Index: trip-planner-front/node_modules/angular/angular.js
===================================================================
--- trip-planner-front/node_modules/angular/angular.js	(revision 6a3a178323fd905112b5392bd9d3cb83b66ef2d3)
+++ trip-planner-front/node_modules/angular/angular.js	(revision 6a3a178323fd905112b5392bd9d3cb83b66ef2d3)
@@ -0,0 +1,36600 @@
+/**
+ * @license AngularJS v1.8.2
+ * (c) 2010-2020 Google LLC. http://angularjs.org
+ * License: MIT
+ */
+(function(window) {'use strict';
+
+/* exported
+  minErrConfig,
+  errorHandlingConfig,
+  isValidObjectMaxDepth
+*/
+
+var minErrConfig = {
+  objectMaxDepth: 5,
+  urlErrorParamsEnabled: true
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.errorHandlingConfig
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Configure several aspects of error handling in AngularJS if used as a setter or return the
+ * current configuration if used as a getter. The following options are supported:
+ *
+ * - **objectMaxDepth**: The maximum depth to which objects are traversed when stringified for error messages.
+ *
+ * Omitted or undefined options will leave the corresponding configuration values unchanged.
+ *
+ * @param {Object=} config - The configuration object. May only contain the options that need to be
+ *     updated. Supported keys:
+ *
+ * * `objectMaxDepth`  **{Number}** - The max depth for stringifying objects. Setting to a
+ *   non-positive or non-numeric value, removes the max depth limit.
+ *   Default: 5
+ *
+ * * `urlErrorParamsEnabled`  **{Boolean}** - Specifies whether the generated error url will
+ *   contain the parameters of the thrown error. Disabling the parameters can be useful if the
+ *   generated error url is very long.
+ *
+ *   Default: true. When used without argument, it returns the current value.
+ */
+function errorHandlingConfig(config) {
+  if (isObject(config)) {
+    if (isDefined(config.objectMaxDepth)) {
+      minErrConfig.objectMaxDepth = isValidObjectMaxDepth(config.objectMaxDepth) ? config.objectMaxDepth : NaN;
+    }
+    if (isDefined(config.urlErrorParamsEnabled) && isBoolean(config.urlErrorParamsEnabled)) {
+      minErrConfig.urlErrorParamsEnabled = config.urlErrorParamsEnabled;
+    }
+  } else {
+    return minErrConfig;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ * @param {Number} maxDepth
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+function isValidObjectMaxDepth(maxDepth) {
+  return isNumber(maxDepth) && maxDepth > 0;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @description
+ *
+ * This object provides a utility for producing rich Error messages within
+ * AngularJS. It can be called as follows:
+ *
+ * var exampleMinErr = minErr('example');
+ * throw exampleMinErr('one', 'This {0} is {1}', foo, bar);
+ *
+ * The above creates an instance of minErr in the example namespace. The
+ * resulting error will have a namespaced error code of example.one.  The
+ * resulting error will replace {0} with the value of foo, and {1} with the
+ * value of bar. The object is not restricted in the number of arguments it can
+ * take.
+ *
+ * If fewer arguments are specified than necessary for interpolation, the extra
+ * interpolation markers will be preserved in the final string.
+ *
+ * Since data will be parsed statically during a build step, some restrictions
+ * are applied with respect to how minErr instances are created and called.
+ * Instances should have names of the form namespaceMinErr for a minErr created
+ * using minErr('namespace'). Error codes, namespaces and template strings
+ * should all be static strings, not variables or general expressions.
+ *
+ * @param {string} module The namespace to use for the new minErr instance.
+ * @param {function} ErrorConstructor Custom error constructor to be instantiated when returning
+ *   error from returned function, for cases when a particular type of error is useful.
+ * @returns {function(code:string, template:string, ...templateArgs): Error} minErr instance
+ */
+
+function minErr(module, ErrorConstructor) {
+  ErrorConstructor = ErrorConstructor || Error;
+
+  var url = 'https://errors.angularjs.org/1.8.2/';
+  var regex = url.replace('.', '\\.') + '[\\s\\S]*';
+  var errRegExp = new RegExp(regex, 'g');
+
+  return function() {
+    var code = arguments[0],
+      template = arguments[1],
+      message = '[' + (module ? module + ':' : '') + code + '] ',
+      templateArgs = sliceArgs(arguments, 2).map(function(arg) {
+        return toDebugString(arg, minErrConfig.objectMaxDepth);
+      }),
+      paramPrefix, i;
+
+    // A minErr message has two parts: the message itself and the url that contains the
+    // encoded message.
+    // The message's parameters can contain other error messages which also include error urls.
+    // To prevent the messages from getting too long, we strip the error urls from the parameters.
+
+    message += template.replace(/\{\d+\}/g, function(match) {
+      var index = +match.slice(1, -1);
+
+      if (index < templateArgs.length) {
+        return templateArgs[index].replace(errRegExp, '');
+      }
+
+      return match;
+    });
+
+    message += '\n' + url + (module ? module + '/' : '') + code;
+
+    if (minErrConfig.urlErrorParamsEnabled) {
+      for (i = 0, paramPrefix = '?'; i < templateArgs.length; i++, paramPrefix = '&') {
+        message += paramPrefix + 'p' + i + '=' + encodeURIComponent(templateArgs[i]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return new ErrorConstructor(message);
+  };
+}
+
+/* We need to tell ESLint what variables are being exported */
+/* exported
+  angular,
+  msie,
+  jqLite,
+  jQuery,
+  slice,
+  splice,
+  push,
+  toString,
+  minErrConfig,
+  errorHandlingConfig,
+  isValidObjectMaxDepth,
+  ngMinErr,
+  angularModule,
+  uid,
+  REGEX_STRING_REGEXP,
+  VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY,
+
+  lowercase,
+  uppercase,
+  nodeName_,
+  isArrayLike,
+  forEach,
+  forEachSorted,
+  reverseParams,
+  nextUid,
+  setHashKey,
+  extend,
+  toInt,
+  inherit,
+  merge,
+  noop,
+  identity,
+  valueFn,
+  isUndefined,
+  isDefined,
+  isObject,
+  isBlankObject,
+  isString,
+  isNumber,
+  isNumberNaN,
+  isDate,
+  isError,
+  isArray,
+  isFunction,
+  isRegExp,
+  isWindow,
+  isScope,
+  isFile,
+  isFormData,
+  isBlob,
+  isBoolean,
+  isPromiseLike,
+  trim,
+  escapeForRegexp,
+  isElement,
+  makeMap,
+  includes,
+  arrayRemove,
+  copy,
+  simpleCompare,
+  equals,
+  csp,
+  jq,
+  concat,
+  sliceArgs,
+  bind,
+  toJsonReplacer,
+  toJson,
+  fromJson,
+  convertTimezoneToLocal,
+  timezoneToOffset,
+  addDateMinutes,
+  startingTag,
+  tryDecodeURIComponent,
+  parseKeyValue,
+  toKeyValue,
+  encodeUriSegment,
+  encodeUriQuery,
+  angularInit,
+  bootstrap,
+  getTestability,
+  snake_case,
+  bindJQuery,
+  assertArg,
+  assertArgFn,
+  assertNotHasOwnProperty,
+  getter,
+  getBlockNodes,
+  hasOwnProperty,
+  createMap,
+  stringify,
+  UNSAFE_restoreLegacyJqLiteXHTMLReplacement,
+
+  NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT,
+  NODE_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE,
+  NODE_TYPE_TEXT,
+  NODE_TYPE_COMMENT,
+  NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT,
+  NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT
+*/
+
+////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc module
+ * @name ng
+ * @module ng
+ * @installation
+ * @description
+ *
+ * The ng module is loaded by default when an AngularJS application is started. The module itself
+ * contains the essential components for an AngularJS application to function. The table below
+ * lists a high level breakdown of each of the services/factories, filters, directives and testing
+ * components available within this core module.
+ *
+ */
+
+var REGEX_STRING_REGEXP = /^\/(.+)\/([a-z]*)$/;
+
+// The name of a form control's ValidityState property.
+// This is used so that it's possible for internal tests to create mock ValidityStates.
+var VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY = 'validity';
+
+
+var hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ *
+ * @description Converts the specified string to lowercase.
+ * @param {string} string String to be converted to lowercase.
+ * @returns {string} Lowercased string.
+ */
+var lowercase = function(string) {return isString(string) ? string.toLowerCase() : string;};
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ *
+ * @description Converts the specified string to uppercase.
+ * @param {string} string String to be converted to uppercase.
+ * @returns {string} Uppercased string.
+ */
+var uppercase = function(string) {return isString(string) ? string.toUpperCase() : string;};
+
+
+var
+    msie,             // holds major version number for IE, or NaN if UA is not IE.
+    jqLite,           // delay binding since jQuery could be loaded after us.
+    jQuery,           // delay binding
+    slice             = [].slice,
+    splice            = [].splice,
+    push              = [].push,
+    toString          = Object.prototype.toString,
+    getPrototypeOf    = Object.getPrototypeOf,
+    ngMinErr          = minErr('ng'),
+
+    /** @name angular */
+    angular           = window.angular || (window.angular = {}),
+    angularModule,
+    uid               = 0;
+
+// Support: IE 9-11 only
+/**
+ * documentMode is an IE-only property
+ * http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/cc196988(v=vs.85).aspx
+ */
+msie = window.document.documentMode;
+
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ * @param {*} obj
+ * @return {boolean} Returns true if `obj` is an array or array-like object (NodeList, Arguments,
+ *                   String ...)
+ */
+function isArrayLike(obj) {
+
+  // `null`, `undefined` and `window` are not array-like
+  if (obj == null || isWindow(obj)) return false;
+
+  // arrays, strings and jQuery/jqLite objects are array like
+  // * jqLite is either the jQuery or jqLite constructor function
+  // * we have to check the existence of jqLite first as this method is called
+  //   via the forEach method when constructing the jqLite object in the first place
+  if (isArray(obj) || isString(obj) || (jqLite && obj instanceof jqLite)) return true;
+
+  // Support: iOS 8.2 (not reproducible in simulator)
+  // "length" in obj used to prevent JIT error (gh-11508)
+  var length = 'length' in Object(obj) && obj.length;
+
+  // NodeList objects (with `item` method) and
+  // other objects with suitable length characteristics are array-like
+  return isNumber(length) && (length >= 0 && (length - 1) in obj || typeof obj.item === 'function');
+
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.forEach
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Invokes the `iterator` function once for each item in `obj` collection, which can be either an
+ * object or an array. The `iterator` function is invoked with `iterator(value, key, obj)`, where `value`
+ * is the value of an object property or an array element, `key` is the object property key or
+ * array element index and obj is the `obj` itself. Specifying a `context` for the function is optional.
+ *
+ * It is worth noting that `.forEach` does not iterate over inherited properties because it filters
+ * using the `hasOwnProperty` method.
+ *
+ * Unlike ES262's
+ * [Array.prototype.forEach](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-15.4.4.18),
+ * providing 'undefined' or 'null' values for `obj` will not throw a TypeError, but rather just
+ * return the value provided.
+ *
+   ```js
+     var values = {name: 'misko', gender: 'male'};
+     var log = [];
+     angular.forEach(values, function(value, key) {
+       this.push(key + ': ' + value);
+     }, log);
+     expect(log).toEqual(['name: misko', 'gender: male']);
+   ```
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Array} obj Object to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function} iterator Iterator function.
+ * @param {Object=} context Object to become context (`this`) for the iterator function.
+ * @returns {Object|Array} Reference to `obj`.
+ */
+
+function forEach(obj, iterator, context) {
+  var key, length;
+  if (obj) {
+    if (isFunction(obj)) {
+      for (key in obj) {
+        if (key !== 'prototype' && key !== 'length' && key !== 'name' && obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+          iterator.call(context, obj[key], key, obj);
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (isArray(obj) || isArrayLike(obj)) {
+      var isPrimitive = typeof obj !== 'object';
+      for (key = 0, length = obj.length; key < length; key++) {
+        if (isPrimitive || key in obj) {
+          iterator.call(context, obj[key], key, obj);
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (obj.forEach && obj.forEach !== forEach) {
+        obj.forEach(iterator, context, obj);
+    } else if (isBlankObject(obj)) {
+      // createMap() fast path --- Safe to avoid hasOwnProperty check because prototype chain is empty
+      for (key in obj) {
+        iterator.call(context, obj[key], key, obj);
+      }
+    } else if (typeof obj.hasOwnProperty === 'function') {
+      // Slow path for objects inheriting Object.prototype, hasOwnProperty check needed
+      for (key in obj) {
+        if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+          iterator.call(context, obj[key], key, obj);
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Slow path for objects which do not have a method `hasOwnProperty`
+      for (key in obj) {
+        if (hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key)) {
+          iterator.call(context, obj[key], key, obj);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+function forEachSorted(obj, iterator, context) {
+  var keys = Object.keys(obj).sort();
+  for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+    iterator.call(context, obj[keys[i]], keys[i]);
+  }
+  return keys;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * when using forEach the params are value, key, but it is often useful to have key, value.
+ * @param {function(string, *)} iteratorFn
+ * @returns {function(*, string)}
+ */
+function reverseParams(iteratorFn) {
+  return function(value, key) {iteratorFn(key, value);};
+}
+
+/**
+ * A consistent way of creating unique IDs in angular.
+ *
+ * Using simple numbers allows us to generate 28.6 million unique ids per second for 10 years before
+ * we hit number precision issues in JavaScript.
+ *
+ * Math.pow(2,53) / 60 / 60 / 24 / 365 / 10 = 28.6M
+ *
+ * @returns {number} an unique alpha-numeric string
+ */
+function nextUid() {
+  return ++uid;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Set or clear the hashkey for an object.
+ * @param obj object
+ * @param h the hashkey (!truthy to delete the hashkey)
+ */
+function setHashKey(obj, h) {
+  if (h) {
+    obj.$$hashKey = h;
+  } else {
+    delete obj.$$hashKey;
+  }
+}
+
+
+function baseExtend(dst, objs, deep) {
+  var h = dst.$$hashKey;
+
+  for (var i = 0, ii = objs.length; i < ii; ++i) {
+    var obj = objs[i];
+    if (!isObject(obj) && !isFunction(obj)) continue;
+    var keys = Object.keys(obj);
+    for (var j = 0, jj = keys.length; j < jj; j++) {
+      var key = keys[j];
+      var src = obj[key];
+
+      if (deep && isObject(src)) {
+        if (isDate(src)) {
+          dst[key] = new Date(src.valueOf());
+        } else if (isRegExp(src)) {
+          dst[key] = new RegExp(src);
+        } else if (src.nodeName) {
+          dst[key] = src.cloneNode(true);
+        } else if (isElement(src)) {
+          dst[key] = src.clone();
+        } else {
+          if (key !== '__proto__') {
+            if (!isObject(dst[key])) dst[key] = isArray(src) ? [] : {};
+            baseExtend(dst[key], [src], true);
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        dst[key] = src;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  setHashKey(dst, h);
+  return dst;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.extend
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Extends the destination object `dst` by copying own enumerable properties from the `src` object(s)
+ * to `dst`. You can specify multiple `src` objects. If you want to preserve original objects, you can do so
+ * by passing an empty object as the target: `var object = angular.extend({}, object1, object2)`.
+ *
+ * **Note:** Keep in mind that `angular.extend` does not support recursive merge (deep copy). Use
+ * {@link angular.merge} for this.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} dst Destination object.
+ * @param {...Object} src Source object(s).
+ * @returns {Object} Reference to `dst`.
+ */
+function extend(dst) {
+  return baseExtend(dst, slice.call(arguments, 1), false);
+}
+
+
+/**
+* @ngdoc function
+* @name angular.merge
+* @module ng
+* @kind function
+*
+* @description
+* Deeply extends the destination object `dst` by copying own enumerable properties from the `src` object(s)
+* to `dst`. You can specify multiple `src` objects. If you want to preserve original objects, you can do so
+* by passing an empty object as the target: `var object = angular.merge({}, object1, object2)`.
+*
+* Unlike {@link angular.extend extend()}, `merge()` recursively descends into object properties of source
+* objects, performing a deep copy.
+*
+* @deprecated
+* sinceVersion="1.6.5"
+* This function is deprecated, but will not be removed in the 1.x lifecycle.
+* There are edge cases (see {@link angular.merge#known-issues known issues}) that are not
+* supported by this function. We suggest using another, similar library for all-purpose merging,
+* such as [lodash's merge()](https://lodash.com/docs/4.17.4#merge).
+*
+* @knownIssue
+* This is a list of (known) object types that are not handled correctly by this function:
+* - [`Blob`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/Blob)
+* - [`MediaStream`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/MediaStream)
+* - [`CanvasGradient`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/CanvasGradient)
+* - AngularJS {@link $rootScope.Scope scopes};
+*
+* `angular.merge` also does not support merging objects with circular references.
+*
+* @param {Object} dst Destination object.
+* @param {...Object} src Source object(s).
+* @returns {Object} Reference to `dst`.
+*/
+function merge(dst) {
+  return baseExtend(dst, slice.call(arguments, 1), true);
+}
+
+
+
+function toInt(str) {
+  return parseInt(str, 10);
+}
+
+var isNumberNaN = Number.isNaN || function isNumberNaN(num) {
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+  return num !== num;
+};
+
+
+function inherit(parent, extra) {
+  return extend(Object.create(parent), extra);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.noop
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A function that performs no operations. This function can be useful when writing code in the
+ * functional style.
+   ```js
+     function foo(callback) {
+       var result = calculateResult();
+       (callback || angular.noop)(result);
+     }
+   ```
+ */
+function noop() {}
+noop.$inject = [];
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.identity
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A function that returns its first argument. This function is useful when writing code in the
+ * functional style.
+ *
+   ```js
+   function transformer(transformationFn, value) {
+     return (transformationFn || angular.identity)(value);
+   };
+
+   // E.g.
+   function getResult(fn, input) {
+     return (fn || angular.identity)(input);
+   };
+
+   getResult(function(n) { return n * 2; }, 21);   // returns 42
+   getResult(null, 21);                            // returns 21
+   getResult(undefined, 21);                       // returns 21
+   ```
+ *
+ * @param {*} value to be returned.
+ * @returns {*} the value passed in.
+ */
+function identity($) {return $;}
+identity.$inject = [];
+
+
+function valueFn(value) {return function valueRef() {return value;};}
+
+function hasCustomToString(obj) {
+  return isFunction(obj.toString) && obj.toString !== toString;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isUndefined
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is undefined.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is undefined.
+ */
+function isUndefined(value) {return typeof value === 'undefined';}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isDefined
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is defined.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is defined.
+ */
+function isDefined(value) {return typeof value !== 'undefined';}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isObject
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is an `Object`. Unlike `typeof` in JavaScript, `null`s are not
+ * considered to be objects. Note that JavaScript arrays are objects.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is an `Object` but not `null`.
+ */
+function isObject(value) {
+  // http://jsperf.com/isobject4
+  return value !== null && typeof value === 'object';
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Determine if a value is an object with a null prototype
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is an `Object` with a null prototype
+ */
+function isBlankObject(value) {
+  return value !== null && typeof value === 'object' && !getPrototypeOf(value);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isString
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is a `String`.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `String`.
+ */
+function isString(value) {return typeof value === 'string';}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isNumber
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is a `Number`.
+ *
+ * This includes the "special" numbers `NaN`, `+Infinity` and `-Infinity`.
+ *
+ * If you wish to exclude these then you can use the native
+ * [`isFinite'](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/isFinite)
+ * method.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `Number`.
+ */
+function isNumber(value) {return typeof value === 'number';}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isDate
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a value is a date.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `Date`.
+ */
+function isDate(value) {
+  return toString.call(value) === '[object Date]';
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isArray
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is an `Array`.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is an `Array`.
+ */
+function isArray(arr) {
+  return Array.isArray(arr) || arr instanceof Array;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is an `Error`.
+ * Loosely based on https://www.npmjs.com/package/iserror
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is an `Error`.
+ */
+function isError(value) {
+  var tag = toString.call(value);
+  switch (tag) {
+    case '[object Error]': return true;
+    case '[object Exception]': return true;
+    case '[object DOMException]': return true;
+    default: return value instanceof Error;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isFunction
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is a `Function`.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `Function`.
+ */
+function isFunction(value) {return typeof value === 'function';}
+
+
+/**
+ * Determines if a value is a regular expression object.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `RegExp`.
+ */
+function isRegExp(value) {
+  return toString.call(value) === '[object RegExp]';
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `obj` is a window object.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {*} obj Object to check
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `obj` is a window obj.
+ */
+function isWindow(obj) {
+  return obj && obj.window === obj;
+}
+
+
+function isScope(obj) {
+  return obj && obj.$evalAsync && obj.$watch;
+}
+
+
+function isFile(obj) {
+  return toString.call(obj) === '[object File]';
+}
+
+
+function isFormData(obj) {
+  return toString.call(obj) === '[object FormData]';
+}
+
+
+function isBlob(obj) {
+  return toString.call(obj) === '[object Blob]';
+}
+
+
+function isBoolean(value) {
+  return typeof value === 'boolean';
+}
+
+
+function isPromiseLike(obj) {
+  return obj && isFunction(obj.then);
+}
+
+
+var TYPED_ARRAY_REGEXP = /^\[object (?:Uint8|Uint8Clamped|Uint16|Uint32|Int8|Int16|Int32|Float32|Float64)Array]$/;
+function isTypedArray(value) {
+  return value && isNumber(value.length) && TYPED_ARRAY_REGEXP.test(toString.call(value));
+}
+
+function isArrayBuffer(obj) {
+  return toString.call(obj) === '[object ArrayBuffer]';
+}
+
+
+var trim = function(value) {
+  return isString(value) ? value.trim() : value;
+};
+
+// Copied from:
+// http://docs.closure-library.googlecode.com/git/local_closure_goog_string_string.js.source.html#line1021
+// Prereq: s is a string.
+var escapeForRegexp = function(s) {
+  return s
+    .replace(/([-()[\]{}+?*.$^|,:#<!\\])/g, '\\$1')
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-control-regex
+    .replace(/\x08/g, '\\x08');
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isElement
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is a DOM element (or wrapped jQuery element).
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a DOM element (or wrapped jQuery element).
+ */
+function isElement(node) {
+  return !!(node &&
+    (node.nodeName  // We are a direct element.
+    || (node.prop && node.attr && node.find)));  // We have an on and find method part of jQuery API.
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param str 'key1,key2,...'
+ * @returns {object} in the form of {key1:true, key2:true, ...}
+ */
+function makeMap(str) {
+  var obj = {}, items = str.split(','), i;
+  for (i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
+    obj[items[i]] = true;
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+
+function nodeName_(element) {
+  return lowercase(element.nodeName || (element[0] && element[0].nodeName));
+}
+
+function includes(array, obj) {
+  return Array.prototype.indexOf.call(array, obj) !== -1;
+}
+
+function arrayRemove(array, value) {
+  var index = array.indexOf(value);
+  if (index >= 0) {
+    array.splice(index, 1);
+  }
+  return index;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.copy
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Creates a deep copy of `source`, which should be an object or an array. This functions is used
+ * internally, mostly in the change-detection code. It is not intended as an all-purpose copy
+ * function, and has several limitations (see below).
+ *
+ * * If no destination is supplied, a copy of the object or array is created.
+ * * If a destination is provided, all of its elements (for arrays) or properties (for objects)
+ *   are deleted and then all elements/properties from the source are copied to it.
+ * * If `source` is not an object or array (inc. `null` and `undefined`), `source` is returned.
+ * * If `source` is identical to `destination` an exception will be thrown.
+ *
+ * <br />
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ *   Only enumerable properties are taken into account. Non-enumerable properties (both on `source`
+ *   and on `destination`) will be ignored.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ *   `angular.copy` does not check if destination and source are of the same type. It's the
+ *   developer's responsibility to make sure they are compatible.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @knownIssue
+ * This is a non-exhaustive list of object types / features that are not handled correctly by
+ * `angular.copy`. Note that since this functions is used by the change detection code, this
+ * means binding or watching objects of these types (or that include these types) might not work
+ * correctly.
+ * - [`File`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/File)
+ * - [`Map`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Map)
+ * - [`ImageData`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/ImageData)
+ * - [`MediaStream`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/MediaStream)
+ * - [`Set`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Set)
+ * - [`WeakMap`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/WeakMap)
+ * - [`getter`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/get)/
+ *   [`setter`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/set)
+ *
+ * @param {*} source The source that will be used to make a copy. Can be any type, including
+ *     primitives, `null`, and `undefined`.
+ * @param {(Object|Array)=} destination Destination into which the source is copied. If provided,
+ *     must be of the same type as `source`.
+ * @returns {*} The copy or updated `destination`, if `destination` was specified.
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example module="copyExample" name="angular-copy">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+        <form novalidate class="simple-form">
+          <label>Name: <input type="text" ng-model="user.name" /></label><br />
+          <label>Age:  <input type="number" ng-model="user.age" /></label><br />
+          Gender: <label><input type="radio" ng-model="user.gender" value="male" />male</label>
+                  <label><input type="radio" ng-model="user.gender" value="female" />female</label><br />
+          <button ng-click="reset()">RESET</button>
+          <button ng-click="update(user)">SAVE</button>
+        </form>
+        <pre>form = {{user | json}}</pre>
+        <pre>leader = {{leader | json}}</pre>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="script.js">
+      // Module: copyExample
+      angular.
+        module('copyExample', []).
+        controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.leader = {};
+
+          $scope.reset = function() {
+            // Example with 1 argument
+            $scope.user = angular.copy($scope.leader);
+          };
+
+          $scope.update = function(user) {
+            // Example with 2 arguments
+            angular.copy(user, $scope.leader);
+          };
+
+          $scope.reset();
+        }]);
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+function copy(source, destination, maxDepth) {
+  var stackSource = [];
+  var stackDest = [];
+  maxDepth = isValidObjectMaxDepth(maxDepth) ? maxDepth : NaN;
+
+  if (destination) {
+    if (isTypedArray(destination) || isArrayBuffer(destination)) {
+      throw ngMinErr('cpta', 'Can\'t copy! TypedArray destination cannot be mutated.');
+    }
+    if (source === destination) {
+      throw ngMinErr('cpi', 'Can\'t copy! Source and destination are identical.');
+    }
+
+    // Empty the destination object
+    if (isArray(destination)) {
+      destination.length = 0;
+    } else {
+      forEach(destination, function(value, key) {
+        if (key !== '$$hashKey') {
+          delete destination[key];
+        }
+      });
+    }
+
+    stackSource.push(source);
+    stackDest.push(destination);
+    return copyRecurse(source, destination, maxDepth);
+  }
+
+  return copyElement(source, maxDepth);
+
+  function copyRecurse(source, destination, maxDepth) {
+    maxDepth--;
+    if (maxDepth < 0) {
+      return '...';
+    }
+    var h = destination.$$hashKey;
+    var key;
+    if (isArray(source)) {
+      for (var i = 0, ii = source.length; i < ii; i++) {
+        destination.push(copyElement(source[i], maxDepth));
+      }
+    } else if (isBlankObject(source)) {
+      // createMap() fast path --- Safe to avoid hasOwnProperty check because prototype chain is empty
+      for (key in source) {
+        destination[key] = copyElement(source[key], maxDepth);
+      }
+    } else if (source && typeof source.hasOwnProperty === 'function') {
+      // Slow path, which must rely on hasOwnProperty
+      for (key in source) {
+        if (source.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+          destination[key] = copyElement(source[key], maxDepth);
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Slowest path --- hasOwnProperty can't be called as a method
+      for (key in source) {
+        if (hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {
+          destination[key] = copyElement(source[key], maxDepth);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    setHashKey(destination, h);
+    return destination;
+  }
+
+  function copyElement(source, maxDepth) {
+    // Simple values
+    if (!isObject(source)) {
+      return source;
+    }
+
+    // Already copied values
+    var index = stackSource.indexOf(source);
+    if (index !== -1) {
+      return stackDest[index];
+    }
+
+    if (isWindow(source) || isScope(source)) {
+      throw ngMinErr('cpws',
+        'Can\'t copy! Making copies of Window or Scope instances is not supported.');
+    }
+
+    var needsRecurse = false;
+    var destination = copyType(source);
+
+    if (destination === undefined) {
+      destination = isArray(source) ? [] : Object.create(getPrototypeOf(source));
+      needsRecurse = true;
+    }
+
+    stackSource.push(source);
+    stackDest.push(destination);
+
+    return needsRecurse
+      ? copyRecurse(source, destination, maxDepth)
+      : destination;
+  }
+
+  function copyType(source) {
+    switch (toString.call(source)) {
+      case '[object Int8Array]':
+      case '[object Int16Array]':
+      case '[object Int32Array]':
+      case '[object Float32Array]':
+      case '[object Float64Array]':
+      case '[object Uint8Array]':
+      case '[object Uint8ClampedArray]':
+      case '[object Uint16Array]':
+      case '[object Uint32Array]':
+        return new source.constructor(copyElement(source.buffer), source.byteOffset, source.length);
+
+      case '[object ArrayBuffer]':
+        // Support: IE10
+        if (!source.slice) {
+          // If we're in this case we know the environment supports ArrayBuffer
+          /* eslint-disable no-undef */
+          var copied = new ArrayBuffer(source.byteLength);
+          new Uint8Array(copied).set(new Uint8Array(source));
+          /* eslint-enable */
+          return copied;
+        }
+        return source.slice(0);
+
+      case '[object Boolean]':
+      case '[object Number]':
+      case '[object String]':
+      case '[object Date]':
+        return new source.constructor(source.valueOf());
+
+      case '[object RegExp]':
+        var re = new RegExp(source.source, source.toString().match(/[^/]*$/)[0]);
+        re.lastIndex = source.lastIndex;
+        return re;
+
+      case '[object Blob]':
+        return new source.constructor([source], {type: source.type});
+    }
+
+    if (isFunction(source.cloneNode)) {
+      return source.cloneNode(true);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+// eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+function simpleCompare(a, b) { return a === b || (a !== a && b !== b); }
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.equals
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if two objects or two values are equivalent. Supports value types, regular
+ * expressions, arrays and objects.
+ *
+ * Two objects or values are considered equivalent if at least one of the following is true:
+ *
+ * * Both objects or values pass `===` comparison.
+ * * Both objects or values are of the same type and all of their properties are equal by
+ *   comparing them with `angular.equals`.
+ * * Both values are NaN. (In JavaScript, NaN == NaN => false. But we consider two NaN as equal)
+ * * Both values represent the same regular expression (In JavaScript,
+ *   /abc/ == /abc/ => false. But we consider two regular expressions as equal when their textual
+ *   representation matches).
+ *
+ * During a property comparison, properties of `function` type and properties with names
+ * that begin with `$` are ignored.
+ *
+ * Scope and DOMWindow objects are being compared only by identify (`===`).
+ *
+ * @param {*} o1 Object or value to compare.
+ * @param {*} o2 Object or value to compare.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if arguments are equal.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="equalsExample" name="equalsExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+        <form novalidate>
+          <h3>User 1</h3>
+          Name: <input type="text" ng-model="user1.name">
+          Age: <input type="number" ng-model="user1.age">
+
+          <h3>User 2</h3>
+          Name: <input type="text" ng-model="user2.name">
+          Age: <input type="number" ng-model="user2.age">
+
+          <div>
+            <br/>
+            <input type="button" value="Compare" ng-click="compare()">
+          </div>
+          User 1: <pre>{{user1 | json}}</pre>
+          User 2: <pre>{{user2 | json}}</pre>
+          Equal: <pre>{{result}}</pre>
+        </form>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="script.js">
+        angular.module('equalsExample', []).controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.user1 = {};
+          $scope.user2 = {};
+          $scope.compare = function() {
+            $scope.result = angular.equals($scope.user1, $scope.user2);
+          };
+        }]);
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+function equals(o1, o2) {
+  if (o1 === o2) return true;
+  if (o1 === null || o2 === null) return false;
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+  if (o1 !== o1 && o2 !== o2) return true; // NaN === NaN
+  var t1 = typeof o1, t2 = typeof o2, length, key, keySet;
+  if (t1 === t2 && t1 === 'object') {
+    if (isArray(o1)) {
+      if (!isArray(o2)) return false;
+      if ((length = o1.length) === o2.length) {
+        for (key = 0; key < length; key++) {
+          if (!equals(o1[key], o2[key])) return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+      }
+    } else if (isDate(o1)) {
+      if (!isDate(o2)) return false;
+      return simpleCompare(o1.getTime(), o2.getTime());
+    } else if (isRegExp(o1)) {
+      if (!isRegExp(o2)) return false;
+      return o1.toString() === o2.toString();
+    } else {
+      if (isScope(o1) || isScope(o2) || isWindow(o1) || isWindow(o2) ||
+        isArray(o2) || isDate(o2) || isRegExp(o2)) return false;
+      keySet = createMap();
+      for (key in o1) {
+        if (key.charAt(0) === '$' || isFunction(o1[key])) continue;
+        if (!equals(o1[key], o2[key])) return false;
+        keySet[key] = true;
+      }
+      for (key in o2) {
+        if (!(key in keySet) &&
+            key.charAt(0) !== '$' &&
+            isDefined(o2[key]) &&
+            !isFunction(o2[key])) return false;
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+var csp = function() {
+  if (!isDefined(csp.rules)) {
+
+
+    var ngCspElement = (window.document.querySelector('[ng-csp]') ||
+                    window.document.querySelector('[data-ng-csp]'));
+
+    if (ngCspElement) {
+      var ngCspAttribute = ngCspElement.getAttribute('ng-csp') ||
+                    ngCspElement.getAttribute('data-ng-csp');
+      csp.rules = {
+        noUnsafeEval: !ngCspAttribute || (ngCspAttribute.indexOf('no-unsafe-eval') !== -1),
+        noInlineStyle: !ngCspAttribute || (ngCspAttribute.indexOf('no-inline-style') !== -1)
+      };
+    } else {
+      csp.rules = {
+        noUnsafeEval: noUnsafeEval(),
+        noInlineStyle: false
+      };
+    }
+  }
+
+  return csp.rules;
+
+  function noUnsafeEval() {
+    try {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-new, no-new-func
+      new Function('');
+      return false;
+    } catch (e) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @module ng
+ * @name ngJq
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {string=} ngJq the name of the library available under `window`
+ * to be used for angular.element
+ * @description
+ * Use this directive to force the angular.element library.  This should be
+ * used to force either jqLite by leaving ng-jq blank or setting the name of
+ * the jquery variable under window (eg. jQuery).
+ *
+ * Since AngularJS looks for this directive when it is loaded (doesn't wait for the
+ * DOMContentLoaded event), it must be placed on an element that comes before the script
+ * which loads angular. Also, only the first instance of `ng-jq` will be used and all
+ * others ignored.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * This example shows how to force jqLite using the `ngJq` directive to the `html` tag.
+ ```html
+ <!doctype html>
+ <html ng-app ng-jq>
+ ...
+ ...
+ </html>
+ ```
+ * @example
+ * This example shows how to use a jQuery based library of a different name.
+ * The library name must be available at the top most 'window'.
+ ```html
+ <!doctype html>
+ <html ng-app ng-jq="jQueryLib">
+ ...
+ ...
+ </html>
+ ```
+ */
+var jq = function() {
+  if (isDefined(jq.name_)) return jq.name_;
+  var el;
+  var i, ii = ngAttrPrefixes.length, prefix, name;
+  for (i = 0; i < ii; ++i) {
+    prefix = ngAttrPrefixes[i];
+    el = window.document.querySelector('[' + prefix.replace(':', '\\:') + 'jq]');
+    if (el) {
+      name = el.getAttribute(prefix + 'jq');
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (jq.name_ = name);
+};
+
+function concat(array1, array2, index) {
+  return array1.concat(slice.call(array2, index));
+}
+
+function sliceArgs(args, startIndex) {
+  return slice.call(args, startIndex || 0);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.bind
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Returns a function which calls function `fn` bound to `self` (`self` becomes the `this` for
+ * `fn`). You can supply optional `args` that are prebound to the function. This feature is also
+ * known as [partial application](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_application), as
+ * distinguished from [function currying](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currying#Contrast_with_partial_function_application).
+ *
+ * @param {Object} self Context which `fn` should be evaluated in.
+ * @param {function()} fn Function to be bound.
+ * @param {...*} args Optional arguments to be prebound to the `fn` function call.
+ * @returns {function()} Function that wraps the `fn` with all the specified bindings.
+ */
+function bind(self, fn) {
+  var curryArgs = arguments.length > 2 ? sliceArgs(arguments, 2) : [];
+  if (isFunction(fn) && !(fn instanceof RegExp)) {
+    return curryArgs.length
+      ? function() {
+          return arguments.length
+            ? fn.apply(self, concat(curryArgs, arguments, 0))
+            : fn.apply(self, curryArgs);
+        }
+      : function() {
+          return arguments.length
+            ? fn.apply(self, arguments)
+            : fn.call(self);
+        };
+  } else {
+    // In IE, native methods are not functions so they cannot be bound (note: they don't need to be).
+    return fn;
+  }
+}
+
+
+function toJsonReplacer(key, value) {
+  var val = value;
+
+  if (typeof key === 'string' && key.charAt(0) === '$' && key.charAt(1) === '$') {
+    val = undefined;
+  } else if (isWindow(value)) {
+    val = '$WINDOW';
+  } else if (value &&  window.document === value) {
+    val = '$DOCUMENT';
+  } else if (isScope(value)) {
+    val = '$SCOPE';
+  }
+
+  return val;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.toJson
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Serializes input into a JSON-formatted string. Properties with leading $$ characters will be
+ * stripped since AngularJS uses this notation internally.
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Array|Date|string|number|boolean} obj Input to be serialized into JSON.
+ * @param {boolean|number} [pretty=2] If set to true, the JSON output will contain newlines and whitespace.
+ *    If set to an integer, the JSON output will contain that many spaces per indentation.
+ * @returns {string|undefined} JSON-ified string representing `obj`.
+ * @knownIssue
+ *
+ * The Safari browser throws a `RangeError` instead of returning `null` when it tries to stringify a `Date`
+ * object with an invalid date value. The only reliable way to prevent this is to monkeypatch the
+ * `Date.prototype.toJSON` method as follows:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * var _DatetoJSON = Date.prototype.toJSON;
+ * Date.prototype.toJSON = function() {
+ *   try {
+ *     return _DatetoJSON.call(this);
+ *   } catch(e) {
+ *     if (e instanceof RangeError) {
+ *       return null;
+ *     }
+ *     throw e;
+ *   }
+ * };
+ * ```
+ *
+ * See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/pull/14221 for more information.
+ */
+function toJson(obj, pretty) {
+  if (isUndefined(obj)) return undefined;
+  if (!isNumber(pretty)) {
+    pretty = pretty ? 2 : null;
+  }
+  return JSON.stringify(obj, toJsonReplacer, pretty);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.fromJson
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Deserializes a JSON string.
+ *
+ * @param {string} json JSON string to deserialize.
+ * @returns {Object|Array|string|number} Deserialized JSON string.
+ */
+function fromJson(json) {
+  return isString(json)
+      ? JSON.parse(json)
+      : json;
+}
+
+
+var ALL_COLONS = /:/g;
+function timezoneToOffset(timezone, fallback) {
+  // Support: IE 9-11 only, Edge 13-15+
+  // IE/Edge do not "understand" colon (`:`) in timezone
+  timezone = timezone.replace(ALL_COLONS, '');
+  var requestedTimezoneOffset = Date.parse('Jan 01, 1970 00:00:00 ' + timezone) / 60000;
+  return isNumberNaN(requestedTimezoneOffset) ? fallback : requestedTimezoneOffset;
+}
+
+
+function addDateMinutes(date, minutes) {
+  date = new Date(date.getTime());
+  date.setMinutes(date.getMinutes() + minutes);
+  return date;
+}
+
+
+function convertTimezoneToLocal(date, timezone, reverse) {
+  reverse = reverse ? -1 : 1;
+  var dateTimezoneOffset = date.getTimezoneOffset();
+  var timezoneOffset = timezoneToOffset(timezone, dateTimezoneOffset);
+  return addDateMinutes(date, reverse * (timezoneOffset - dateTimezoneOffset));
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @returns {string} Returns the string representation of the element.
+ */
+function startingTag(element) {
+  element = jqLite(element).clone().empty();
+  var elemHtml = jqLite('<div></div>').append(element).html();
+  try {
+    return element[0].nodeType === NODE_TYPE_TEXT ? lowercase(elemHtml) :
+        elemHtml.
+          match(/^(<[^>]+>)/)[1].
+          replace(/^<([\w-]+)/, function(match, nodeName) {return '<' + lowercase(nodeName);});
+  } catch (e) {
+    return lowercase(elemHtml);
+  }
+
+}
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**
+ * Tries to decode the URI component without throwing an exception.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param str value potential URI component to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` can be decoded
+ * with the decodeURIComponent function.
+ */
+function tryDecodeURIComponent(value) {
+  try {
+    return decodeURIComponent(value);
+  } catch (e) {
+    // Ignore any invalid uri component.
+  }
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Parses an escaped url query string into key-value pairs.
+ * @returns {Object.<string,boolean|Array>}
+ */
+function parseKeyValue(/**string*/keyValue) {
+  var obj = {};
+  forEach((keyValue || '').split('&'), function(keyValue) {
+    var splitPoint, key, val;
+    if (keyValue) {
+      key = keyValue = keyValue.replace(/\+/g,'%20');
+      splitPoint = keyValue.indexOf('=');
+      if (splitPoint !== -1) {
+        key = keyValue.substring(0, splitPoint);
+        val = keyValue.substring(splitPoint + 1);
+      }
+      key = tryDecodeURIComponent(key);
+      if (isDefined(key)) {
+        val = isDefined(val) ? tryDecodeURIComponent(val) : true;
+        if (!hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key)) {
+          obj[key] = val;
+        } else if (isArray(obj[key])) {
+          obj[key].push(val);
+        } else {
+          obj[key] = [obj[key],val];
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  });
+  return obj;
+}
+
+function toKeyValue(obj) {
+  var parts = [];
+  forEach(obj, function(value, key) {
+    if (isArray(value)) {
+      forEach(value, function(arrayValue) {
+        parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key, true) +
+                   (arrayValue === true ? '' : '=' + encodeUriQuery(arrayValue, true)));
+      });
+    } else {
+    parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key, true) +
+               (value === true ? '' : '=' + encodeUriQuery(value, true)));
+    }
+  });
+  return parts.length ? parts.join('&') : '';
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * We need our custom method because encodeURIComponent is too aggressive and doesn't follow
+ * http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt with regards to the character set (pchar) allowed in path
+ * segments:
+ *    segment       = *pchar
+ *    pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
+ *    pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
+ *    unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
+ *    sub-delims    = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
+ *                     / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
+ */
+function encodeUriSegment(val) {
+  return encodeUriQuery(val, true).
+             replace(/%26/gi, '&').
+             replace(/%3D/gi, '=').
