `song_ordinal` each contain one indivisible value within a tuple. |
| | 254 | |
| | 255 | Therefore, R contains no repeating groups and no non-atomic attributes meaning: |
| | 256 | |
| | 257 | {{{R ∈ 1NF}}} |
| | 258 | |
| | 259 | }}} |
| | 260 | |
| | 261 | == 2NF Decomposition |
| | 262 | |
| | 263 | {{{#!div style="text-align: justify; width: 100%;" |