+             replace(/%2B/gi, '+');
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * This method is intended for encoding *key* or *value* parts of query component. We need a custom
+ * method because encodeURIComponent is too aggressive and encodes stuff that doesn't have to be
+ * encoded per http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986:
+ *    query         = *( pchar / "/" / "?" )
+ *    pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
+ *    unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
+ *    pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
+ *    sub-delims    = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
+ *                     / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
+ */
+function encodeUriQuery(val, pctEncodeSpaces) {
+  return encodeURIComponent(val).
+             replace(/%40/gi, '@').
+             replace(/%3A/gi, ':').
+             replace(/%24/g, '$').
+             replace(/%2C/gi, ',').
+             replace(/%3B/gi, ';').
+             replace(/%20/g, (pctEncodeSpaces ? '%20' : '+'));
+}
+
+var ngAttrPrefixes = ['ng-', 'data-ng-', 'ng:', 'x-ng-'];
+
+function getNgAttribute(element, ngAttr) {
+  var attr, i, ii = ngAttrPrefixes.length;
+  for (i = 0; i < ii; ++i) {
+    attr = ngAttrPrefixes[i] + ngAttr;
+    if (isString(attr = element.getAttribute(attr))) {
+      return attr;
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+function allowAutoBootstrap(document) {
+  var script = document.currentScript;
+
+  if (!script) {
+    // Support: IE 9-11 only
+    // IE does not have `document.currentScript`
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // If the `currentScript` property has been clobbered just return false, since this indicates a probable attack
+  if (!(script instanceof window.HTMLScriptElement || script instanceof window.SVGScriptElement)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  var attributes = script.attributes;
+  var srcs = [attributes.getNamedItem('src'), attributes.getNamedItem('href'), attributes.getNamedItem('xlink:href')];
+
+  return srcs.every(function(src) {
+    if (!src) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (!src.value) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    var link = document.createElement('a');
+    link.href = src.value;
+
+    if (document.location.origin === link.origin) {
+      // Same-origin resources are always allowed, even for banned URL schemes.
+      return true;
+    }
+    // Disabled bootstrapping unless angular.js was loaded from a known scheme used on the web.
+    // This is to prevent angular.js bundled with browser extensions from being used to bypass the
+    // content security policy in web pages and other browser extensions.
+    switch (link.protocol) {
+      case 'http:':
+      case 'https:':
+      case 'ftp:':
+      case 'blob:':
+      case 'file:':
+      case 'data:':
+        return true;
+      default:
+        return false;
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+// Cached as it has to run during loading so that document.currentScript is available.
+var isAutoBootstrapAllowed = allowAutoBootstrap(window.document);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngApp
+ * @module ng
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {angular.Module} ngApp an optional application
+ *   {@link angular.module module} name to load.
+ * @param {boolean=} ngStrictDi if this attribute is present on the app element, the injector will be
+ *   created in "strict-di" mode. This means that the application will fail to invoke functions which
+ *   do not use explicit function annotation (and are thus unsuitable for minification), as described
+ *   in {@link guide/di the Dependency Injection guide}, and useful debugging info will assist in
+ *   tracking down the root of these bugs.
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Use this directive to **auto-bootstrap** an AngularJS application. The `ngApp` directive
+ * designates the **root element** of the application and is typically placed near the root element
+ * of the page - e.g. on the `<body>` or `<html>` tags.
+ *
+ * There are a few things to keep in mind when using `ngApp`:
+ * - only one AngularJS application can be auto-bootstrapped per HTML document. The first `ngApp`
+ *   found in the document will be used to define the root element to auto-bootstrap as an
+ *   application. To run multiple applications in an HTML document you must manually bootstrap them using
+ *   {@link angular.bootstrap} instead.
+ * - AngularJS applications cannot be nested within each other.
+ * - Do not use a directive that uses {@link ng.$compile#transclusion transclusion} on the same element as `ngApp`.
+ *   This includes directives such as {@link ng.ngIf `ngIf`}, {@link ng.ngInclude `ngInclude`} and
+ *   {@link ngRoute.ngView `ngView`}.
+ *   Doing this misplaces the app {@link ng.$rootElement `$rootElement`} and the app's {@link auto.$injector injector},
+ *   causing animations to stop working and making the injector inaccessible from outside the app.
+ *
+ * You can specify an **AngularJS module** to be used as the root module for the application.  This
+ * module will be loaded into the {@link auto.$injector} when the application is bootstrapped. It
+ * should contain the application code needed or have dependencies on other modules that will
+ * contain the code. See {@link angular.module} for more information.
+ *
+ * In the example below if the `ngApp` directive were not placed on the `html` element then the
+ * document would not be compiled, the `AppController` would not be instantiated and the `{{ a+b }}`
+ * would not be resolved to `3`.
+ *
+ * @example
+ *
+ * ### Simple Usage
+ *
+ * `ngApp` is the easiest, and most common way to bootstrap an application.
+ *
+ <example module="ngAppDemo" name="ng-app">
+   <file name="index.html">
+   <div ng-controller="ngAppDemoController">
+     I can add: {{a}} + {{b}} =  {{ a+b }}
+   </div>
+   </file>
+   <file name="script.js">
+   angular.module('ngAppDemo', []).controller('ngAppDemoController', function($scope) {
+     $scope.a = 1;
+     $scope.b = 2;
+   });
+   </file>
+ </example>
+ *
+ * @example
+ *
+ * ### With `ngStrictDi`
+ *
+ * Using `ngStrictDi`, you would see something like this:
+ *
+ <example ng-app-included="true" name="strict-di">
+   <file name="index.html">
+   <div ng-app="ngAppStrictDemo" ng-strict-di>
+       <div ng-controller="GoodController1">
+           I can add: {{a}} + {{b}} =  {{ a+b }}
+
+           <p>This renders because the controller does not fail to
+              instantiate, by using explicit annotation style (see
+              script.js for details)
+           </p>
+       </div>
+
+       <div ng-controller="GoodController2">
+           Name: <input ng-model="name"><br />
+           Hello, {{name}}!
+
+           <p>This renders because the controller does not fail to
+              instantiate, by using explicit annotation style
+              (see script.js for details)
+           </p>
+       </div>
+
+       <div ng-controller="BadController">
+           I can add: {{a}} + {{b}} =  {{ a+b }}
+
+           <p>The controller could not be instantiated, due to relying
+              on automatic function annotations (which are disabled in
+              strict mode). As such, the content of this section is not
+              interpolated, and there should be an error in your web console.
+           </p>
+       </div>
+   </div>
+   </file>
+   <file name="script.js">
+   angular.module('ngAppStrictDemo', [])
+     // BadController will fail to instantiate, due to relying on automatic function annotation,
+     // rather than an explicit annotation
+     .controller('BadController', function($scope) {
+       $scope.a = 1;
+       $scope.b = 2;
+     })
+     // Unlike BadController, GoodController1 and GoodController2 will not fail to be instantiated,
+     // due to using explicit annotations using the array style and $inject property, respectively.
+     .controller('GoodController1', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+       $scope.a = 1;
+       $scope.b = 2;
+     }])
+     .controller('GoodController2', GoodController2);
+     function GoodController2($scope) {
+       $scope.name = 'World';
+     }
+     GoodController2.$inject = ['$scope'];
+   </file>
+   <file name="style.css">
+   div[ng-controller] {
+       margin-bottom: 1em;
+       -webkit-border-radius: 4px;
+       border-radius: 4px;
+       border: 1px solid;
+       padding: .5em;
+   }
+   div[ng-controller^=Good] {
+       border-color: #d6e9c6;
+       background-color: #dff0d8;
+       color: #3c763d;
+   }
+   div[ng-controller^=Bad] {
+       border-color: #ebccd1;
+       background-color: #f2dede;
+       color: #a94442;
+       margin-bottom: 0;
+   }
+   </file>
+ </example>
+ */
+function angularInit(element, bootstrap) {
+  var appElement,
+      module,
+      config = {};
+
+  // The element `element` has priority over any other element.
+  forEach(ngAttrPrefixes, function(prefix) {
+    var name = prefix + 'app';
+
+    if (!appElement && element.hasAttribute && element.hasAttribute(name)) {
+      appElement = element;
+      module = element.getAttribute(name);
+    }
+  });
+  forEach(ngAttrPrefixes, function(prefix) {
+    var name = prefix + 'app';
+    var candidate;
+
+    if (!appElement && (candidate = element.querySelector('[' + name.replace(':', '\\:') + ']'))) {
+      appElement = candidate;
+      module = candidate.getAttribute(name);
+    }
+  });
+  if (appElement) {
+    if (!isAutoBootstrapAllowed) {
+      window.console.error('AngularJS: disabling automatic bootstrap. <script> protocol indicates ' +
+          'an extension, document.location.href does not match.');
+      return;
+    }
+    config.strictDi = getNgAttribute(appElement, 'strict-di') !== null;
+    bootstrap(appElement, module ? [module] : [], config);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.bootstrap
+ * @module ng
+ * @description
+ * Use this function to manually start up AngularJS application.
+ *
+ * For more information, see the {@link guide/bootstrap Bootstrap guide}.
+ *
+ * AngularJS will detect if it has been loaded into the browser more than once and only allow the
+ * first loaded script to be bootstrapped and will report a warning to the browser console for
+ * each of the subsequent scripts. This prevents strange results in applications, where otherwise
+ * multiple instances of AngularJS try to work on the DOM.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** Protractor based end-to-end tests cannot use this function to bootstrap manually.
+ * They must use {@link ng.directive:ngApp ngApp}.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** Do not bootstrap the app on an element with a directive that uses {@link ng.$compile#transclusion transclusion},
+ * such as {@link ng.ngIf `ngIf`}, {@link ng.ngInclude `ngInclude`} and {@link ngRoute.ngView `ngView`}.
+ * Doing this misplaces the app {@link ng.$rootElement `$rootElement`} and the app's {@link auto.$injector injector},
+ * causing animations to stop working and making the injector inaccessible from outside the app.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <!doctype html>
+ * <html>
+ * <body>
+ * <div ng-controller="WelcomeController">
+ *   {{greeting}}
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * <script src="angular.js"></script>
+ * <script>
+ *   var app = angular.module('demo', [])
+ *   .controller('WelcomeController', function($scope) {
+ *       $scope.greeting = 'Welcome!';
+ *   });
+ *   angular.bootstrap(document, ['demo']);
+ * </script>
+ * </body>
+ * </html>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {DOMElement} element DOM element which is the root of AngularJS application.
+ * @param {Array<String|Function|Array>=} modules an array of modules to load into the application.
+ *     Each item in the array should be the name of a predefined module or a (DI annotated)
+ *     function that will be invoked by the injector as a `config` block.
+ *     See: {@link angular.module modules}
+ * @param {Object=} config an object for defining configuration options for the application. The
+ *     following keys are supported:
+ *
+ * * `strictDi` - disable automatic function annotation for the application. This is meant to
+ *   assist in finding bugs which break minified code. Defaults to `false`.
+ *
+ * @returns {auto.$injector} Returns the newly created injector for this app.
+ */
+function bootstrap(element, modules, config) {
+  if (!isObject(config)) config = {};
+  var defaultConfig = {
+    strictDi: false
+  };
+  config = extend(defaultConfig, config);
+  var doBootstrap = function() {
+    element = jqLite(element);
+
+    if (element.injector()) {
+      var tag = (element[0] === window.document) ? 'document' : startingTag(element);
+      // Encode angle brackets to prevent input from being sanitized to empty string #8683.
+      throw ngMinErr(
+          'btstrpd',
+          'App already bootstrapped with this element \'{0}\'',
+          tag.replace(/</,'&lt;').replace(/>/,'&gt;'));
+    }
+
+    modules = modules || [];
+    modules.unshift(['$provide', function($provide) {
+      $provide.value('$rootElement', element);
+    }]);
+
+    if (config.debugInfoEnabled) {
+      // Pushing so that this overrides `debugInfoEnabled` setting defined in user's `modules`.
+      modules.push(['$compileProvider', function($compileProvider) {
+        $compileProvider.debugInfoEnabled(true);
+      }]);
+    }
+
+    modules.unshift('ng');
+    var injector = createInjector(modules, config.strictDi);
+    injector.invoke(['$rootScope', '$rootElement', '$compile', '$injector',
+       function bootstrapApply(scope, element, compile, injector) {
+        scope.$apply(function() {
+          element.data('$injector', injector);
+          compile(element)(scope);
+        });
+      }]
+    );
+    return injector;
+  };
+
+  var NG_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO = /^NG_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO!/;
+  var NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP = /^NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP!/;
+
+  if (window && NG_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO.test(window.name)) {
+    config.debugInfoEnabled = true;
+    window.name = window.name.replace(NG_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO, '');
+  }
+
+  if (window && !NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP.test(window.name)) {
+    return doBootstrap();
+  }
+
+  window.name = window.name.replace(NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP, '');
+  angular.resumeBootstrap = function(extraModules) {
+    forEach(extraModules, function(module) {
+      modules.push(module);
+    });
+    return doBootstrap();
+  };
+
+  if (isFunction(angular.resumeDeferredBootstrap)) {
+    angular.resumeDeferredBootstrap();
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.reloadWithDebugInfo
+ * @module ng
+ * @description
+ * Use this function to reload the current application with debug information turned on.
+ * This takes precedence over a call to `$compileProvider.debugInfoEnabled(false)`.
+ *
+ * See {@link ng.$compileProvider#debugInfoEnabled} for more.
+ */
+function reloadWithDebugInfo() {
+  window.name = 'NG_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO!' + window.name;
+  window.location.reload();
+}
+
+/**
+ * @name angular.getTestability
+ * @module ng
+ * @description
+ * Get the testability service for the instance of AngularJS on the given
+ * element.
+ * @param {DOMElement} element DOM element which is the root of AngularJS application.
+ */
+function getTestability(rootElement) {
+  var injector = angular.element(rootElement).injector();
+  if (!injector) {
+    throw ngMinErr('test',
+      'no injector found for element argument to getTestability');
+  }
+  return injector.get('$$testability');
+}
+
+var SNAKE_CASE_REGEXP = /[A-Z]/g;
+function snake_case(name, separator) {
+  separator = separator || '_';
+  return name.replace(SNAKE_CASE_REGEXP, function(letter, pos) {
+    return (pos ? separator : '') + letter.toLowerCase();
+  });
+}
+
+var bindJQueryFired = false;
+function bindJQuery() {
+  var originalCleanData;
+
+  if (bindJQueryFired) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // bind to jQuery if present;
+  var jqName = jq();
+  jQuery = isUndefined(jqName) ? window.jQuery :   // use jQuery (if present)
+           !jqName             ? undefined     :   // use jqLite
+                                 window[jqName];   // use jQuery specified by `ngJq`
+
+  // Use jQuery if it exists with proper functionality, otherwise default to us.
+  // AngularJS 1.2+ requires jQuery 1.7+ for on()/off() support.
+  // AngularJS 1.3+ technically requires at least jQuery 2.1+ but it may work with older
+  // versions. It will not work for sure with jQuery <1.7, though.
+  if (jQuery && jQuery.fn.on) {
+    jqLite = jQuery;
+    extend(jQuery.fn, {
+      scope: JQLitePrototype.scope,
+      isolateScope: JQLitePrototype.isolateScope,
+      controller: /** @type {?} */ (JQLitePrototype).controller,
+      injector: JQLitePrototype.injector,
+      inheritedData: JQLitePrototype.inheritedData
+    });
+  } else {
+    jqLite = JQLite;
+  }
+
+  // All nodes removed from the DOM via various jqLite/jQuery APIs like .remove()
+  // are passed through jqLite/jQuery.cleanData. Monkey-patch this method to fire
+  // the $destroy event on all removed nodes.
+  originalCleanData = jqLite.cleanData;
+  jqLite.cleanData = function(elems) {
+    var events;
+    for (var i = 0, elem; (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++) {
+      events = (jqLite._data(elem) || {}).events;
+      if (events && events.$destroy) {
+        jqLite(elem).triggerHandler('$destroy');
+      }
+    }
+    originalCleanData(elems);
+  };
+
+  angular.element = jqLite;
+
+  // Prevent double-proxying.
+  bindJQueryFired = true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.UNSAFE_restoreLegacyJqLiteXHTMLReplacement
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Restores the pre-1.8 behavior of jqLite that turns XHTML-like strings like
+ * `<div /><span />` to `<div></div><span></span>` instead of `<div><span></span></div>`.
+ * The new behavior is a security fix. Thus, if you need to call this function, please try to adjust
+ * your code for this change and remove your use of this function as soon as possible.
+
+ * Note that this only patches jqLite. If you use jQuery 3.5.0 or newer, please read the
+ * [jQuery 3.5 upgrade guide](https://jquery.com/upgrade-guide/3.5/) for more details
+ * about the workarounds.
+ */
+function UNSAFE_restoreLegacyJqLiteXHTMLReplacement() {
+  JQLite.legacyXHTMLReplacement = true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * throw error if the argument is falsy.
+ */
+function assertArg(arg, name, reason) {
+  if (!arg) {
+    throw ngMinErr('areq', 'Argument \'{0}\' is {1}', (name || '?'), (reason || 'required'));
+  }
+  return arg;
+}
+
+function assertArgFn(arg, name, acceptArrayAnnotation) {
+  if (acceptArrayAnnotation && isArray(arg)) {
+      arg = arg[arg.length - 1];
+  }
+
+  assertArg(isFunction(arg), name, 'not a function, got ' +
+      (arg && typeof arg === 'object' ? arg.constructor.name || 'Object' : typeof arg));
+  return arg;
+}
+
+/**
+ * throw error if the name given is hasOwnProperty
+ * @param  {String} name    the name to test
+ * @param  {String} context the context in which the name is used, such as module or directive
+ */
+function assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, context) {
+  if (name === 'hasOwnProperty') {
+    throw ngMinErr('badname', 'hasOwnProperty is not a valid {0} name', context);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the value accessible from the object by path. Any undefined traversals are ignored
+ * @param {Object} obj starting object
+ * @param {String} path path to traverse
+ * @param {boolean} [bindFnToScope=true]
+ * @returns {Object} value as accessible by path
+ */
+//TODO(misko): this function needs to be removed
+function getter(obj, path, bindFnToScope) {
+  if (!path) return obj;
+  var keys = path.split('.');
+  var key;
+  var lastInstance = obj;
+  var len = keys.length;
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    key = keys[i];
+    if (obj) {
+      obj = (lastInstance = obj)[key];
+    }
+  }
+  if (!bindFnToScope && isFunction(obj)) {
+    return bind(lastInstance, obj);
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the DOM siblings between the first and last node in the given array.
+ * @param {Array} array like object
+ * @returns {Array} the inputted object or a jqLite collection containing the nodes
+ */
+function getBlockNodes(nodes) {
+  // TODO(perf): update `nodes` instead of creating a new object?
+  var node = nodes[0];
+  var endNode = nodes[nodes.length - 1];
+  var blockNodes;
+
+  for (var i = 1; node !== endNode && (node = node.nextSibling); i++) {
+    if (blockNodes || nodes[i] !== node) {
+      if (!blockNodes) {
+        blockNodes = jqLite(slice.call(nodes, 0, i));
+      }
+      blockNodes.push(node);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return blockNodes || nodes;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new object without a prototype. This object is useful for lookup without having to
+ * guard against prototypically inherited properties via hasOwnProperty.
+ *
+ * Related micro-benchmarks:
+ * - http://jsperf.com/object-create2
+ * - http://jsperf.com/proto-map-lookup/2
+ * - http://jsperf.com/for-in-vs-object-keys2
+ *
+ * @returns {Object}
+ */
+function createMap() {
+  return Object.create(null);
+}
+
+function stringify(value) {
+  if (value == null) { // null || undefined
+    return '';
+  }
+  switch (typeof value) {
+    case 'string':
+      break;
+    case 'number':
+      value = '' + value;
+      break;
+    default:
+      if (hasCustomToString(value) && !isArray(value) && !isDate(value)) {
+        value = value.toString();
+      } else {
+        value = toJson(value);
+      }
+  }
+
+  return value;
+}
+
+var NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT = 1;
+var NODE_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE = 2;
+var NODE_TYPE_TEXT = 3;
+var NODE_TYPE_COMMENT = 8;
+var NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT = 9;
+var NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT = 11;
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc type
+ * @name angular.Module
+ * @module ng
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Interface for configuring AngularJS {@link angular.module modules}.
+ */
+
+function setupModuleLoader(window) {
+
+  var $injectorMinErr = minErr('$injector');
+  var ngMinErr = minErr('ng');
+
+  function ensure(obj, name, factory) {
+    return obj[name] || (obj[name] = factory());
+  }
+
+  var angular = ensure(window, 'angular', Object);
+
+  // We need to expose `angular.$$minErr` to modules such as `ngResource` that reference it during bootstrap
+  angular.$$minErr = angular.$$minErr || minErr;
+
+  return ensure(angular, 'module', function() {
+    /** @type {Object.<string, angular.Module>} */
+    var modules = {};
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc function
+     * @name angular.module
+     * @module ng
+     * @description
+     *
+     * The `angular.module` is a global place for creating, registering and retrieving AngularJS
+     * modules.
+     * All modules (AngularJS core or 3rd party) that should be available to an application must be
+     * registered using this mechanism.
+     *
+     * Passing one argument retrieves an existing {@link angular.Module},
+     * whereas passing more than one argument creates a new {@link angular.Module}
+     *
+     *
+     * # Module
+     *
+     * A module is a collection of services, directives, controllers, filters, and configuration information.
+     * `angular.module` is used to configure the {@link auto.$injector $injector}.
+     *
+     * ```js
+     * // Create a new module
+     * var myModule = angular.module('myModule', []);
+     *
+     * // register a new service
+     * myModule.value('appName', 'MyCoolApp');
+     *
+     * // configure existing services inside initialization blocks.
+     * myModule.config(['$locationProvider', function($locationProvider) {
+     *   // Configure existing providers
+     *   $locationProvider.hashPrefix('!');
+     * }]);
+     * ```
+     *
+     * Then you can create an injector and load your modules like this:
+     *
+     * ```js
+     * var injector = angular.injector(['ng', 'myModule'])
+     * ```
+     *
+     * However it's more likely that you'll just use
+     * {@link ng.directive:ngApp ngApp} or
+     * {@link angular.bootstrap} to simplify this process for you.
+     *
+     * @param {!string} name The name of the module to create or retrieve.
+     * @param {!Array.<string>=} requires If specified then new module is being created. If
+     *        unspecified then the module is being retrieved for further configuration.
+     * @param {Function=} configFn Optional configuration function for the module. Same as
+     *        {@link angular.Module#config Module#config()}.
+     * @returns {angular.Module} new module with the {@link angular.Module} api.
+     */
+    return function module(name, requires, configFn) {
+
+      var info = {};
+
+      var assertNotHasOwnProperty = function(name, context) {
+        if (name === 'hasOwnProperty') {
+          throw ngMinErr('badname', 'hasOwnProperty is not a valid {0} name', context);
+        }
+      };
+
+      assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'module');
+      if (requires && modules.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
+        modules[name] = null;
+      }
+      return ensure(modules, name, function() {
+        if (!requires) {
+          throw $injectorMinErr('nomod', 'Module \'{0}\' is not available! You either misspelled ' +
+             'the module name or forgot to load it. If registering a module ensure that you ' +
+             'specify the dependencies as the second argument.', name);
+        }
+
+        /** @type {!Array.<Array.<*>>} */
+        var invokeQueue = [];
+
+        /** @type {!Array.<Function>} */
+        var configBlocks = [];
+
+        /** @type {!Array.<Function>} */
+        var runBlocks = [];
+
+        var config = invokeLater('$injector', 'invoke', 'push', configBlocks);
+
+        /** @type {angular.Module} */
+        var moduleInstance = {
+          // Private state
+          _invokeQueue: invokeQueue,
+          _configBlocks: configBlocks,
+          _runBlocks: runBlocks,
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#info
+           * @module ng
+           *
+           * @param {Object=} info Information about the module
+           * @returns {Object|Module} The current info object for this module if called as a getter,
+           *                          or `this` if called as a setter.
+           *
+           * @description
+           * Read and write custom information about this module.
+           * For example you could put the version of the module in here.
+           *
+           * ```js
+           * angular.module('myModule', []).info({ version: '1.0.0' });
+           * ```
+           *
+           * The version could then be read back out by accessing the module elsewhere:
+           *
+           * ```
+           * var version = angular.module('myModule').info().version;
+           * ```
+           *
+           * You can also retrieve this information during runtime via the
+           * {@link $injector#modules `$injector.modules`} property:
+           *
+           * ```js
+           * var version = $injector.modules['myModule'].info().version;
+           * ```
+           */
+          info: function(value) {
+            if (isDefined(value)) {
+              if (!isObject(value)) throw ngMinErr('aobj', 'Argument \'{0}\' must be an object', 'value');
+              info = value;
+              return this;
+            }
+            return info;
+          },
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc property
+           * @name angular.Module#requires
+           * @module ng
+           *
+           * @description
+           * Holds the list of modules which the injector will load before the current module is
+           * loaded.
+           */
+          requires: requires,
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc property
+           * @name angular.Module#name
+           * @module ng
+           *
+           * @description
+           * Name of the module.
+           */
+          name: name,
+
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#provider
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string} name service name
+           * @param {Function} providerType Construction function for creating new instance of the
+           *                                service.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link auto.$provide#provider $provide.provider()}.
+           */
+          provider: invokeLaterAndSetModuleName('$provide', 'provider'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#factory
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string} name service name
+           * @param {Function} providerFunction Function for creating new instance of the service.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link auto.$provide#factory $provide.factory()}.
+           */
+          factory: invokeLaterAndSetModuleName('$provide', 'factory'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#service
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string} name service name
+           * @param {Function} constructor A constructor function that will be instantiated.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link auto.$provide#service $provide.service()}.
+           */
+          service: invokeLaterAndSetModuleName('$provide', 'service'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#value
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string} name service name
+           * @param {*} object Service instance object.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link auto.$provide#value $provide.value()}.
+           */
+          value: invokeLater('$provide', 'value'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#constant
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string} name constant name
+           * @param {*} object Constant value.
+           * @description
+           * Because the constants are fixed, they get applied before other provide methods.
+           * See {@link auto.$provide#constant $provide.constant()}.
+           */
+          constant: invokeLater('$provide', 'constant', 'unshift'),
+
+           /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#decorator
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string} name The name of the service to decorate.
+           * @param {Function} decorFn This function will be invoked when the service needs to be
+           *                           instantiated and should return the decorated service instance.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link auto.$provide#decorator $provide.decorator()}.
+           */
+          decorator: invokeLaterAndSetModuleName('$provide', 'decorator', configBlocks),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#animation
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string} name animation name
+           * @param {Function} animationFactory Factory function for creating new instance of an
+           *                                    animation.
+           * @description
+           *
+           * **NOTE**: animations take effect only if the **ngAnimate** module is loaded.
+           *
+           *
+           * Defines an animation hook that can be later used with
+           * {@link $animate $animate} service and directives that use this service.
+           *
+           * ```js
+           * module.animation('.animation-name', function($inject1, $inject2) {
+           *   return {
+           *     eventName : function(element, done) {
+           *       //code to run the animation
+           *       //once complete, then run done()
+           *       return function cancellationFunction(element) {
+           *         //code to cancel the animation
+           *       }
+           *     }
+           *   }
+           * })
+           * ```
+           *
+           * See {@link ng.$animateProvider#register $animateProvider.register()} and
+           * {@link ngAnimate ngAnimate module} for more information.
+           */
+          animation: invokeLaterAndSetModuleName('$animateProvider', 'register'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#filter
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string} name Filter name - this must be a valid AngularJS expression identifier
+           * @param {Function} filterFactory Factory function for creating new instance of filter.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link ng.$filterProvider#register $filterProvider.register()}.
+           *
+           * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+           * **Note:** Filter names must be valid AngularJS {@link expression} identifiers, such as `uppercase` or `orderBy`.
+           * Names with special characters, such as hyphens and dots, are not allowed. If you wish to namespace
+           * your filters, then you can use capitalization (`myappSubsectionFilterx`) or underscores
+           * (`myapp_subsection_filterx`).
+           * </div>
+           */
+          filter: invokeLaterAndSetModuleName('$filterProvider', 'register'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#controller
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string|Object} name Controller name, or an object map of controllers where the
+           *    keys are the names and the values are the constructors.
+           * @param {Function} constructor Controller constructor function.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link ng.$controllerProvider#register $controllerProvider.register()}.
+           */
+          controller: invokeLaterAndSetModuleName('$controllerProvider', 'register'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#directive
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string|Object} name Directive name, or an object map of directives where the
+           *    keys are the names and the values are the factories.
+           * @param {Function} directiveFactory Factory function for creating new instance of
+           * directives.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive $compileProvider.directive()}.
+           */
+          directive: invokeLaterAndSetModuleName('$compileProvider', 'directive'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#component
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string|Object} name Name of the component in camelCase (i.e. `myComp` which will match `<my-comp>`),
+           *    or an object map of components where the keys are the names and the values are the component definition objects.
+           * @param {Object} options Component definition object (a simplified
+           *    {@link ng.$compile#directive-definition-object directive definition object})
+           *
+           * @description
+           * See {@link ng.$compileProvider#component $compileProvider.component()}.
+           */
+          component: invokeLaterAndSetModuleName('$compileProvider', 'component'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#config
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {Function} configFn Execute this function on module load. Useful for service
+           *    configuration.
+           * @description
+           * Use this method to configure services by injecting their
+           * {@link angular.Module#provider `providers`}, e.g. for adding routes to the
+           * {@link ngRoute.$routeProvider $routeProvider}.
+           *
+           * Note that you can only inject {@link angular.Module#provider `providers`} and
+           * {@link angular.Module#constant `constants`} into this function.
+           *
+           * For more about how to configure services, see
+           * {@link providers#provider-recipe Provider Recipe}.
+           */
+          config: config,
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#run
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {Function} initializationFn Execute this function after injector creation.
+           *    Useful for application initialization.
+           * @description
+           * Use this method to register work which should be performed when the injector is done
+           * loading all modules.
+           */
+          run: function(block) {
+            runBlocks.push(block);
+            return this;
+          }
+        };
+
+        if (configFn) {
+          config(configFn);
+        }
+
+        return moduleInstance;
+
+        /**
+         * @param {string} provider
+         * @param {string} method
+         * @param {String=} insertMethod
+         * @returns {angular.Module}
+         */
+        function invokeLater(provider, method, insertMethod, queue) {
+          if (!queue) queue = invokeQueue;
+          return function() {
+            queue[insertMethod || 'push']([provider, method, arguments]);
+            return moduleInstance;
+          };
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @param {string} provider
+         * @param {string} method
+         * @returns {angular.Module}
+         */
+        function invokeLaterAndSetModuleName(provider, method, queue) {
+          if (!queue) queue = invokeQueue;
+          return function(recipeName, factoryFunction) {
+            if (factoryFunction && isFunction(factoryFunction)) factoryFunction.$$moduleName = name;
+            queue.push([provider, method, arguments]);
+            return moduleInstance;
+          };
+        }
+      });
+    };
+  });
+
+}
+
+/* global shallowCopy: true */
+
+/**
+ * Creates a shallow copy of an object, an array or a primitive.
+ *
+ * Assumes that there are no proto properties for objects.
+ */
+function shallowCopy(src, dst) {
+  if (isArray(src)) {
+    dst = dst || [];
+
+    for (var i = 0, ii = src.length; i < ii; i++) {
+      dst[i] = src[i];
+    }
+  } else if (isObject(src)) {
+    dst = dst || {};
+
+    for (var key in src) {
+      if (!(key.charAt(0) === '$' && key.charAt(1) === '$')) {
+        dst[key] = src[key];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return dst || src;
+}
+
+/* exported toDebugString */
+
+function serializeObject(obj, maxDepth) {
+  var seen = [];
+
+  // There is no direct way to stringify object until reaching a specific depth
+  // and a very deep object can cause a performance issue, so we copy the object
+  // based on this specific depth and then stringify it.
+  if (isValidObjectMaxDepth(maxDepth)) {
+    // This file is also included in `angular-loader`, so `copy()` might not always be available in
+    // the closure. Therefore, it is lazily retrieved as `angular.copy()` when needed.
+    obj = angular.copy(obj, null, maxDepth);
+  }
+  return JSON.stringify(obj, function(key, val) {
+    val = toJsonReplacer(key, val);
+    if (isObject(val)) {
+
+      if (seen.indexOf(val) >= 0) return '...';
+
+      seen.push(val);
+    }
+    return val;
+  });
+}
+
+function toDebugString(obj, maxDepth) {
+  if (typeof obj === 'function') {
+    return obj.toString().replace(/ \{[\s\S]*$/, '');
+  } else if (isUndefined(obj)) {
+    return 'undefined';
+  } else if (typeof obj !== 'string') {
+    return serializeObject(obj, maxDepth);
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+/* global angularModule: true,
+  version: true,
+
+  $CompileProvider,
+
+  htmlAnchorDirective,
+  inputDirective,
+  hiddenInputBrowserCacheDirective,
+  formDirective,
+  scriptDirective,
+  selectDirective,
+  optionDirective,
+  ngBindDirective,
+  ngBindHtmlDirective,
+  ngBindTemplateDirective,
+  ngClassDirective,
+  ngClassEvenDirective,
+  ngClassOddDirective,
+  ngCloakDirective,
+  ngControllerDirective,
+  ngFormDirective,
+  ngHideDirective,
+  ngIfDirective,
+  ngIncludeDirective,
+  ngIncludeFillContentDirective,
+  ngInitDirective,
+  ngNonBindableDirective,
+  ngPluralizeDirective,
+  ngRefDirective,
+  ngRepeatDirective,
+  ngShowDirective,
+  ngStyleDirective,
+  ngSwitchDirective,
+  ngSwitchWhenDirective,
+  ngSwitchDefaultDirective,
+  ngOptionsDirective,
+  ngTranscludeDirective,
+  ngModelDirective,
+  ngListDirective,
+  ngChangeDirective,
+  patternDirective,
+  patternDirective,
+  requiredDirective,
+  requiredDirective,
+  minlengthDirective,
+  minlengthDirective,
+  maxlengthDirective,
+  maxlengthDirective,
+  ngValueDirective,
+  ngModelOptionsDirective,
+  ngAttributeAliasDirectives,
+  ngEventDirectives,
+
+  $AnchorScrollProvider,
+  $AnimateProvider,
+  $CoreAnimateCssProvider,
+  $$CoreAnimateJsProvider,
+  $$CoreAnimateQueueProvider,
+  $$AnimateRunnerFactoryProvider,
+  $$AnimateAsyncRunFactoryProvider,
+  $BrowserProvider,
+  $CacheFactoryProvider,
+  $ControllerProvider,
+  $DateProvider,
+  $DocumentProvider,
+  $$IsDocumentHiddenProvider,
+  $ExceptionHandlerProvider,
+  $FilterProvider,
+  $$ForceReflowProvider,
+  $InterpolateProvider,
+  $$IntervalFactoryProvider,
+  $IntervalProvider,
+  $HttpProvider,
+  $HttpParamSerializerProvider,
+  $HttpParamSerializerJQLikeProvider,
+  $HttpBackendProvider,
+  $xhrFactoryProvider,
+  $jsonpCallbacksProvider,
+  $LocationProvider,
+  $LogProvider,
+  $$MapProvider,
+  $ParseProvider,
+  $RootScopeProvider,
+  $QProvider,
+  $$QProvider,
+  $$SanitizeUriProvider,
+  $SceProvider,
+  $SceDelegateProvider,
+  $SnifferProvider,
+  $$TaskTrackerFactoryProvider,
+  $TemplateCacheProvider,
+  $TemplateRequestProvider,
+  $$TestabilityProvider,
+  $TimeoutProvider,
+  $$RAFProvider,
+  $WindowProvider,
+  $$jqLiteProvider,
+  $$CookieReaderProvider
+*/
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name angular.version
+ * @module ng
+ * @description
+ * An object that contains information about the current AngularJS version.
+ *
+ * This object has the following properties:
+ *
+ * - `full` – `{string}` – Full version string, such as "0.9.18".
+ * - `major` – `{number}` – Major version number, such as "0".
+ * - `minor` – `{number}` – Minor version number, such as "9".
+ * - `dot` – `{number}` – Dot version number, such as "18".
+ * - `codeName` – `{string}` – Code name of the release, such as "jiggling-armfat".
+ */
+var version = {
+  // These placeholder strings will be replaced by grunt's `build` task.
+  // They need to be double- or single-quoted.
+  full: '1.8.2',
+  major: 1,
+  minor: 8,
+  dot: 2,
+  codeName: 'meteoric-mining'
+};
+
+
+function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
+  extend(angular, {
+    'errorHandlingConfig': errorHandlingConfig,
+    'bootstrap': bootstrap,
+    'copy': copy,
+    'extend': extend,
+    'merge': merge,
+    'equals': equals,
+    'element': jqLite,
+    'forEach': forEach,
+    'injector': createInjector,
+    'noop': noop,
+    'bind': bind,
+    'toJson': toJson,
+    'fromJson': fromJson,
+    'identity': identity,
+    'isUndefined': isUndefined,
+    'isDefined': isDefined,
+    'isString': isString,
+    'isFunction': isFunction,
+    'isObject': isObject,
+    'isNumber': isNumber,
+    'isElement': isElement,
+    'isArray': isArray,
+    'version': version,
+    'isDate': isDate,
+    'callbacks': {$$counter: 0},
+    'getTestability': getTestability,
+    'reloadWithDebugInfo': reloadWithDebugInfo,
+    'UNSAFE_restoreLegacyJqLiteXHTMLReplacement': UNSAFE_restoreLegacyJqLiteXHTMLReplacement,
+    '$$minErr': minErr,
+    '$$csp': csp,
+    '$$encodeUriSegment': encodeUriSegment,
+    '$$encodeUriQuery': encodeUriQuery,
+    '$$lowercase': lowercase,
+    '$$stringify': stringify,
+    '$$uppercase': uppercase
+  });
+
+  angularModule = setupModuleLoader(window);
+
+  angularModule('ng', ['ngLocale'], ['$provide',
+    function ngModule($provide) {
+      // $$sanitizeUriProvider needs to be before $compileProvider as it is used by it.
+      $provide.provider({
+        $$sanitizeUri: $$SanitizeUriProvider
+      });
+      $provide.provider('$compile', $CompileProvider).
+        directive({
+            a: htmlAnchorDirective,
+            input: inputDirective,
+            textarea: inputDirective,
+            form: formDirective,
+            script: scriptDirective,
+            select: selectDirective,
+            option: optionDirective,
+            ngBind: ngBindDirective,
+            ngBindHtml: ngBindHtmlDirective,
+            ngBindTemplate: ngBindTemplateDirective,
+            ngClass: ngClassDirective,
+            ngClassEven: ngClassEvenDirective,
+            ngClassOdd: ngClassOddDirective,
+            ngCloak: ngCloakDirective,
+            ngController: ngControllerDirective,
+            ngForm: ngFormDirective,
+            ngHide: ngHideDirective,
+            ngIf: ngIfDirective,
+            ngInclude: ngIncludeDirective,
+            ngInit: ngInitDirective,
+            ngNonBindable: ngNonBindableDirective,
+            ngPluralize: ngPluralizeDirective,
+            ngRef: ngRefDirective,
+            ngRepeat: ngRepeatDirective,
+            ngShow: ngShowDirective,
+            ngStyle: ngStyleDirective,
+            ngSwitch: ngSwitchDirective,
+            ngSwitchWhen: ngSwitchWhenDirective,
+            ngSwitchDefault: ngSwitchDefaultDirective,
+            ngOptions: ngOptionsDirective,
+            ngTransclude: ngTranscludeDirective,
+            ngModel: ngModelDirective,
+            ngList: ngListDirective,
+            ngChange: ngChangeDirective,
+            pattern: patternDirective,
+            ngPattern: patternDirective,
+            required: requiredDirective,
+            ngRequired: requiredDirective,
+            minlength: minlengthDirective,
+            ngMinlength: minlengthDirective,
+            maxlength: maxlengthDirective,
+            ngMaxlength: maxlengthDirective,
+            ngValue: ngValueDirective,
+            ngModelOptions: ngModelOptionsDirective
+        }).
+        directive({
+          ngInclude: ngIncludeFillContentDirective,
+          input: hiddenInputBrowserCacheDirective
+        }).
+        directive(ngAttributeAliasDirectives).
+        directive(ngEventDirectives);
+      $provide.provider({
+        $anchorScroll: $AnchorScrollProvider,
+        $animate: $AnimateProvider,
+        $animateCss: $CoreAnimateCssProvider,
+        $$animateJs: $$CoreAnimateJsProvider,
+        $$animateQueue: $$CoreAnimateQueueProvider,
+        $$AnimateRunner: $$AnimateRunnerFactoryProvider,
+        $$animateAsyncRun: $$AnimateAsyncRunFactoryProvider,
+        $browser: $BrowserProvider,
+        $cacheFactory: $CacheFactoryProvider,
+        $controller: $ControllerProvider,
+        $document: $DocumentProvider,
+        $$isDocumentHidden: $$IsDocumentHiddenProvider,
+        $exceptionHandler: $ExceptionHandlerProvider,
+        $filter: $FilterProvider,
+        $$forceReflow: $$ForceReflowProvider,
+        $interpolate: $InterpolateProvider,
+        $interval: $IntervalProvider,
+        $$intervalFactory: $$IntervalFactoryProvider,
+        $http: $HttpProvider,
+        $httpParamSerializer: $HttpParamSerializerProvider,
+        $httpParamSerializerJQLike: $HttpParamSerializerJQLikeProvider,
+        $httpBackend: $HttpBackendProvider,
+        $xhrFactory: $xhrFactoryProvider,
+        $jsonpCallbacks: $jsonpCallbacksProvider,
+        $location: $LocationProvider,
+        $log: $LogProvider,
+        $parse: $ParseProvider,
+        $rootScope: $RootScopeProvider,
+        $q: $QProvider,
+        $$q: $$QProvider,
+        $sce: $SceProvider,
+        $sceDelegate: $SceDelegateProvider,
+        $sniffer: $SnifferProvider,
+        $$taskTrackerFactory: $$TaskTrackerFactoryProvider,
+        $templateCache: $TemplateCacheProvider,
+        $templateRequest: $TemplateRequestProvider,
+        $$testability: $$TestabilityProvider,
+        $timeout: $TimeoutProvider,
+        $window: $WindowProvider,
+        $$rAF: $$RAFProvider,
+        $$jqLite: $$jqLiteProvider,
+        $$Map: $$MapProvider,
+        $$cookieReader: $$CookieReaderProvider
+      });
+    }
+  ])
+  .info({ angularVersion: '1.8.2' });
+}
+
+/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
+ *     Any commits to this file should be reviewed with security in mind.  *
+ *   Changes to this file can potentially create security vulnerabilities. *
+ *          An approval from 2 Core members with history of modifying      *
+ *                         this file is required.                          *
+ *                                                                         *
+ *  Does the change somehow allow for arbitrary javascript to be executed? *
+ *    Or allows for someone to change the prototype of built-in objects?   *
+ *     Or gives undesired access to variables likes document or window?    *
+ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
+
+/* global
+  JQLitePrototype: true,
+  BOOLEAN_ATTR: true,
+  ALIASED_ATTR: true
+*/
+
+//////////////////////////////////
+//JQLite
+//////////////////////////////////
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.element
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Wraps a raw DOM element or HTML string as a [jQuery](http://jquery.com) element.
+ *
+ * If jQuery is available, `angular.element` is an alias for the
+ * [jQuery](http://api.jquery.com/jQuery/) function. If jQuery is not available, `angular.element`
+ * delegates to AngularJS's built-in subset of jQuery, called "jQuery lite" or **jqLite**.
+ *
+ * jqLite is a tiny, API-compatible subset of jQuery that allows
+ * AngularJS to manipulate the DOM in a cross-browser compatible way. jqLite implements only the most
+ * commonly needed functionality with the goal of having a very small footprint.
+ *
+ * To use `jQuery`, simply ensure it is loaded before the `angular.js` file. You can also use the
+ * {@link ngJq `ngJq`} directive to specify that jqlite should be used over jQuery, or to use a
+ * specific version of jQuery if multiple versions exist on the page.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">**Note:** All element references in AngularJS are always wrapped with jQuery or
+ * jqLite (such as the element argument in a directive's compile / link function). They are never raw DOM references.</div>
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">**Note:** Keep in mind that this function will not find elements
+ * by tag name / CSS selector. For lookups by tag name, try instead `angular.element(document).find(...)`
+ * or `$document.find()`, or use the standard DOM APIs, e.g. `document.querySelectorAll()`.</div>
+ *
+ * ## AngularJS's jqLite
+ * jqLite provides only the following jQuery methods:
+ *
+ * - [`addClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/addClass/) - Does not support a function as first argument
+ * - [`after()`](http://api.jquery.com/after/)
+ * - [`append()`](http://api.jquery.com/append/) - Contrary to jQuery, this doesn't clone elements
+ *   so will not work correctly when invoked on a jqLite object containing more than one DOM node
+ * - [`attr()`](http://api.jquery.com/attr/) - Does not support functions as parameters
+ * - [`bind()`](http://api.jquery.com/bind/) (_deprecated_, use [`on()`](http://api.jquery.com/on/)) - Does not support namespaces, selectors or eventData
+ * - [`children()`](http://api.jquery.com/children/) - Does not support selectors
+ * - [`clone()`](http://api.jquery.com/clone/)
+ * - [`contents()`](http://api.jquery.com/contents/)
+ * - [`css()`](http://api.jquery.com/css/) - Only retrieves inline-styles, does not call `getComputedStyle()`.
+ *   As a setter, does not convert numbers to strings or append 'px', and also does not have automatic property prefixing.
+ * - [`data()`](http://api.jquery.com/data/)
+ * - [`detach()`](http://api.jquery.com/detach/)
+ * - [`empty()`](http://api.jquery.com/empty/)
+ * - [`eq()`](http://api.jquery.com/eq/)
+ * - [`find()`](http://api.jquery.com/find/) - Limited to lookups by tag name
+ * - [`hasClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/hasClass/)
+ * - [`html()`](http://api.jquery.com/html/)
+ * - [`next()`](http://api.jquery.com/next/) - Does not support selectors
+ * - [`on()`](http://api.jquery.com/on/) - Does not support namespaces, selectors or eventData
+ * - [`off()`](http://api.jquery.com/off/) - Does not support namespaces, selectors or event object as parameter
+ * - [`one()`](http://api.jquery.com/one/) - Does not support namespaces or selectors
+ * - [`parent()`](http://api.jquery.com/parent/) - Does not support selectors
+ * - [`prepend()`](http://api.jquery.com/prepend/)
+ * - [`prop()`](http://api.jquery.com/prop/)
+ * - [`ready()`](http://api.jquery.com/ready/) (_deprecated_, use `angular.element(callback)` instead of `angular.element(document).ready(callback)`)
+ * - [`remove()`](http://api.jquery.com/remove/)
+ * - [`removeAttr()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeAttr/) - Does not support multiple attributes
+ * - [`removeClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeClass/) - Does not support a function as first argument
+ * - [`removeData()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeData/)
+ * - [`replaceWith()`](http://api.jquery.com/replaceWith/)
+ * - [`text()`](http://api.jquery.com/text/)
+ * - [`toggleClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/toggleClass/) - Does not support a function as first argument
+ * - [`triggerHandler()`](http://api.jquery.com/triggerHandler/) - Passes a dummy event object to handlers
+ * - [`unbind()`](http://api.jquery.com/unbind/) (_deprecated_, use [`off()`](http://api.jquery.com/off/)) - Does not support namespaces or event object as parameter
+ * - [`val()`](http://api.jquery.com/val/)
+ * - [`wrap()`](http://api.jquery.com/wrap/)
+ *
+ * jqLite also provides a method restoring pre-1.8 insecure treatment of XHTML-like tags.
+ * This legacy behavior turns input like `<div /><span />` to `<div></div><span></span>`
+ * instead of `<div><span></span></div>` like version 1.8 & newer do. To restore it, invoke:
+ * ```js
+ * angular.UNSAFE_restoreLegacyJqLiteXHTMLReplacement();
+ * ```
+ * Note that this only patches jqLite. If you use jQuery 3.5.0 or newer, please read the
+ * [jQuery 3.5 upgrade guide](https://jquery.com/upgrade-guide/3.5/) for more details
+ * about the workarounds.
+ *
+ * ## jQuery/jqLite Extras
+ * AngularJS also provides the following additional methods and events to both jQuery and jqLite:
+ *
+ * ### Events
+ * - `$destroy` - AngularJS intercepts all jqLite/jQuery's DOM destruction apis and fires this event
+ *    on all DOM nodes being removed.  This can be used to clean up any 3rd party bindings to the DOM
+ *    element before it is removed.
+ *
+ * ### Methods
+ * - `controller(name)` - retrieves the controller of the current element or its parent. By default
+ *   retrieves controller associated with the `ngController` directive. If `name` is provided as
+ *   camelCase directive name, then the controller for this directive will be retrieved (e.g.
+ *   `'ngModel'`).
+ * - `injector()` - retrieves the injector of the current element or its parent.
+ * - `scope()` - retrieves the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope} of the current
+ *   element or its parent. Requires {@link guide/production#disabling-debug-data Debug Data} to
+ *   be enabled.
+ * - `isolateScope()` - retrieves an isolate {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope} if one is attached directly to the
+ *   current element. This getter should be used only on elements that contain a directive which starts a new isolate
+ *   scope. Calling `scope()` on this element always returns the original non-isolate scope.
+ *   Requires {@link guide/production#disabling-debug-data Debug Data} to be enabled.
+ * - `inheritedData()` - same as `data()`, but walks up the DOM until a value is found or the top
+ *   parent element is reached.
+ *
+ * @knownIssue You cannot spy on `angular.element` if you are using Jasmine version 1.x. See
+ * https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/14251 for more information.
+ *
+ * @param {string|DOMElement} element HTML string or DOMElement to be wrapped into jQuery.
+ * @returns {Object} jQuery object.
+ */
+
+JQLite.expando = 'ng339';
+
+var jqCache = JQLite.cache = {},
+    jqId = 1;
+
+/*
+ * !!! This is an undocumented "private" function !!!
+ */
+JQLite._data = function(node) {
+  //jQuery always returns an object on cache miss
+  return this.cache[node[this.expando]] || {};
+};
+
+function jqNextId() { return ++jqId; }
+
+
+var DASH_LOWERCASE_REGEXP = /-([a-z])/g;
+var MS_HACK_REGEXP = /^-ms-/;
+var MOUSE_EVENT_MAP = { mouseleave: 'mouseout', mouseenter: 'mouseover' };
+var jqLiteMinErr = minErr('jqLite');
+
+/**
+ * Converts kebab-case to camelCase.
+ * There is also a special case for the ms prefix starting with a lowercase letter.
+ * @param name Name to normalize
+ */
+function cssKebabToCamel(name) {
+    return kebabToCamel(name.replace(MS_HACK_REGEXP, 'ms-'));
+}
+
+function fnCamelCaseReplace(all, letter) {
+  return letter.toUpperCase();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts kebab-case to camelCase.
+ * @param name Name to normalize
+ */
+function kebabToCamel(name) {
+  return name
+    .replace(DASH_LOWERCASE_REGEXP, fnCamelCaseReplace);
+}
+
+var SINGLE_TAG_REGEXP = /^<([\w-]+)\s*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/;
+var HTML_REGEXP = /<|&#?\w+;/;
+var TAG_NAME_REGEXP = /<([\w:-]+)/;
+var XHTML_TAG_REGEXP = /<(?!area|br|col|embed|hr|img|input|link|meta|param)(([\w:-]+)[^>]*)\/>/gi;
+
+// Table parts need to be wrapped with `<table>` or they're
+// stripped to their contents when put in a div.
+// XHTML parsers do not magically insert elements in the
+// same way that tag soup parsers do, so we cannot shorten
+// this by omitting <tbody> or other required elements.
+var wrapMap = {
+  thead: ['table'],
+  col: ['colgroup', 'table'],
+  tr: ['tbody', 'table'],
+  td: ['tr', 'tbody', 'table']
+};
+
+wrapMap.tbody = wrapMap.tfoot = wrapMap.colgroup = wrapMap.caption = wrapMap.thead;
+wrapMap.th = wrapMap.td;
+
+// Support: IE <10 only
+// IE 9 requires an option wrapper & it needs to have the whole table structure
+// set up in advance; assigning `"<td></td>"` to `tr.innerHTML` doesn't work, etc.
+var wrapMapIE9 = {
+  option: [1, '<select multiple="multiple">', '</select>'],
+  _default: [0, '', '']
+};
+
+for (var key in wrapMap) {
+  var wrapMapValueClosing = wrapMap[key];
+  var wrapMapValue = wrapMapValueClosing.slice().reverse();
+  wrapMapIE9[key] = [wrapMapValue.length, '<' + wrapMapValue.join('><') + '>', '</' + wrapMapValueClosing.join('></') + '>'];
+}
+
+wrapMapIE9.optgroup = wrapMapIE9.option;
+
+function jqLiteIsTextNode(html) {
+  return !HTML_REGEXP.test(html);
+}
+
+function jqLiteAcceptsData(node) {
+  // The window object can accept data but has no nodeType
+  // Otherwise we are only interested in elements (1) and documents (9)
+  var nodeType = node.nodeType;
+  return nodeType === NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT || !nodeType || nodeType === NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT;
+}
+
+function jqLiteHasData(node) {
+  for (var key in jqCache[node.ng339]) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+function jqLiteBuildFragment(html, context) {
+  var tmp, tag, wrap, finalHtml,
+      fragment = context.createDocumentFragment(),
+      nodes = [], i;
+
+  if (jqLiteIsTextNode(html)) {
+    // Convert non-html into a text node
+    nodes.push(context.createTextNode(html));
+  } else {
+    // Convert html into DOM nodes
+    tmp = fragment.appendChild(context.createElement('div'));
+    tag = (TAG_NAME_REGEXP.exec(html) || ['', ''])[1].toLowerCase();
+    finalHtml = JQLite.legacyXHTMLReplacement ?
+      html.replace(XHTML_TAG_REGEXP, '<$1></$2>') :
+      html;
+
+    if (msie < 10) {
+      wrap = wrapMapIE9[tag] || wrapMapIE9._default;
+      tmp.innerHTML = wrap[1] + finalHtml + wrap[2];
+
+      // Descend through wrappers to the right content
+      i = wrap[0];
+      while (i--) {
+        tmp = tmp.firstChild;
+      }
+    } else {
+      wrap = wrapMap[tag] || [];
+
+      // Create wrappers & descend into them
+      i = wrap.length;
+      while (--i > -1) {
+        tmp.appendChild(window.document.createElement(wrap[i]));
+        tmp = tmp.firstChild;
+      }
+
+      tmp.innerHTML = finalHtml;
+    }
+
+    nodes = concat(nodes, tmp.childNodes);
+
+    tmp = fragment.firstChild;
+    tmp.textContent = '';
+  }
+
+  // Remove wrapper from fragment
+  fragment.textContent = '';
+  fragment.innerHTML = ''; // Clear inner HTML
+  forEach(nodes, function(node) {
+    fragment.appendChild(node);
+  });
+
+  return fragment;
+}
+
+function jqLiteParseHTML(html, context) {
+  context = context || window.document;
+  var parsed;
+
+  if ((parsed = SINGLE_TAG_REGEXP.exec(html))) {
+    return [context.createElement(parsed[1])];
+  }
+
+  if ((parsed = jqLiteBuildFragment(html, context))) {
+    return parsed.childNodes;
+  }
+
+  return [];
+}
+
+function jqLiteWrapNode(node, wrapper) {
+  var parent = node.parentNode;
+
+  if (parent) {
+    parent.replaceChild(wrapper, node);
+  }
+
+  wrapper.appendChild(node);
+}
+
+
+// IE9-11 has no method "contains" in SVG element and in Node.prototype. Bug #10259.
+var jqLiteContains = window.Node.prototype.contains || /** @this */ function(arg) {
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-bitwise
+  return !!(this.compareDocumentPosition(arg) & 16);
+};
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////
+function JQLite(element) {
+  if (element instanceof JQLite) {
+    return element;
+  }
+
+  var argIsString;
+
+  if (isString(element)) {
+    element = trim(element);
+    argIsString = true;
+  }
+  if (!(this instanceof JQLite)) {
+    if (argIsString && element.charAt(0) !== '<') {
+      throw jqLiteMinErr('nosel', 'Looking up elements via selectors is not supported by jqLite! See: http://docs.angularjs.org/api/angular.element');
+    }
+    return new JQLite(element);
+  }
+
+  if (argIsString) {
+    jqLiteAddNodes(this, jqLiteParseHTML(element));
+  } else if (isFunction(element)) {
+    jqLiteReady(element);
+  } else {
+    jqLiteAddNodes(this, element);
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteClone(element) {
+  return element.cloneNode(true);
+}
+
+function jqLiteDealoc(element, onlyDescendants) {
+  if (!onlyDescendants && jqLiteAcceptsData(element)) jqLite.cleanData([element]);
+
+  if (element.querySelectorAll) {
+    jqLite.cleanData(element.querySelectorAll('*'));
+  }
+}
+
+function isEmptyObject(obj) {
+  var name;
+
+  for (name in obj) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+function removeIfEmptyData(element) {
+  var expandoId = element.ng339;
+  var expandoStore = expandoId && jqCache[expandoId];
+
+  var events = expandoStore && expandoStore.events;
+  var data = expandoStore && expandoStore.data;
+
+  if ((!data || isEmptyObject(data)) && (!events || isEmptyObject(events))) {
+    delete jqCache[expandoId];
+    element.ng339 = undefined; // don't delete DOM expandos. IE and Chrome don't like it
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteOff(element, type, fn, unsupported) {
+  if (isDefined(unsupported)) throw jqLiteMinErr('offargs', 'jqLite#off() does not support the `selector` argument');
+
+  var expandoStore = jqLiteExpandoStore(element);
+  var events = expandoStore && expandoStore.events;
+  var handle = expandoStore && expandoStore.handle;
+
+  if (!handle) return; //no listeners registered
+
+  if (!type) {
+    for (type in events) {
+      if (type !== '$destroy') {
+        element.removeEventListener(type, handle);
+      }
+      delete events[type];
+    }
+  } else {
+
+    var removeHandler = function(type) {
+      var listenerFns = events[type];
+      if (isDefined(fn)) {
+        arrayRemove(listenerFns || [], fn);
+      }
+      if (!(isDefined(fn) && listenerFns && listenerFns.length > 0)) {
+        element.removeEventListener(type, handle);
+        delete events[type];
+      }
+    };
+
+    forEach(type.split(' '), function(type) {
+      removeHandler(type);
+      if (MOUSE_EVENT_MAP[type]) {
+        removeHandler(MOUSE_EVENT_MAP[type]);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  removeIfEmptyData(element);
+}
+
+function jqLiteRemoveData(element, name) {
+  var expandoId = element.ng339;
+  var expandoStore = expandoId && jqCache[expandoId];
+
+  if (expandoStore) {
+    if (name) {
+      delete expandoStore.data[name];
+    } else {
+      expandoStore.data = {};
+    }
+
+    removeIfEmptyData(element);
+  }
+}
+
+
+function jqLiteExpandoStore(element, createIfNecessary) {
+  var expandoId = element.ng339,
+      expandoStore = expandoId && jqCache[expandoId];
+
+  if (createIfNecessary && !expandoStore) {
+    element.ng339 = expandoId = jqNextId();
+    expandoStore = jqCache[expandoId] = {events: {}, data: {}, handle: undefined};
+  }
+
+  return expandoStore;
+}
+
+
+function jqLiteData(element, key, value) {
+  if (jqLiteAcceptsData(element)) {
+    var prop;
+
+    var isSimpleSetter = isDefined(value);
+    var isSimpleGetter = !isSimpleSetter && key && !isObject(key);
+    var massGetter = !key;
+    var expandoStore = jqLiteExpandoStore(element, !isSimpleGetter);
+    var data = expandoStore && expandoStore.data;
+
+    if (isSimpleSetter) { // data('key', value)
+      data[kebabToCamel(key)] = value;
+    } else {
+      if (massGetter) {  // data()
+        return data;
+      } else {
+        if (isSimpleGetter) { // data('key')
+          // don't force creation of expandoStore if it doesn't exist yet
+          return data && data[kebabToCamel(key)];
+        } else { // mass-setter: data({key1: val1, key2: val2})
+          for (prop in key) {
+            data[kebabToCamel(prop)] = key[prop];
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteHasClass(element, selector) {
+  if (!element.getAttribute) return false;
+  return ((' ' + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + ' ').replace(/[\n\t]/g, ' ').
+      indexOf(' ' + selector + ' ') > -1);
+}
+
+function jqLiteRemoveClass(element, cssClasses) {
+  if (cssClasses && element.setAttribute) {
+    var existingClasses = (' ' + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + ' ')
+                            .replace(/[\n\t]/g, ' ');
+    var newClasses = existingClasses;
+
+    forEach(cssClasses.split(' '), function(cssClass) {
+      cssClass = trim(cssClass);
+      newClasses = newClasses.replace(' ' + cssClass + ' ', ' ');
+    });
+
+    if (newClasses !== existingClasses) {
+      element.setAttribute('class', trim(newClasses));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteAddClass(element, cssClasses) {
+  if (cssClasses && element.setAttribute) {
+    var existingClasses = (' ' + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + ' ')
+                            .replace(/[\n\t]/g, ' ');
+    var newClasses = existingClasses;
+
+    forEach(cssClasses.split(' '), function(cssClass) {
+      cssClass = trim(cssClass);
+      if (newClasses.indexOf(' ' + cssClass + ' ') === -1) {
+        newClasses += cssClass + ' ';
+      }
+    });
+
+    if (newClasses !== existingClasses) {
+      element.setAttribute('class', trim(newClasses));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+function jqLiteAddNodes(root, elements) {
+  // THIS CODE IS VERY HOT. Don't make changes without benchmarking.
+
+  if (elements) {
+
+    // if a Node (the most common case)
+    if (elements.nodeType) {
+      root[root.length++] = elements;
+    } else {
+      var length = elements.length;
+
+      // if an Array or NodeList and not a Window
+      if (typeof length === 'number' && elements.window !== elements) {
+        if (length) {
+          for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+            root[root.length++] = elements[i];
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        root[root.length++] = elements;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+function jqLiteController(element, name) {
+  return jqLiteInheritedData(element, '$' + (name || 'ngController') + 'Controller');
+}
+
+function jqLiteInheritedData(element, name, value) {
+  // if element is the document object work with the html element instead
+  // this makes $(document).scope() possible
+  if (element.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT) {
+    element = element.documentElement;
+  }
+  var names = isArray(name) ? name : [name];
+
+  while (element) {
+    for (var i = 0, ii = names.length; i < ii; i++) {
+      if (isDefined(value = jqLite.data(element, names[i]))) return value;
+    }
+
+    // If dealing with a document fragment node with a host element, and no parent, use the host
+    // element as the parent. This enables directives within a Shadow DOM or polyfilled Shadow DOM
+    // to lookup parent controllers.
+    element = element.parentNode || (element.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT && element.host);
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteEmpty(element) {
+  jqLiteDealoc(element, true);
+  while (element.firstChild) {
+    element.removeChild(element.firstChild);
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteRemove(element, keepData) {
+  if (!keepData) jqLiteDealoc(element);
+  var parent = element.parentNode;
+  if (parent) parent.removeChild(element);
+}
+
+
+function jqLiteDocumentLoaded(action, win) {
+  win = win || window;
+  if (win.document.readyState === 'complete') {
+    // Force the action to be run async for consistent behavior
+    // from the action's point of view
+    // i.e. it will definitely not be in a $apply
+    win.setTimeout(action);
+  } else {
+    // No need to unbind this handler as load is only ever called once
+    jqLite(win).on('load', action);
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteReady(fn) {
+  function trigger() {
+    window.document.removeEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', trigger);
+    window.removeEventListener('load', trigger);
+    fn();
+  }
+
+  // check if document is already loaded
+  if (window.document.readyState === 'complete') {
+    window.setTimeout(fn);
+  } else {
+    // We can not use jqLite since we are not done loading and jQuery could be loaded later.
+
+    // Works for modern browsers and IE9
+    window.document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', trigger);
+
+    // Fallback to window.onload for others
+    window.addEventListener('load', trigger);
+  }
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+// Functions which are declared directly.
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+var JQLitePrototype = JQLite.prototype = {
+  ready: jqLiteReady,
+  toString: function() {
+    var value = [];
+    forEach(this, function(e) { value.push('' + e);});
+    return '[' + value.join(', ') + ']';
+  },
+
+  eq: function(index) {
+      return (index >= 0) ? jqLite(this[index]) : jqLite(this[this.length + index]);
+  },
+
+  length: 0,
+  push: push,
+  sort: [].sort,
+  splice: [].splice
+};
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+// Functions iterating getter/setters.
+// these functions return self on setter and
+// value on get.
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+var BOOLEAN_ATTR = {};
+forEach('multiple,selected,checked,disabled,readOnly,required,open'.split(','), function(value) {
+  BOOLEAN_ATTR[lowercase(value)] = value;
+});
+var BOOLEAN_ELEMENTS = {};
+forEach('input,select,option,textarea,button,form,details'.split(','), function(value) {
+  BOOLEAN_ELEMENTS[value] = true;
+});
+var ALIASED_ATTR = {
+  'ngMinlength': 'minlength',
+  'ngMaxlength': 'maxlength',
+  'ngMin': 'min',
+  'ngMax': 'max',
+  'ngPattern': 'pattern',
+  'ngStep': 'step'
+};
+
+function getBooleanAttrName(element, name) {
+  // check dom last since we will most likely fail on name
+  var booleanAttr = BOOLEAN_ATTR[name.toLowerCase()];
+
+  // booleanAttr is here twice to minimize DOM access
+  return booleanAttr && BOOLEAN_ELEMENTS[nodeName_(element)] && booleanAttr;
+}
+
+function getAliasedAttrName(name) {
+  return ALIASED_ATTR[name];
+}
+
+forEach({
+  data: jqLiteData,
+  removeData: jqLiteRemoveData,
+  hasData: jqLiteHasData,
+  cleanData: function jqLiteCleanData(nodes) {
+    for (var i = 0, ii = nodes.length; i < ii; i++) {
+      jqLiteRemoveData(nodes[i]);
+      jqLiteOff(nodes[i]);
+    }
+  }
+}, function(fn, name) {
+  JQLite[name] = fn;
+});
+
+forEach({
+  data: jqLiteData,
+  inheritedData: jqLiteInheritedData,
+
+  scope: function(element) {
+    // Can't use jqLiteData here directly so we stay compatible with jQuery!
+    return jqLite.data(element, '$scope') || jqLiteInheritedData(element.parentNode || element, ['$isolateScope', '$scope']);
+  },
+
+  isolateScope: function(element) {
+    // Can't use jqLiteData here directly so we stay compatible with jQuery!
+    return jqLite.data(element, '$isolateScope') || jqLite.data(element, '$isolateScopeNoTemplate');
+  },
+
+  controller: jqLiteController,
+
+  injector: function(element) {
+    return jqLiteInheritedData(element, '$injector');
+  },
+
+  removeAttr: function(element, name) {
+    element.removeAttribute(name);
+  },
+
+  hasClass: jqLiteHasClass,
+
+  css: function(element, name, value) {
+    name = cssKebabToCamel(name);
+
+    if (isDefined(value)) {
+      element.style[name] = value;
+    } else {
+      return element.style[name];
+    }
+  },
+
+  attr: function(element, name, value) {
+    var ret;
+    var nodeType = element.nodeType;
+    if (nodeType === NODE_TYPE_TEXT || nodeType === NODE_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE || nodeType === NODE_TYPE_COMMENT ||
+      !element.getAttribute) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    var lowercasedName = lowercase(name);
+    var isBooleanAttr = BOOLEAN_ATTR[lowercasedName];
+
+    if (isDefined(value)) {
+      // setter
+
+      if (value === null || (value === false && isBooleanAttr)) {
+        element.removeAttribute(name);
+      } else {
+        element.setAttribute(name, isBooleanAttr ? lowercasedName : value);
+      }
+    } else {
+      // getter
+
+      ret = element.getAttribute(name);
+
+      if (isBooleanAttr && ret !== null) {
+        ret = lowercasedName;
+      }
+      // Normalize non-existing attributes to undefined (as jQuery).
+      return ret === null ? undefined : ret;
+    }
+  },
+
+  prop: function(element, name, value) {
+    if (isDefined(value)) {
+      element[name] = value;
+    } else {
+      return element[name];
+    }
+  },
+
+  text: (function() {
+    getText.$dv = '';
+    return getText;
+
+    function getText(element, value) {
+      if (isUndefined(value)) {
+        var nodeType = element.nodeType;
+        return (nodeType === NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT || nodeType === NODE_TYPE_TEXT) ? element.textContent : '';
+      }
+      element.textContent = value;
+    }
+  })(),
+
+  val: function(element, value) {
+    if (isUndefined(value)) {
+      if (element.multiple && nodeName_(element) === 'select') {
+        var result = [];
+        forEach(element.options, function(option) {
+          if (option.selected) {
+            result.push(option.value || option.text);
+          }
+        });
+        return result;
+      }
+      return element.value;
+    }
+    element.value = value;
+  },
+
+  html: function(element, value) {
+    if (isUndefined(value)) {
+      return element.innerHTML;
+    }
+    jqLiteDealoc(element, true);
+    element.innerHTML = value;
+  },
+
+  empty: jqLiteEmpty
+}, function(fn, name) {
+  /**
+   * Properties: writes return selection, reads return first value
+   */
+  JQLite.prototype[name] = function(arg1, arg2) {
+    var i, key;
+    var nodeCount = this.length;
+
+    // jqLiteHasClass has only two arguments, but is a getter-only fn, so we need to special-case it
+    // in a way that survives minification.
+    // jqLiteEmpty takes no arguments but is a setter.
+    if (fn !== jqLiteEmpty &&
+        (isUndefined((fn.length === 2 && (fn !== jqLiteHasClass && fn !== jqLiteController)) ? arg1 : arg2))) {
+      if (isObject(arg1)) {
+
+        // we are a write, but the object properties are the key/values
+        for (i = 0; i < nodeCount; i++) {
+          if (fn === jqLiteData) {
+            // data() takes the whole object in jQuery
+            fn(this[i], arg1);
+          } else {
+            for (key in arg1) {
+              fn(this[i], key, arg1[key]);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        // return self for chaining
+        return this;
+      } else {
+        // we are a read, so read the first child.
+        // TODO: do we still need this?
+        var value = fn.$dv;
+        // Only if we have $dv do we iterate over all, otherwise it is just the first element.
+        var jj = (isUndefined(value)) ? Math.min(nodeCount, 1) : nodeCount;
+        for (var j = 0; j < jj; j++) {
+          var nodeValue = fn(this[j], arg1, arg2);
+          value = value ? value + nodeValue : nodeValue;
+        }
+        return value;
+      }
+    } else {
+      // we are a write, so apply to all children
+      for (i = 0; i < nodeCount; i++) {
+        fn(this[i], arg1, arg2);
+      }
+      // return self for chaining
+      return this;
+    }
+  };
+});
+
+function createEventHandler(element, events) {
+  var eventHandler = function(event, type) {
+    // jQuery specific api
+    event.isDefaultPrevented = function() {
+      return event.defaultPrevented;
+    };
+
+    var eventFns = events[type || event.type];
+    var eventFnsLength = eventFns ? eventFns.length : 0;
+
+    if (!eventFnsLength) return;
+
+    if (isUndefined(event.immediatePropagationStopped)) {
+      var originalStopImmediatePropagation = event.stopImmediatePropagation;
+      event.stopImmediatePropagation = function() {
+        event.immediatePropagationStopped = true;
+
+        if (event.stopPropagation) {
+          event.stopPropagation();
+        }
+
+        if (originalStopImmediatePropagation) {
+          originalStopImmediatePropagation.call(event);
+        }
+      };
+    }
+
+    event.isImmediatePropagationStopped = function() {
+      return event.immediatePropagationStopped === true;
+    };
+
+    // Some events have special handlers that wrap the real handler
+    var handlerWrapper = eventFns.specialHandlerWrapper || defaultHandlerWrapper;
+
+    // Copy event handlers in case event handlers array is modified during execution.
+    if ((eventFnsLength > 1)) {
+      eventFns = shallowCopy(eventFns);
+    }
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < eventFnsLength; i++) {
+      if (!event.isImmediatePropagationStopped()) {
+        handlerWrapper(element, event, eventFns[i]);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  // TODO: this is a hack for angularMocks/clearDataCache that makes it possible to deregister all
+  //       events on `element`
+  eventHandler.elem = element;
+  return eventHandler;
+}
+
+function defaultHandlerWrapper(element, event, handler) {
+  handler.call(element, event);
+}
+
+function specialMouseHandlerWrapper(target, event, handler) {
+  // Refer to jQuery's implementation of mouseenter & mouseleave
+  // Read about mouseenter and mouseleave:
+  // http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_mouse.html#link8
+  var related = event.relatedTarget;
+  // For mousenter/leave call the handler if related is outside the target.
+  // NB: No relatedTarget if the mouse left/entered the browser window
+  if (!related || (related !== target && !jqLiteContains.call(target, related))) {
+    handler.call(target, event);
+  }
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+// Functions iterating traversal.
+// These functions chain results into a single
+// selector.
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+forEach({
+  removeData: jqLiteRemoveData,
+
+  on: function jqLiteOn(element, type, fn, unsupported) {
+    if (isDefined(unsupported)) throw jqLiteMinErr('onargs', 'jqLite#on() does not support the `selector` or `eventData` parameters');
+
+    // Do not add event handlers to non-elements because they will not be cleaned up.
+    if (!jqLiteAcceptsData(element)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    var expandoStore = jqLiteExpandoStore(element, true);
+    var events = expandoStore.events;
+    var handle = expandoStore.handle;
+
+    if (!handle) {
+      handle = expandoStore.handle = createEventHandler(element, events);
+    }
+
+    // http://jsperf.com/string-indexof-vs-split
+    var types = type.indexOf(' ') >= 0 ? type.split(' ') : [type];
+    var i = types.length;
+
+    var addHandler = function(type, specialHandlerWrapper, noEventListener) {
+      var eventFns = events[type];
+
+      if (!eventFns) {
+        eventFns = events[type] = [];
+        eventFns.specialHandlerWrapper = specialHandlerWrapper;
+        if (type !== '$destroy' && !noEventListener) {
+          element.addEventListener(type, handle);
+        }
+      }
+
+      eventFns.push(fn);
+    };
+
+    while (i--) {
+      type = types[i];
+      if (MOUSE_EVENT_MAP[type]) {
+        addHandler(MOUSE_EVENT_MAP[type], specialMouseHandlerWrapper);
+        addHandler(type, undefined, true);
+      } else {
+        addHandler(type);
+      }
+    }
+  },
+
+  off: jqLiteOff,
+
+  one: function(element, type, fn) {
+    element = jqLite(element);
+
+    //add the listener twice so that when it is called
+    //you can remove the original function and still be
+    //able to call element.off(ev, fn) normally
+    element.on(type, function onFn() {
+      element.off(type, fn);
+      element.off(type, onFn);
+    });
+    element.on(type, fn);
+  },
+
+  replaceWith: function(element, replaceNode) {
+    var index, parent = element.parentNode;
+    jqLiteDealoc(element);
+    forEach(new JQLite(replaceNode), function(node) {
+      if (index) {
+        parent.insertBefore(node, index.nextSibling);
+      } else {
+        parent.replaceChild(node, element);
+      }
+      index = node;
+    });
+  },
+
+  children: function(element) {
+    var children = [];
+    forEach(element.childNodes, function(element) {
+      if (element.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT) {
+        children.push(element);
+      }
+    });
+    return children;
+  },
+
+  contents: function(element) {
+    return element.contentDocument || element.childNodes || [];
+  },
+
+  append: function(element, node) {
+    var nodeType = element.nodeType;
+    if (nodeType !== NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT && nodeType !== NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT) return;
+
+    node = new JQLite(node);
+
+    for (var i = 0, ii = node.length; i < ii; i++) {
+      var child = node[i];
+      element.appendChild(child);
+    }
+  },
+
+  prepend: function(element, node) {
+    if (element.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT) {
+      var index = element.firstChild;
+      forEach(new JQLite(node), function(child) {
+        element.insertBefore(child, index);
+      });
+    }
+  },
+
+  wrap: function(element, wrapNode) {
+    jqLiteWrapNode(element, jqLite(wrapNode).eq(0).clone()[0]);
+  },
+
+  remove: jqLiteRemove,
+
+  detach: function(element) {
+    jqLiteRemove(element, true);
+  },
+
+  after: function(element, newElement) {
+    var index = element, parent = element.parentNode;
+
+    if (parent) {
+      newElement = new JQLite(newElement);
+
+      for (var i = 0, ii = newElement.length; i < ii; i++) {
+        var node = newElement[i];
+        parent.insertBefore(node, index.nextSibling);
+        index = node;
+      }
+    }
+  },
+
+  addClass: jqLiteAddClass,
+  removeClass: jqLiteRemoveClass,
+
+  toggleClass: function(element, selector, condition) {
+    if (selector) {
+      forEach(selector.split(' '), function(className) {
+        var classCondition = condition;
+        if (isUndefined(classCondition)) {
+          classCondition = !jqLiteHasClass(element, className);
+        }
+        (classCondition ? jqLiteAddClass : jqLiteRemoveClass)(element, className);
+      });
+    }
+  },
+
+  parent: function(element) {
+    var parent = element.parentNode;
+    return parent && parent.nodeType !== NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT ? parent : null;
+  },
+
+  next: function(element) {
+    return element.nextElementSibling;
+  },
+
+  find: function(element, selector) {
+    if (element.getElementsByTagName) {
+      return element.getElementsByTagName(selector);
+    } else {
+      return [];
+    }
+  },
+
+  clone: jqLiteClone,
+
+  triggerHandler: function(element, event, extraParameters) {
+
+    var dummyEvent, eventFnsCopy, handlerArgs;
+    var eventName = event.type || event;
+    var expandoStore = jqLiteExpandoStore(element);
+    var events = expandoStore && expandoStore.events;
+    var eventFns = events && events[eventName];
+
+    if (eventFns) {
+      // Create a dummy event to pass to the handlers
+      dummyEvent = {
+        preventDefault: function() { this.defaultPrevented = true; },
+        isDefaultPrevented: function() { return this.defaultPrevented === true; },
+        stopImmediatePropagation: function() { this.immediatePropagationStopped = true; },
+        isImmediatePropagationStopped: function() { return this.immediatePropagationStopped === true; },
+        stopPropagation: noop,
+        type: eventName,
+        target: element
+      };
+
+      // If a custom event was provided then extend our dummy event with it
+      if (event.type) {
+        dummyEvent = extend(dummyEvent, event);
+      }
+
+      // Copy event handlers in case event handlers array is modified during execution.
+      eventFnsCopy = shallowCopy(eventFns);
+      handlerArgs = extraParameters ? [dummyEvent].concat(extraParameters) : [dummyEvent];
+
+      forEach(eventFnsCopy, function(fn) {
+        if (!dummyEvent.isImmediatePropagationStopped()) {
+          fn.apply(element, handlerArgs);
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  }
+}, function(fn, name) {
+  /**
+   * chaining functions
+   */
+  JQLite.prototype[name] = function(arg1, arg2, arg3) {
+    var value;
+
+    for (var i = 0, ii = this.length; i < ii; i++) {
+      if (isUndefined(value)) {
+        value = fn(this[i], arg1, arg2, arg3);
+        if (isDefined(value)) {
+          // any function which returns a value needs to be wrapped
+          value = jqLite(value);
+        }
+      } else {
+        jqLiteAddNodes(value, fn(this[i], arg1, arg2, arg3));
+      }
+    }
+    return isDefined(value) ? value : this;
+  };
+});
+
+// bind legacy bind/unbind to on/off
+JQLite.prototype.bind = JQLite.prototype.on;
+JQLite.prototype.unbind = JQLite.prototype.off;
+
+
+// Provider for private $$jqLite service
+/** @this */
+function $$jqLiteProvider() {
+  this.$get = function $$jqLite() {
+    return extend(JQLite, {
+      hasClass: function(node, classes) {
+        if (node.attr) node = node[0];
+        return jqLiteHasClass(node, classes);
+      },
+      addClass: function(node, classes) {
+        if (node.attr) node = node[0];
+        return jqLiteAddClass(node, classes);
+      },
+      removeClass: function(node, classes) {
+        if (node.attr) node = node[0];
+        return jqLiteRemoveClass(node, classes);
+      }
+    });
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Computes a hash of an 'obj'.
+ * Hash of a:
+ *  string is string
+ *  number is number as string
+ *  object is either result of calling $$hashKey function on the object or uniquely generated id,
+ *         that is also assigned to the $$hashKey property of the object.
+ *
+ * @param obj
+ * @returns {string} hash string such that the same input will have the same hash string.
+ *         The resulting string key is in 'type:hashKey' format.
+ */
+function hashKey(obj, nextUidFn) {
+  var key = obj && obj.$$hashKey;
+
+  if (key) {
+    if (typeof key === 'function') {
+      key = obj.$$hashKey();
+    }
+    return key;
+  }
+
+  var objType = typeof obj;
+  if (objType === 'function' || (objType === 'object' && obj !== null)) {
+    key = obj.$$hashKey = objType + ':' + (nextUidFn || nextUid)();
+  } else {
+    key = objType + ':' + obj;
+  }
+
+  return key;
+}
+
+// A minimal ES2015 Map implementation.
+// Should be bug/feature equivalent to the native implementations of supported browsers
+// (for the features required in Angular).
+// See https://kangax.github.io/compat-table/es6/#test-Map
+var nanKey = Object.create(null);
+function NgMapShim() {
+  this._keys = [];
+  this._values = [];
+  this._lastKey = NaN;
+  this._lastIndex = -1;
+}
+NgMapShim.prototype = {
+  _idx: function(key) {
+    if (key !== this._lastKey) {
+      this._lastKey = key;
+      this._lastIndex = this._keys.indexOf(key);
+    }
+    return this._lastIndex;
+  },
+  _transformKey: function(key) {
+    return isNumberNaN(key) ? nanKey : key;
+  },
+  get: function(key) {
+    key = this._transformKey(key);
+    var idx = this._idx(key);
+    if (idx !== -1) {
+      return this._values[idx];
+    }
+  },
+  has: function(key) {
+    key = this._transformKey(key);
+    var idx = this._idx(key);
+    return idx !== -1;
+  },
+  set: function(key, value) {
+    key = this._transformKey(key);
+    var idx = this._idx(key);
+    if (idx === -1) {
+      idx = this._lastIndex = this._keys.length;
+    }
+    this._keys[idx] = key;
+    this._values[idx] = value;
+
+    // Support: IE11
+    // Do not `return this` to simulate the partial IE11 implementation
+  },
+  delete: function(key) {
+    key = this._transformKey(key);
+    var idx = this._idx(key);
+    if (idx === -1) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    this._keys.splice(idx, 1);
+    this._values.splice(idx, 1);
+    this._lastKey = NaN;
+    this._lastIndex = -1;
+    return true;
+  }
+};
+
+// For now, always use `NgMapShim`, even if `window.Map` is available. Some native implementations
+// are still buggy (often in subtle ways) and can cause hard-to-debug failures. When native `Map`
+// implementations get more stable, we can reconsider switching to `window.Map` (when available).
+var NgMap = NgMapShim;
+
+var $$MapProvider = [/** @this */function() {
+  this.$get = [function() {
+    return NgMap;
+  }];
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @module ng
+ * @name angular.injector
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Creates an injector object that can be used for retrieving services as well as for
+ * dependency injection (see {@link guide/di dependency injection}).
+ *
+ * @param {Array.<string|Function>} modules A list of module functions or their aliases. See
+ *     {@link angular.module}. The `ng` module must be explicitly added.
+ * @param {boolean=} [strictDi=false] Whether the injector should be in strict mode, which
+ *     disallows argument name annotation inference.
+ * @returns {injector} Injector object. See {@link auto.$injector $injector}.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Typical usage
+ * ```js
+ *   // create an injector
+ *   var $injector = angular.injector(['ng']);
+ *
+ *   // use the injector to kick off your application
+ *   // use the type inference to auto inject arguments, or use implicit injection
+ *   $injector.invoke(function($rootScope, $compile, $document) {
+ *     $compile($document)($rootScope);
+ *     $rootScope.$digest();
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Sometimes you want to get access to the injector of a currently running AngularJS app
+ * from outside AngularJS. Perhaps, you want to inject and compile some markup after the
+ * application has been bootstrapped. You can do this using the extra `injector()` added
+ * to JQuery/jqLite elements. See {@link angular.element}.
+ *
+ * *This is fairly rare but could be the case if a third party library is injecting the
+ * markup.*
+ *
+ * In the following example a new block of HTML containing a `ng-controller`
+ * directive is added to the end of the document body by JQuery. We then compile and link
+ * it into the current AngularJS scope.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * var $div = $('<div ng-controller="MyCtrl">{{content.label}}</div>');
+ * $(document.body).append($div);
+ *
+ * angular.element(document).injector().invoke(function($compile) {
+ *   var scope = angular.element($div).scope();
+ *   $compile($div)(scope);
+ * });
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc module
+ * @name auto
+ * @installation
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Implicit module which gets automatically added to each {@link auto.$injector $injector}.
+ */
+
+var ARROW_ARG = /^([^(]+?)=>/;
+var FN_ARGS = /^[^(]*\(\s*([^)]*)\)/m;
+var FN_ARG_SPLIT = /,/;
+var FN_ARG = /^\s*(_?)(\S+?)\1\s*$/;
+var STRIP_COMMENTS = /((\/\/.*$)|(\/\*[\s\S]*?\*\/))/mg;
+var $injectorMinErr = minErr('$injector');
+
+function stringifyFn(fn) {
+  return Function.prototype.toString.call(fn);
+}
+
+function extractArgs(fn) {
+  var fnText = stringifyFn(fn).replace(STRIP_COMMENTS, ''),
+      args = fnText.match(ARROW_ARG) || fnText.match(FN_ARGS);
+  return args;
+}
+
+function anonFn(fn) {
+  // For anonymous functions, showing at the very least the function signature can help in
+  // debugging.
+  var args = extractArgs(fn);
+  if (args) {
+    return 'function(' + (args[1] || '').replace(/[\s\r\n]+/, ' ') + ')';
+  }
+  return 'fn';
+}
+
+function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
+  var $inject,
+      argDecl,
+      last;
+
+  if (typeof fn === 'function') {
+    if (!($inject = fn.$inject)) {
+      $inject = [];
+      if (fn.length) {
+        if (strictDi) {
+          if (!isString(name) || !name) {
+            name = fn.name || anonFn(fn);
+          }
+          throw $injectorMinErr('strictdi',
+            '{0} is not using explicit annotation and cannot be invoked in strict mode', name);
+        }
+        argDecl = extractArgs(fn);
+        forEach(argDecl[1].split(FN_ARG_SPLIT), function(arg) {
+          arg.replace(FN_ARG, function(all, underscore, name) {
+            $inject.push(name);
+          });
+        });
+      }
+      fn.$inject = $inject;
+    }
+  } else if (isArray(fn)) {
+    last = fn.length - 1;
+    assertArgFn(fn[last], 'fn');
+    $inject = fn.slice(0, last);
+  } else {
+    assertArgFn(fn, 'fn', true);
+  }
+  return $inject;
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $injector
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * `$injector` is used to retrieve object instances as defined by
+ * {@link auto.$provide provider}, instantiate types, invoke methods,
+ * and load modules.
+ *
+ * The following always holds true:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   var $injector = angular.injector();
+ *   expect($injector.get('$injector')).toBe($injector);
+ *   expect($injector.invoke(function($injector) {
+ *     return $injector;
+ *   })).toBe($injector);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * ## Injection Function Annotation
+ *
+ * JavaScript does not have annotations, and annotations are needed for dependency injection. The
+ * following are all valid ways of annotating function with injection arguments and are equivalent.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   // inferred (only works if code not minified/obfuscated)
+ *   $injector.invoke(function(serviceA){});
+ *
+ *   // annotated
+ *   function explicit(serviceA) {};
+ *   explicit.$inject = ['serviceA'];
+ *   $injector.invoke(explicit);
+ *
+ *   // inline
+ *   $injector.invoke(['serviceA', function(serviceA){}]);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * ### Inference
+ *
+ * In JavaScript calling `toString()` on a function returns the function definition. The definition
+ * can then be parsed and the function arguments can be extracted. This method of discovering
+ * annotations is disallowed when the injector is in strict mode.
+ * *NOTE:* This does not work with minification, and obfuscation tools since these tools change the
+ * argument names.
+ *
+ * ### `$inject` Annotation
+ * By adding an `$inject` property onto a function the injection parameters can be specified.
+ *
+ * ### Inline
+ * As an array of injection names, where the last item in the array is the function to call.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc property
+ * @name $injector#modules
+ * @type {Object}
+ * @description
+ * A hash containing all the modules that have been loaded into the
+ * $injector.
+ *
+ * You can use this property to find out information about a module via the
+ * {@link angular.Module#info `myModule.info(...)`} method.
+ *
+ * For example:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * var info = $injector.modules['ngAnimate'].info();
+ * ```
+ *
+ * **Do not use this property to attempt to modify the modules after the application
+ * has been bootstrapped.**
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $injector#get
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Return an instance of the service.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the instance to retrieve.
+ * @param {string=} caller An optional string to provide the origin of the function call for error messages.
+ * @return {*} The instance.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $injector#invoke
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Invoke the method and supply the method arguments from the `$injector`.
+ *
+ * @param {Function|Array.<string|Function>} fn The injectable function to invoke. Function parameters are
+ *   injected according to the {@link guide/di $inject Annotation} rules.
+ * @param {Object=} self The `this` for the invoked method.
+ * @param {Object=} locals Optional object. If preset then any argument names are read from this
+ *                         object first, before the `$injector` is consulted.
+ * @returns {*} the value returned by the invoked `fn` function.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $injector#has
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Allows the user to query if the particular service exists.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name Name of the service to query.
+ * @returns {boolean} `true` if injector has given service.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $injector#instantiate
+ * @description
+ * Create a new instance of JS type. The method takes a constructor function, invokes the new
+ * operator, and supplies all of the arguments to the constructor function as specified by the
+ * constructor annotation.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} Type Annotated constructor function.
+ * @param {Object=} locals Optional object. If preset then any argument names are read from this
+ * object first, before the `$injector` is consulted.
+ * @returns {Object} new instance of `Type`.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $injector#annotate
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Returns an array of service names which the function is requesting for injection. This API is
+ * used by the injector to determine which services need to be injected into the function when the
+ * function is invoked. There are three ways in which the function can be annotated with the needed
+ * dependencies.
+ *
+ * #### Argument names
+ *
+ * The simplest form is to extract the dependencies from the arguments of the function. This is done
+ * by converting the function into a string using `toString()` method and extracting the argument
+ * names.
+ * ```js
+ *   // Given
+ *   function MyController($scope, $route) {
+ *     // ...
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   // Then
+ *   expect(injector.annotate(MyController)).toEqual(['$scope', '$route']);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * You can disallow this method by using strict injection mode.
+ *
+ * This method does not work with code minification / obfuscation. For this reason the following
+ * annotation strategies are supported.
+ *
+ * #### The `$inject` property
+ *
+ * If a function has an `$inject` property and its value is an array of strings, then the strings
+ * represent names of services to be injected into the function.
+ * ```js
+ *   // Given
+ *   var MyController = function(obfuscatedScope, obfuscatedRoute) {
+ *     // ...
+ *   }
+ *   // Define function dependencies
+ *   MyController['$inject'] = ['$scope', '$route'];
+ *
+ *   // Then
+ *   expect(injector.annotate(MyController)).toEqual(['$scope', '$route']);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * #### The array notation
+ *
+ * It is often desirable to inline Injected functions and that's when setting the `$inject` property
+ * is very inconvenient. In these situations using the array notation to specify the dependencies in
+ * a way that survives minification is a better choice:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   // We wish to write this (not minification / obfuscation safe)
+ *   injector.invoke(function($compile, $rootScope) {
+ *     // ...
+ *   });
+ *
+ *   // We are forced to write break inlining
+ *   var tmpFn = function(obfuscatedCompile, obfuscatedRootScope) {
+ *     // ...
+ *   };
+ *   tmpFn.$inject = ['$compile', '$rootScope'];
+ *   injector.invoke(tmpFn);
+ *
+ *   // To better support inline function the inline annotation is supported
+ *   injector.invoke(['$compile', '$rootScope', function(obfCompile, obfRootScope) {
+ *     // ...
+ *   }]);
+ *
+ *   // Therefore
+ *   expect(injector.annotate(
+ *      ['$compile', '$rootScope', function(obfus_$compile, obfus_$rootScope) {}])
+ *    ).toEqual(['$compile', '$rootScope']);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {Function|Array.<string|Function>} fn Function for which dependent service names need to
+ * be retrieved as described above.
+ *
+ * @param {boolean=} [strictDi=false] Disallow argument name annotation inference.
+ *
+ * @returns {Array.<string>} The names of the services which the function requires.
+ */
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $injector#loadNewModules
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * **This is a dangerous API, which you use at your own risk!**
+ *
+ * Add the specified modules to the current injector.
+ *
+ * This method will add each of the injectables to the injector and execute all of the config and run
+ * blocks for each module passed to the method.
+ *
+ * If a module has already been loaded into the injector then it will not be loaded again.
+ *
+ * * The application developer is responsible for loading the code containing the modules; and for
+ * ensuring that lazy scripts are not downloaded and executed more often that desired.
+ * * Previously compiled HTML will not be affected by newly loaded directives, filters and components.
+ * * Modules cannot be unloaded.
+ *
+ * You can use {@link $injector#modules `$injector.modules`} to check whether a module has been loaded
+ * into the injector, which may indicate whether the script has been executed already.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here is an example of loading a bundle of modules, with a utility method called `getScript`:
+ *
+ * ```javascript
+ * app.factory('loadModule', function($injector) {
+ *   return function loadModule(moduleName, bundleUrl) {
+ *     return getScript(bundleUrl).then(function() { $injector.loadNewModules([moduleName]); });
+ *   };
+ * })
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {Array<String|Function|Array>=} mods an array of modules to load into the application.
+ *     Each item in the array should be the name of a predefined module or a (DI annotated)
+ *     function that will be invoked by the injector as a `config` block.
+ *     See: {@link angular.module modules}
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $provide
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * The {@link auto.$provide $provide} service has a number of methods for registering components
+ * with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}. Many of these functions are also exposed on
+ * {@link angular.Module}.
+ *
+ * An AngularJS **service** is a singleton object created by a **service factory**.  These **service
+ * factories** are functions which, in turn, are created by a **service provider**.
+ * The **service providers** are constructor functions. When instantiated they must contain a
+ * property called `$get`, which holds the **service factory** function.
+ *
+ * When you request a service, the {@link auto.$injector $injector} is responsible for finding the
+ * correct **service provider**, instantiating it and then calling its `$get` **service factory**
+ * function to get the instance of the **service**.
+ *
+ * Often services have no configuration options and there is no need to add methods to the service
+ * provider.  The provider will be no more than a constructor function with a `$get` property. For
+ * these cases the {@link auto.$provide $provide} service has additional helper methods to register
+ * services without specifying a provider.
+ *
+ * * {@link auto.$provide#provider provider(name, provider)} - registers a **service provider** with the
+ *     {@link auto.$injector $injector}
+ * * {@link auto.$provide#constant constant(name, obj)} - registers a value/object that can be accessed by
+ *     providers and services.
+ * * {@link auto.$provide#value value(name, obj)} - registers a value/object that can only be accessed by
+ *     services, not providers.
+ * * {@link auto.$provide#factory factory(name, fn)} - registers a service **factory function**
+ *     that will be wrapped in a **service provider** object, whose `$get` property will contain the
+ *     given factory function.
+ * * {@link auto.$provide#service service(name, Fn)} - registers a **constructor function**
+ *     that will be wrapped in a **service provider** object, whose `$get` property will instantiate
+ *      a new object using the given constructor function.
+ * * {@link auto.$provide#decorator decorator(name, decorFn)} - registers a **decorator function** that
+ *      will be able to modify or replace the implementation of another service.
+ *
+ * See the individual methods for more information and examples.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $provide#provider
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Register a **provider function** with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}. Provider functions
+ * are constructor functions, whose instances are responsible for "providing" a factory for a
+ * service.
+ *
+ * Service provider names start with the name of the service they provide followed by `Provider`.
+ * For example, the {@link ng.$log $log} service has a provider called
+ * {@link ng.$logProvider $logProvider}.
+ *
+ * Service provider objects can have additional methods which allow configuration of the provider
+ * and its service. Importantly, you can configure what kind of service is created by the `$get`
+ * method, or how that service will act. For example, the {@link ng.$logProvider $logProvider} has a
+ * method {@link ng.$logProvider#debugEnabled debugEnabled}
+ * which lets you specify whether the {@link ng.$log $log} service will log debug messages to the
+ * console or not.
+ *
+ * It is possible to inject other providers into the provider function,
+ * but the injected provider must have been defined before the one that requires it.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the instance. NOTE: the provider will be available under `name +
+                        'Provider'` key.
+ * @param {(Object|function())} provider If the provider is:
+ *
+ *   - `Object`: then it should have a `$get` method. The `$get` method will be invoked using
+ *     {@link auto.$injector#invoke $injector.invoke()} when an instance needs to be created.
+ *   - `Constructor`: a new instance of the provider will be created using
+ *     {@link auto.$injector#instantiate $injector.instantiate()}, then treated as `object`.
+ *
+ * @returns {Object} registered provider instance
+
+ * @example
+ *
+ * The following example shows how to create a simple event tracking service and register it using
+ * {@link auto.$provide#provider $provide.provider()}.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *  // Define the eventTracker provider
+ *  function EventTrackerProvider() {
+ *    var trackingUrl = '/track';
+ *
+ *    // A provider method for configuring where the tracked events should been saved
+ *    this.setTrackingUrl = function(url) {
+ *      trackingUrl = url;
+ *    };
+ *
+ *    // The service factory function
+ *    this.$get = ['$http', function($http) {
+ *      var trackedEvents = {};
+ *      return {
+ *        // Call this to track an event
+ *        event: function(event) {
+ *          var count = trackedEvents[event] || 0;
+ *          count += 1;
+ *          trackedEvents[event] = count;
+ *          return count;
+ *        },
+ *        // Call this to save the tracked events to the trackingUrl
+ *        save: function() {
+ *          $http.post(trackingUrl, trackedEvents);
+ *        }
+ *      };
+ *    }];
+ *  }
+ *
+ *  describe('eventTracker', function() {
+ *    var postSpy;
+ *
+ *    beforeEach(module(function($provide) {
+ *      // Register the eventTracker provider
+ *      $provide.provider('eventTracker', EventTrackerProvider);
+ *    }));
+ *
+ *    beforeEach(module(function(eventTrackerProvider) {
+ *      // Configure eventTracker provider
+ *      eventTrackerProvider.setTrackingUrl('/custom-track');
+ *    }));
+ *
+ *    it('tracks events', inject(function(eventTracker) {
+ *      expect(eventTracker.event('login')).toEqual(1);
+ *      expect(eventTracker.event('login')).toEqual(2);
+ *    }));
+ *
+ *    it('saves to the tracking url', inject(function(eventTracker, $http) {
+ *      postSpy = spyOn($http, 'post');
+ *      eventTracker.event('login');
+ *      eventTracker.save();
+ *      expect(postSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+ *      expect(postSpy.mostRecentCall.args[0]).not.toEqual('/track');
+ *      expect(postSpy.mostRecentCall.args[0]).toEqual('/custom-track');
+ *      expect(postSpy.mostRecentCall.args[1]).toEqual({ 'login': 1 });
+ *    }));
+ *  });
+ * ```
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $provide#factory
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Register a **service factory**, which will be called to return the service instance.
+ * This is short for registering a service where its provider consists of only a `$get` property,
+ * which is the given service factory function.
+ * You should use {@link auto.$provide#factory $provide.factory(getFn)} if you do not need to
+ * configure your service in a provider.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the instance.
+ * @param {Function|Array.<string|Function>} $getFn The injectable $getFn for the instance creation.
+ *                      Internally this is a short hand for `$provide.provider(name, {$get: $getFn})`.
+ * @returns {Object} registered provider instance
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here is an example of registering a service
+ * ```js
+ *   $provide.factory('ping', ['$http', function($http) {
+ *     return function ping() {
+ *       return $http.send('/ping');
+ *     };
+ *   }]);
+ * ```
+ * You would then inject and use this service like this:
+ * ```js
+ *   someModule.controller('Ctrl', ['ping', function(ping) {
+ *     ping();
+ *   }]);
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $provide#service
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Register a **service constructor**, which will be invoked with `new` to create the service
+ * instance.
+ * This is short for registering a service where its provider's `$get` property is a factory
+ * function that returns an instance instantiated by the injector from the service constructor
+ * function.
+ *
+ * Internally it looks a bit like this:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * {
+ *   $get: function() {
+ *     return $injector.instantiate(constructor);
+ *   }
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ *
+ * You should use {@link auto.$provide#service $provide.service(class)} if you define your service
+ * as a type/class.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the instance.
+ * @param {Function|Array.<string|Function>} constructor An injectable class (constructor function)
+ *     that will be instantiated.
+ * @returns {Object} registered provider instance
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here is an example of registering a service using
+ * {@link auto.$provide#service $provide.service(class)}.
+ * ```js
+ *   var Ping = function($http) {
+ *     this.$http = $http;
+ *   };
+ *
+ *   Ping.$inject = ['$http'];
+ *
+ *   Ping.prototype.send = function() {
+ *     return this.$http.get('/ping');
+ *   };
+ *   $provide.service('ping', Ping);
+ * ```
+ * You would then inject and use this service like this:
+ * ```js
+ *   someModule.controller('Ctrl', ['ping', function(ping) {
+ *     ping.send();
+ *   }]);
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $provide#value
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Register a **value service** with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}, such as a string, a
+ * number, an array, an object or a function. This is short for registering a service where its
+ * provider's `$get` property is a factory function that takes no arguments and returns the **value
+ * service**. That also means it is not possible to inject other services into a value service.
+ *
+ * Value services are similar to constant services, except that they cannot be injected into a
+ * module configuration function (see {@link angular.Module#config}) but they can be overridden by
+ * an AngularJS {@link auto.$provide#decorator decorator}.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the instance.
+ * @param {*} value The value.
+ * @returns {Object} registered provider instance
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here are some examples of creating value services.
+ * ```js
+ *   $provide.value('ADMIN_USER', 'admin');
+ *
+ *   $provide.value('RoleLookup', { admin: 0, writer: 1, reader: 2 });
+ *
+ *   $provide.value('halfOf', function(value) {
+ *     return value / 2;
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $provide#constant
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Register a **constant service** with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}, such as a string,
+ * a number, an array, an object or a function. Like the {@link auto.$provide#value value}, it is not
+ * possible to inject other services into a constant.
+ *
+ * But unlike {@link auto.$provide#value value}, a constant can be
+ * injected into a module configuration function (see {@link angular.Module#config}) and it cannot
+ * be overridden by an AngularJS {@link auto.$provide#decorator decorator}.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the constant.
+ * @param {*} value The constant value.
+ * @returns {Object} registered instance
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here a some examples of creating constants:
+ * ```js
+ *   $provide.constant('SHARD_HEIGHT', 306);
+ *
+ *   $provide.constant('MY_COLOURS', ['red', 'blue', 'grey']);
+ *
+ *   $provide.constant('double', function(value) {
+ *     return value * 2;
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $provide#decorator
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Register a **decorator function** with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}. A decorator function
+ * intercepts the creation of a service, allowing it to override or modify the behavior of the
+ * service. The return value of the decorator function may be the original service, or a new service
+ * that replaces (or wraps and delegates to) the original service.
+ *
+ * You can find out more about using decorators in the {@link guide/decorators} guide.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the service to decorate.
+ * @param {Function|Array.<string|Function>} decorator This function will be invoked when the service needs to be
+ *    provided and should return the decorated service instance. The function is called using
+ *    the {@link auto.$injector#invoke injector.invoke} method and is therefore fully injectable.
+ *    Local injection arguments:
+ *
+ *    * `$delegate` - The original service instance, which can be replaced, monkey patched, configured,
+ *      decorated or delegated to.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here we decorate the {@link ng.$log $log} service to convert warnings to errors by intercepting
+ * calls to {@link ng.$log#error $log.warn()}.
+ * ```js
+ *   $provide.decorator('$log', ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
+ *     $delegate.warn = $delegate.error;
+ *     return $delegate;
+ *   }]);
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+function createInjector(modulesToLoad, strictDi) {
+  strictDi = (strictDi === true);
+  var INSTANTIATING = {},
+      providerSuffix = 'Provider',
+      path = [],
+      loadedModules = new NgMap(),
+      providerCache = {
+        $provide: {
+            provider: supportObject(provider),
+            factory: supportObject(factory),
+            service: supportObject(service),
+            value: supportObject(value),
+            constant: supportObject(constant),
+            decorator: decorator
+          }
+      },
+      providerInjector = (providerCache.$injector =
+          createInternalInjector(providerCache, function(serviceName, caller) {
+            if (angular.isString(caller)) {
+              path.push(caller);
+            }
+            throw $injectorMinErr('unpr', 'Unknown provider: {0}', path.join(' <- '));
+          })),
+      instanceCache = {},
+      protoInstanceInjector =
+          createInternalInjector(instanceCache, function(serviceName, caller) {
+            var provider = providerInjector.get(serviceName + providerSuffix, caller);
+            return instanceInjector.invoke(
+                provider.$get, provider, undefined, serviceName);
+          }),
+      instanceInjector = protoInstanceInjector;
+
+  providerCache['$injector' + providerSuffix] = { $get: valueFn(protoInstanceInjector) };
+  instanceInjector.modules = providerInjector.modules = createMap();
+  var runBlocks = loadModules(modulesToLoad);
+  instanceInjector = protoInstanceInjector.get('$injector');
+  instanceInjector.strictDi = strictDi;
+  forEach(runBlocks, function(fn) { if (fn) instanceInjector.invoke(fn); });
+
+  instanceInjector.loadNewModules = function(mods) {
+    forEach(loadModules(mods), function(fn) { if (fn) instanceInjector.invoke(fn); });
+  };
+
+
+  return instanceInjector;
+
+  ////////////////////////////////////
+  // $provider
+  ////////////////////////////////////
+
+  function supportObject(delegate) {
+    return function(key, value) {
+      if (isObject(key)) {
+        forEach(key, reverseParams(delegate));
+      } else {
+        return delegate(key, value);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  function provider(name, provider_) {
+    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'service');
+    if (isFunction(provider_) || isArray(provider_)) {
+      provider_ = providerInjector.instantiate(provider_);
+    }
+    if (!provider_.$get) {
+      throw $injectorMinErr('pget', 'Provider \'{0}\' must define $get factory method.', name);
+    }
+    return (providerCache[name + providerSuffix] = provider_);
+  }
+
+  function enforceReturnValue(name, factory) {
+    return /** @this */ function enforcedReturnValue() {
+      var result = instanceInjector.invoke(factory, this);
+      if (isUndefined(result)) {
+        throw $injectorMinErr('undef', 'Provider \'{0}\' must return a value from $get factory method.', name);
+      }
+      return result;
+    };
+  }
+
+  function factory(name, factoryFn, enforce) {
+    return provider(name, {
+      $get: enforce !== false ? enforceReturnValue(name, factoryFn) : factoryFn
+    });
+  }
+
+  function service(name, constructor) {
+    return factory(name, ['$injector', function($injector) {
+      return $injector.instantiate(constructor);
+    }]);
+  }
+
+  function value(name, val) { return factory(name, valueFn(val), false); }
+
+  function constant(name, value) {
+    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'constant');
+    providerCache[name] = value;
+    instanceCache[name] = value;
+  }
+
+  function decorator(serviceName, decorFn) {
+    var origProvider = providerInjector.get(serviceName + providerSuffix),
+        orig$get = origProvider.$get;
+
+    origProvider.$get = function() {
+      var origInstance = instanceInjector.invoke(orig$get, origProvider);
+      return instanceInjector.invoke(decorFn, null, {$delegate: origInstance});
+    };
+  }
+
+  ////////////////////////////////////
+  // Module Loading
+  ////////////////////////////////////
+  function loadModules(modulesToLoad) {
+    assertArg(isUndefined(modulesToLoad) || isArray(modulesToLoad), 'modulesToLoad', 'not an array');
+    var runBlocks = [], moduleFn;
+    forEach(modulesToLoad, function(module) {
+      if (loadedModules.get(module)) return;
+      loadedModules.set(module, true);
+
+      function runInvokeQueue(queue) {
+        var i, ii;
+        for (i = 0, ii = queue.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          var invokeArgs = queue[i],
+              provider = providerInjector.get(invokeArgs[0]);
+
+          provider[invokeArgs[1]].apply(provider, invokeArgs[2]);
+        }
+      }
+
+      try {
+        if (isString(module)) {
+          moduleFn = angularModule(module);
+          instanceInjector.modules[module] = moduleFn;
+          runBlocks = runBlocks.concat(loadModules(moduleFn.requires)).concat(moduleFn._runBlocks);
+          runInvokeQueue(moduleFn._invokeQueue);
+          runInvokeQueue(moduleFn._configBlocks);
+        } else if (isFunction(module)) {
+            runBlocks.push(providerInjector.invoke(module));
+        } else if (isArray(module)) {
+            runBlocks.push(providerInjector.invoke(module));
+        } else {
+          assertArgFn(module, 'module');
+        }
+      } catch (e) {
+        if (isArray(module)) {
+          module = module[module.length - 1];
+        }
+        if (e.message && e.stack && e.stack.indexOf(e.message) === -1) {
+          // Safari & FF's stack traces don't contain error.message content
+          // unlike those of Chrome and IE
+          // So if stack doesn't contain message, we create a new string that contains both.
+          // Since error.stack is read-only in Safari, I'm overriding e and not e.stack here.
+          // eslint-disable-next-line no-ex-assign
+          e = e.message + '\n' + e.stack;
+        }
+        throw $injectorMinErr('modulerr', 'Failed to instantiate module {0} due to:\n{1}',
+                  module, e.stack || e.message || e);
+      }
+    });
+    return runBlocks;
+  }
+
+  ////////////////////////////////////
+  // internal Injector
+  ////////////////////////////////////
+
+  function createInternalInjector(cache, factory) {
+
+    function getService(serviceName, caller) {
+      if (cache.hasOwnProperty(serviceName)) {
+        if (cache[serviceName] === INSTANTIATING) {
+          throw $injectorMinErr('cdep', 'Circular dependency found: {0}',
+                    serviceName + ' <- ' + path.join(' <- '));
+        }
+        return cache[serviceName];
+      } else {
+        try {
+          path.unshift(serviceName);
+          cache[serviceName] = INSTANTIATING;
+          cache[serviceName] = factory(serviceName, caller);
+          return cache[serviceName];
+        } catch (err) {
+          if (cache[serviceName] === INSTANTIATING) {
+            delete cache[serviceName];
+          }
+          throw err;
+        } finally {
+          path.shift();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    function injectionArgs(fn, locals, serviceName) {
+      var args = [],
+          $inject = createInjector.$$annotate(fn, strictDi, serviceName);
+
+      for (var i = 0, length = $inject.length; i < length; i++) {
+        var key = $inject[i];
+        if (typeof key !== 'string') {
+          throw $injectorMinErr('itkn',
+                  'Incorrect injection token! Expected service name as string, got {0}', key);
+        }
+        args.push(locals && locals.hasOwnProperty(key) ? locals[key] :
+                                                         getService(key, serviceName));
+      }
+      return args;
+    }
+
+    function isClass(func) {
+      // Support: IE 9-11 only
+      // IE 9-11 do not support classes and IE9 leaks with the code below.
+      if (msie || typeof func !== 'function') {
+        return false;
+      }
+      var result = func.$$ngIsClass;
+      if (!isBoolean(result)) {
+        result = func.$$ngIsClass = /^class\b/.test(stringifyFn(func));
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    function invoke(fn, self, locals, serviceName) {
+      if (typeof locals === 'string') {
+        serviceName = locals;
+        locals = null;
+      }
+
+      var args = injectionArgs(fn, locals, serviceName);
+      if (isArray(fn)) {
+        fn = fn[fn.length - 1];
+      }
+
+      if (!isClass(fn)) {
+        // http://jsperf.com/angularjs-invoke-apply-vs-switch
+        // #5388
+        return fn.apply(self, args);
+      } else {
+        args.unshift(null);
+        return new (Function.prototype.bind.apply(fn, args))();
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    function instantiate(Type, locals, serviceName) {
+      // Check if Type is annotated and use just the given function at n-1 as parameter
+      // e.g. someModule.factory('greeter', ['$window', function(renamed$window) {}]);
+      var ctor = (isArray(Type) ? Type[Type.length - 1] : Type);
+      var args = injectionArgs(Type, locals, serviceName);
+      // Empty object at position 0 is ignored for invocation with `new`, but required.
+      args.unshift(null);
+      return new (Function.prototype.bind.apply(ctor, args))();
+    }
+
+
+    return {
+      invoke: invoke,
+      instantiate: instantiate,
+      get: getService,
+      annotate: createInjector.$$annotate,
+      has: function(name) {
+        return providerCache.hasOwnProperty(name + providerSuffix) || cache.hasOwnProperty(name);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+createInjector.$$annotate = annotate;
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $anchorScrollProvider
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Use `$anchorScrollProvider` to disable automatic scrolling whenever
+ * {@link ng.$location#hash $location.hash()} changes.
+ */
+function $AnchorScrollProvider() {
+
+  var autoScrollingEnabled = true;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $anchorScrollProvider#disableAutoScrolling
+   *
+   * @description
+   * By default, {@link ng.$anchorScroll $anchorScroll()} will automatically detect changes to
+   * {@link ng.$location#hash $location.hash()} and scroll to the element matching the new hash.<br />
+   * Use this method to disable automatic scrolling.
+   *
+   * If automatic scrolling is disabled, one must explicitly call
+   * {@link ng.$anchorScroll $anchorScroll()} in order to scroll to the element related to the
+   * current hash.
+   */
+  this.disableAutoScrolling = function() {
+    autoScrollingEnabled = false;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc service
+   * @name $anchorScroll
+   * @kind function
+   * @requires $window
+   * @requires $location
+   * @requires $rootScope
+   *
+   * @description
+   * When called, it scrolls to the element related to the specified `hash` or (if omitted) to the
+   * current value of {@link ng.$location#hash $location.hash()}, according to the rules specified
+   * in the
+   * [HTML5 spec](http://www.w3.org/html/wg/drafts/html/master/browsers.html#an-indicated-part-of-the-document).
+   *
+   * It also watches the {@link ng.$location#hash $location.hash()} and automatically scrolls to
+   * match any anchor whenever it changes. This can be disabled by calling
+   * {@link ng.$anchorScrollProvider#disableAutoScrolling $anchorScrollProvider.disableAutoScrolling()}.
+   *
+   * Additionally, you can use its {@link ng.$anchorScroll#yOffset yOffset} property to specify a
+   * vertical scroll-offset (either fixed or dynamic).
+   *
+   * @param {string=} hash The hash specifying the element to scroll to. If omitted, the value of
+   *                       {@link ng.$location#hash $location.hash()} will be used.
+   *
+   * @property {(number|function|jqLite)} yOffset
+   * If set, specifies a vertical scroll-offset. This is often useful when there are fixed
+   * positioned elements at the top of the page, such as navbars, headers etc.
+   *
+   * `yOffset` can be specified in various ways:
+   * - **number**: A fixed number of pixels to be used as offset.<br /><br />
+   * - **function**: A getter function called everytime `$anchorScroll()` is executed. Must return
+   *   a number representing the offset (in pixels).<br /><br />
+   * - **jqLite**: A jqLite/jQuery element to be used for specifying the offset. The distance from
+   *   the top of the page to the element's bottom will be used as offset.<br />
+   *   **Note**: The element will be taken into account only as long as its `position` is set to
+   *   `fixed`. This option is useful, when dealing with responsive navbars/headers that adjust
+   *   their height and/or positioning according to the viewport's size.
+   *
+   * <br />
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   * In order for `yOffset` to work properly, scrolling should take place on the document's root and
+   * not some child element.
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * @example
+     <example module="anchorScrollExample" name="anchor-scroll">
+       <file name="index.html">
+         <div id="scrollArea" ng-controller="ScrollController">
+           <a ng-click="gotoBottom()">Go to bottom</a>
+           <a id="bottom"></a> You're at the bottom!
+         </div>
+       </file>
+       <file name="script.js">
+         angular.module('anchorScrollExample', [])
+           .controller('ScrollController', ['$scope', '$location', '$anchorScroll',
+             function($scope, $location, $anchorScroll) {
+               $scope.gotoBottom = function() {
+                 // set the location.hash to the id of
+                 // the element you wish to scroll to.
+                 $location.hash('bottom');
+
+                 // call $anchorScroll()
+                 $anchorScroll();
+               };
+             }]);
+       </file>
+       <file name="style.css">
+         #scrollArea {
+           height: 280px;
+           overflow: auto;
+         }
+
+         #bottom {
+           display: block;
+           margin-top: 2000px;
+         }
+       </file>
+     </example>
+   *
+   * <hr />
+   * The example below illustrates the use of a vertical scroll-offset (specified as a fixed value).
+   * See {@link ng.$anchorScroll#yOffset $anchorScroll.yOffset} for more details.
+   *
+   * @example
+     <example module="anchorScrollOffsetExample" name="anchor-scroll-offset">
+       <file name="index.html">
+         <div class="fixed-header" ng-controller="headerCtrl">
+           <a href="" ng-click="gotoAnchor(x)" ng-repeat="x in [1,2,3,4,5]">
+             Go to anchor {{x}}
+           </a>
+         </div>
+         <div id="anchor{{x}}" class="anchor" ng-repeat="x in [1,2,3,4,5]">
+           Anchor {{x}} of 5
+         </div>
+       </file>
+       <file name="script.js">
+         angular.module('anchorScrollOffsetExample', [])
+           .run(['$anchorScroll', function($anchorScroll) {
+             $anchorScroll.yOffset = 50;   // always scroll by 50 extra pixels
+           }])
+           .controller('headerCtrl', ['$anchorScroll', '$location', '$scope',
+             function($anchorScroll, $location, $scope) {
+               $scope.gotoAnchor = function(x) {
+                 var newHash = 'anchor' + x;
+                 if ($location.hash() !== newHash) {
+                   // set the $location.hash to `newHash` and
+                   // $anchorScroll will automatically scroll to it
+                   $location.hash('anchor' + x);
+                 } else {
+                   // call $anchorScroll() explicitly,
+                   // since $location.hash hasn't changed
+                   $anchorScroll();
+                 }
+               };
+             }
+           ]);
+       </file>
+       <file name="style.css">
+         body {
+           padding-top: 50px;
+         }
+
+         .anchor {
+           border: 2px dashed DarkOrchid;
+           padding: 10px 10px 200px 10px;
+         }
+
+         .fixed-header {
+           background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
+           height: 50px;
+           position: fixed;
+           top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
+         }
+
+         .fixed-header > a {
+           display: inline-block;
+           margin: 5px 15px;
+         }
+       </file>
+     </example>
+   */
+  this.$get = ['$window', '$location', '$rootScope', function($window, $location, $rootScope) {
+    var document = $window.document;
+
+    // Helper function to get first anchor from a NodeList
+    // (using `Array#some()` instead of `angular#forEach()` since it's more performant
+    //  and working in all supported browsers.)
+    function getFirstAnchor(list) {
+      var result = null;
+      Array.prototype.some.call(list, function(element) {
+        if (nodeName_(element) === 'a') {
+          result = element;
+          return true;
+        }
+      });
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    function getYOffset() {
+
+      var offset = scroll.yOffset;
+
+      if (isFunction(offset)) {
+        offset = offset();
+      } else if (isElement(offset)) {
+        var elem = offset[0];
+        var style = $window.getComputedStyle(elem);
+        if (style.position !== 'fixed') {
+          offset = 0;
+        } else {
+          offset = elem.getBoundingClientRect().bottom;
+        }
+      } else if (!isNumber(offset)) {
+        offset = 0;
+      }
+
+      return offset;
+    }
+
+    function scrollTo(elem) {
+      if (elem) {
+        elem.scrollIntoView();
+
+        var offset = getYOffset();
+
+        if (offset) {
+          // `offset` is the number of pixels we should scroll UP in order to align `elem` properly.
+          // This is true ONLY if the call to `elem.scrollIntoView()` initially aligns `elem` at the
+          // top of the viewport.
+          //
+          // IF the number of pixels from the top of `elem` to the end of the page's content is less
+          // than the height of the viewport, then `elem.scrollIntoView()` will align the `elem` some
+          // way down the page.
+          //
+          // This is often the case for elements near the bottom of the page.
+          //
+          // In such cases we do not need to scroll the whole `offset` up, just the difference between
+          // the top of the element and the offset, which is enough to align the top of `elem` at the
+          // desired position.
+          var elemTop = elem.getBoundingClientRect().top;
+          $window.scrollBy(0, elemTop - offset);
+        }
+      } else {
+        $window.scrollTo(0, 0);
+      }
+    }
+
+    function scroll(hash) {
+      // Allow numeric hashes
+      hash = isString(hash) ? hash : isNumber(hash) ? hash.toString() : $location.hash();
+      var elm;
+
+      // empty hash, scroll to the top of the page
+      if (!hash) scrollTo(null);
+
+      // element with given id
+      else if ((elm = document.getElementById(hash))) scrollTo(elm);
+
+      // first anchor with given name :-D
+      else if ((elm = getFirstAnchor(document.getElementsByName(hash)))) scrollTo(elm);
+
+      // no element and hash === 'top', scroll to the top of the page
+      else if (hash === 'top') scrollTo(null);
+    }
+
+    // does not scroll when user clicks on anchor link that is currently on
+    // (no url change, no $location.hash() change), browser native does scroll
+    if (autoScrollingEnabled) {
+      $rootScope.$watch(function autoScrollWatch() {return $location.hash();},
+        function autoScrollWatchAction(newVal, oldVal) {
+          // skip the initial scroll if $location.hash is empty
+          if (newVal === oldVal && newVal === '') return;
+
+          jqLiteDocumentLoaded(function() {
+            $rootScope.$evalAsync(scroll);
+          });
+        });
+    }
+
+    return scroll;
+  }];
+}
+
+var $animateMinErr = minErr('$animate');
+var ELEMENT_NODE = 1;
+var NG_ANIMATE_CLASSNAME = 'ng-animate';
+
+function mergeClasses(a,b) {
+  if (!a && !b) return '';
+  if (!a) return b;
+  if (!b) return a;
+  if (isArray(a)) a = a.join(' ');
+  if (isArray(b)) b = b.join(' ');
+  return a + ' ' + b;
+}
+
+function extractElementNode(element) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < element.length; i++) {
+    var elm = element[i];
+    if (elm.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE) {
+      return elm;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function splitClasses(classes) {
+  if (isString(classes)) {
+    classes = classes.split(' ');
+  }
+
+  // Use createMap() to prevent class assumptions involving property names in
+  // Object.prototype
+  var obj = createMap();
+  forEach(classes, function(klass) {
+    // sometimes the split leaves empty string values
+    // incase extra spaces were applied to the options
+    if (klass.length) {
+      obj[klass] = true;
+    }
+  });
+  return obj;
+}
+
+// if any other type of options value besides an Object value is
+// passed into the $animate.method() animation then this helper code
+// will be run which will ignore it. While this patch is not the
+// greatest solution to this, a lot of existing plugins depend on
+// $animate to either call the callback (< 1.2) or return a promise
+// that can be changed. This helper function ensures that the options
+// are wiped clean incase a callback function is provided.
+function prepareAnimateOptions(options) {
+  return isObject(options)
+      ? options
+      : {};
+}
+
+var $$CoreAnimateJsProvider = /** @this */ function() {
+  this.$get = noop;
+};
+
+// this is prefixed with Core since it conflicts with
+// the animateQueueProvider defined in ngAnimate/animateQueue.js
+var $$CoreAnimateQueueProvider = /** @this */ function() {
+  var postDigestQueue = new NgMap();
+  var postDigestElements = [];
+
+  this.$get = ['$$AnimateRunner', '$rootScope',
+       function($$AnimateRunner,   $rootScope) {
+    return {
+      enabled: noop,
+      on: noop,
+      off: noop,
+      pin: noop,
+
+      push: function(element, event, options, domOperation) {
+        if (domOperation) {
+          domOperation();
+        }
+
+        options = options || {};
+        if (options.from) {
+          element.css(options.from);
+        }
+        if (options.to) {
+          element.css(options.to);
+        }
+
+        if (options.addClass || options.removeClass) {
+          addRemoveClassesPostDigest(element, options.addClass, options.removeClass);
+        }
+
+        var runner = new $$AnimateRunner();
+
+        // since there are no animations to run the runner needs to be
+        // notified that the animation call is complete.
+        runner.complete();
+        return runner;
+      }
+    };
+
+
+    function updateData(data, classes, value) {
+      var changed = false;
+      if (classes) {
+        classes = isString(classes) ? classes.split(' ') :
+                  isArray(classes) ? classes : [];
+        forEach(classes, function(className) {
+          if (className) {
+            changed = true;
+            data[className] = value;
+          }
+        });
+      }
+      return changed;
+    }
+
+    function handleCSSClassChanges() {
+      forEach(postDigestElements, function(element) {
+        var data = postDigestQueue.get(element);
+        if (data) {
+          var existing = splitClasses(element.attr('class'));
+          var toAdd = '';
+          var toRemove = '';
+          forEach(data, function(status, className) {
+            var hasClass = !!existing[className];
+            if (status !== hasClass) {
+              if (status) {
+                toAdd += (toAdd.length ? ' ' : '') + className;
+              } else {
+                toRemove += (toRemove.length ? ' ' : '') + className;
+              }
+            }
+          });
+
+          forEach(element, function(elm) {
+            if (toAdd) {
+              jqLiteAddClass(elm, toAdd);
+            }
+            if (toRemove) {
+              jqLiteRemoveClass(elm, toRemove);
+            }
+          });
+          postDigestQueue.delete(element);
+        }
+      });
+      postDigestElements.length = 0;
+    }
+
+
+    function addRemoveClassesPostDigest(element, add, remove) {
+      var data = postDigestQueue.get(element) || {};
+
+      var classesAdded = updateData(data, add, true);
+      var classesRemoved = updateData(data, remove, false);
+
+      if (classesAdded || classesRemoved) {
+
+        postDigestQueue.set(element, data);
+        postDigestElements.push(element);
+
+        if (postDigestElements.length === 1) {
+          $rootScope.$$postDigest(handleCSSClassChanges);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }];
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $animateProvider
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Default implementation of $animate that doesn't perform any animations, instead just
+ * synchronously performs DOM updates and resolves the returned runner promise.
+ *
+ * In order to enable animations the `ngAnimate` module has to be loaded.
+ *
+ * To see the functional implementation check out `src/ngAnimate/animate.js`.
+ */
+var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', /** @this */ function($provide) {
+  var provider = this;
+  var classNameFilter = null;
+  var customFilter = null;
+
+  this.$$registeredAnimations = Object.create(null);
+
+   /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $animateProvider#register
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Registers a new injectable animation factory function. The factory function produces the
+   * animation object which contains callback functions for each event that is expected to be
+   * animated.
+   *
+   *   * `eventFn`: `function(element, ... , doneFunction, options)`
+   *   The element to animate, the `doneFunction` and the options fed into the animation. Depending
+   *   on the type of animation additional arguments will be injected into the animation function. The
+   *   list below explains the function signatures for the different animation methods:
+   *
+   *   - setClass: function(element, addedClasses, removedClasses, doneFunction, options)
+   *   - addClass: function(element, addedClasses, doneFunction, options)
+   *   - removeClass: function(element, removedClasses, doneFunction, options)
+   *   - enter, leave, move: function(element, doneFunction, options)
+   *   - animate: function(element, fromStyles, toStyles, doneFunction, options)
+   *
+   *   Make sure to trigger the `doneFunction` once the animation is fully complete.
+   *
+   * ```js
+   *   return {
+   *     //enter, leave, move signature
+   *     eventFn : function(element, done, options) {
+   *       //code to run the animation
+   *       //once complete, then run done()
+   *       return function endFunction(wasCancelled) {
+   *         //code to cancel the animation
+   *       }
+   *     }
+   *   }
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param {string} name The name of the animation (this is what the class-based CSS value will be compared to).
+   * @param {Function} factory The factory function that will be executed to return the animation
+   *                           object.
+   */
+  this.register = function(name, factory) {
+    if (name && name.charAt(0) !== '.') {
+      throw $animateMinErr('notcsel', 'Expecting class selector starting with \'.\' got \'{0}\'.', name);
+    }
+
+    var key = name + '-animation';
+    provider.$$registeredAnimations[name.substr(1)] = key;
+    $provide.factory(key, factory);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $animateProvider#customFilter
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets and/or returns the custom filter function that is used to "filter" animations, i.e.
+   * determine if an animation is allowed or not. When no filter is specified (the default), no
+   * animation will be blocked. Setting the `customFilter` value will only allow animations for
+   * which the filter function's return value is truthy.
+   *
+   * This allows to easily create arbitrarily complex rules for filtering animations, such as
+   * allowing specific events only, or enabling animations on specific subtrees of the DOM, etc.
+   * Filtering animations can also boost performance for low-powered devices, as well as
+   * applications containing a lot of structural operations.
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-success">
+   *   **Best Practice:**
+   *   Keep the filtering function as lean as possible, because it will be called for each DOM
+   *   action (e.g. insertion, removal, class change) performed by "animation-aware" directives.
+   *   See {@link guide/animations#which-directives-support-animations- here} for a list of built-in
+   *   directives that support animations.
+   *   Performing computationally expensive or time-consuming operations on each call of the
+   *   filtering function can make your animations sluggish.
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * **Note:** If present, `customFilter` will be checked before
+   * {@link $animateProvider#classNameFilter classNameFilter}.
+   *
+   * @param {Function=} filterFn - The filter function which will be used to filter all animations.
+   *   If a falsy value is returned, no animation will be performed. The function will be called
+   *   with the following arguments:
+   *   - **node** `{DOMElement}` - The DOM element to be animated.
+   *   - **event** `{String}` - The name of the animation event (e.g. `enter`, `leave`, `addClass`
+   *     etc).
+   *   - **options** `{Object}` - A collection of options/styles used for the animation.
+   * @return {Function} The current filter function or `null` if there is none set.
+   */
+  this.customFilter = function(filterFn) {
+    if (arguments.length === 1) {
+      customFilter = isFunction(filterFn) ? filterFn : null;
+    }
+
+    return customFilter;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $animateProvider#classNameFilter
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets and/or returns the CSS class regular expression that is checked when performing
+   * an animation. Upon bootstrap the classNameFilter value is not set at all and will
+   * therefore enable $animate to attempt to perform an animation on any element that is triggered.
+   * When setting the `classNameFilter` value, animations will only be performed on elements
+   * that successfully match the filter expression. This in turn can boost performance
+   * for low-powered devices as well as applications containing a lot of structural operations.
+   *
+   * **Note:** If present, `classNameFilter` will be checked after
+   * {@link $animateProvider#customFilter customFilter}. If `customFilter` is present and returns
+   * false, `classNameFilter` will not be checked.
+   *
+   * @param {RegExp=} expression The className expression which will be checked against all animations
+   * @return {RegExp} The current CSS className expression value. If null then there is no expression value
+   */
+  this.classNameFilter = function(expression) {
+    if (arguments.length === 1) {
+      classNameFilter = (expression instanceof RegExp) ? expression : null;
+      if (classNameFilter) {
+        var reservedRegex = new RegExp('[(\\s|\\/)]' + NG_ANIMATE_CLASSNAME + '[(\\s|\\/)]');
+        if (reservedRegex.test(classNameFilter.toString())) {
+          classNameFilter = null;
+          throw $animateMinErr('nongcls', '$animateProvider.classNameFilter(regex) prohibits accepting a regex value which matches/contains the "{0}" CSS class.', NG_ANIMATE_CLASSNAME);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return classNameFilter;
+  };
+
+  this.$get = ['$$animateQueue', function($$animateQueue) {
+    function domInsert(element, parentElement, afterElement) {
+      // if for some reason the previous element was removed
+      // from the dom sometime before this code runs then let's
+      // just stick to using the parent element as the anchor
+      if (afterElement) {
+        var afterNode = extractElementNode(afterElement);
+        if (afterNode && !afterNode.parentNode && !afterNode.previousElementSibling) {
+          afterElement = null;
+        }
+      }
+      if (afterElement) {
+        afterElement.after(element);
+      } else {
+        parentElement.prepend(element);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc service
+     * @name $animate
+     * @description The $animate service exposes a series of DOM utility methods that provide support
+     * for animation hooks. The default behavior is the application of DOM operations, however,
+     * when an animation is detected (and animations are enabled), $animate will do the heavy lifting
+     * to ensure that animation runs with the triggered DOM operation.
+     *
+     * By default $animate doesn't trigger any animations. This is because the `ngAnimate` module isn't
+     * included and only when it is active then the animation hooks that `$animate` triggers will be
+     * functional. Once active then all structural `ng-` directives will trigger animations as they perform
+     * their DOM-related operations (enter, leave and move). Other directives such as `ngClass`,
+     * `ngShow`, `ngHide` and `ngMessages` also provide support for animations.
+     *
+     * It is recommended that the`$animate` service is always used when executing DOM-related procedures within directives.
+     *
+     * To learn more about enabling animation support, click here to visit the
+     * {@link ngAnimate ngAnimate module page}.
+     */
+    return {
+      // we don't call it directly since non-existant arguments may
+      // be interpreted as null within the sub enabled function
+
+      /**
+       *
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#on
+       * @kind function
+       * @description Sets up an event listener to fire whenever the animation event (enter, leave, move, etc...)
+       *    has fired on the given element or among any of its children. Once the listener is fired, the provided callback
+       *    is fired with the following params:
+       *
+       * ```js
+       * $animate.on('enter', container,
+       *    function callback(element, phase) {
+       *      // cool we detected an enter animation within the container
+       *    }
+       * );
+       * ```
+       *
+       * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+       * **Note**: Generally, the events that are fired correspond 1:1 to `$animate` method names,
+       * e.g. {@link ng.$animate#addClass addClass()} will fire `addClass`, and {@link ng.ngClass}
+       * will fire `addClass` if classes are added, and `removeClass` if classes are removed.
+       * However, there are two exceptions:
+       *
+       * <ul>
+       *   <li>if both an {@link ng.$animate#addClass addClass()} and a
+       *   {@link ng.$animate#removeClass removeClass()} action are performed during the same
+       *   animation, the event fired will be `setClass`. This is true even for `ngClass`.</li>
+       *   <li>an {@link ng.$animate#animate animate()} call that adds and removes classes will fire
+       *   the `setClass` event, but if it either removes or adds classes,
+       *   it will fire `animate` instead.</li>
+       * </ul>
+       *
+       * </div>
+       *
+       * @param {string} event the animation event that will be captured (e.g. enter, leave, move, addClass, removeClass, etc...)
+       * @param {DOMElement} container the container element that will capture each of the animation events that are fired on itself
+       *     as well as among its children
+       * @param {Function} callback the callback function that will be fired when the listener is triggered.
+       *
+       * The arguments present in the callback function are:
+       * * `element` - The captured DOM element that the animation was fired on.
+       * * `phase` - The phase of the animation. The two possible phases are **start** (when the animation starts) and **close** (when it ends).
+       * * `data` - an object with these properties:
+       *     * addClass - `{string|null}` - space-separated CSS classes to add to the element
+       *     * removeClass - `{string|null}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from the element
+       *     * from - `{Object|null}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of the animation
+       *     * to - `{Object|null}` - CSS properties & values at the end of the animation
+       *
+       * Note that the callback does not trigger a scope digest. Wrap your call into a
+       * {@link $rootScope.Scope#$apply scope.$apply} to propagate changes to the scope.
+       */
+      on: $$animateQueue.on,
+
+      /**
+       *
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#off
+       * @kind function
+       * @description Deregisters an event listener based on the event which has been associated with the provided element. This method
+       * can be used in three different ways depending on the arguments:
+       *
+       * ```js
+       * // remove all the animation event listeners listening for `enter`
+       * $animate.off('enter');
+       *
+       * // remove listeners for all animation events from the container element
+       * $animate.off(container);
+       *
+       * // remove all the animation event listeners listening for `enter` on the given element and its children
+       * $animate.off('enter', container);
+       *
+       * // remove the event listener function provided by `callback` that is set
+       * // to listen for `enter` on the given `container` as well as its children
+       * $animate.off('enter', container, callback);
+       * ```
+       *
+       * @param {string|DOMElement} event|container the animation event (e.g. enter, leave, move,
+       * addClass, removeClass, etc...), or the container element. If it is the element, all other
+       * arguments are ignored.
+       * @param {DOMElement=} container the container element the event listener was placed on
+       * @param {Function=} callback the callback function that was registered as the listener
+       */
+      off: $$animateQueue.off,
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#pin
+       * @kind function
+       * @description Associates the provided element with a host parent element to allow the element to be animated even if it exists
+       *    outside of the DOM structure of the AngularJS application. By doing so, any animation triggered via `$animate` can be issued on the
+       *    element despite being outside the realm of the application or within another application. Say for example if the application
+       *    was bootstrapped on an element that is somewhere inside of the `<body>` tag, but we wanted to allow for an element to be situated
+       *    as a direct child of `document.body`, then this can be achieved by pinning the element via `$animate.pin(element)`. Keep in mind
+       *    that calling `$animate.pin(element, parentElement)` will not actually insert into the DOM anywhere; it will just create the association.
+       *
+       *    Note that this feature is only active when the `ngAnimate` module is used.
+       *
+       * @param {DOMElement} element the external element that will be pinned
+       * @param {DOMElement} parentElement the host parent element that will be associated with the external element
+       */
+      pin: $$animateQueue.pin,
+
+      /**
+       *
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#enabled
+       * @kind function
+       * @description Used to get and set whether animations are enabled or not on the entire application or on an element and its children. This
+       * function can be called in four ways:
+       *
+       * ```js
+       * // returns true or false
+       * $animate.enabled();
+       *
+       * // changes the enabled state for all animations
+       * $animate.enabled(false);
+       * $animate.enabled(true);
+       *
+       * // returns true or false if animations are enabled for an element
+       * $animate.enabled(element);
+       *
+       * // changes the enabled state for an element and its children
+       * $animate.enabled(element, true);
+       * $animate.enabled(element, false);
+       * ```
+       *
+       * @param {DOMElement=} element the element that will be considered for checking/setting the enabled state
+       * @param {boolean=} enabled whether or not the animations will be enabled for the element
+       *
+       * @return {boolean} whether or not animations are enabled
+       */
+      enabled: $$animateQueue.enabled,
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#cancel
+       * @kind function
+       * @description Cancels the provided animation and applies the end state of the animation.
+       * Note that this does not cancel the underlying operation, e.g. the setting of classes or
+       * adding the element to the DOM.
+       *
+       * @param {animationRunner} animationRunner An animation runner returned by an $animate function.
+       *
+       * @example
+        <example module="animationExample" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="animate-cancel">
+          <file name="app.js">
+            angular.module('animationExample', ['ngAnimate']).component('cancelExample', {
+              templateUrl: 'template.html',
+              controller: function($element, $animate) {
+                this.runner = null;
+
+                this.addClass = function() {
+                  this.runner = $animate.addClass($element.find('div'), 'red');
+                  var ctrl = this;
+                  this.runner.finally(function() {
+                    ctrl.runner = null;
+                  });
+                };
+
+                this.removeClass = function() {
+                  this.runner = $animate.removeClass($element.find('div'), 'red');
+                  var ctrl = this;
+                  this.runner.finally(function() {
+                    ctrl.runner = null;
+                  });
+                };
+
+                this.cancel = function() {
+                  $animate.cancel(this.runner);
+                };
+              }
+            });
+          </file>
+          <file name="template.html">
+            <p>
+              <button id="add" ng-click="$ctrl.addClass()">Add</button>
+              <button ng-click="$ctrl.removeClass()">Remove</button>
+              <br>
+              <button id="cancel" ng-click="$ctrl.cancel()" ng-disabled="!$ctrl.runner">Cancel</button>
+              <br>
+              <div id="target">CSS-Animated Text</div>
+            </p>
+          </file>
+          <file name="index.html">
+            <cancel-example></cancel-example>
+          </file>
+          <file name="style.css">
+            .red-add, .red-remove {
+              transition: all 4s cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940);
+            }
+
+            .red,
+            .red-add.red-add-active {
+              color: #FF0000;
+              font-size: 40px;
+            }
+
+            .red-remove.red-remove-active {
+              font-size: 10px;
+              color: black;
+            }
+
+          </file>
+        </example>
+       */
+      cancel: function(runner) {
+        if (runner.cancel) {
+          runner.cancel();
+        }
+      },
+
+      /**
+       *
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#enter
+       * @kind function
+       * @description Inserts the element into the DOM either after the `after` element (if provided) or
+       *   as the first child within the `parent` element and then triggers an animation.
+       *   A promise is returned that will be resolved during the next digest once the animation
+       *   has completed.
+       *
+       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will be inserted into the DOM
+       * @param {DOMElement} parent the parent element which will append the element as
+       *   a child (so long as the after element is not present)
+       * @param {DOMElement=} after the sibling element after which the element will be appended
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element.
+       *   The object can have the following properties:
+       *
+       *   - **addClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to add to element
+       *   - **from** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of animation. Must have matching `to`
+       *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
+       *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
+       *
+       * @return {Runner} the animation runner
+       */
+      enter: function(element, parent, after, options) {
+        parent = parent && jqLite(parent);
+        after = after && jqLite(after);
+        parent = parent || after.parent();
+        domInsert(element, parent, after);
+        return $$animateQueue.push(element, 'enter', prepareAnimateOptions(options));
+      },
+
+      /**
+       *
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#move
+       * @kind function
+       * @description Inserts (moves) the element into its new position in the DOM either after
+       *   the `after` element (if provided) or as the first child within the `parent` element
+       *   and then triggers an animation. A promise is returned that will be resolved
+       *   during the next digest once the animation has completed.
+       *
+       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will be moved into the new DOM position
+       * @param {DOMElement} parent the parent element which will append the element as
+       *   a child (so long as the after element is not present)
+       * @param {DOMElement=} after the sibling element after which the element will be appended
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element.
+       *   The object can have the following properties:
+       *
+       *   - **addClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to add to element
+       *   - **from** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of animation. Must have matching `to`
+       *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
+       *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
+       *
+       * @return {Runner} the animation runner
+       */
+      move: function(element, parent, after, options) {
+        parent = parent && jqLite(parent);
+        after = after && jqLite(after);
+        parent = parent || after.parent();
+        domInsert(element, parent, after);
+        return $$animateQueue.push(element, 'move', prepareAnimateOptions(options));
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#leave
+       * @kind function
+       * @description Triggers an animation and then removes the element from the DOM.
+       * When the function is called a promise is returned that will be resolved during the next
+       * digest once the animation has completed.
+       *
+       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will be removed from the DOM
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element.
+       *   The object can have the following properties:
+       *
+       *   - **addClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to add to element
+       *   - **from** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of animation. Must have matching `to`
+       *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
+       *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
+       *
+       * @return {Runner} the animation runner
+       */
+      leave: function(element, options) {
+        return $$animateQueue.push(element, 'leave', prepareAnimateOptions(options), function() {
+          element.remove();
+        });
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#addClass
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description Triggers an addClass animation surrounding the addition of the provided CSS class(es). Upon
+       *   execution, the addClass operation will only be handled after the next digest and it will not trigger an
+       *   animation if element already contains the CSS class or if the class is removed at a later step.
+       *   Note that class-based animations are treated differently compared to structural animations
+       *   (like enter, move and leave) since the CSS classes may be added/removed at different points
+       *   depending if CSS or JavaScript animations are used.
+       *
+       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which the CSS classes will be applied to
+       * @param {string} className the CSS class(es) that will be added (multiple classes are separated via spaces)
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element.
+       *   The object can have the following properties:
+       *
+       *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
+       *   - **from** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of animation. Must have matching `to`
+       *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
+       *
+       * @return {Runner} animationRunner the animation runner
+       */
+      addClass: function(element, className, options) {
+        options = prepareAnimateOptions(options);
+        options.addClass = mergeClasses(options.addclass, className);
+        return $$animateQueue.push(element, 'addClass', options);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#removeClass
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description Triggers a removeClass animation surrounding the removal of the provided CSS class(es). Upon
+       *   execution, the removeClass operation will only be handled after the next digest and it will not trigger an
+       *   animation if element does not contain the CSS class or if the class is added at a later step.
+       *   Note that class-based animations are treated differently compared to structural animations
+       *   (like enter, move and leave) since the CSS classes may be added/removed at different points
+       *   depending if CSS or JavaScript animations are used.
+       *
+       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which the CSS classes will be applied to
+       * @param {string} className the CSS class(es) that will be removed (multiple classes are separated via spaces)
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element.
+       *   The object can have the following properties:
+       *
+       *   - **addClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to add to element
+       *   - **from** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of animation. Must have matching `to`
+       *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
+       *
+       * @return {Runner} the animation runner
+       */
+      removeClass: function(element, className, options) {
+        options = prepareAnimateOptions(options);
+        options.removeClass = mergeClasses(options.removeClass, className);
+        return $$animateQueue.push(element, 'removeClass', options);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#setClass
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description Performs both the addition and removal of a CSS classes on an element and (during the process)
+       *    triggers an animation surrounding the class addition/removal. Much like `$animate.addClass` and
+       *    `$animate.removeClass`, `setClass` will only evaluate the classes being added/removed once a digest has
+       *    passed. Note that class-based animations are treated differently compared to structural animations
+       *    (like enter, move and leave) since the CSS classes may be added/removed at different points
+       *    depending if CSS or JavaScript animations are used.
+       *
+       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which the CSS classes will be applied to
+       * @param {string} add the CSS class(es) that will be added (multiple classes are separated via spaces)
+       * @param {string} remove the CSS class(es) that will be removed (multiple classes are separated via spaces)
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element.
+       *   The object can have the following properties:
+       *
+       *   - **addClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to add to element
+       *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
+       *   - **from** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of animation. Must have matching `to`
+       *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
+       *
+       * @return {Runner} the animation runner
+       */
+      setClass: function(element, add, remove, options) {
+        options = prepareAnimateOptions(options);
+        options.addClass = mergeClasses(options.addClass, add);
+        options.removeClass = mergeClasses(options.removeClass, remove);
+        return $$animateQueue.push(element, 'setClass', options);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#animate
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description Performs an inline animation on the element which applies the provided to and from CSS styles to the element.
+       * If any detected CSS transition, keyframe or JavaScript matches the provided className value, then the animation will take
+       * on the provided styles. For example, if a transition animation is set for the given className, then the provided `from` and
+       * `to` styles will be applied alongside the given transition. If the CSS style provided in `from` does not have a corresponding
+       * style in `to`, the style in `from` is applied immediately, and no animation is run.
+       * If a JavaScript animation is detected then the provided styles will be given in as function parameters into the `animate`
+       * method (or as part of the `options` parameter):
+       *
+       * ```js
+       * ngModule.animation('.my-inline-animation', function() {
+       *   return {
+       *     animate : function(element, from, to, done, options) {
+       *       //animation
+       *       done();
+       *     }
+       *   }
+       * });
+       * ```
+       *
+       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which the CSS styles will be applied to
+       * @param {object} from the from (starting) CSS styles that will be applied to the element and across the animation.
+       * @param {object} to the to (destination) CSS styles that will be applied to the element and across the animation.
+       * @param {string=} className an optional CSS class that will be applied to the element for the duration of the animation. If
+       *    this value is left as empty then a CSS class of `ng-inline-animate` will be applied to the element.
+       *    (Note that if no animation is detected then this value will not be applied to the element.)
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element.
+       *   The object can have the following properties:
+       *
+       *   - **addClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to add to element
+       *   - **from** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of animation. Must have matching `to`
+       *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
+       *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
+       *
+       * @return {Runner} the animation runner
+       */
+      animate: function(element, from, to, className, options) {
+        options = prepareAnimateOptions(options);
+        options.from = options.from ? extend(options.from, from) : from;
+        options.to   = options.to   ? extend(options.to, to)     : to;
+
+        className = className || 'ng-inline-animate';
+        options.tempClasses = mergeClasses(options.tempClasses, className);
+        return $$animateQueue.push(element, 'animate', options);
+      }
+    };
+  }];
+}];
+
+var $$AnimateAsyncRunFactoryProvider = /** @this */ function() {
+  this.$get = ['$$rAF', function($$rAF) {
+    var waitQueue = [];
+
+    function waitForTick(fn) {
+      waitQueue.push(fn);
+      if (waitQueue.length > 1) return;
+      $$rAF(function() {
+        for (var i = 0; i < waitQueue.length; i++) {
+          waitQueue[i]();
+        }
+        waitQueue = [];
+      });
+    }
+
+    return function() {
+      var passed = false;
+      waitForTick(function() {
+        passed = true;
+      });
+      return function(callback) {
+        if (passed) {
+          callback();
+        } else {
+          waitForTick(callback);
+        }
+      };
+    };
+  }];
+};
+
+var $$AnimateRunnerFactoryProvider = /** @this */ function() {
+  this.$get = ['$q', '$sniffer', '$$animateAsyncRun', '$$isDocumentHidden', '$timeout',
+       function($q,   $sniffer,   $$animateAsyncRun,   $$isDocumentHidden,   $timeout) {
+
+    var INITIAL_STATE = 0;
+    var DONE_PENDING_STATE = 1;
+    var DONE_COMPLETE_STATE = 2;
+
+    AnimateRunner.chain = function(chain, callback) {
+      var index = 0;
+
+      next();
+      function next() {
+        if (index === chain.length) {
+          callback(true);
+          return;
+        }
+
+        chain[index](function(response) {
+          if (response === false) {
+            callback(false);
+            return;
+          }
+          index++;
+          next();
+        });
+      }
+    };
+
+    AnimateRunner.all = function(runners, callback) {
+      var count = 0;
+      var status = true;
+      forEach(runners, function(runner) {
+        runner.done(onProgress);
+      });
+
+      function onProgress(response) {
+        status = status && response;
+        if (++count === runners.length) {
+          callback(status);
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    function AnimateRunner(host) {
+      this.setHost(host);
+
+      var rafTick = $$animateAsyncRun();
+      var timeoutTick = function(fn) {
+        $timeout(fn, 0, false);
+      };
+
+      this._doneCallbacks = [];
+      this._tick = function(fn) {
+        if ($$isDocumentHidden()) {
+          timeoutTick(fn);
+        } else {
+          rafTick(fn);
+        }
+      };
+      this._state = 0;
+    }
+
+    AnimateRunner.prototype = {
+      setHost: function(host) {
+        this.host = host || {};
+      },
+
+      done: function(fn) {
+        if (this._state === DONE_COMPLETE_STATE) {
+          fn();
+        } else {
+          this._doneCallbacks.push(fn);
+        }
+      },
+
+      progress: noop,
+
+      getPromise: function() {
+        if (!this.promise) {
+          var self = this;
+          this.promise = $q(function(resolve, reject) {
+            self.done(function(status) {
+              if (status === false) {
+                reject();
+              } else {
+                resolve();
+              }
+            });
+          });
+        }
+        return this.promise;
+      },
+
+      then: function(resolveHandler, rejectHandler) {
+        return this.getPromise().then(resolveHandler, rejectHandler);
+      },
+
+      'catch': function(handler) {
+        return this.getPromise()['catch'](handler);
+      },
+
+      'finally': function(handler) {
+        return this.getPromise()['finally'](handler);
+      },
+
+      pause: function() {
+        if (this.host.pause) {
+          this.host.pause();
+        }
+      },
+
+      resume: function() {
+        if (this.host.resume) {
+          this.host.resume();
+        }
+      },
+
+      end: function() {
+        if (this.host.end) {
+          this.host.end();
+        }
+        this._resolve(true);
+      },
+
+      cancel: function() {
+        if (this.host.cancel) {
+          this.host.cancel();
+        }
+        this._resolve(false);
+      },
+
+      complete: function(response) {
+        var self = this;
+        if (self._state === INITIAL_STATE) {
+          self._state = DONE_PENDING_STATE;
+          self._tick(function() {
+            self._resolve(response);
+          });
+        }
+      },
+
+      _resolve: function(response) {
+        if (this._state !== DONE_COMPLETE_STATE) {
+          forEach(this._doneCallbacks, function(fn) {
+            fn(response);
+          });
+          this._doneCallbacks.length = 0;
+          this._state = DONE_COMPLETE_STATE;
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    return AnimateRunner;
+  }];
+};
+
+/* exported $CoreAnimateCssProvider */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $animateCss
+ * @kind object
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ * This is the core version of `$animateCss`. By default, only when the `ngAnimate` is included,
+ * then the `$animateCss` service will actually perform animations.
+ *
+ * Click here {@link ngAnimate.$animateCss to read the documentation for $animateCss}.
+ */
+var $CoreAnimateCssProvider = function() {
+  this.$get = ['$$rAF', '$q', '$$AnimateRunner', function($$rAF, $q, $$AnimateRunner) {
+
+    return function(element, initialOptions) {
+      // all of the animation functions should create
+      // a copy of the options data, however, if a
+      // parent service has already created a copy then
+      // we should stick to using that
+      var options = initialOptions || {};
+      if (!options.$$prepared) {
+        options = copy(options);
+      }
+
+      // there is no point in applying the styles since
+      // there is no animation that goes on at all in
+      // this version of $animateCss.
+      if (options.cleanupStyles) {
+        options.from = options.to = null;
+      }
+
+      if (options.from) {
+        element.css(options.from);
+        options.from = null;
+      }
+
+      var closed, runner = new $$AnimateRunner();
+      return {
+        start: run,
+        end: run
+      };
+
+      function run() {
+        $$rAF(function() {
+          applyAnimationContents();
+          if (!closed) {
+            runner.complete();
+          }
+          closed = true;
+        });
+        return runner;
+      }
+
+      function applyAnimationContents() {
+        if (options.addClass) {
+          element.addClass(options.addClass);
+          options.addClass = null;
+        }
+        if (options.removeClass) {
+          element.removeClass(options.removeClass);
+          options.removeClass = null;
+        }
+        if (options.to) {
+          element.css(options.to);
+          options.to = null;
+        }
+      }
+    };
+  }];
+};
+
+/* global getHash: true, stripHash: false */
+
+function getHash(url) {
+  var index = url.indexOf('#');
+  return index === -1 ? '' : url.substr(index);
+}
+
+function trimEmptyHash(url) {
+  return url.replace(/#$/, '');
+}
+
+/**
+ * ! This is a private undocumented service !
+ *
+ * @name $browser
+ * @requires $log
+ * @description
+ * This object has two goals:
+ *
+ * - hide all the global state in the browser caused by the window object
+ * - abstract away all the browser specific features and inconsistencies
+ *
+ * For tests we provide {@link ngMock.$browser mock implementation} of the `$browser`
+ * service, which can be used for convenient testing of the application without the interaction with
+ * the real browser apis.
+ */
+/**
+ * @param {object} window The global window object.
+ * @param {object} document jQuery wrapped document.
+ * @param {object} $log window.console or an object with the same interface.
+ * @param {object} $sniffer $sniffer service
+ */
+function Browser(window, document, $log, $sniffer, $$taskTrackerFactory) {
+  var self = this,
+      location = window.location,
+      history = window.history,
+      setTimeout = window.setTimeout,
+      clearTimeout = window.clearTimeout,
+      pendingDeferIds = {},
+      taskTracker = $$taskTrackerFactory($log);
+
+  self.isMock = false;
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Task-tracking API
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  // TODO(vojta): remove this temporary api
+  self.$$completeOutstandingRequest = taskTracker.completeTask;
+  self.$$incOutstandingRequestCount = taskTracker.incTaskCount;
+
+  // TODO(vojta): prefix this method with $$ ?
+  self.notifyWhenNoOutstandingRequests = taskTracker.notifyWhenNoPendingTasks;
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // URL API
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  var cachedState, lastHistoryState,
+      lastBrowserUrl = location.href,
+      baseElement = document.find('base'),
+      pendingLocation = null,
+      getCurrentState = !$sniffer.history ? noop : function getCurrentState() {
+        try {
+          return history.state;
+        } catch (e) {
+          // MSIE can reportedly throw when there is no state (UNCONFIRMED).
+        }
+      };
+
+  cacheState();
+
+  /**
+   * @name $browser#url
+   *
+   * @description
+   * GETTER:
+   * Without any argument, this method just returns current value of `location.href` (with a
+   * trailing `#` stripped of if the hash is empty).
+   *
+   * SETTER:
+   * With at least one argument, this method sets url to new value.
+   * If html5 history api supported, `pushState`/`replaceState` is used, otherwise
+   * `location.href`/`location.replace` is used.
+   * Returns its own instance to allow chaining.
+   *
+   * NOTE: this api is intended for use only by the `$location` service. Please use the
+   * {@link ng.$location $location service} to change url.
+   *
+   * @param {string} url New url (when used as setter)
+   * @param {boolean=} replace Should new url replace current history record?
+   * @param {object=} state State object to use with `pushState`/`replaceState`
+   */
+  self.url = function(url, replace, state) {
+    // In modern browsers `history.state` is `null` by default; treating it separately
+    // from `undefined` would cause `$browser.url('/foo')` to change `history.state`
+    // to undefined via `pushState`. Instead, let's change `undefined` to `null` here.
+    if (isUndefined(state)) {
+      state = null;
+    }
+
+    // Android Browser BFCache causes location, history reference to become stale.
+    if (location !== window.location) location = window.location;
+    if (history !== window.history) history = window.history;
+
+    // setter
+    if (url) {
+      var sameState = lastHistoryState === state;
+
+      // Normalize the inputted URL
+      url = urlResolve(url).href;
+
+      // Don't change anything if previous and current URLs and states match. This also prevents
+      // IE<10 from getting into redirect loop when in LocationHashbangInHtml5Url mode.
+      // See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/commit/ffb2701
+      if (lastBrowserUrl === url && (!$sniffer.history || sameState)) {
+        return self;
+      }
+      var sameBase = lastBrowserUrl && stripHash(lastBrowserUrl) === stripHash(url);
+      lastBrowserUrl = url;
+      lastHistoryState = state;
+      // Don't use history API if only the hash changed
+      // due to a bug in IE10/IE11 which leads
+      // to not firing a `hashchange` nor `popstate` event
+      // in some cases (see #9143).
+      if ($sniffer.history && (!sameBase || !sameState)) {
+        history[replace ? 'replaceState' : 'pushState'](state, '', url);
+        cacheState();
+      } else {
+        if (!sameBase) {
+          pendingLocation = url;
+        }
+        if (replace) {
+          location.replace(url);
+        } else if (!sameBase) {
+          location.href = url;
+        } else {
+          location.hash = getHash(url);
+        }
+        if (location.href !== url) {
+          pendingLocation = url;
+        }
+      }
+      if (pendingLocation) {
+        pendingLocation = url;
+      }
+      return self;
+    // getter
+    } else {
+      // - pendingLocation is needed as browsers don't allow to read out
+      //   the new location.href if a reload happened or if there is a bug like in iOS 9 (see
+      //   https://openradar.appspot.com/22186109).
+      return trimEmptyHash(pendingLocation || location.href);
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @name $browser#state
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is a getter.
+   *
+   * Return history.state or null if history.state is undefined.
+   *
+   * @returns {object} state
+   */
+  self.state = function() {
+    return cachedState;
+  };
+
+  var urlChangeListeners = [],
+      urlChangeInit = false;
+
+  function cacheStateAndFireUrlChange() {
+    pendingLocation = null;
+    fireStateOrUrlChange();
+  }
+
+  // This variable should be used *only* inside the cacheState function.
+  var lastCachedState = null;
+  function cacheState() {
+    // This should be the only place in $browser where `history.state` is read.
+    cachedState = getCurrentState();
+    cachedState = isUndefined(cachedState) ? null : cachedState;
+
+    // Prevent callbacks fo fire twice if both hashchange & popstate were fired.
+    if (equals(cachedState, lastCachedState)) {
+      cachedState = lastCachedState;
+    }
+
+    lastCachedState = cachedState;
+    lastHistoryState = cachedState;
+  }
+
+  function fireStateOrUrlChange() {
+    var prevLastHistoryState = lastHistoryState;
+    cacheState();
+
+    if (lastBrowserUrl === self.url() && prevLastHistoryState === cachedState) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    lastBrowserUrl = self.url();
+    lastHistoryState = cachedState;
+    forEach(urlChangeListeners, function(listener) {
+      listener(self.url(), cachedState);
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @name $browser#onUrlChange
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Register callback function that will be called, when url changes.
+   *
+   * It's only called when the url is changed from outside of AngularJS:
+   * - user types different url into address bar
+   * - user clicks on history (forward/back) button
+   * - user clicks on a link
+   *
+   * It's not called when url is changed by $browser.url() method
+   *
+   * The listener gets called with new url as parameter.
+   *
+   * NOTE: this api is intended for use only by the $location service. Please use the
+   * {@link ng.$location $location service} to monitor url changes in AngularJS apps.
+   *
+   * @param {function(string)} listener Listener function to be called when url changes.
+   * @return {function(string)} Returns the registered listener fn - handy if the fn is anonymous.
+   */
+  self.onUrlChange = function(callback) {
+    // TODO(vojta): refactor to use node's syntax for events
+    if (!urlChangeInit) {
+      // We listen on both (hashchange/popstate) when available, as some browsers don't
+      // fire popstate when user changes the address bar and don't fire hashchange when url
+      // changed by push/replaceState
+
+      // html5 history api - popstate event
+      if ($sniffer.history) jqLite(window).on('popstate', cacheStateAndFireUrlChange);
+      // hashchange event
+      jqLite(window).on('hashchange', cacheStateAndFireUrlChange);
+
+      urlChangeInit = true;
+    }
+
+    urlChangeListeners.push(callback);
+    return callback;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * Remove popstate and hashchange handler from window.
+   *
+   * NOTE: this api is intended for use only by $rootScope.
+   */
+  self.$$applicationDestroyed = function() {
+    jqLite(window).off('hashchange popstate', cacheStateAndFireUrlChange);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Checks whether the url has changed outside of AngularJS.
+   * Needs to be exported to be able to check for changes that have been done in sync,
+   * as hashchange/popstate events fire in async.
+   */
+  self.$$checkUrlChange = fireStateOrUrlChange;
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Misc API
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  /**
+   * @name $browser#baseHref
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Returns current <base href>
+   * (always relative - without domain)
+   *
+   * @returns {string} The current base href
+   */
+  self.baseHref = function() {
+    var href = baseElement.attr('href');
+    return href ? href.replace(/^(https?:)?\/\/[^/]*/, '') : '';
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @name $browser#defer
+   * @param {function()} fn A function, who's execution should be deferred.
+   * @param {number=} [delay=0] Number of milliseconds to defer the function execution.
+   * @param {string=} [taskType=DEFAULT_TASK_TYPE] The type of task that is deferred.
+   * @returns {*} DeferId that can be used to cancel the task via `$browser.defer.cancel()`.
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Executes a fn asynchronously via `setTimeout(fn, delay)`.
+   *
+   * Unlike when calling `setTimeout` directly, in test this function is mocked and instead of using
+   * `setTimeout` in tests, the fns are queued in an array, which can be programmatically flushed
+   * via `$browser.defer.flush()`.
+   *
+   */
+  self.defer = function(fn, delay, taskType) {
+    var timeoutId;
+
+    delay = delay || 0;
+    taskType = taskType || taskTracker.DEFAULT_TASK_TYPE;
+
+    taskTracker.incTaskCount(taskType);
+    timeoutId = setTimeout(function() {
+      delete pendingDeferIds[timeoutId];
+      taskTracker.completeTask(fn, taskType);
+    }, delay);
+    pendingDeferIds[timeoutId] = taskType;
+
+    return timeoutId;
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @name $browser#defer.cancel
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Cancels a deferred task identified with `deferId`.
+   *
+   * @param {*} deferId Token returned by the `$browser.defer` function.
+   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task hasn't executed yet and was successfully
+   *                    canceled.
+   */
+  self.defer.cancel = function(deferId) {
+    if (pendingDeferIds.hasOwnProperty(deferId)) {
+      var taskType = pendingDeferIds[deferId];
+      delete pendingDeferIds[deferId];
+      clearTimeout(deferId);
+      taskTracker.completeTask(noop, taskType);
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  };
+
+}
+
+/** @this */
+function $BrowserProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$window', '$log', '$sniffer', '$document', '$$taskTrackerFactory',
+       function($window,   $log,   $sniffer,   $document,   $$taskTrackerFactory) {
+    return new Browser($window, $document, $log, $sniffer, $$taskTrackerFactory);
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $cacheFactory
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Factory that constructs {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} objects and gives access to
+ * them.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *
+ *  var cache = $cacheFactory('cacheId');
+ *  expect($cacheFactory.get('cacheId')).toBe(cache);
+ *  expect($cacheFactory.get('noSuchCacheId')).not.toBeDefined();
+ *
+ *  cache.put("key", "value");
+ *  cache.put("another key", "another value");
+ *
+ *  // We've specified no options on creation
+ *  expect(cache.info()).toEqual({id: 'cacheId', size: 2});
+ *
+ * ```
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {string} cacheId Name or id of the newly created cache.
+ * @param {object=} options Options object that specifies the cache behavior. Properties:
+ *
+ *   - `{number=}` `capacity` — turns the cache into LRU cache.
+ *
+ * @returns {object} Newly created cache object with the following set of methods:
+ *
+ * - `{object}` `info()` — Returns id, size, and options of cache.
+ * - `{{*}}` `put({string} key, {*} value)` — Puts a new key-value pair into the cache and returns
+ *   it.
+ * - `{{*}}` `get({string} key)` — Returns cached value for `key` or undefined for cache miss.
+ * - `{void}` `remove({string} key)` — Removes a key-value pair from the cache.
+ * - `{void}` `removeAll()` — Removes all cached values.
+ * - `{void}` `destroy()` — Removes references to this cache from $cacheFactory.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="cacheExampleApp" name="cache-factory">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="CacheController">
+         <input ng-model="newCacheKey" placeholder="Key">
+         <input ng-model="newCacheValue" placeholder="Value">
+         <button ng-click="put(newCacheKey, newCacheValue)">Cache</button>
+
+         <p ng-if="keys.length">Cached Values</p>
+         <div ng-repeat="key in keys">
+           <span ng-bind="key"></span>
+           <span>: </span>
+           <b ng-bind="cache.get(key)"></b>
+         </div>
+
+         <p>Cache Info</p>
+         <div ng-repeat="(key, value) in cache.info()">
+           <span ng-bind="key"></span>
+           <span>: </span>
+           <b ng-bind="value"></b>
+         </div>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('cacheExampleApp', []).
+         controller('CacheController', ['$scope', '$cacheFactory', function($scope, $cacheFactory) {
+           $scope.keys = [];
+           $scope.cache = $cacheFactory('cacheId');
+           $scope.put = function(key, value) {
+             if (angular.isUndefined($scope.cache.get(key))) {
+               $scope.keys.push(key);
+             }
+             $scope.cache.put(key, angular.isUndefined(value) ? null : value);
+           };
+         }]);
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       p {
+         margin: 10px 0 3px;
+       }
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+function $CacheFactoryProvider() {
+
+  this.$get = function() {
+    var caches = {};
+
+    function cacheFactory(cacheId, options) {
+      if (cacheId in caches) {
+        throw minErr('$cacheFactory')('iid', 'CacheId \'{0}\' is already taken!', cacheId);
+      }
+
+      var size = 0,
+          stats = extend({}, options, {id: cacheId}),
+          data = createMap(),
+          capacity = (options && options.capacity) || Number.MAX_VALUE,
+          lruHash = createMap(),
+          freshEnd = null,
+          staleEnd = null;
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc type
+       * @name $cacheFactory.Cache
+       *
+       * @description
+       * A cache object used to store and retrieve data, primarily used by
+       * {@link $templateRequest $templateRequest} and the {@link ng.directive:script script}
+       * directive to cache templates and other data.
+       *
+       * ```js
+       *  angular.module('superCache')
+       *    .factory('superCache', ['$cacheFactory', function($cacheFactory) {
+       *      return $cacheFactory('super-cache');
+       *    }]);
+       * ```
+       *
+       * Example test:
+       *
+       * ```js
+       *  it('should behave like a cache', inject(function(superCache) {
+       *    superCache.put('key', 'value');
+       *    superCache.put('another key', 'another value');
+       *
+       *    expect(superCache.info()).toEqual({
+       *      id: 'super-cache',
+       *      size: 2
+       *    });
+       *
+       *    superCache.remove('another key');
+       *    expect(superCache.get('another key')).toBeUndefined();
+       *
+       *    superCache.removeAll();
+       *    expect(superCache.info()).toEqual({
+       *      id: 'super-cache',
+       *      size: 0
+       *    });
+       *  }));
+       * ```
+       */
+      return (caches[cacheId] = {
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#put
+         * @kind function
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Inserts a named entry into the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object to be
+         * retrieved later, and incrementing the size of the cache if the key was not already
+         * present in the cache. If behaving like an LRU cache, it will also remove stale
+         * entries from the set.
+         *
+         * It will not insert undefined values into the cache.
+         *
+         * @param {string} key the key under which the cached data is stored.
+         * @param {*} value the value to store alongside the key. If it is undefined, the key
+         *    will not be stored.
+         * @returns {*} the value stored.
+         */
+        put: function(key, value) {
+          if (isUndefined(value)) return;
+          if (capacity < Number.MAX_VALUE) {
+            var lruEntry = lruHash[key] || (lruHash[key] = {key: key});
+
+            refresh(lruEntry);
+          }
+
+          if (!(key in data)) size++;
+          data[key] = value;
+
+          if (size > capacity) {
+            this.remove(staleEnd.key);
+          }
+
+          return value;
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#get
+         * @kind function
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Retrieves named data stored in the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object.
+         *
+         * @param {string} key the key of the data to be retrieved
+         * @returns {*} the value stored.
+         */
+        get: function(key) {
+          if (capacity < Number.MAX_VALUE) {
+            var lruEntry = lruHash[key];
+
+            if (!lruEntry) return;
+
+            refresh(lruEntry);
+          }
+
+          return data[key];
+        },
+
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#remove
+         * @kind function
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Removes an entry from the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object.
+         *
+         * @param {string} key the key of the entry to be removed
+         */
+        remove: function(key) {
+          if (capacity < Number.MAX_VALUE) {
+            var lruEntry = lruHash[key];
+
+            if (!lruEntry) return;
+
+            if (lruEntry === freshEnd) freshEnd = lruEntry.p;
+            if (lruEntry === staleEnd) staleEnd = lruEntry.n;
+            link(lruEntry.n,lruEntry.p);
+
+            delete lruHash[key];
+          }
+
+          if (!(key in data)) return;
+
+          delete data[key];
+          size--;
+        },
+
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#removeAll
+         * @kind function
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Clears the cache object of any entries.
+         */
+        removeAll: function() {
+          data = createMap();
+          size = 0;
+          lruHash = createMap();
+          freshEnd = staleEnd = null;
+        },
+
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#destroy
+         * @kind function
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Destroys the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object entirely,
+         * removing it from the {@link $cacheFactory $cacheFactory} set.
+         */
+        destroy: function() {
+          data = null;
+          stats = null;
+          lruHash = null;
+          delete caches[cacheId];
+        },
+
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#info
+         * @kind function
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Retrieve information regarding a particular {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache}.
+         *
+         * @returns {object} an object with the following properties:
+         *   <ul>
+         *     <li>**id**: the id of the cache instance</li>
+         *     <li>**size**: the number of entries kept in the cache instance</li>
+         *     <li>**...**: any additional properties from the options object when creating the
+         *       cache.</li>
+         *   </ul>
+         */
+        info: function() {
+          return extend({}, stats, {size: size});
+        }
+      });
+
+
+      /**
+       * makes the `entry` the freshEnd of the LRU linked list
+       */
+      function refresh(entry) {
+        if (entry !== freshEnd) {
+          if (!staleEnd) {
+            staleEnd = entry;
+          } else if (staleEnd === entry) {
+            staleEnd = entry.n;
+          }
+
+          link(entry.n, entry.p);
+          link(entry, freshEnd);
+          freshEnd = entry;
+          freshEnd.n = null;
+        }
+      }
+
+
+      /**
+       * bidirectionally links two entries of the LRU linked list
+       */
+      function link(nextEntry, prevEntry) {
+        if (nextEntry !== prevEntry) {
+          if (nextEntry) nextEntry.p = prevEntry; //p stands for previous, 'prev' didn't minify
+          if (prevEntry) prevEntry.n = nextEntry; //n stands for next, 'next' didn't minify
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $cacheFactory#info
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Get information about all the caches that have been created
+   *
+   * @returns {Object} - key-value map of `cacheId` to the result of calling `cache#info`
+   */
+    cacheFactory.info = function() {
+      var info = {};
+      forEach(caches, function(cache, cacheId) {
+        info[cacheId] = cache.info();
+      });
+      return info;
+    };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $cacheFactory#get
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Get access to a cache object by the `cacheId` used when it was created.
+   *
+   * @param {string} cacheId Name or id of a cache to access.
+   * @returns {object} Cache object identified by the cacheId or undefined if no such cache.
+   */
+    cacheFactory.get = function(cacheId) {
+      return caches[cacheId];
+    };
+
+
+    return cacheFactory;
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $templateCache
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ * `$templateCache` is a {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache object} created by the
+ * {@link ng.$cacheFactory $cacheFactory}.
+ *
+ * The first time a template is used, it is loaded in the template cache for quick retrieval. You
+ * can load templates directly into the cache in a `script` tag, by using {@link $templateRequest},
+ * or by consuming the `$templateCache` service directly.
+ *
+ * Adding via the `script` tag:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ *   <script type="text/ng-template" id="templateId.html">
+ *     <p>This is the content of the template</p>
+ *   </script>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * **Note:** the `script` tag containing the template does not need to be included in the `head` of
+ * the document, but it must be a descendent of the {@link ng.$rootElement $rootElement} (e.g.
+ * element with {@link ngApp} attribute), otherwise the template will be ignored.
+ *
+ * Adding via the `$templateCache` service:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * var myApp = angular.module('myApp', []);
+ * myApp.run(function($templateCache) {
+ *   $templateCache.put('templateId.html', 'This is the content of the template');
+ * });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * To retrieve the template later, simply use it in your component:
+ * ```js
+ * myApp.component('myComponent', {
+ *    templateUrl: 'templateId.html'
+ * });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * or get it via the `$templateCache` service:
+ * ```js
+ * $templateCache.get('templateId.html')
+ * ```
+ *
+ */
+function $TemplateCacheProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$cacheFactory', function($cacheFactory) {
+    return $cacheFactory('templates');
+  }];
+}
+
+/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
+ *     Any commits to this file should be reviewed with security in mind.  *
+ *   Changes to this file can potentially create security vulnerabilities. *
+ *          An approval from 2 Core members with history of modifying      *
+ *                         this file is required.                          *
+ *                                                                         *
+ *  Does the change somehow allow for arbitrary javascript to be executed? *
+ *    Or allows for someone to change the prototype of built-in objects?   *
+ *     Or gives undesired access to variables like document or window?    *
+ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
+
+/* ! VARIABLE/FUNCTION NAMING CONVENTIONS THAT APPLY TO THIS FILE!
+ *
+ * DOM-related variables:
+ *
+ * - "node" - DOM Node
+ * - "element" - DOM Element or Node
+ * - "$node" or "$element" - jqLite-wrapped node or element
+ *
+ *
+ * Compiler related stuff:
+ *
+ * - "linkFn" - linking fn of a single directive
+ * - "nodeLinkFn" - function that aggregates all linking fns for a particular node
+ * - "childLinkFn" -  function that aggregates all linking fns for child nodes of a particular node
+ * - "compositeLinkFn" - function that aggregates all linking fns for a compilation root (nodeList)
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $compile
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Compiles an HTML string or DOM into a template and produces a template function, which
+ * can then be used to link {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope `scope`} and the template together.
+ *
+ * The compilation is a process of walking the DOM tree and matching DOM elements to
+ * {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive directives}.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** This document is an in-depth reference of all directive options.
+ * For a gentle introduction to directives with examples of common use cases,
+ * see the {@link guide/directive directive guide}.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * ## Comprehensive Directive API
+ *
+ * There are many different options for a directive.
+ *
+ * The difference resides in the return value of the factory function.
+ * You can either return a {@link $compile#directive-definition-object Directive Definition Object (see below)}
+ * that defines the directive properties, or just the `postLink` function (all other properties will have
+ * the default values).
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-success">
+ * **Best Practice:** It's recommended to use the "directive definition object" form.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * Here's an example directive declared with a Directive Definition Object:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   var myModule = angular.module(...);
+ *
+ *   myModule.directive('directiveName', function factory(injectables) {
+ *     var directiveDefinitionObject = {
+ *       {@link $compile#-priority- priority}: 0,
+ *       {@link $compile#-template- template}: '<div></div>', // or // function(tElement, tAttrs) { ... },
+ *       // or
+ *       // {@link $compile#-templateurl- templateUrl}: 'directive.html', // or // function(tElement, tAttrs) { ... },
+ *       {@link $compile#-transclude- transclude}: false,
+ *       {@link $compile#-restrict- restrict}: 'A',
+ *       {@link $compile#-templatenamespace- templateNamespace}: 'html',
+ *       {@link $compile#-scope- scope}: false,
+ *       {@link $compile#-controller- controller}: function($scope, $element, $attrs, $transclude, otherInjectables) { ... },
+ *       {@link $compile#-controlleras- controllerAs}: 'stringIdentifier',
+ *       {@link $compile#-bindtocontroller- bindToController}: false,
+ *       {@link $compile#-require- require}: 'siblingDirectiveName', // or // ['^parentDirectiveName', '?optionalDirectiveName', '?^optionalParent'],
+ *       {@link $compile#-multielement- multiElement}: false,
+ *       {@link $compile#-compile- compile}: function compile(tElement, tAttrs, transclude) {
+ *         return {
+ *            {@link $compile#pre-linking-function pre}: function preLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... },
+ *            {@link $compile#post-linking-function post}: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... }
+ *         }
+ *         // or
+ *         // return function postLink( ... ) { ... }
+ *       },
+ *       // or
+ *       // {@link $compile#-link- link}: {
+ *       //  {@link $compile#pre-linking-function pre}: function preLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... },
+ *       //  {@link $compile#post-linking-function post}: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... }
+ *       // }
+ *       // or
+ *       // {@link $compile#-link- link}: function postLink( ... ) { ... }
+ *     };
+ *     return directiveDefinitionObject;
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** Any unspecified options will use the default value. You can see the default values below.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * Therefore the above can be simplified as:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   var myModule = angular.module(...);
+ *
+ *   myModule.directive('directiveName', function factory(injectables) {
+ *     var directiveDefinitionObject = {
+ *       link: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs) { ... }
+ *     };
+ *     return directiveDefinitionObject;
+ *     // or
+ *     // return function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs) { ... }
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * ### Life-cycle hooks
+ * Directive controllers can provide the following methods that are called by AngularJS at points in the life-cycle of the
+ * directive:
+ * * `$onInit()` - Called on each controller after all the controllers on an element have been constructed and
+ *   had their bindings initialized (and before the pre &amp; post linking functions for the directives on
+ *   this element). This is a good place to put initialization code for your controller.
+ * * `$onChanges(changesObj)` - Called whenever one-way (`<`) or interpolation (`@`) bindings are updated. The
+ *   `changesObj` is a hash whose keys are the names of the bound properties that have changed, and the values are an
+ *   object of the form `{ currentValue, previousValue, isFirstChange() }`. Use this hook to trigger updates within a
+ *   component such as cloning the bound value to prevent accidental mutation of the outer value. Note that this will
+ *   also be called when your bindings are initialized.
+ * * `$doCheck()` - Called on each turn of the digest cycle. Provides an opportunity to detect and act on
+ *   changes. Any actions that you wish to take in response to the changes that you detect must be
+ *   invoked from this hook; implementing this has no effect on when `$onChanges` is called. For example, this hook
+ *   could be useful if you wish to perform a deep equality check, or to check a Date object, changes to which would not
+ *   be detected by AngularJS's change detector and thus not trigger `$onChanges`. This hook is invoked with no arguments;
+ *   if detecting changes, you must store the previous value(s) for comparison to the current values.
+ * * `$onDestroy()` - Called on a controller when its containing scope is destroyed. Use this hook for releasing
+ *   external resources, watches and event handlers. Note that components have their `$onDestroy()` hooks called in
+ *   the same order as the `$scope.$broadcast` events are triggered, which is top down. This means that parent
+ *   components will have their `$onDestroy()` hook called before child components.
+ * * `$postLink()` - Called after this controller's element and its children have been linked. Similar to the post-link
+ *   function this hook can be used to set up DOM event handlers and do direct DOM manipulation.
+ *   Note that child elements that contain `templateUrl` directives will not have been compiled and linked since
+ *   they are waiting for their template to load asynchronously and their own compilation and linking has been
+ *   suspended until that occurs.
+ *
+ * #### Comparison with life-cycle hooks in the new Angular
+ * The new Angular also uses life-cycle hooks for its components. While the AngularJS life-cycle hooks are similar there are
+ * some differences that you should be aware of, especially when it comes to moving your code from AngularJS to Angular:
+ *
+ * * AngularJS hooks are prefixed with `$`, such as `$onInit`. Angular hooks are prefixed with `ng`, such as `ngOnInit`.
+ * * AngularJS hooks can be defined on the controller prototype or added to the controller inside its constructor.
+ *   In Angular you can only define hooks on the prototype of the Component class.
+ * * Due to the differences in change-detection, you may get many more calls to `$doCheck` in AngularJS than you would to
+ *   `ngDoCheck` in Angular.
+ * * Changes to the model inside `$doCheck` will trigger new turns of the digest loop, which will cause the changes to be
+ *   propagated throughout the application.
+ *   Angular does not allow the `ngDoCheck` hook to trigger a change outside of the component. It will either throw an
+ *   error or do nothing depending upon the state of `enableProdMode()`.
+ *
+ * #### Life-cycle hook examples
+ *
+ * This example shows how you can check for mutations to a Date object even though the identity of the object
+ * has not changed.
+ *
+ * <example name="doCheckDateExample" module="do-check-module">
+ *   <file name="app.js">
+ *     angular.module('do-check-module', [])
+ *       .component('app', {
+ *         template:
+ *           'Month: <input ng-model="$ctrl.month" ng-change="$ctrl.updateDate()">' +
+ *           'Date: {{ $ctrl.date }}' +
+ *           '<test date="$ctrl.date"></test>',
+ *         controller: function() {
+ *           this.date = new Date();
+ *           this.month = this.date.getMonth();
+ *           this.updateDate = function() {
+ *             this.date.setMonth(this.month);
+ *           };
+ *         }
+ *       })
+ *       .component('test', {
+ *         bindings: { date: '<' },
+ *         template:
+ *           '<pre>{{ $ctrl.log | json }}</pre>',
+ *         controller: function() {
+ *           var previousValue;
+ *           this.log = [];
+ *           this.$doCheck = function() {
+ *             var currentValue = this.date && this.date.valueOf();
+ *             if (previousValue !== currentValue) {
+ *               this.log.push('doCheck: date mutated: ' + this.date);
+ *               previousValue = currentValue;
+ *             }
+ *           };
+ *         }
+ *       });
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <app></app>
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ * This example show how you might use `$doCheck` to trigger changes in your component's inputs even if the
+ * actual identity of the component doesn't change. (Be aware that cloning and deep equality checks on large
+ * arrays or objects can have a negative impact on your application performance.)
+ *
+ * <example name="doCheckArrayExample" module="do-check-module">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <div ng-init="items = []">
+ *       <button ng-click="items.push(items.length)">Add Item</button>
+ *       <button ng-click="items = []">Reset Items</button>
+ *       <pre>{{ items }}</pre>
+ *       <test items="items"></test>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="app.js">
+ *      angular.module('do-check-module', [])
+ *        .component('test', {
+ *          bindings: { items: '<' },
+ *          template:
+ *            '<pre>{{ $ctrl.log | json }}</pre>',
+ *          controller: function() {
+ *            this.log = [];
+ *
+ *            this.$doCheck = function() {
+ *              if (this.items_ref !== this.items) {
+ *                this.log.push('doCheck: items changed');
+ *                this.items_ref = this.items;
+ *              }
+ *              if (!angular.equals(this.items_clone, this.items)) {
+ *                this.log.push('doCheck: items mutated');
+ *                this.items_clone = angular.copy(this.items);
+ *              }
+ *            };
+ *          }
+ *        });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ *
+ * ### Directive Definition Object
+ *
+ * The directive definition object provides instructions to the {@link ng.$compile
+ * compiler}. The attributes are:
+ *
+ * #### `multiElement`
+ * When this property is set to true (default is `false`), the HTML compiler will collect DOM nodes between
+ * nodes with the attributes `directive-name-start` and `directive-name-end`, and group them
+ * together as the directive elements. It is recommended that this feature be used on directives
+ * which are not strictly behavioral (such as {@link ngClick}), and which
+ * do not manipulate or replace child nodes (such as {@link ngInclude}).
+ *
+ * #### `priority`
+ * When there are multiple directives defined on a single DOM element, sometimes it
+ * is necessary to specify the order in which the directives are applied. The `priority` is used
+ * to sort the directives before their `compile` functions get called. Priority is defined as a
+ * number. Directives with greater numerical `priority` are compiled first. Pre-link functions
+ * are also run in priority order, but post-link functions are run in reverse order. The order
+ * of directives with the same priority is undefined. The default priority is `0`.
+ *
+ * #### `terminal`
+ * If set to true then the current `priority` will be the last set of directives
+ * which will execute (any directives at the current priority will still execute
+ * as the order of execution on same `priority` is undefined). Note that expressions
+ * and other directives used in the directive's template will also be excluded from execution.
+ *
+ * #### `scope`
+ * The scope property can be `false`, `true`, or an object:
+ *
+ * * **`false` (default):** No scope will be created for the directive. The directive will use its
+ * parent's scope.
+ *
+ * * **`true`:** A new child scope that prototypically inherits from its parent will be created for
+ * the directive's element. If multiple directives on the same element request a new scope,
+ * only one new scope is created.
+ *
+ * * **`{...}` (an object hash):** A new "isolate" scope is created for the directive's template.
+ * The 'isolate' scope differs from normal scope in that it does not prototypically
+ * inherit from its parent scope. This is useful when creating reusable components, which should not
+ * accidentally read or modify data in the parent scope. Note that an isolate scope
+ * directive without a `template` or `templateUrl` will not apply the isolate scope
+ * to its children elements.
+ *
+ * The 'isolate' scope object hash defines a set of local scope properties derived from attributes on the
+ * directive's element. These local properties are useful for aliasing values for templates. The keys in
+ * the object hash map to the name of the property on the isolate scope; the values define how the property
+ * is bound to the parent scope, via matching attributes on the directive's element:
+ *
+ * * `@` or `@attr` - bind a local scope property to the value of DOM attribute. The result is
+ *   always a string since DOM attributes are strings. If no `attr` name is specified then the
+ *   attribute name is assumed to be the same as the local name. Given `<my-component
+ *   my-attr="hello {{name}}">` and the isolate scope definition `scope: { localName:'@myAttr' }`,
+ *   the directive's scope property `localName` will reflect the interpolated value of `hello
+ *   {{name}}`. As the `name` attribute changes so will the `localName` property on the directive's
+ *   scope. The `name` is read from the parent scope (not the directive's scope).
+ *
+ * * `=` or `=attr` - set up a bidirectional binding between a local scope property and an expression
+ *   passed via the attribute `attr`. The expression is evaluated in the context of the parent scope.
+ *   If no `attr` name is specified then the attribute name is assumed to be the same as the local
+ *   name. Given `<my-component my-attr="parentModel">` and the isolate scope definition `scope: {
+ *   localModel: '=myAttr' }`, the property `localModel` on the directive's scope will reflect the
+ *   value of `parentModel` on the parent scope. Changes to `parentModel` will be reflected in
+ *   `localModel` and vice versa. If the binding expression is non-assignable, or if the attribute
+ *   isn't  optional and doesn't exist, an exception
+ *   ({@link error/$compile/nonassign `$compile:nonassign`}) will be thrown upon discovering changes
+ *   to the local value, since it will be impossible to sync them back to the parent scope.
+ *
+ *   By default, the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch `$watch`}
+ *   method is used for tracking changes, and the equality check is based on object identity.
+ *   However, if an object literal or an array literal is passed as the binding expression, the
+ *   equality check is done by value (using the {@link angular.equals} function). It's also possible
+ *   to watch the evaluated value shallowly with {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watchCollection
+ *   `$watchCollection`}: use `=*` or `=*attr`
+ *
+  * * `<` or `<attr` - set up a one-way (one-directional) binding between a local scope property and an
+ *   expression passed via the attribute `attr`. The expression is evaluated in the context of the
+ *   parent scope. If no `attr` name is specified then the attribute name is assumed to be the same as the
+ *   local name.
+ *
+ *   For example, given `<my-component my-attr="parentModel">` and directive definition of
+ *   `scope: { localModel:'<myAttr' }`, then the isolated scope property `localModel` will reflect the
+ *   value of `parentModel` on the parent scope. Any changes to `parentModel` will be reflected
+ *   in `localModel`, but changes in `localModel` will not reflect in `parentModel`. There are however
+ *   two caveats:
+ *     1. one-way binding does not copy the value from the parent to the isolate scope, it simply
+ *     sets the same value. That means if your bound value is an object, changes to its properties
+ *     in the isolated scope will be reflected in the parent scope (because both reference the same object).
+ *     2. one-way binding watches changes to the **identity** of the parent value. That means the
+ *     {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch `$watch`} on the parent value only fires if the reference
+ *     to the value has changed. In most cases, this should not be of concern, but can be important
+ *     to know if you one-way bind to an object, and then replace that object in the isolated scope.
+ *     If you now change a property of the object in your parent scope, the change will not be
+ *     propagated to the isolated scope, because the identity of the object on the parent scope
+ *     has not changed. Instead you must assign a new object.
+ *
+ *   One-way binding is useful if you do not plan to propagate changes to your isolated scope bindings
+ *   back to the parent. However, it does not make this completely impossible.
+ *
+ *   By default, the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch `$watch`}
+ *   method is used for tracking changes, and the equality check is based on object identity.
+ *   It's also possible to watch the evaluated value shallowly with
+ *   {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watchCollection `$watchCollection`}: use `<*` or `<*attr`
+ *
+ * * `&` or `&attr` - provides a way to execute an expression in the context of the parent scope. If
+ *   no `attr` name is specified then the attribute name is assumed to be the same as the local name.
+ *   Given `<my-component my-attr="count = count + value">` and the isolate scope definition `scope: {
+ *   localFn:'&myAttr' }`, the isolate scope property `localFn` will point to a function wrapper for
+ *   the `count = count + value` expression. Often it's desirable to pass data from the isolated scope
+ *   via an expression to the parent scope. This can be done by passing a map of local variable names
+ *   and values into the expression wrapper fn. For example, if the expression is `increment(amount)`
+ *   then we can specify the amount value by calling the `localFn` as `localFn({amount: 22})`.
+ *
+ * All 4 kinds of bindings (`@`, `=`, `<`, and `&`) can be made optional by adding `?` to the expression.
+ * The marker must come after the mode and before the attribute name.
+ * See the {@link error/$compile/iscp Invalid Isolate Scope Definition error} for definition examples.
+ * This is useful to refine the interface directives provide.
+ * One subtle difference between optional and non-optional happens **when the binding attribute is not
+ * set**:
+ * - the binding is optional: the property will not be defined
+ * - the binding is not optional: the property is defined
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *app.directive('testDir', function() {
+    return {
+      scope: {
+        notoptional: '=',
+        optional: '=?',
+      },
+      bindToController: true,
+      controller: function() {
+        this.$onInit = function() {
+          console.log(this.hasOwnProperty('notoptional')) // true
+          console.log(this.hasOwnProperty('optional')) // false
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  })
+ *```
+ *
+ *
+ * ##### Combining directives with different scope defintions
+ *
+ * In general it's possible to apply more than one directive to one element, but there might be limitations
+ * depending on the type of scope required by the directives. The following points will help explain these limitations.
+ * For simplicity only two directives are taken into account, but it is also applicable for several directives:
+ *
+ * * **no scope** + **no scope** => Two directives which don't require their own scope will use their parent's scope
+ * * **child scope** + **no scope** =>  Both directives will share one single child scope
+ * * **child scope** + **child scope** =>  Both directives will share one single child scope
+ * * **isolated scope** + **no scope** =>  The isolated directive will use it's own created isolated scope. The other directive will use
+ * its parent's scope
+ * * **isolated scope** + **child scope** =>  **Won't work!** Only one scope can be related to one element. Therefore these directives cannot
+ * be applied to the same element.
+ * * **isolated scope** + **isolated scope**  =>  **Won't work!** Only one scope can be related to one element. Therefore these directives
+ * cannot be applied to the same element.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `bindToController`
+ * This property is used to bind scope properties directly to the controller. It can be either
+ * `true` or an object hash with the same format as the `scope` property.
+ *
+ * When an isolate scope is used for a directive (see above), `bindToController: true` will
+ * allow a component to have its properties bound to the controller, rather than to scope.
+ *
+ * After the controller is instantiated, the initial values of the isolate scope bindings will be bound to the controller
+ * properties. You can access these bindings once they have been initialized by providing a controller method called
+ * `$onInit`, which is called after all the controllers on an element have been constructed and had their bindings
+ * initialized.
+ *
+ * It is also possible to set `bindToController` to an object hash with the same format as the `scope` property.
+ * This will set up the scope bindings to the controller directly. Note that `scope` can still be used
+ * to define which kind of scope is created. By default, no scope is created. Use `scope: {}` to create an isolate
+ * scope (useful for component directives).
+ *
+ * If both `bindToController` and `scope` are defined and have object hashes, `bindToController` overrides `scope`.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `controller`
+ * Controller constructor function. The controller is instantiated before the
+ * pre-linking phase and can be accessed by other directives (see
+ * `require` attribute). This allows the directives to communicate with each other and augment
+ * each other's behavior. The controller is injectable (and supports bracket notation) with the following locals:
+ *
+ * * `$scope` - Current scope associated with the element
+ * * `$element` - Current element
+ * * `$attrs` - Current attributes object for the element
+ * * `$transclude` - A transclude linking function pre-bound to the correct transclusion scope:
+ *   `function([scope], cloneLinkingFn, futureParentElement, slotName)`:
+ *    * `scope`: (optional) override the scope.
+ *    * `cloneLinkingFn`: (optional) argument to create clones of the original transcluded content.
+ *    * `futureParentElement` (optional):
+ *        * defines the parent to which the `cloneLinkingFn` will add the cloned elements.
+ *        * default: `$element.parent()` resp. `$element` for `transclude:'element'` resp. `transclude:true`.
+ *        * only needed for transcludes that are allowed to contain non html elements (e.g. SVG elements)
+ *          and when the `cloneLinkingFn` is passed,
+ *          as those elements need to created and cloned in a special way when they are defined outside their
+ *          usual containers (e.g. like `<svg>`).
+ *        * See also the `directive.templateNamespace` property.
+ *    * `slotName`: (optional) the name of the slot to transclude. If falsy (e.g. `null`, `undefined` or `''`)
+ *      then the default transclusion is provided.
+ *    The `$transclude` function also has a method on it, `$transclude.isSlotFilled(slotName)`, which returns
+ *    `true` if the specified slot contains content (i.e. one or more DOM nodes).
+ *
+ * #### `require`
+ * Require another directive and inject its controller as the fourth argument to the linking function. The
+ * `require` property can be a string, an array or an object:
+ * * a **string** containing the name of the directive to pass to the linking function
+ * * an **array** containing the names of directives to pass to the linking function. The argument passed to the
+ * linking function will be an array of controllers in the same order as the names in the `require` property
+ * * an **object** whose property values are the names of the directives to pass to the linking function. The argument
+ * passed to the linking function will also be an object with matching keys, whose values will hold the corresponding
+ * controllers.
+ *
+ * If the `require` property is an object and `bindToController` is truthy, then the required controllers are
+ * bound to the controller using the keys of the `require` property. This binding occurs after all the controllers
+ * have been constructed but before `$onInit` is called.
+ * If the name of the required controller is the same as the local name (the key), the name can be
+ * omitted. For example, `{parentDir: '^^'}` is equivalent to `{parentDir: '^^parentDir'}`.
+ * See the {@link $compileProvider#component} helper for an example of how this can be used.
+ * If no such required directive(s) can be found, or if the directive does not have a controller, then an error is
+ * raised (unless no link function is specified and the required controllers are not being bound to the directive
+ * controller, in which case error checking is skipped). The name can be prefixed with:
+ *
+ * * (no prefix) - Locate the required controller on the current element. Throw an error if not found.
+ * * `?` - Attempt to locate the required controller or pass `null` to the `link` fn if not found.
+ * * `^` - Locate the required controller by searching the element and its parents. Throw an error if not found.
+ * * `^^` - Locate the required controller by searching the element's parents. Throw an error if not found.
+ * * `?^` - Attempt to locate the required controller by searching the element and its parents or pass
+ *   `null` to the `link` fn if not found.
+ * * `?^^` - Attempt to locate the required controller by searching the element's parents, or pass
+ *   `null` to the `link` fn if not found.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `controllerAs`
+ * Identifier name for a reference to the controller in the directive's scope.
+ * This allows the controller to be referenced from the directive template. This is especially
+ * useful when a directive is used as component, i.e. with an `isolate` scope. It's also possible
+ * to use it in a directive without an `isolate` / `new` scope, but you need to be aware that the
+ * `controllerAs` reference might overwrite a property that already exists on the parent scope.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `restrict`
+ * String of subset of `EACM` which restricts the directive to a specific directive
+ * declaration style. If omitted, the defaults (elements and attributes) are used.
+ *
+ * * `E` - Element name (default): `<my-directive></my-directive>`
+ * * `A` - Attribute (default): `<div my-directive="exp"></div>`
+ * * `C` - Class: `<div class="my-directive: exp;"></div>`
+ * * `M` - Comment: `<!-- directive: my-directive exp -->`
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `templateNamespace`
+ * String representing the document type used by the markup in the template.
+ * AngularJS needs this information as those elements need to be created and cloned
+ * in a special way when they are defined outside their usual containers like `<svg>` and `<math>`.
+ *
+ * * `html` - All root nodes in the template are HTML. Root nodes may also be
+ *   top-level elements such as `<svg>` or `<math>`.
+ * * `svg` - The root nodes in the template are SVG elements (excluding `<math>`).
+ * * `math` - The root nodes in the template are MathML elements (excluding `<svg>`).
+ *
+ * If no `templateNamespace` is specified, then the namespace is considered to be `html`.
+ *
+ * #### `template`
+ * HTML markup that may:
+ * * Replace the contents of the directive's element (default).
+ * * Replace the directive's element itself (if `replace` is true - DEPRECATED).
+ * * Wrap the contents of the directive's element (if `transclude` is true).
+ *
+ * Value may be:
+ *
+ * * A string. For example `<div red-on-hover>{{delete_str}}</div>`.
+ * * A function which takes two arguments `tElement` and `tAttrs` (described in the `compile`
+ *   function api below) and returns a string value.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `templateUrl`
+ * This is similar to `template` but the template is loaded from the specified URL, asynchronously.
+ *
+ * Because template loading is asynchronous the compiler will suspend compilation of directives on that element
+ * for later when the template has been resolved.  In the meantime it will continue to compile and link
+ * sibling and parent elements as though this element had not contained any directives.
+ *
+ * The compiler does not suspend the entire compilation to wait for templates to be loaded because this
+ * would result in the whole app "stalling" until all templates are loaded asynchronously - even in the
+ * case when only one deeply nested directive has `templateUrl`.
+ *
+ * Template loading is asynchronous even if the template has been preloaded into the {@link $templateCache}.
+ *
+ * You can specify `templateUrl` as a string representing the URL or as a function which takes two
+ * arguments `tElement` and `tAttrs` (described in the `compile` function api below) and returns
+ * a string value representing the url.  In either case, the template URL is passed through {@link
+ * $sce#getTrustedResourceUrl $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl}.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `replace`
+ * <div class="alert alert-danger">
+ * **Note:** `replace` is deprecated in AngularJS and has been removed in the new Angular (v2+).
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * Specifies what the template should replace. Defaults to `false`.
+ *
+ * * `true` - the template will replace the directive's element.
+ * * `false` - the template will replace the contents of the directive's element.
+ *
+ * The replacement process migrates all of the attributes / classes from the old element to the new
+ * one. See the {@link guide/directive#template-expanding-directive
+ * Directives Guide} for an example.
+ *
+ * There are very few scenarios where element replacement is required for the application function,
+ * the main one being reusable custom components that are used within SVG contexts
+ * (because SVG doesn't work with custom elements in the DOM tree).
+ *
+ * #### `transclude`
+ * Extract the contents of the element where the directive appears and make it available to the directive.
+ * The contents are compiled and provided to the directive as a **transclusion function**. See the
+ * {@link $compile#transclusion Transclusion} section below.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `compile`
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   function compile(tElement, tAttrs, transclude) { ... }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The compile function deals with transforming the template DOM. Since most directives do not do
+ * template transformation, it is not used often. The compile function takes the following arguments:
+ *
+ *   * `tElement` - template element - The element where the directive has been declared. It is
+ *     safe to do template transformation on the element and child elements only.
+ *
+ *   * `tAttrs` - template attributes - Normalized list of attributes declared on this element shared
+ *     between all directive compile functions.
+ *
+ *   * `transclude` -  [*DEPRECATED*!] A transclude linking function: `function(scope, cloneLinkingFn)`
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** The template instance and the link instance may be different objects if the template has
+ * been cloned. For this reason it is **not** safe to do anything other than DOM transformations that
+ * apply to all cloned DOM nodes within the compile function. Specifically, DOM listener registration
+ * should be done in a linking function rather than in a compile function.
+ * </div>
+
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** The compile function cannot handle directives that recursively use themselves in their
+ * own templates or compile functions. Compiling these directives results in an infinite loop and
+ * stack overflow errors.
+ *
+ * This can be avoided by manually using `$compile` in the postLink function to imperatively compile
+ * a directive's template instead of relying on automatic template compilation via `template` or
+ * `templateUrl` declaration or manual compilation inside the compile function.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-danger">
+ * **Note:** The `transclude` function that is passed to the compile function is deprecated, as it
+ *   e.g. does not know about the right outer scope. Please use the transclude function that is passed
+ *   to the link function instead.
+ * </div>
+
+ * A compile function can have a return value which can be either a function or an object.
+ *
+ * * returning a (post-link) function - is equivalent to registering the linking function via the
+ *   `link` property of the config object when the compile function is empty.
+ *
+ * * returning an object with function(s) registered via `pre` and `post` properties - allows you to
+ *   control when a linking function should be called during the linking phase. See info about
+ *   pre-linking and post-linking functions below.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `link`
+ * This property is used only if the `compile` property is not defined.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   function link(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller, transcludeFn) { ... }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The link function is responsible for registering DOM listeners as well as updating the DOM. It is
+ * executed after the template has been cloned. This is where most of the directive logic will be
+ * put.
+ *
+ *   * `scope` - {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope Scope} - The scope to be used by the
+ *     directive for registering {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watches}.
+ *
+ *   * `iElement` - instance element - The element where the directive is to be used. It is safe to
+ *     manipulate the children of the element only in `postLink` function since the children have
+ *     already been linked.
+ *
+ *   * `iAttrs` - instance attributes - Normalized list of attributes declared on this element shared
+ *     between all directive linking functions.
+ *
+ *   * `controller` - the directive's required controller instance(s) - Instances are shared
+ *     among all directives, which allows the directives to use the controllers as a communication
+ *     channel. The exact value depends on the directive's `require` property:
+ *       * no controller(s) required: the directive's own controller, or `undefined` if it doesn't have one
+ *       * `string`: the controller instance
+ *       * `array`: array of controller instances
+ *
+ *     If a required controller cannot be found, and it is optional, the instance is `null`,
+ *     otherwise the {@link error:$compile:ctreq Missing Required Controller} error is thrown.
+ *
+ *     Note that you can also require the directive's own controller - it will be made available like
+ *     any other controller.
+ *
+ *   * `transcludeFn` - A transclude linking function pre-bound to the correct transclusion scope.
+ *     This is the same as the `$transclude` parameter of directive controllers,
+ *     see {@link ng.$compile#-controller- the controller section for details}.
+ *     `function([scope], cloneLinkingFn, futureParentElement)`.
+ *
+ * #### Pre-linking function
+ *
+ * Executed before the child elements are linked. Not safe to do DOM transformation since the
+ * compiler linking function will fail to locate the correct elements for linking.
+ *
+ * #### Post-linking function
+ *
+ * Executed after the child elements are linked.
+ *
+ * Note that child elements that contain `templateUrl` directives will not have been compiled
+ * and linked since they are waiting for their template to load asynchronously and their own
+ * compilation and linking has been suspended until that occurs.
+ *
+ * It is safe to do DOM transformation in the post-linking function on elements that are not waiting
+ * for their async templates to be resolved.
+ *
+ *
+ * ### Transclusion
+ *
+ * Transclusion is the process of extracting a collection of DOM elements from one part of the DOM and
+ * copying them to another part of the DOM, while maintaining their connection to the original AngularJS
+ * scope from where they were taken.
+ *
+ * Transclusion is used (often with {@link ngTransclude}) to insert the
+ * original contents of a directive's element into a specified place in the template of the directive.
+ * The benefit of transclusion, over simply moving the DOM elements manually, is that the transcluded
+ * content has access to the properties on the scope from which it was taken, even if the directive
+ * has isolated scope.
+ * See the {@link guide/directive#creating-a-directive-that-wraps-other-elements Directives Guide}.
+ *
+ * This makes it possible for the widget to have private state for its template, while the transcluded
+ * content has access to its originating scope.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** When testing an element transclude directive you must not place the directive at the root of the
+ * DOM fragment that is being compiled. See {@link guide/unit-testing#testing-transclusion-directives
+ * Testing Transclusion Directives}.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * There are three kinds of transclusion depending upon whether you want to transclude just the contents of the
+ * directive's element, the entire element or multiple parts of the element contents:
+ *
+ * * `true` - transclude the content (i.e. the child nodes) of the directive's element.
+ * * `'element'` - transclude the whole of the directive's element including any directives on this
+ *   element that are defined at a lower priority than this directive. When used, the `template`
+ *   property is ignored.
+ * * **`{...}` (an object hash):** - map elements of the content onto transclusion "slots" in the template.
+ *
+ * **Multi-slot transclusion** is declared by providing an object for the `transclude` property.
+ *
+ * This object is a map where the keys are the name of the slot to fill and the value is an element selector
+ * used to match the HTML to the slot. The element selector should be in normalized form (e.g. `myElement`)
+ * and will match the standard element variants (e.g. `my-element`, `my:element`, `data-my-element`, etc).
+ *
+ * For further information check out the guide on {@link guide/directive#matching-directives Matching Directives}.
+ *
+ * If the element selector is prefixed with a `?` then that slot is optional.
+ *
+ * For example, the transclude object `{ slotA: '?myCustomElement' }` maps `<my-custom-element>` elements to
+ * the `slotA` slot, which can be accessed via the `$transclude` function or via the {@link ngTransclude} directive.
+ *
+ * Slots that are not marked as optional (`?`) will trigger a compile time error if there are no matching elements
+ * in the transclude content. If you wish to know if an optional slot was filled with content, then you can call
+ * `$transclude.isSlotFilled(slotName)` on the transclude function passed to the directive's link function and
+ * injectable into the directive's controller.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### Transclusion Functions
+ *
+ * When a directive requests transclusion, the compiler extracts its contents and provides a **transclusion
+ * function** to the directive's `link` function and `controller`. This transclusion function is a special
+ * **linking function** that will return the compiled contents linked to a new transclusion scope.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ * If you are just using {@link ngTransclude} then you don't need to worry about this function, since
+ * ngTransclude will deal with it for us.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * If you want to manually control the insertion and removal of the transcluded content in your directive
+ * then you must use this transclude function. When you call a transclude function it returns a jqLite/JQuery
+ * object that contains the compiled DOM, which is linked to the correct transclusion scope.
+ *
+ * When you call a transclusion function you can pass in a **clone attach function**. This function accepts
+ * two parameters, `function(clone, scope) { ... }`, where the `clone` is a fresh compiled copy of your transcluded
+ * content and the `scope` is the newly created transclusion scope, which the clone will be linked to.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ * **Best Practice**: Always provide a `cloneFn` (clone attach function) when you call a transclude function
+ * since you then get a fresh clone of the original DOM and also have access to the new transclusion scope.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * It is normal practice to attach your transcluded content (`clone`) to the DOM inside your **clone
+ * attach function**:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * var transcludedContent, transclusionScope;
+ *
+ * $transclude(function(clone, scope) {
+ *   element.append(clone);
+ *   transcludedContent = clone;
+ *   transclusionScope = scope;
+ * });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Later, if you want to remove the transcluded content from your DOM then you should also destroy the
+ * associated transclusion scope:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * transcludedContent.remove();
+ * transclusionScope.$destroy();
+ * ```
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ * **Best Practice**: if you intend to add and remove transcluded content manually in your directive
+ * (by calling the transclude function to get the DOM and calling `element.remove()` to remove it),
+ * then you are also responsible for calling `$destroy` on the transclusion scope.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * The built-in DOM manipulation directives, such as {@link ngIf}, {@link ngSwitch} and {@link ngRepeat}
+ * automatically destroy their transcluded clones as necessary so you do not need to worry about this if
+ * you are simply using {@link ngTransclude} to inject the transclusion into your directive.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### Transclusion Scopes
+ *
+ * When you call a transclude function it returns a DOM fragment that is pre-bound to a **transclusion
+ * scope**. This scope is special, in that it is a child of the directive's scope (and so gets destroyed
+ * when the directive's scope gets destroyed) but it inherits the properties of the scope from which it
+ * was taken.
+ *
+ * For example consider a directive that uses transclusion and isolated scope. The DOM hierarchy might look
+ * like this:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <div ng-app>
+ *   <div isolate>
+ *     <div transclusion>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </div>
+ * </div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The `$parent` scope hierarchy will look like this:
+ *
+   ```
+   - $rootScope
+     - isolate
+       - transclusion
+   ```
+ *
+ * but the scopes will inherit prototypically from different scopes to their `$parent`.
+ *
+   ```
+   - $rootScope
+     - transclusion
+   - isolate
+   ```
+ *
+ *
+ * ### Attributes
+ *
+ * The {@link ng.$compile.directive.Attributes Attributes} object - passed as a parameter in the
+ * `link()` or `compile()` functions. It has a variety of uses.
+ *
+ * * *Accessing normalized attribute names:* Directives like `ngBind` can be expressed in many ways:
+ *   `ng:bind`, `data-ng-bind`, or `x-ng-bind`. The attributes object allows for normalized access
+ *   to the attributes.
+ *
+ * * *Directive inter-communication:* All directives share the same instance of the attributes
+ *   object which allows the directives to use the attributes object as inter directive
+ *   communication.
+ *
+ * * *Supports interpolation:* Interpolation attributes are assigned to the attribute object
+ *   allowing other directives to read the interpolated value.
+ *
+ * * *Observing interpolated attributes:* Use `$observe` to observe the value changes of attributes
+ *   that contain interpolation (e.g. `src="{{bar}}"`). Not only is this very efficient but it's also
+ *   the only way to easily get the actual value because during the linking phase the interpolation
+ *   hasn't been evaluated yet and so the value is at this time set to `undefined`.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * function linkingFn(scope, elm, attrs, ctrl) {
+ *   // get the attribute value
+ *   console.log(attrs.ngModel);
+ *
+ *   // change the attribute
+ *   attrs.$set('ngModel', 'new value');
+ *
+ *   // observe changes to interpolated attribute
+ *   attrs.$observe('ngModel', function(value) {
+ *     console.log('ngModel has changed value to ' + value);
+ *   });
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * ## Example
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note**: Typically directives are registered with `module.directive`. The example below is
+ * to illustrate how `$compile` works.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ <example module="compileExample" name="compile">
+   <file name="index.html">
+    <script>
+      angular.module('compileExample', [], function($compileProvider) {
+        // Configure new 'compile' directive by passing a directive
+        // factory function. The factory function injects '$compile'.
+        $compileProvider.directive('compile', function($compile) {
+          // The directive factory creates a link function.
+          return function(scope, element, attrs) {
+            scope.$watch(
+              function(scope) {
+                // Watch the 'compile' expression for changes.
+                return scope.$eval(attrs.compile);
+              },
+              function(value) {
+                // When the 'compile' expression changes
+                // assign it into the current DOM.
+                element.html(value);
+
+                // Compile the new DOM and link it to the current scope.
+                // NOTE: we only compile '.childNodes' so that we
+                // don't get into an infinite loop compiling ourselves.
+                $compile(element.contents())(scope);
+              }
+            );
+          };
+        });
+      })
+      .controller('GreeterController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+        $scope.name = 'AngularJS';
+        $scope.html = 'Hello {{name}}';
+      }]);
+    </script>
+    <div ng-controller="GreeterController">
+      <input ng-model="name"> <br/>
+      <textarea ng-model="html"></textarea> <br/>
+      <div compile="html"></div>
+    </div>
+   </file>
+   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+     it('should auto compile', function() {
+       var textarea = $('textarea');
+       var output = $('div[compile]');
+       // The initial state reads 'Hello AngularJS'.
+       expect(output.getText()).toBe('Hello AngularJS');
+       textarea.clear();
+       textarea.sendKeys('{{name}}!');
+       expect(output.getText()).toBe('AngularJS!');
+     });
+   </file>
+ </example>
+
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {string|DOMElement} element Element or HTML string to compile into a template function.
+ * @param {function(angular.Scope, cloneAttachFn=)} transclude function available to directives - DEPRECATED.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-danger">
+ * **Note:** Passing a `transclude` function to the $compile function is deprecated, as it
+ *   e.g. will not use the right outer scope. Please pass the transclude function as a
+ *   `parentBoundTranscludeFn` to the link function instead.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @param {number} maxPriority only apply directives lower than given priority (Only effects the
+ *                 root element(s), not their children)
+ * @returns {function(scope, cloneAttachFn=, options=)} a link function which is used to bind template
+ * (a DOM element/tree) to a scope. Where:
+ *
+ *  * `scope` - A {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope Scope} to bind to.
+ *  * `cloneAttachFn` - If `cloneAttachFn` is provided, then the link function will clone the
+ *  `template` and call the `cloneAttachFn` function allowing the caller to attach the
+ *  cloned elements to the DOM document at the appropriate place. The `cloneAttachFn` is
+ *  called as: <br/> `cloneAttachFn(clonedElement, scope)` where:
+ *
+ *      * `clonedElement` - is a clone of the original `element` passed into the compiler.
+ *      * `scope` - is the current scope with which the linking function is working with.
+ *
+ *  * `options` - An optional object hash with linking options. If `options` is provided, then the following
+ *  keys may be used to control linking behavior:
+ *
+ *      * `parentBoundTranscludeFn` - the transclude function made available to
+ *        directives; if given, it will be passed through to the link functions of
+ *        directives found in `element` during compilation.
+ *      * `transcludeControllers` - an object hash with keys that map controller names
+ *        to a hash with the key `instance`, which maps to the controller instance;
+ *        if given, it will make the controllers available to directives on the compileNode:
+ *        ```
+ *        {
+ *          parent: {
+ *            instance: parentControllerInstance
+ *          }
+ *        }
+ *        ```
+ *      * `futureParentElement` - defines the parent to which the `cloneAttachFn` will add
+ *        the cloned elements; only needed for transcludes that are allowed to contain non HTML
+ *        elements (e.g. SVG elements). See also the `directive.controller` property.
+ *
+ * Calling the linking function returns the element of the template. It is either the original
+ * element passed in, or the clone of the element if the `cloneAttachFn` is provided.
+ *
+ * After linking the view is not updated until after a call to `$digest`, which typically is done by
+ * AngularJS automatically.
+ *
+ * If you need access to the bound view, there are two ways to do it:
+ *
+ * - If you are not asking the linking function to clone the template, create the DOM element(s)
+ *   before you send them to the compiler and keep this reference around.
+ *   ```js
+ *     var element = angular.element('<p>{{total}}</p>');
+ *     $compile(element)(scope);
+ *   ```
+ *
+ * - if on the other hand, you need the element to be cloned, the view reference from the original
+ *   example would not point to the clone, but rather to the original template that was cloned. In
+ *   this case, you can access the clone either via the `cloneAttachFn` or the value returned by the
+ *   linking function:
+ *   ```js
+ *     var templateElement = angular.element('<p>{{total}}</p>');
+ *     var clonedElement = $compile(templateElement)(scope, function(clonedElement, scope) {
+ *       // Attach the clone to DOM document at the right place.
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     // Now we have reference to the cloned DOM via `clonedElement`.
+ *     // NOTE: The `clonedElement` returned by the linking function is the same as the
+ *     //       `clonedElement` passed to `cloneAttachFn`.
+ *   ```
+ *
+ *
+ * For information on how the compiler works, see the
+ * {@link guide/compiler AngularJS HTML Compiler} section of the Developer Guide.
+ *
+ * @knownIssue
+ *
+ * ### Double Compilation
+ *
+   Double compilation occurs when an already compiled part of the DOM gets
+   compiled again. This is an undesired effect and can lead to misbehaving directives, performance issues,
+   and memory leaks. Refer to the Compiler Guide {@link guide/compiler#double-compilation-and-how-to-avoid-it
+   section on double compilation} for an in-depth explanation and ways to avoid it.
+
+ * @knownIssue
+
+   ### Issues with `replace: true`
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-danger">
+ *   **Note**: {@link $compile#-replace- `replace: true`} is deprecated and not recommended to use,
+ *   mainly due to the issues listed here. It has been completely removed in the new Angular.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * #### Attribute values are not merged
+ *
+ * When a `replace` directive encounters the same attribute on the original and the replace node,
+ * it will simply deduplicate the attribute and join the values with a space or with a `;` in case of
+ * the `style` attribute.
+ * ```html
+ * Original Node: <span class="original" style="color: red;"></span>
+ * Replace Template: <span class="replaced" style="background: blue;"></span>
+ * Result: <span class="original replaced" style="color: red; background: blue;"></span>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * That means attributes that contain AngularJS expressions will not be merged correctly, e.g.
+ * {@link ngShow} or {@link ngClass} will cause a {@link $parse} error:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * Original Node: <span ng-class="{'something': something}" ng-show="!condition"></span>
+ * Replace Template: <span ng-class="{'else': else}" ng-show="otherCondition"></span>
+ * Result: <span ng-class="{'something': something} {'else': else}" ng-show="!condition otherCondition"></span>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * See issue [#5695](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/5695).
+ *
+ * #### Directives are not deduplicated before compilation
+ *
+ * When the original node and the replace template declare the same directive(s), they will be
+ * {@link guide/compiler#double-compilation-and-how-to-avoid-it compiled twice} because the compiler
+ * does not deduplicate them. In many cases, this is not noticeable, but e.g. {@link ngModel} will
+ * attach `$formatters` and `$parsers` twice.
+ *
+ * See issue [#2573](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/2573).
+ *
+ * #### `transclude: element` in the replace template root can have unexpected effects
+ *
+ * When the replace template has a directive at the root node that uses
+ * {@link $compile#-transclude- `transclude: element`}, e.g.
+ * {@link ngIf} or {@link ngRepeat}, the DOM structure or scope inheritance can be incorrect.
+ * See the following issues:
+ *
+ * - Incorrect scope on replaced element:
+ * [#9837](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/9837)
+ * - Different DOM between `template` and `templateUrl`:
+ * [#10612](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/14326)
+ *
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngProp
+ * @restrict A
+ * @element ANY
+ *
+ * @usage
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ANY ng-prop-propname="expression">
+ * </ANY>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * or with uppercase letters in property (e.g. "propName"):
+ *
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ANY ng-prop-prop_name="expression">
+ * </ANY>
+ * ```
+ *
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngProp` directive binds an expression to a DOM element property.
+ * `ngProp` allows writing to arbitrary properties by including
+ * the property name in the attribute, e.g. `ng-prop-value="'my value'"` binds 'my value' to
+ * the `value` property.
+ *
+ * Usually, it's not necessary to write to properties in AngularJS, as the built-in directives
+ * handle the most common use cases (instead of the above example, you would use {@link ngValue}).
+ *
+ * However, [custom elements](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/Web_Components/Using_custom_elements)
+ * often use custom properties to hold data, and `ngProp` can be used to provide input to these
+ * custom elements.
+ *
+ * ## Binding to camelCase properties
+ *
+ * Since HTML attributes are case-insensitive, camelCase properties like `innerHTML` must be escaped.
+ * AngularJS uses the underscore (_) in front of a character to indicate that it is uppercase, so
+ * `innerHTML`  must be written as `ng-prop-inner_h_t_m_l="expression"` (Note that this is just an
+ * example, and for binding HTML {@link ngBindHtml} should be used.
+ *
+ * ## Security
+ *
+ * Binding expressions to arbitrary properties poses a security risk, as  properties like `innerHTML`
+ * can insert potentially dangerous HTML into the application, e.g. script tags that execute
+ * malicious code.
+ * For this reason, `ngProp` applies Strict Contextual Escaping with the {@link ng.$sce $sce service}.
+ * This means vulnerable properties require their content to be "trusted", based on the
+ * context of the property. For example, the `innerHTML` is in the `HTML` context, and the
+ * `iframe.src` property is in the `RESOURCE_URL` context, which requires that values written to
+ * this property are trusted as a `RESOURCE_URL`.
+ *
+ * This can be set explicitly by calling $sce.trustAs(type, value) on the value that is
+ * trusted before passing it to the `ng-prop-*` directive. There are exist shorthand methods for
+ * each context type in the form of {@link ng.$sce#trustAsResourceUrl $sce.trustAsResourceUrl()} et al.
+ *
+ * In some cases you can also rely upon automatic sanitization of untrusted values - see below.
+ *
+ * Based on the context, other options may exist to mark a value as trusted / configure the behavior
+ * of {@link ng.$sce}. For example, to restrict the `RESOURCE_URL` context to specific origins, use
+ * the {@link $sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList trustedResourceUrlList()}
+ * and {@link $sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList bannedResourceUrlList()}.
+ *
+ * {@link ng.$sce#what-trusted-context-types-are-supported- Find out more about the different context types}.
+ *
+ * ### HTML Sanitization
+ *
+ * By default, `$sce` will throw an error if it detects untrusted HTML content, and will not bind the
+ * content.
+ * However, if you include the {@link ngSanitize ngSanitize module}, it will try to sanitize the
+ * potentially dangerous HTML, e.g. strip non-trusted tags and attributes when binding to
+ * `innerHTML`.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Binding to different contexts
+ *
+ * <example name="ngProp" module="exampleNgProp">
+ *   <file name="app.js">
+ *     angular.module('exampleNgProp', [])
+ *       .component('main', {
+ *         templateUrl: 'main.html',
+ *         controller: function($sce) {
+ *           this.safeContent = '<strong>Safe content</strong>';
+ *           this.unsafeContent = '<button onclick="alert(\'Hello XSS!\')">Click for XSS</button>';
+ *           this.trustedUnsafeContent = $sce.trustAsHtml(this.unsafeContent);
+ *         }
+ *       });
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="main.html">
+ *     <div>
+ *       <div class="prop-unit">
+ *         Binding to a property without security context:
+ *         <div class="prop-binding" ng-prop-inner_text="$ctrl.safeContent"></div>
+ *         <span class="prop-note">innerText</span> (safeContent)
+ *       </div>
+ *
+ *       <div class="prop-unit">
+ *         "Safe" content that requires a security context will throw because the contents could potentially be dangerous ...
+ *         <div class="prop-binding" ng-prop-inner_h_t_m_l="$ctrl.safeContent"></div>
+ *         <span class="prop-note">innerHTML</span> (safeContent)
+ *       </div>
+ *
+ *       <div class="prop-unit">
+ *         ... so that actually dangerous content cannot be executed:
+ *         <div class="prop-binding" ng-prop-inner_h_t_m_l="$ctrl.unsafeContent"></div>
+ *         <span class="prop-note">innerHTML</span> (unsafeContent)
+ *       </div>
+ *
+ *       <div class="prop-unit">
+ *         ... but unsafe Content that has been trusted explicitly works - only do this if you are 100% sure!
+ *         <div class="prop-binding" ng-prop-inner_h_t_m_l="$ctrl.trustedUnsafeContent"></div>
+ *         <span class="prop-note">innerHTML</span> (trustedUnsafeContent)
+ *       </div>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <main></main>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="styles.css">
+ *     .prop-unit {
+ *       margin-bottom: 10px;
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     .prop-binding {
+ *       min-height: 30px;
+ *       border: 1px solid blue;
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     .prop-note {
+ *       font-family: Monospace;
+ *     }
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Binding to innerHTML with ngSanitize
+ *
+ * <example name="ngProp" module="exampleNgProp" deps="angular-sanitize.js">
+ *   <file name="app.js">
+ *     angular.module('exampleNgProp', ['ngSanitize'])
+ *       .component('main', {
+ *         templateUrl: 'main.html',
+ *         controller: function($sce) {
+ *           this.safeContent = '<strong>Safe content</strong>';
+ *           this.unsafeContent = '<button onclick="alert(\'Hello XSS!\')">Click for XSS</button>';
+ *           this.trustedUnsafeContent = $sce.trustAsHtml(this.unsafeContent);
+ *         }
+ *       });
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="main.html">
+ *     <div>
+ *       <div class="prop-unit">
+ *         "Safe" content will be sanitized ...
+ *         <div class="prop-binding" ng-prop-inner_h_t_m_l="$ctrl.safeContent"></div>
+ *         <span class="prop-note">innerHTML</span> (safeContent)
+ *       </div>
+ *
+ *       <div class="prop-unit">
+ *         ... as will dangerous content:
+ *         <div class="prop-binding" ng-prop-inner_h_t_m_l="$ctrl.unsafeContent"></div>
+ *         <span class="prop-note">innerHTML</span> (unsafeContent)
+ *       </div>
+ *
+ *       <div class="prop-unit">
+ *         ... and content that has been trusted explicitly works the same as without ngSanitize:
+ *         <div class="prop-binding" ng-prop-inner_h_t_m_l="$ctrl.trustedUnsafeContent"></div>
+ *         <span class="prop-note">innerHTML</span> (trustedUnsafeContent)
+ *       </div>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <main></main>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="styles.css">
+ *     .prop-unit {
+ *       margin-bottom: 10px;
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     .prop-binding {
+ *       min-height: 30px;
+ *       border: 1px solid blue;
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     .prop-note {
+ *       font-family: Monospace;
+ *     }
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ */
+
+/** @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngOn
+ * @restrict A
+ * @element ANY
+ *
+ * @usage
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ANY ng-on-eventname="expression">
+ * </ANY>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * or with uppercase letters in property (e.g. "eventName"):
+ *
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ANY ng-on-event_name="expression">
+ * </ANY>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngOn` directive adds an event listener to a DOM element via
+ * {@link angular.element angular.element().on()}, and evaluates an expression when the event is
+ * fired.
+ * `ngOn` allows adding listeners for arbitrary events by including
+ * the event name in the attribute, e.g. `ng-on-drop="onDrop()"` executes the 'onDrop()' expression
+ * when the `drop` event is fired.
+ *
+ * AngularJS provides specific directives for many events, such as {@link ngClick}, so in most
+ * cases it is not necessary to use `ngOn`. However, AngularJS does not support all events
+ * (e.g. the `drop` event in the example above), and new events might be introduced in later DOM
+ * standards.
+ *
+ * Another use-case for `ngOn` is listening to
+ * [custom events](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/Guide/Events/Creating_and_triggering_events)
+ * fired by
+ * [custom elements](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/Web_Components/Using_custom_elements).
+ *
+ * ## Binding to camelCase properties
+ *
+ * Since HTML attributes are case-insensitive, camelCase properties like `myEvent` must be escaped.
+ * AngularJS uses the underscore (_) in front of a character to indicate that it is uppercase, so
+ * `myEvent` must be written as `ng-on-my_event="expression"`.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Bind to built-in DOM events
+ *
+ * <example name="ngOn" module="exampleNgOn">
+ *   <file name="app.js">
+ *     angular.module('exampleNgOn', [])
+ *       .component('main', {
+ *         templateUrl: 'main.html',
+ *         controller: function() {
+ *           this.clickCount = 0;
+ *           this.mouseoverCount = 0;
+ *
+ *           this.loadingState = 0;
+ *         }
+ *       });
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="main.html">
+ *     <div>
+ *       This is equivalent to `ngClick` and `ngMouseover`:<br>
+ *       <button
+ *         ng-on-click="$ctrl.clickCount = $ctrl.clickCount + 1"
+ *         ng-on-mouseover="$ctrl.mouseoverCount = $ctrl.mouseoverCount + 1">Click or mouseover</button><br>
+ *       clickCount: {{$ctrl.clickCount}}<br>
+ *       mouseover: {{$ctrl.mouseoverCount}}
+ *
+ *       <hr>
+ *
+ *       For the `error` and `load` event on images no built-in AngularJS directives exist:<br>
+ *       <img src="thisimagedoesnotexist.png" ng-on-error="$ctrl.loadingState = -1" ng-on-load="$ctrl.loadingState = 1"><br>
+ *       <div ng-switch="$ctrl.loadingState">
+ *         <span ng-switch-when="0">Image is loading</span>
+ *         <span ng-switch-when="-1">Image load error</span>
+ *         <span ng-switch-when="1">Image loaded successfully</span>
+ *       </div>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <main></main>
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Bind to custom DOM events
+ *
+ * <example name="ngOnCustom" module="exampleNgOn">
+ *   <file name="app.js">
+ *     angular.module('exampleNgOn', [])
+ *       .component('main', {
+ *         templateUrl: 'main.html',
+ *         controller: function() {
+ *           this.eventLog = '';
+ *
+ *           this.listener = function($event) {
+ *             this.eventLog = 'Event with type "' + $event.type + '" fired at ' + $event.detail;
+ *           };
+ *         }
+ *       })
+ *       .component('childComponent', {
+ *         templateUrl: 'child.html',
+ *         controller: function($element) {
+ *           this.fireEvent = function() {
+ *             var event = new CustomEvent('customtype', { detail: new Date()});
+ *
+ *             $element[0].dispatchEvent(event);
+ *           };
+ *         }
+ *       });
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="main.html">
+ *     <child-component ng-on-customtype="$ctrl.listener($event)"></child-component><br>
+ *     <span>Event log: {{$ctrl.eventLog}}</span>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="child.html">
+      <button ng-click="$ctrl.fireEvent()">Fire custom event</button>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <main></main>
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ */
+
+var $compileMinErr = minErr('$compile');
+
+function UNINITIALIZED_VALUE() {}
+var _UNINITIALIZED_VALUE = new UNINITIALIZED_VALUE();
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $compileProvider
+ *
+ * @description
+ */
+$CompileProvider.$inject = ['$provide', '$$sanitizeUriProvider'];
+/** @this */
+function $CompileProvider($provide, $$sanitizeUriProvider) {
+  var hasDirectives = {},
+      Suffix = 'Directive',
+      COMMENT_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP = /^\s*directive:\s*([\w-]+)\s+(.*)$/,
+      CLASS_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP = /(([\w-]+)(?::([^;]+))?;?)/,
+      ALL_OR_NOTHING_ATTRS = makeMap('ngSrc,ngSrcset,src,srcset'),
+      REQUIRE_PREFIX_REGEXP = /^(?:(\^\^?)?(\?)?(\^\^?)?)?/;
+
+  // Ref: http://developers.whatwg.org/webappapis.html#event-handler-idl-attributes
+  // The assumption is that future DOM event attribute names will begin with
+  // 'on' and be composed of only English letters.
+  var EVENT_HANDLER_ATTR_REGEXP = /^(on[a-z]+|formaction)$/;
+  var bindingCache = createMap();
+
+  function parseIsolateBindings(scope, directiveName, isController) {
+    var LOCAL_REGEXP = /^([@&]|[=<](\*?))(\??)\s*([\w$]*)$/;
+
+    var bindings = createMap();
+
+    forEach(scope, function(definition, scopeName) {
+      definition = definition.trim();
+
+      if (definition in bindingCache) {
+        bindings[scopeName] = bindingCache[definition];
+        return;
+      }
+      var match = definition.match(LOCAL_REGEXP);
+
+      if (!match) {
+        throw $compileMinErr('iscp',
+            'Invalid {3} for directive \'{0}\'.' +
+            ' Definition: {... {1}: \'{2}\' ...}',
+            directiveName, scopeName, definition,
+            (isController ? 'controller bindings definition' :
+            'isolate scope definition'));
+      }
+
+      bindings[scopeName] = {
+        mode: match[1][0],
+        collection: match[2] === '*',
+        optional: match[3] === '?',
+        attrName: match[4] || scopeName
+      };
+      if (match[4]) {
+        bindingCache[definition] = bindings[scopeName];
+      }
+    });
+
+    return bindings;
+  }
+
+  function parseDirectiveBindings(directive, directiveName) {
+    var bindings = {
+      isolateScope: null,
+      bindToController: null
+    };
+    if (isObject(directive.scope)) {
+      if (directive.bindToController === true) {
+        bindings.bindToController = parseIsolateBindings(directive.scope,
+                                                         directiveName, true);
+        bindings.isolateScope = {};
+      } else {
+        bindings.isolateScope = parseIsolateBindings(directive.scope,
+                                                     directiveName, false);
+      }
+    }
+    if (isObject(directive.bindToController)) {
+      bindings.bindToController =
+          parseIsolateBindings(directive.bindToController, directiveName, true);
+    }
+    if (bindings.bindToController && !directive.controller) {
+      // There is no controller
+      throw $compileMinErr('noctrl',
+            'Cannot bind to controller without directive \'{0}\'s controller.',
+            directiveName);
+    }
+    return bindings;
+  }
+
+  function assertValidDirectiveName(name) {
+    var letter = name.charAt(0);
+    if (!letter || letter !== lowercase(letter)) {
+      throw $compileMinErr('baddir', 'Directive/Component name \'{0}\' is invalid. The first character must be a lowercase letter', name);
+    }
+    if (name !== name.trim()) {
+      throw $compileMinErr('baddir',
+            'Directive/Component name \'{0}\' is invalid. The name should not contain leading or trailing whitespaces',
+            name);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function getDirectiveRequire(directive) {
+    var require = directive.require || (directive.controller && directive.name);
+
+    if (!isArray(require) && isObject(require)) {
+      forEach(require, function(value, key) {
+        var match = value.match(REQUIRE_PREFIX_REGEXP);
+        var name = value.substring(match[0].length);
+        if (!name) require[key] = match[0] + key;
+      });
+    }
+
+    return require;
+  }
+
+  function getDirectiveRestrict(restrict, name) {
+    if (restrict && !(isString(restrict) && /[EACM]/.test(restrict))) {
+      throw $compileMinErr('badrestrict',
+          'Restrict property \'{0}\' of directive \'{1}\' is invalid',
+          restrict,
+          name);
+    }
+
+    return restrict || 'EA';
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $compileProvider#directive
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Register a new directive with the compiler.
+   *
+   * @param {string|Object} name Name of the directive in camel-case (i.e. `ngBind` which will match
+   *    as `ng-bind`), or an object map of directives where the keys are the names and the values
+   *    are the factories.
+   * @param {Function|Array} directiveFactory An injectable directive factory function. See the
+   *    {@link guide/directive directive guide} and the {@link $compile compile API} for more info.
+   * @returns {ng.$compileProvider} Self for chaining.
+   */
+  this.directive = function registerDirective(name, directiveFactory) {
+    assertArg(name, 'name');
+    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'directive');
+    if (isString(name)) {
+      assertValidDirectiveName(name);
+      assertArg(directiveFactory, 'directiveFactory');
+      if (!hasDirectives.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
+        hasDirectives[name] = [];
+        $provide.factory(name + Suffix, ['$injector', '$exceptionHandler',
+          function($injector, $exceptionHandler) {
+            var directives = [];
+            forEach(hasDirectives[name], function(directiveFactory, index) {
+              try {
+                var directive = $injector.invoke(directiveFactory);
+                if (isFunction(directive)) {
+                  directive = { compile: valueFn(directive) };
+                } else if (!directive.compile && directive.link) {
+                  directive.compile = valueFn(directive.link);
+                }
+                directive.priority = directive.priority || 0;
+                directive.index = index;
+                directive.name = directive.name || name;
+                directive.require = getDirectiveRequire(directive);
+                directive.restrict = getDirectiveRestrict(directive.restrict, name);
+                directive.$$moduleName = directiveFactory.$$moduleName;
+                directives.push(directive);
+              } catch (e) {
+                $exceptionHandler(e);
+              }
+            });
+            return directives;
+          }]);
+      }
+      hasDirectives[name].push(directiveFactory);
+    } else {
+      forEach(name, reverseParams(registerDirective));
+    }
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $compileProvider#component
+   * @module ng
+   * @param {string|Object} name Name of the component in camelCase (i.e. `myComp` which will match `<my-comp>`),
+   *    or an object map of components where the keys are the names and the values are the component definition objects.
+   * @param {Object} options Component definition object (a simplified
+   *    {@link ng.$compile#directive-definition-object directive definition object}),
+   *    with the following properties (all optional):
+   *
+   *    - `controller` – `{(string|function()=}` – controller constructor function that should be
+   *      associated with newly created scope or the name of a {@link ng.$compile#-controller-
+   *      registered controller} if passed as a string. An empty `noop` function by default.
+   *    - `controllerAs` – `{string=}` – identifier name for to reference the controller in the component's scope.
+   *      If present, the controller will be published to scope under the `controllerAs` name.
+   *      If not present, this will default to be `$ctrl`.
+   *    - `template` – `{string=|function()=}` – html template as a string or a function that
+   *      returns an html template as a string which should be used as the contents of this component.
+   *      Empty string by default.
+   *
+   *      If `template` is a function, then it is {@link auto.$injector#invoke injected} with
+   *      the following locals:
+   *
+   *      - `$element` - Current element
+   *      - `$attrs` - Current attributes object for the element
+   *
+   *    - `templateUrl` – `{string=|function()=}` – path or function that returns a path to an html
+   *      template that should be used  as the contents of this component.
+   *
+   *      If `templateUrl` is a function, then it is {@link auto.$injector#invoke injected} with
+   *      the following locals:
+   *
+   *      - `$element` - Current element
+   *      - `$attrs` - Current attributes object for the element
+   *
+   *    - `bindings` – `{object=}` – defines bindings between DOM attributes and component properties.
+   *      Component properties are always bound to the component controller and not to the scope.
+   *      See {@link ng.$compile#-bindtocontroller- `bindToController`}.
+   *    - `transclude` – `{boolean=}` – whether {@link $compile#transclusion content transclusion} is enabled.
+   *      Disabled by default.
+   *    - `require` - `{Object<string, string>=}` - requires the controllers of other directives and binds them to
+   *      this component's controller. The object keys specify the property names under which the required
+   *      controllers (object values) will be bound. See {@link ng.$compile#-require- `require`}.
+   *    - `$...` – additional properties to attach to the directive factory function and the controller
+   *      constructor function. (This is used by the component router to annotate)
+   *
+   * @returns {ng.$compileProvider} the compile provider itself, for chaining of function calls.
+   * @description
+   * Register a **component definition** with the compiler. This is a shorthand for registering a special
+   * type of directive, which represents a self-contained UI component in your application. Such components
+   * are always isolated (i.e. `scope: {}`) and are always restricted to elements (i.e. `restrict: 'E'`).
+   *
+   * Component definitions are very simple and do not require as much configuration as defining general
+   * directives. Component definitions usually consist only of a template and a controller backing it.
+   *
+   * In order to make the definition easier, components enforce best practices like use of `controllerAs`,
+   * `bindToController`. They always have **isolate scope** and are restricted to elements.
+   *
+   * Here are a few examples of how you would usually define components:
+   *
+   * ```js
+   *   var myMod = angular.module(...);
+   *   myMod.component('myComp', {
+   *     template: '<div>My name is {{$ctrl.name}}</div>',
+   *     controller: function() {
+   *       this.name = 'shahar';
+   *     }
+   *   });
+   *
+   *   myMod.component('myComp', {
+   *     template: '<div>My name is {{$ctrl.name}}</div>',
+   *     bindings: {name: '@'}
+   *   });
+   *
+   *   myMod.component('myComp', {
+   *     templateUrl: 'views/my-comp.html',
+   *     controller: 'MyCtrl',
+   *     controllerAs: 'ctrl',
+   *     bindings: {name: '@'}
+   *   });
+   *
+   * ```
+   * For more examples, and an in-depth guide, see the {@link guide/component component guide}.
+   *
+   * <br />
+   * See also {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive $compileProvider.directive()}.
+   */
+  this.component = function registerComponent(name, options) {
+    if (!isString(name)) {
+      forEach(name, reverseParams(bind(this, registerComponent)));
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    var controller = options.controller || function() {};
+
+    function factory($injector) {
+      function makeInjectable(fn) {
+        if (isFunction(fn) || isArray(fn)) {
+          return /** @this */ function(tElement, tAttrs) {
+            return $injector.invoke(fn, this, {$element: tElement, $attrs: tAttrs});
+          };
+        } else {
+          return fn;
+        }
+      }
+
+      var template = (!options.template && !options.templateUrl ? '' : options.template);
+      var ddo = {
+        controller: controller,
+        controllerAs: identifierForController(options.controller) || options.controllerAs || '$ctrl',
+        template: makeInjectable(template),
+        templateUrl: makeInjectable(options.templateUrl),
+        transclude: options.transclude,
+        scope: {},
+        bindToController: options.bindings || {},
+        restrict: 'E',
+        require: options.require
+      };
+
+      // Copy annotations (starting with $) over to the DDO
+      forEach(options, function(val, key) {
+        if (key.charAt(0) === '$') ddo[key] = val;
+      });
+
+      return ddo;
+    }
+
+    // TODO(pete) remove the following `forEach` before we release 1.6.0
+    // The component-router@0.2.0 looks for the annotations on the controller constructor
+    // Nothing in AngularJS looks for annotations on the factory function but we can't remove
+    // it from 1.5.x yet.
+
+    // Copy any annotation properties (starting with $) over to the factory and controller constructor functions
+    // These could be used by libraries such as the new component router
+    forEach(options, function(val, key) {
+      if (key.charAt(0) === '$') {
+        factory[key] = val;
+        // Don't try to copy over annotations to named controller
+        if (isFunction(controller)) controller[key] = val;
+      }
+    });
+
+    factory.$inject = ['$injector'];
+
+    return this.directive(name, factory);
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $compileProvider#aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for determining trusted safe
+   * urls during a[href] sanitization.
+   *
+   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at preventing XSS attacks via html links.
+   *
+   * Any url about to be assigned to a[href] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
+   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList`
+   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
+   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
+   *
+   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to trust urls with.
+   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
+   *    chaining otherwise.
+   */
+  this.aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList = function(regexp) {
+    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
+      $$sanitizeUriProvider.aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList(regexp);
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return $$sanitizeUriProvider.aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList();
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $compileProvider#aHrefSanitizationWhitelist
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @deprecated
+   * sinceVersion="1.8.1"
+   *
+   * This method is deprecated. Use {@link $compileProvider#aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList
+   * aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList} instead.
+   */
+  Object.defineProperty(this, 'aHrefSanitizationWhitelist', {
+    get: function() {
+      return this.aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList;
+    },
+    set: function(value) {
+      this.aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList = value;
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $compileProvider#imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for determining trusted safe
+   * urls during img[src] sanitization.
+   *
+   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via html links.
+   *
+   * Any url about to be assigned to img[src] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
+   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList`
+   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
+   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
+   *
+   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to trust urls with.
+   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
+   *    chaining otherwise.
+   */
+  this.imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList = function(regexp) {
+    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
+      $$sanitizeUriProvider.imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList(regexp);
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return $$sanitizeUriProvider.imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList();
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $compileProvider#imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @deprecated
+   * sinceVersion="1.8.1"
+   *
+   * This method is deprecated. Use {@link $compileProvider#imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList
+   * imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList} instead.
+   */
+  Object.defineProperty(this, 'imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist', {
+    get: function() {
+      return this.imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList;
+    },
+    set: function(value) {
+      this.imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList = value;
+    }
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name  $compileProvider#debugInfoEnabled
+   *
+   * @param {boolean=} enabled update the debugInfoEnabled state if provided, otherwise just return the
+   * current debugInfoEnabled state
+   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
+   *
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Call this method to enable/disable various debug runtime information in the compiler such as adding
+   * binding information and a reference to the current scope on to DOM elements.
+   * If enabled, the compiler will add the following to DOM elements that have been bound to the scope
+   * * `ng-binding` CSS class
+   * * `ng-scope` and `ng-isolated-scope` CSS classes
+   * * `$binding` data property containing an array of the binding expressions
+   * * Data properties used by the {@link angular.element#methods `scope()`/`isolateScope()` methods} to return
+   *   the element's scope.
+   * * Placeholder comments will contain information about what directive and binding caused the placeholder.
+   *   E.g. `<!-- ngIf: shouldShow() -->`.
+   *
+   * You may want to disable this in production for a significant performance boost. See
+   * {@link guide/production#disabling-debug-data Disabling Debug Data} for more.
+   *
+   * The default value is true.
+   */
+  var debugInfoEnabled = true;
+  this.debugInfoEnabled = function(enabled) {
+    if (isDefined(enabled)) {
+      debugInfoEnabled = enabled;
+      return this;
+    }
+    return debugInfoEnabled;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name  $compileProvider#strictComponentBindingsEnabled
+   *
+   * @param {boolean=} enabled update the strictComponentBindingsEnabled state if provided,
+   * otherwise return the current strictComponentBindingsEnabled state.
+   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
+   *
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Call this method to enable / disable the strict component bindings check. If enabled, the
+   * compiler will enforce that all scope / controller bindings of a
+   * {@link $compileProvider#directive directive} / {@link $compileProvider#component component}
+   * that are not set as optional with `?`, must be provided when the directive is instantiated.
+   * If not provided, the compiler will throw the
+   * {@link error/$compile/missingattr $compile:missingattr error}.
+   *
+   * The default value is false.
+   */
+  var strictComponentBindingsEnabled = false;
+  this.strictComponentBindingsEnabled = function(enabled) {
+    if (isDefined(enabled)) {
+      strictComponentBindingsEnabled = enabled;
+      return this;
+    }
+    return strictComponentBindingsEnabled;
+  };
+
+  var TTL = 10;
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $compileProvider#onChangesTtl
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Sets the number of times `$onChanges` hooks can trigger new changes before giving up and
+   * assuming that the model is unstable.
+   *
+   * The current default is 10 iterations.
+   *
+   * In complex applications it's possible that dependencies between `$onChanges` hooks and bindings will result
+   * in several iterations of calls to these hooks. However if an application needs more than the default 10
+   * iterations to stabilize then you should investigate what is causing the model to continuously change during
+   * the `$onChanges` hook execution.
+   *
+   * Increasing the TTL could have performance implications, so you should not change it without proper justification.
+   *
+   * @param {number} limit The number of `$onChanges` hook iterations.
+   * @returns {number|object} the current limit (or `this` if called as a setter for chaining)
+   */
+  this.onChangesTtl = function(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      TTL = value;
+      return this;
+    }
+    return TTL;
+  };
+
+  var commentDirectivesEnabledConfig = true;
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $compileProvider#commentDirectivesEnabled
+   * @description
+   *
+   * It indicates to the compiler
+   * whether or not directives on comments should be compiled.
+   * Defaults to `true`.
+   *
+   * Calling this function with false disables the compilation of directives
+   * on comments for the whole application.
+   * This results in a compilation performance gain,
+   * as the compiler doesn't have to check comments when looking for directives.
+   * This should however only be used if you are sure that no comment directives are used in
+   * the application (including any 3rd party directives).
+   *
+   * @param {boolean} enabled `false` if the compiler may ignore directives on comments
+   * @returns {boolean|object} the current value (or `this` if called as a setter for chaining)
+   */
+  this.commentDirectivesEnabled = function(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      commentDirectivesEnabledConfig = value;
+      return this;
+    }
+    return commentDirectivesEnabledConfig;
+  };
+
+
+  var cssClassDirectivesEnabledConfig = true;
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $compileProvider#cssClassDirectivesEnabled
+   * @description
+   *
+   * It indicates to the compiler
+   * whether or not directives on element classes should be compiled.
+   * Defaults to `true`.
+   *
+   * Calling this function with false disables the compilation of directives
+   * on element classes for the whole application.
+   * This results in a compilation performance gain,
+   * as the compiler doesn't have to check element classes when looking for directives.
+   * This should however only be used if you are sure that no class directives are used in
+   * the application (including any 3rd party directives).
+   *
+   * @param {boolean} enabled `false` if the compiler may ignore directives on element classes
+   * @returns {boolean|object} the current value (or `this` if called as a setter for chaining)
+   */
+  this.cssClassDirectivesEnabled = function(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      cssClassDirectivesEnabledConfig = value;
+      return this;
+    }
+    return cssClassDirectivesEnabledConfig;
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * The security context of DOM Properties.
+   * @private
+   */
+  var PROP_CONTEXTS = createMap();
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $compileProvider#addPropertySecurityContext
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Defines the security context for DOM properties bound by ng-prop-*.
+   *
+   * @param {string} elementName The element name or '*' to match any element.
+   * @param {string} propertyName The DOM property name.
+   * @param {string} ctx The {@link $sce} security context in which this value is safe for use, e.g. `$sce.URL`
+   * @returns {object} `this` for chaining
+   */
+  this.addPropertySecurityContext = function(elementName, propertyName, ctx) {
+    var key = (elementName.toLowerCase() + '|' + propertyName.toLowerCase());
+
+    if (key in PROP_CONTEXTS && PROP_CONTEXTS[key] !== ctx) {
+      throw $compileMinErr('ctxoverride', 'Property context \'{0}.{1}\' already set to \'{2}\', cannot override to \'{3}\'.', elementName, propertyName, PROP_CONTEXTS[key], ctx);
+    }
+
+    PROP_CONTEXTS[key] = ctx;
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  /* Default property contexts.
+   *
+   * Copy of https://github.com/angular/angular/blob/6.0.6/packages/compiler/src/schema/dom_security_schema.ts#L31-L58
+   * Changing:
+   * - SecurityContext.* => SCE_CONTEXTS/$sce.*
+   * - STYLE => CSS
+   * - various URL => MEDIA_URL
+   * - *|formAction, form|action URL => RESOURCE_URL (like the attribute)
+   */
+  (function registerNativePropertyContexts() {
+    function registerContext(ctx, values) {
+      forEach(values, function(v) { PROP_CONTEXTS[v.toLowerCase()] = ctx; });
+    }
+
+    registerContext(SCE_CONTEXTS.HTML, [
+      'iframe|srcdoc',
+      '*|innerHTML',
+      '*|outerHTML'
+    ]);
+    registerContext(SCE_CONTEXTS.CSS, ['*|style']);
+    registerContext(SCE_CONTEXTS.URL, [
+      'area|href',       'area|ping',
+      'a|href',          'a|ping',
+      'blockquote|cite',
+      'body|background',
+      'del|cite',
+      'input|src',
+      'ins|cite',
+      'q|cite'
+    ]);
+    registerContext(SCE_CONTEXTS.MEDIA_URL, [
+      'audio|src',
+      'img|src',    'img|srcset',
+      'source|src', 'source|srcset',
+      'track|src',
+      'video|src',  'video|poster'
+    ]);
+    registerContext(SCE_CONTEXTS.RESOURCE_URL, [
+      '*|formAction',
+      'applet|code',      'applet|codebase',
+      'base|href',
+      'embed|src',
+      'frame|src',
+      'form|action',
+      'head|profile',
+      'html|manifest',
+      'iframe|src',
+      'link|href',
+      'media|src',
+      'object|codebase',  'object|data',
+      'script|src'
+    ]);
+  })();
+
+
+  this.$get = [
+            '$injector', '$interpolate', '$exceptionHandler', '$templateRequest', '$parse',
+            '$controller', '$rootScope', '$sce', '$animate',
+    function($injector,   $interpolate,   $exceptionHandler,   $templateRequest,   $parse,
+             $controller,   $rootScope,   $sce,   $animate) {
+
+    var SIMPLE_ATTR_NAME = /^\w/;
+    var specialAttrHolder = window.document.createElement('div');
+
+
+    var commentDirectivesEnabled = commentDirectivesEnabledConfig;
+    var cssClassDirectivesEnabled = cssClassDirectivesEnabledConfig;
+
+
+    var onChangesTtl = TTL;
+    // The onChanges hooks should all be run together in a single digest
+    // When changes occur, the call to trigger their hooks will be added to this queue
+    var onChangesQueue;
+
+    // This function is called in a $$postDigest to trigger all the onChanges hooks in a single digest
+    function flushOnChangesQueue() {
+      try {
+        if (!(--onChangesTtl)) {
+          // We have hit the TTL limit so reset everything
+          onChangesQueue = undefined;
+          throw $compileMinErr('infchng', '{0} $onChanges() iterations reached. Aborting!\n', TTL);
+        }
+        // We must run this hook in an apply since the $$postDigest runs outside apply
+        $rootScope.$apply(function() {
+          for (var i = 0, ii = onChangesQueue.length; i < ii; ++i) {
+            try {
+              onChangesQueue[i]();
+            } catch (e) {
+              $exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+          }
+          // Reset the queue to trigger a new schedule next time there is a change
+          onChangesQueue = undefined;
+        });
+      } finally {
+        onChangesTtl++;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    function sanitizeSrcset(value, invokeType) {
+      if (!value) {
+        return value;
+      }
+      if (!isString(value)) {
+        throw $compileMinErr('srcset', 'Can\'t pass trusted values to `{0}`: "{1}"', invokeType, value.toString());
+      }
+
+      // Such values are a bit too complex to handle automatically inside $sce.
+      // Instead, we sanitize each of the URIs individually, which works, even dynamically.
+
+      // It's not possible to work around this using `$sce.trustAsMediaUrl`.
+      // If you want to programmatically set explicitly trusted unsafe URLs, you should use
+      // `$sce.trustAsHtml` on the whole `img` tag and inject it into the DOM using the
+      // `ng-bind-html` directive.
+
+      var result = '';
+
+      // first check if there are spaces because it's not the same pattern
+      var trimmedSrcset = trim(value);
+      //                (   999x   ,|   999w   ,|   ,|,   )
+      var srcPattern = /(\s+\d+x\s*,|\s+\d+w\s*,|\s+,|,\s+)/;
+      var pattern = /\s/.test(trimmedSrcset) ? srcPattern : /(,)/;
+
+      // split srcset into tuple of uri and descriptor except for the last item
+      var rawUris = trimmedSrcset.split(pattern);
+
+      // for each tuples
+      var nbrUrisWith2parts = Math.floor(rawUris.length / 2);
+      for (var i = 0; i < nbrUrisWith2parts; i++) {
+        var innerIdx = i * 2;
+        // sanitize the uri
+        result += $sce.getTrustedMediaUrl(trim(rawUris[innerIdx]));
+        // add the descriptor
+        result += ' ' + trim(rawUris[innerIdx + 1]);
+      }
+
+      // split the last item into uri and descriptor
+      var lastTuple = trim(rawUris[i * 2]).split(/\s/);
+
+      // sanitize the last uri
+      result += $sce.getTrustedMediaUrl(trim(lastTuple[0]));
+
+      // and add the last descriptor if any
+      if (lastTuple.length === 2) {
+        result += (' ' + trim(lastTuple[1]));
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+
+    function Attributes(element, attributesToCopy) {
+      if (attributesToCopy) {
+        var keys = Object.keys(attributesToCopy);
+        var i, l, key;
+
+        for (i = 0, l = keys.length; i < l; i++) {
+          key = keys[i];
+          this[key] = attributesToCopy[key];
+        }
+      } else {
+        this.$attr = {};
+      }
+
+      this.$$element = element;
+    }
+
+    Attributes.prototype = {
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$normalize
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Converts an attribute name (e.g. dash/colon/underscore-delimited string, optionally prefixed with `x-` or
+       * `data-`) to its normalized, camelCase form.
+       *
+       * Also there is special case for Moz prefix starting with upper case letter.
+       *
+       * For further information check out the guide on {@link guide/directive#matching-directives Matching Directives}
+       *
+       * @param {string} name Name to normalize
+       */
+      $normalize: directiveNormalize,
+
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$addClass
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Adds the CSS class value specified by the classVal parameter to the element. If animations
+       * are enabled then an animation will be triggered for the class addition.
+       *
+       * @param {string} classVal The className value that will be added to the element
+       */
+      $addClass: function(classVal) {
+        if (classVal && classVal.length > 0) {
+          $animate.addClass(this.$$element, classVal);
+        }
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$removeClass
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Removes the CSS class value specified by the classVal parameter from the element. If
+       * animations are enabled then an animation will be triggered for the class removal.
+       *
+       * @param {string} classVal The className value that will be removed from the element
+       */
+      $removeClass: function(classVal) {
+        if (classVal && classVal.length > 0) {
+          $animate.removeClass(this.$$element, classVal);
+        }
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$updateClass
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Adds and removes the appropriate CSS class values to the element based on the difference
+       * between the new and old CSS class values (specified as newClasses and oldClasses).
+       *
+       * @param {string} newClasses The current CSS className value
+       * @param {string} oldClasses The former CSS className value
+       */
+      $updateClass: function(newClasses, oldClasses) {
+        var toAdd = tokenDifference(newClasses, oldClasses);
+        if (toAdd && toAdd.length) {
+          $animate.addClass(this.$$element, toAdd);
+        }
+
+        var toRemove = tokenDifference(oldClasses, newClasses);
+        if (toRemove && toRemove.length) {
+          $animate.removeClass(this.$$element, toRemove);
+        }
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * Set a normalized attribute on the element in a way such that all directives
+       * can share the attribute. This function properly handles boolean attributes.
+       * @param {string} key Normalized key. (ie ngAttribute)
+       * @param {string|boolean} value The value to set. If `null` attribute will be deleted.
+       * @param {boolean=} writeAttr If false, does not write the value to DOM element attribute.
+       *     Defaults to true.
+       * @param {string=} attrName Optional none normalized name. Defaults to key.
+       */
+      $set: function(key, value, writeAttr, attrName) {
+        // TODO: decide whether or not to throw an error if "class"
+        // is set through this function since it may cause $updateClass to
+        // become unstable.
+
+        var node = this.$$element[0],
+            booleanKey = getBooleanAttrName(node, key),
+            aliasedKey = getAliasedAttrName(key),
+            observer = key,
+            nodeName;
+
+        if (booleanKey) {
+          this.$$element.prop(key, value);
+          attrName = booleanKey;
+        } else if (aliasedKey) {
+          this[aliasedKey] = value;
+          observer = aliasedKey;
+        }
+
+        this[key] = value;
+
+        // translate normalized key to actual key
+        if (attrName) {
+          this.$attr[key] = attrName;
+        } else {
+          attrName = this.$attr[key];
+          if (!attrName) {
+            this.$attr[key] = attrName = snake_case(key, '-');
+          }
+        }
+
+        nodeName = nodeName_(this.$$element);
+
+        // Sanitize img[srcset] values.
+        if (nodeName === 'img' && key === 'srcset') {
+          this[key] = value = sanitizeSrcset(value, '$set(\'srcset\', value)');
+        }
+
+        if (writeAttr !== false) {
+          if (value === null || isUndefined(value)) {
+            this.$$element.removeAttr(attrName);
+          } else {
+            if (SIMPLE_ATTR_NAME.test(attrName)) {
+              // jQuery skips special boolean attrs treatment in XML nodes for
+              // historical reasons and hence AngularJS cannot freely call
+              // `.attr(attrName, false) with such attributes. To avoid issues
+              // in XHTML, call `removeAttr` in such cases instead.
+              // See https://github.com/jquery/jquery/issues/4249
+              if (booleanKey && value === false) {
+                this.$$element.removeAttr(attrName);
+              } else {
+                this.$$element.attr(attrName, value);
+              }
+            } else {
+              setSpecialAttr(this.$$element[0], attrName, value);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        // fire observers
+        var $$observers = this.$$observers;
+        if ($$observers) {
+          forEach($$observers[observer], function(fn) {
+            try {
+              fn(value);
+            } catch (e) {
+              $exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+          });
+        }
+      },
+
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$observe
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Observes an interpolated attribute.
+       *
+       * The observer function will be invoked once during the next `$digest` following
+       * compilation. The observer is then invoked whenever the interpolated value
+       * changes.
+       *
+       * @param {string} key Normalized key. (ie ngAttribute) .
+       * @param {function(interpolatedValue)} fn Function that will be called whenever
+                the interpolated value of the attribute changes.
+       *        See the {@link guide/interpolation#how-text-and-attribute-bindings-work Interpolation
+       *        guide} for more info.
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this observer.
+       */
+      $observe: function(key, fn) {
+        var attrs = this,
+            $$observers = (attrs.$$observers || (attrs.$$observers = createMap())),
+            listeners = ($$observers[key] || ($$observers[key] = []));
+
+        listeners.push(fn);
+        $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
+          if (!listeners.$$inter && attrs.hasOwnProperty(key) && !isUndefined(attrs[key])) {
+            // no one registered attribute interpolation function, so lets call it manually
+            fn(attrs[key]);
+          }
+        });
+
+        return function() {
+          arrayRemove(listeners, fn);
+        };
+      }
+    };
+
+    function setSpecialAttr(element, attrName, value) {
+      // Attributes names that do not start with letters (such as `(click)`) cannot be set using `setAttribute`
+      // so we have to jump through some hoops to get such an attribute
+      // https://github.com/angular/angular.js/pull/13318
+      specialAttrHolder.innerHTML = '<span ' + attrName + '>';
+      var attributes = specialAttrHolder.firstChild.attributes;
+      var attribute = attributes[0];
+      // We have to remove the attribute from its container element before we can add it to the destination element
+      attributes.removeNamedItem(attribute.name);
+      attribute.value = value;
+      element.attributes.setNamedItem(attribute);
+    }
+
+    function safeAddClass($element, className) {
+      try {
+        $element.addClass(className);
+      } catch (e) {
+        // ignore, since it means that we are trying to set class on
+        // SVG element, where class name is read-only.
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    var startSymbol = $interpolate.startSymbol(),
+        endSymbol = $interpolate.endSymbol(),
+        denormalizeTemplate = (startSymbol === '{{' && endSymbol  === '}}')
+            ? identity
+            : function denormalizeTemplate(template) {
+              return template.replace(/\{\{/g, startSymbol).replace(/}}/g, endSymbol);
+        },
+        NG_PREFIX_BINDING = /^ng(Attr|Prop|On)([A-Z].*)$/;
+    var MULTI_ELEMENT_DIR_RE = /^(.+)Start$/;
+
+    compile.$$addBindingInfo = debugInfoEnabled ? function $$addBindingInfo($element, binding) {
+      var bindings = $element.data('$binding') || [];
+
+      if (isArray(binding)) {
+        bindings = bindings.concat(binding);
+      } else {
+        bindings.push(binding);
+      }
+
+      $element.data('$binding', bindings);
+    } : noop;
+
+    compile.$$addBindingClass = debugInfoEnabled ? function $$addBindingClass($element) {
+      safeAddClass($element, 'ng-binding');
+    } : noop;
+
+    compile.$$addScopeInfo = debugInfoEnabled ? function $$addScopeInfo($element, scope, isolated, noTemplate) {
+      var dataName = isolated ? (noTemplate ? '$isolateScopeNoTemplate' : '$isolateScope') : '$scope';
+      $element.data(dataName, scope);
+    } : noop;
+
+    compile.$$addScopeClass = debugInfoEnabled ? function $$addScopeClass($element, isolated) {
+      safeAddClass($element, isolated ? 'ng-isolate-scope' : 'ng-scope');
+    } : noop;
+
+    compile.$$createComment = function(directiveName, comment) {
+      var content = '';
+      if (debugInfoEnabled) {
+        content = ' ' + (directiveName || '') + ': ';
+        if (comment) content += comment + ' ';
+      }
+      return window.document.createComment(content);
+    };
+
+    return compile;
+
+    //================================
+
+    function compile($compileNodes, transcludeFn, maxPriority, ignoreDirective,
+                        previousCompileContext) {
+      if (!($compileNodes instanceof jqLite)) {
+        // jquery always rewraps, whereas we need to preserve the original selector so that we can
+        // modify it.
+        $compileNodes = jqLite($compileNodes);
+      }
+      var compositeLinkFn =
+              compileNodes($compileNodes, transcludeFn, $compileNodes,
+                           maxPriority, ignoreDirective, previousCompileContext);
+      compile.$$addScopeClass($compileNodes);
+      var namespace = null;
+      return function publicLinkFn(scope, cloneConnectFn, options) {
+        if (!$compileNodes) {
+          throw $compileMinErr('multilink', 'This element has already been linked.');
+        }
+        assertArg(scope, 'scope');
+
+        if (previousCompileContext && previousCompileContext.needsNewScope) {
+          // A parent directive did a replace and a directive on this element asked
+          // for transclusion, which caused us to lose a layer of element on which
+          // we could hold the new transclusion scope, so we will create it manually
+          // here.
+          scope = scope.$parent.$new();
+        }
+
+        options = options || {};
+        var parentBoundTranscludeFn = options.parentBoundTranscludeFn,
+          transcludeControllers = options.transcludeControllers,
+          futureParentElement = options.futureParentElement;
+
+        // When `parentBoundTranscludeFn` is passed, it is a
+        // `controllersBoundTransclude` function (it was previously passed
+        // as `transclude` to directive.link) so we must unwrap it to get
+        // its `boundTranscludeFn`
+        if (parentBoundTranscludeFn && parentBoundTranscludeFn.$$boundTransclude) {
+          parentBoundTranscludeFn = parentBoundTranscludeFn.$$boundTransclude;
+        }
+
+        if (!namespace) {
+          namespace = detectNamespaceForChildElements(futureParentElement);
+        }
+        var $linkNode;
+        if (namespace !== 'html') {
+          // When using a directive with replace:true and templateUrl the $compileNodes
+          // (or a child element inside of them)
+          // might change, so we need to recreate the namespace adapted compileNodes
+          // for call to the link function.
+          // Note: This will already clone the nodes...
+          $linkNode = jqLite(
+            wrapTemplate(namespace, jqLite('<div></div>').append($compileNodes).html())
+          );
+        } else if (cloneConnectFn) {
+          // important!!: we must call our jqLite.clone() since the jQuery one is trying to be smart
+          // and sometimes changes the structure of the DOM.
+          $linkNode = JQLitePrototype.clone.call($compileNodes);
+        } else {
+          $linkNode = $compileNodes;
+        }
+
+        if (transcludeControllers) {
+          for (var controllerName in transcludeControllers) {
+            $linkNode.data('$' + controllerName + 'Controller', transcludeControllers[controllerName].instance);
+          }
+        }
+
+        compile.$$addScopeInfo($linkNode, scope);
+
+        if (cloneConnectFn) cloneConnectFn($linkNode, scope);
+        if (compositeLinkFn) compositeLinkFn(scope, $linkNode, $linkNode, parentBoundTranscludeFn);
+
+        if (!cloneConnectFn) {
+          $compileNodes = compositeLinkFn = null;
+        }
+        return $linkNode;
+      };
+    }
+
+    function detectNamespaceForChildElements(parentElement) {
+      // TODO: Make this detect MathML as well...
+      var node = parentElement && parentElement[0];
+      if (!node) {
+        return 'html';
+      } else {
+        return nodeName_(node) !== 'foreignobject' && toString.call(node).match(/SVG/) ? 'svg' : 'html';
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compile function matches each node in nodeList against the directives. Once all directives
+     * for a particular node are collected their compile functions are executed. The compile
+     * functions return values - the linking functions - are combined into a composite linking
+     * function, which is the a linking function for the node.
+     *
+     * @param {NodeList} nodeList an array of nodes or NodeList to compile
+     * @param {function(angular.Scope, cloneAttachFn=)} transcludeFn A linking function, where the
+     *        scope argument is auto-generated to the new child of the transcluded parent scope.
+     * @param {DOMElement=} $rootElement If the nodeList is the root of the compilation tree then
+     *        the rootElement must be set the jqLite collection of the compile root. This is
+     *        needed so that the jqLite collection items can be replaced with widgets.
+     * @param {number=} maxPriority Max directive priority.
+     * @returns {Function} A composite linking function of all of the matched directives or null.
+     */
+    function compileNodes(nodeList, transcludeFn, $rootElement, maxPriority, ignoreDirective,
+                            previousCompileContext) {
+      var linkFns = [],
+          // `nodeList` can be either an element's `.childNodes` (live NodeList)
+          // or a jqLite/jQuery collection or an array
+          notLiveList = isArray(nodeList) || (nodeList instanceof jqLite),
+          attrs, directives, nodeLinkFn, childNodes, childLinkFn, linkFnFound, nodeLinkFnFound;
+
+
+      for (var i = 0; i < nodeList.length; i++) {
+        attrs = new Attributes();
+
+        // Support: IE 11 only
+        // Workaround for #11781 and #14924
+        if (msie === 11) {
+          mergeConsecutiveTextNodes(nodeList, i, notLiveList);
+        }
+
+        // We must always refer to `nodeList[i]` hereafter,
+        // since the nodes can be replaced underneath us.
+        directives = collectDirectives(nodeList[i], [], attrs, i === 0 ? maxPriority : undefined,
+                                        ignoreDirective);
+
+        nodeLinkFn = (directives.length)
+            ? applyDirectivesToNode(directives, nodeList[i], attrs, transcludeFn, $rootElement,
+                                      null, [], [], previousCompileContext)
+            : null;
+
+        if (nodeLinkFn && nodeLinkFn.scope) {
+          compile.$$addScopeClass(attrs.$$element);
+        }
+
+        childLinkFn = (nodeLinkFn && nodeLinkFn.terminal ||
+                      !(childNodes = nodeList[i].childNodes) ||
+                      !childNodes.length)
+            ? null
+            : compileNodes(childNodes,
+                 nodeLinkFn ? (
+                  (nodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement || !nodeLinkFn.templateOnThisElement)
+                     && nodeLinkFn.transclude) : transcludeFn);
+
+        if (nodeLinkFn || childLinkFn) {
+          linkFns.push(i, nodeLinkFn, childLinkFn);
+          linkFnFound = true;
+          nodeLinkFnFound = nodeLinkFnFound || nodeLinkFn;
+        }
+
+        //use the previous context only for the first element in the virtual group
+        previousCompileContext = null;
+      }
+
+      // return a linking function if we have found anything, null otherwise
+      return linkFnFound ? compositeLinkFn : null;
+
+      function compositeLinkFn(scope, nodeList, $rootElement, parentBoundTranscludeFn) {
+        var nodeLinkFn, childLinkFn, node, childScope, i, ii, idx, childBoundTranscludeFn;
+        var stableNodeList;
+
+
+        if (nodeLinkFnFound) {
+          // copy nodeList so that if a nodeLinkFn removes or adds an element at this DOM level our
+          // offsets don't get screwed up
+          var nodeListLength = nodeList.length;
+          stableNodeList = new Array(nodeListLength);
+
+          // create a sparse array by only copying the elements which have a linkFn
+          for (i = 0; i < linkFns.length; i += 3) {
+            idx = linkFns[i];
+            stableNodeList[idx] = nodeList[idx];
+          }
+        } else {
+          stableNodeList = nodeList;
+        }
+
+        for (i = 0, ii = linkFns.length; i < ii;) {
+          node = stableNodeList[linkFns[i++]];
+          nodeLinkFn = linkFns[i++];
+          childLinkFn = linkFns[i++];
+
+          if (nodeLinkFn) {
+            if (nodeLinkFn.scope) {
+              childScope = scope.$new();
+              compile.$$addScopeInfo(jqLite(node), childScope);
+            } else {
+              childScope = scope;
+            }
+
+            if (nodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement) {
+              childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(
+                  scope, nodeLinkFn.transclude, parentBoundTranscludeFn);
+
+            } else if (!nodeLinkFn.templateOnThisElement && parentBoundTranscludeFn) {
+              childBoundTranscludeFn = parentBoundTranscludeFn;
+
+            } else if (!parentBoundTranscludeFn && transcludeFn) {
+              childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, transcludeFn);
+
+            } else {
+              childBoundTranscludeFn = null;
+            }
+
+            nodeLinkFn(childLinkFn, childScope, node, $rootElement, childBoundTranscludeFn);
+
+          } else if (childLinkFn) {
+            childLinkFn(scope, node.childNodes, undefined, parentBoundTranscludeFn);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    function mergeConsecutiveTextNodes(nodeList, idx, notLiveList) {
+      var node = nodeList[idx];
+      var parent = node.parentNode;
+      var sibling;
+
+      if (node.nodeType !== NODE_TYPE_TEXT) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      while (true) {
+        sibling = parent ? node.nextSibling : nodeList[idx + 1];
+        if (!sibling || sibling.nodeType !== NODE_TYPE_TEXT) {
+          break;
+        }
+
+        node.nodeValue = node.nodeValue + sibling.nodeValue;
+
+        if (sibling.parentNode) {
+          sibling.parentNode.removeChild(sibling);
+        }
+        if (notLiveList && sibling === nodeList[idx + 1]) {
+          nodeList.splice(idx + 1, 1);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    function createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, transcludeFn, previousBoundTranscludeFn) {
+      function boundTranscludeFn(transcludedScope, cloneFn, controllers, futureParentElement, containingScope) {
+
+        if (!transcludedScope) {
+          transcludedScope = scope.$new(false, containingScope);
+          transcludedScope.$$transcluded = true;
+        }
+
+        return transcludeFn(transcludedScope, cloneFn, {
+          parentBoundTranscludeFn: previousBoundTranscludeFn,
+          transcludeControllers: controllers,
+          futureParentElement: futureParentElement
+        });
+      }
+
+      // We need  to attach the transclusion slots onto the `boundTranscludeFn`
+      // so that they are available inside the `controllersBoundTransclude` function
+      var boundSlots = boundTranscludeFn.$$slots = createMap();
+      for (var slotName in transcludeFn.$$slots) {
+        if (transcludeFn.$$slots[slotName]) {
+          boundSlots[slotName] = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, transcludeFn.$$slots[slotName], previousBoundTranscludeFn);
+        } else {
+          boundSlots[slotName] = null;
+        }
+      }
+
+      return boundTranscludeFn;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Looks for directives on the given node and adds them to the directive collection which is
+     * sorted.
+     *
+     * @param node Node to search.
+     * @param directives An array to which the directives are added to. This array is sorted before
+     *        the function returns.
+     * @param attrs The shared attrs object which is used to populate the normalized attributes.
+     * @param {number=} maxPriority Max directive priority.
+     */
+    function collectDirectives(node, directives, attrs, maxPriority, ignoreDirective) {
+      var nodeType = node.nodeType,
+          attrsMap = attrs.$attr,
+          match,
+          nodeName,
+          className;
+
+      switch (nodeType) {
+        case NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT: /* Element */
+
+          nodeName = nodeName_(node);
+
+          // use the node name: <directive>
+          addDirective(directives,
+              directiveNormalize(nodeName), 'E', maxPriority, ignoreDirective);
+
+          // iterate over the attributes
+          for (var attr, name, nName, value, ngPrefixMatch, nAttrs = node.attributes,
+                   j = 0, jj = nAttrs && nAttrs.length; j < jj; j++) {
+            var attrStartName = false;
+            var attrEndName = false;
+
+            var isNgAttr = false, isNgProp = false, isNgEvent = false;
+            var multiElementMatch;
+
+            attr = nAttrs[j];
+            name = attr.name;
+            value = attr.value;
+
+            nName = directiveNormalize(name.toLowerCase());
+
+            // Support ng-attr-*, ng-prop-* and ng-on-*
+            if ((ngPrefixMatch = nName.match(NG_PREFIX_BINDING))) {
+              isNgAttr = ngPrefixMatch[1] === 'Attr';
+              isNgProp = ngPrefixMatch[1] === 'Prop';
+              isNgEvent = ngPrefixMatch[1] === 'On';
+
+              // Normalize the non-prefixed name
+              name = name.replace(PREFIX_REGEXP, '')
+                .toLowerCase()
+                .substr(4 + ngPrefixMatch[1].length).replace(/_(.)/g, function(match, letter) {
+                  return letter.toUpperCase();
+                });
+
+            // Support *-start / *-end multi element directives
+            } else if ((multiElementMatch = nName.match(MULTI_ELEMENT_DIR_RE)) && directiveIsMultiElement(multiElementMatch[1])) {
+              attrStartName = name;
+              attrEndName = name.substr(0, name.length - 5) + 'end';
+              name = name.substr(0, name.length - 6);
+            }
+
+            if (isNgProp || isNgEvent) {
+              attrs[nName] = value;
+              attrsMap[nName] = attr.name;
+
+              if (isNgProp) {
+                addPropertyDirective(node, directives, nName, name);
+              } else {
+                addEventDirective(directives, nName, name);
+              }
+            } else {
+              // Update nName for cases where a prefix was removed
+              // NOTE: the .toLowerCase() is unnecessary and causes https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/16624 for ng-attr-*
+              nName = directiveNormalize(name.toLowerCase());
+              attrsMap[nName] = name;
+
+              if (isNgAttr || !attrs.hasOwnProperty(nName)) {
+                attrs[nName] = value;
+                if (getBooleanAttrName(node, nName)) {
+                  attrs[nName] = true; // presence means true
+                }
+              }
+
+              addAttrInterpolateDirective(node, directives, value, nName, isNgAttr);
+              addDirective(directives, nName, 'A', maxPriority, ignoreDirective, attrStartName,
+                            attrEndName);
+            }
+          }
+
+          if (nodeName === 'input' && node.getAttribute('type') === 'hidden') {
+            // Hidden input elements can have strange behaviour when navigating back to the page
+            // This tells the browser not to try to cache and reinstate previous values
+            node.setAttribute('autocomplete', 'off');
+          }
+
+          // use class as directive
+          if (!cssClassDirectivesEnabled) break;
+          className = node.className;
+          if (isObject(className)) {
+              // Maybe SVGAnimatedString
+              className = className.animVal;
+          }
+          if (isString(className) && className !== '') {
+            while ((match = CLASS_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP.exec(className))) {
+              nName = directiveNormalize(match[2]);
+              if (addDirective(directives, nName, 'C', maxPriority, ignoreDirective)) {
+                attrs[nName] = trim(match[3]);
+              }
+              className = className.substr(match.index + match[0].length);
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+        case NODE_TYPE_TEXT: /* Text Node */
+          addTextInterpolateDirective(directives, node.nodeValue);
+          break;
+        case NODE_TYPE_COMMENT: /* Comment */
+          if (!commentDirectivesEnabled) break;
+          collectCommentDirectives(node, directives, attrs, maxPriority, ignoreDirective);
+          break;
+      }
+
+      directives.sort(byPriority);
+      return directives;
+    }
+
+    function collectCommentDirectives(node, directives, attrs, maxPriority, ignoreDirective) {
+      // function created because of performance, try/catch disables
+      // the optimization of the whole function #14848
+      try {
+        var match = COMMENT_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP.exec(node.nodeValue);
+        if (match) {
+          var nName = directiveNormalize(match[1]);
+          if (addDirective(directives, nName, 'M', maxPriority, ignoreDirective)) {
+            attrs[nName] = trim(match[2]);
+          }
+        }
+      } catch (e) {
+        // turns out that under some circumstances IE9 throws errors when one attempts to read
+        // comment's node value.
+        // Just ignore it and continue. (Can't seem to reproduce in test case.)
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given a node with a directive-start it collects all of the siblings until it finds
+     * directive-end.
+     * @param node
+     * @param attrStart
+     * @param attrEnd
+     * @returns {*}
+     */
+    function groupScan(node, attrStart, attrEnd) {
+      var nodes = [];
+      var depth = 0;
+      if (attrStart && node.hasAttribute && node.hasAttribute(attrStart)) {
+        do {
+          if (!node) {
+            throw $compileMinErr('uterdir',
+                      'Unterminated attribute, found \'{0}\' but no matching \'{1}\' found.',
+                      attrStart, attrEnd);
+          }
+          if (node.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT) {
+            if (node.hasAttribute(attrStart)) depth++;
+            if (node.hasAttribute(attrEnd)) depth--;
+          }
+          nodes.push(node);
+          node = node.nextSibling;
+        } while (depth > 0);
+      } else {
+        nodes.push(node);
+      }
+
+      return jqLite(nodes);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for linking function which converts normal linking function into a grouped
+     * linking function.
+     * @param linkFn
+     * @param attrStart
+     * @param attrEnd
+     * @returns {Function}
+     */
+    function groupElementsLinkFnWrapper(linkFn, attrStart, attrEnd) {
+      return function groupedElementsLink(scope, element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn) {
+        element = groupScan(element[0], attrStart, attrEnd);
+        return linkFn(scope, element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn);
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A function generator that is used to support both eager and lazy compilation
+     * linking function.
+     * @param eager
+     * @param $compileNodes
+     * @param transcludeFn
+     * @param maxPriority
+     * @param ignoreDirective
+     * @param previousCompileContext
+     * @returns {Function}
+     */
+    function compilationGenerator(eager, $compileNodes, transcludeFn, maxPriority, ignoreDirective, previousCompileContext) {
+      var compiled;
+
+      if (eager) {
+        return compile($compileNodes, transcludeFn, maxPriority, ignoreDirective, previousCompileContext);
+      }
+      return /** @this */ function lazyCompilation() {
+        if (!compiled) {
+          compiled = compile($compileNodes, transcludeFn, maxPriority, ignoreDirective, previousCompileContext);
+
+          // Null out all of these references in order to make them eligible for garbage collection
+          // since this is a potentially long lived closure
+          $compileNodes = transcludeFn = previousCompileContext = null;
+        }
+        return compiled.apply(this, arguments);
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Once the directives have been collected, their compile functions are executed. This method
+     * is responsible for inlining directive templates as well as terminating the application
+     * of the directives if the terminal directive has been reached.
+     *
+     * @param {Array} directives Array of collected directives to execute their compile function.
+     *        this needs to be pre-sorted by priority order.
+     * @param {Node} compileNode The raw DOM node to apply the compile functions to
+     * @param {Object} templateAttrs The shared attribute function
+     * @param {function(angular.Scope, cloneAttachFn=)} transcludeFn A linking function, where the
+     *                                                  scope argument is auto-generated to the new
+     *                                                  child of the transcluded parent scope.
+     * @param {JQLite} jqCollection If we are working on the root of the compile tree then this
+     *                              argument has the root jqLite array so that we can replace nodes
+     *                              on it.
+     * @param {Object=} originalReplaceDirective An optional directive that will be ignored when
+     *                                           compiling the transclusion.
+     * @param {Array.<Function>} preLinkFns
+     * @param {Array.<Function>} postLinkFns
+     * @param {Object} previousCompileContext Context used for previous compilation of the current
+     *                                        node
+     * @returns {Function} linkFn
+     */
+    function applyDirectivesToNode(directives, compileNode, templateAttrs, transcludeFn,
+                                   jqCollection, originalReplaceDirective, preLinkFns, postLinkFns,
+                                   previousCompileContext) {
+      previousCompileContext = previousCompileContext || {};
+
+      var terminalPriority = -Number.MAX_VALUE,
+          newScopeDirective = previousCompileContext.newScopeDirective,
+          controllerDirectives = previousCompileContext.controllerDirectives,
+          newIsolateScopeDirective = previousCompileContext.newIsolateScopeDirective,
+          templateDirective = previousCompileContext.templateDirective,
+          nonTlbTranscludeDirective = previousCompileContext.nonTlbTranscludeDirective,
+          hasTranscludeDirective = false,
+          hasTemplate = false,
+          hasElementTranscludeDirective = previousCompileContext.hasElementTranscludeDirective,
+          $compileNode = templateAttrs.$$element = jqLite(compileNode),
+          directive,
+          directiveName,
+          $template,
+          replaceDirective = originalReplaceDirective,
+          childTranscludeFn = transcludeFn,
+          linkFn,
+          didScanForMultipleTransclusion = false,
+          mightHaveMultipleTransclusionError = false,
+          directiveValue;
+
+      // executes all directives on the current element
+      for (var i = 0, ii = directives.length; i < ii; i++) {
+        directive = directives[i];
+        var attrStart = directive.$$start;
+        var attrEnd = directive.$$end;
+
+        // collect multiblock sections
+        if (attrStart) {
+          $compileNode = groupScan(compileNode, attrStart, attrEnd);
+        }
+        $template = undefined;
+
+        if (terminalPriority > directive.priority) {
+          break; // prevent further processing of directives
+        }
+
+        directiveValue = directive.scope;
+
+        if (directiveValue) {
+
+          // skip the check for directives with async templates, we'll check the derived sync
+          // directive when the template arrives
+          if (!directive.templateUrl) {
+            if (isObject(directiveValue)) {
+              // This directive is trying to add an isolated scope.
+              // Check that there is no scope of any kind already
+              assertNoDuplicate('new/isolated scope', newIsolateScopeDirective || newScopeDirective,
+                                directive, $compileNode);
+              newIsolateScopeDirective = directive;
+            } else {
+              // This directive is trying to add a child scope.
+              // Check that there is no isolated scope already
+              assertNoDuplicate('new/isolated scope', newIsolateScopeDirective, directive,
+                                $compileNode);
+            }
+          }
+
+          newScopeDirective = newScopeDirective || directive;
+        }
+
+        directiveName = directive.name;
+
+        // If we encounter a condition that can result in transclusion on the directive,
+        // then scan ahead in the remaining directives for others that may cause a multiple
+        // transclusion error to be thrown during the compilation process.  If a matching directive
+        // is found, then we know that when we encounter a transcluded directive, we need to eagerly
+        // compile the `transclude` function rather than doing it lazily in order to throw
+        // exceptions at the correct time
+        if (!didScanForMultipleTransclusion && ((directive.replace && (directive.templateUrl || directive.template))
+            || (directive.transclude && !directive.$$tlb))) {
+                var candidateDirective;
+
+                for (var scanningIndex = i + 1; (candidateDirective = directives[scanningIndex++]);) {
+                    if ((candidateDirective.transclude && !candidateDirective.$$tlb)
+                        || (candidateDirective.replace && (candidateDirective.templateUrl || candidateDirective.template))) {
+                        mightHaveMultipleTransclusionError = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                didScanForMultipleTransclusion = true;
+        }
+
+        if (!directive.templateUrl && directive.controller) {
+          controllerDirectives = controllerDirectives || createMap();
+          assertNoDuplicate('\'' + directiveName + '\' controller',
+              controllerDirectives[directiveName], directive, $compileNode);
+          controllerDirectives[directiveName] = directive;
+        }
+
+        directiveValue = directive.transclude;
+
+        if (directiveValue) {
+          hasTranscludeDirective = true;
+
+          // Special case ngIf and ngRepeat so that we don't complain about duplicate transclusion.
+          // This option should only be used by directives that know how to safely handle element transclusion,
+          // where the transcluded nodes are added or replaced after linking.
+          if (!directive.$$tlb) {
+            assertNoDuplicate('transclusion', nonTlbTranscludeDirective, directive, $compileNode);
+            nonTlbTranscludeDirective = directive;
+          }
+
+          if (directiveValue === 'element') {
+            hasElementTranscludeDirective = true;
+            terminalPriority = directive.priority;
+            $template = $compileNode;
+            $compileNode = templateAttrs.$$element =
+                jqLite(compile.$$createComment(directiveName, templateAttrs[directiveName]));
+            compileNode = $compileNode[0];
+            replaceWith(jqCollection, sliceArgs($template), compileNode);
+
+            childTranscludeFn = compilationGenerator(mightHaveMultipleTransclusionError, $template, transcludeFn, terminalPriority,
+                                        replaceDirective && replaceDirective.name, {
+                                          // Don't pass in:
+                                          // - controllerDirectives - otherwise we'll create duplicates controllers
+                                          // - newIsolateScopeDirective or templateDirective - combining templates with
+                                          //   element transclusion doesn't make sense.
+                                          //
+                                          // We need only nonTlbTranscludeDirective so that we prevent putting transclusion
+                                          // on the same element more than once.
+                                          nonTlbTranscludeDirective: nonTlbTranscludeDirective
+                                        });
+          } else {
+
+            var slots = createMap();
+
+            if (!isObject(directiveValue)) {
+              $template = jqLite(jqLiteClone(compileNode)).contents();
+            } else {
+
+              // We have transclusion slots,
+              // collect them up, compile them and store their transclusion functions
+              $template = window.document.createDocumentFragment();
+
+              var slotMap = createMap();
+              var filledSlots = createMap();
+
+              // Parse the element selectors
+              forEach(directiveValue, function(elementSelector, slotName) {
+                // If an element selector starts with a ? then it is optional
+                var optional = (elementSelector.charAt(0) === '?');
+                elementSelector = optional ? elementSelector.substring(1) : elementSelector;
+
+                slotMap[elementSelector] = slotName;
+
+                // We explicitly assign `null` since this implies that a slot was defined but not filled.
+                // Later when calling boundTransclusion functions with a slot name we only error if the
+                // slot is `undefined`
+                slots[slotName] = null;
+
+                // filledSlots contains `true` for all slots that are either optional or have been
+                // filled. This is used to check that we have not missed any required slots
+                filledSlots[slotName] = optional;
+              });
+
+              // Add the matching elements into their slot
+              forEach($compileNode.contents(), function(node) {
+                var slotName = slotMap[directiveNormalize(nodeName_(node))];
+                if (slotName) {
+                  filledSlots[slotName] = true;
+                  slots[slotName] = slots[slotName] || window.document.createDocumentFragment();
+                  slots[slotName].appendChild(node);
+                } else {
+                  $template.appendChild(node);
+                }
+              });
+
+              // Check for required slots that were not filled
+              forEach(filledSlots, function(filled, slotName) {
+                if (!filled) {
+                  throw $compileMinErr('reqslot', 'Required transclusion slot `{0}` was not filled.', slotName);
+                }
+              });
+
+              for (var slotName in slots) {
+                if (slots[slotName]) {
+                  // Only define a transclusion function if the slot was filled
+                  var slotCompileNodes = jqLite(slots[slotName].childNodes);
+                  slots[slotName] = compilationGenerator(mightHaveMultipleTransclusionError, slotCompileNodes, transcludeFn);
+                }
+              }
+
+              $template = jqLite($template.childNodes);
+            }
+
+            $compileNode.empty(); // clear contents
+            childTranscludeFn = compilationGenerator(mightHaveMultipleTransclusionError, $template, transcludeFn, undefined,
+                undefined, { needsNewScope: directive.$$isolateScope || directive.$$newScope});
+            childTranscludeFn.$$slots = slots;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (directive.template) {
+          hasTemplate = true;
+          assertNoDuplicate('template', templateDirective, directive, $compileNode);
+          templateDirective = directive;
+
+          directiveValue = (isFunction(directive.template))
+              ? directive.template($compileNode, templateAttrs)
+              : directive.template;
+
+          directiveValue = denormalizeTemplate(directiveValue);
+
+          if (directive.replace) {
+            replaceDirective = directive;
+            if (jqLiteIsTextNode(directiveValue)) {
+              $template = [];
+            } else {
+              $template = removeComments(wrapTemplate(directive.templateNamespace, trim(directiveValue)));
+            }
+            compileNode = $template[0];
+
+            if ($template.length !== 1 || compileNode.nodeType !== NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT) {
+              throw $compileMinErr('tplrt',
+                  'Template for directive \'{0}\' must have exactly one root element. {1}',
+                  directiveName, '');
+            }
+
+            replaceWith(jqCollection, $compileNode, compileNode);
+
+            var newTemplateAttrs = {$attr: {}};
+
+            // combine directives from the original node and from the template:
+            // - take the array of directives for this element
+            // - split it into two parts, those that already applied (processed) and those that weren't (unprocessed)
+            // - collect directives from the template and sort them by priority
+            // - combine directives as: processed + template + unprocessed
+            var templateDirectives = collectDirectives(compileNode, [], newTemplateAttrs);
+            var unprocessedDirectives = directives.splice(i + 1, directives.length - (i + 1));
+
+            if (newIsolateScopeDirective || newScopeDirective) {
+              // The original directive caused the current element to be replaced but this element
+              // also needs to have a new scope, so we need to tell the template directives
+              // that they would need to get their scope from further up, if they require transclusion
+              markDirectiveScope(templateDirectives, newIsolateScopeDirective, newScopeDirective);
+            }
+            directives = directives.concat(templateDirectives).concat(unprocessedDirectives);
+            mergeTemplateAttributes(templateAttrs, newTemplateAttrs);
+
+            ii = directives.length;
+          } else {
+            $compileNode.html(directiveValue);
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (directive.templateUrl) {
+          hasTemplate = true;
+          assertNoDuplicate('template', templateDirective, directive, $compileNode);
+          templateDirective = directive;
+
+          if (directive.replace) {
+            replaceDirective = directive;
+          }
+
+          // eslint-disable-next-line no-func-assign
+          nodeLinkFn = compileTemplateUrl(directives.splice(i, directives.length - i), $compileNode,
+              templateAttrs, jqCollection, hasTranscludeDirective && childTranscludeFn, preLinkFns, postLinkFns, {
+                controllerDirectives: controllerDirectives,
+                newScopeDirective: (newScopeDirective !== directive) && newScopeDirective,
+                newIsolateScopeDirective: newIsolateScopeDirective,
+                templateDirective: templateDirective,
+                nonTlbTranscludeDirective: nonTlbTranscludeDirective
+              });
+          ii = directives.length;
+        } else if (directive.compile) {
+          try {
+            linkFn = directive.compile($compileNode, templateAttrs, childTranscludeFn);
+            var context = directive.$$originalDirective || directive;
+            if (isFunction(linkFn)) {
+              addLinkFns(null, bind(context, linkFn), attrStart, attrEnd);
+            } else if (linkFn) {
+              addLinkFns(bind(context, linkFn.pre), bind(context, linkFn.post), attrStart, attrEnd);
+            }
+          } catch (e) {
+            $exceptionHandler(e, startingTag($compileNode));
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (directive.terminal) {
+          nodeLinkFn.terminal = true;
+          terminalPriority = Math.max(terminalPriority, directive.priority);
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      nodeLinkFn.scope = newScopeDirective && newScopeDirective.scope === true;
+      nodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement = hasTranscludeDirective;
+      nodeLinkFn.templateOnThisElement = hasTemplate;
+      nodeLinkFn.transclude = childTranscludeFn;
+
+      previousCompileContext.hasElementTranscludeDirective = hasElementTranscludeDirective;
+
+      // might be normal or delayed nodeLinkFn depending on if templateUrl is present
+      return nodeLinkFn;
+
+      ////////////////////
+
+      function addLinkFns(pre, post, attrStart, attrEnd) {
+        if (pre) {
+          if (attrStart) pre = groupElementsLinkFnWrapper(pre, attrStart, attrEnd);
+          pre.require = directive.require;
+          pre.directiveName = directiveName;
+          if (newIsolateScopeDirective === directive || directive.$$isolateScope) {
+            pre = cloneAndAnnotateFn(pre, {isolateScope: true});
+          }
+          preLinkFns.push(pre);
+        }
+        if (post) {
+          if (attrStart) post = groupElementsLinkFnWrapper(post, attrStart, attrEnd);
+          post.require = directive.require;
+          post.directiveName = directiveName;
+          if (newIsolateScopeDirective === directive || directive.$$isolateScope) {
+            post = cloneAndAnnotateFn(post, {isolateScope: true});
+          }
+          postLinkFns.push(post);
+        }
+      }
+
+      function nodeLinkFn(childLinkFn, scope, linkNode, $rootElement, boundTranscludeFn) {
+        var i, ii, linkFn, isolateScope, controllerScope, elementControllers, transcludeFn, $element,
+            attrs, scopeBindingInfo;
+
+        if (compileNode === linkNode) {
+          attrs = templateAttrs;
+          $element = templateAttrs.$$element;
+        } else {
+          $element = jqLite(linkNode);
+          attrs = new Attributes($element, templateAttrs);
+        }
+
+        controllerScope = scope;
+        if (newIsolateScopeDirective) {
+          isolateScope = scope.$new(true);
+        } else if (newScopeDirective) {
+          controllerScope = scope.$parent;
+        }
+
+        if (boundTranscludeFn) {
+          // track `boundTranscludeFn` so it can be unwrapped if `transcludeFn`
+          // is later passed as `parentBoundTranscludeFn` to `publicLinkFn`
+          transcludeFn = controllersBoundTransclude;
+          transcludeFn.$$boundTransclude = boundTranscludeFn;
+          // expose the slots on the `$transclude` function
+          transcludeFn.isSlotFilled = function(slotName) {
+            return !!boundTranscludeFn.$$slots[slotName];
+          };
+        }
+
+        if (controllerDirectives) {
+          elementControllers = setupControllers($element, attrs, transcludeFn, controllerDirectives, isolateScope, scope, newIsolateScopeDirective);
+        }
+
+        if (newIsolateScopeDirective) {
+          // Initialize isolate scope bindings for new isolate scope directive.
+          compile.$$addScopeInfo($element, isolateScope, true, !(templateDirective && (templateDirective === newIsolateScopeDirective ||
+              templateDirective === newIsolateScopeDirective.$$originalDirective)));
+          compile.$$addScopeClass($element, true);
+          isolateScope.$$isolateBindings =
+              newIsolateScopeDirective.$$isolateBindings;
+          scopeBindingInfo = initializeDirectiveBindings(scope, attrs, isolateScope,
+                                        isolateScope.$$isolateBindings,
+                                        newIsolateScopeDirective);
+          if (scopeBindingInfo.removeWatches) {
+            isolateScope.$on('$destroy', scopeBindingInfo.removeWatches);
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Initialize bindToController bindings
+        for (var name in elementControllers) {
+          var controllerDirective = controllerDirectives[name];
+          var controller = elementControllers[name];
+          var bindings = controllerDirective.$$bindings.bindToController;
+
+          controller.instance = controller();
+          $element.data('$' + controllerDirective.name + 'Controller', controller.instance);
+          controller.bindingInfo =
+            initializeDirectiveBindings(controllerScope, attrs, controller.instance, bindings, controllerDirective);
+          }
+
+        // Bind the required controllers to the controller, if `require` is an object and `bindToController` is truthy
+        forEach(controllerDirectives, function(controllerDirective, name) {
+          var require = controllerDirective.require;
+          if (controllerDirective.bindToController && !isArray(require) && isObject(require)) {
+            extend(elementControllers[name].instance, getControllers(name, require, $element, elementControllers));
+          }
+        });
+
+        // Handle the init and destroy lifecycle hooks on all controllers that have them
+        forEach(elementControllers, function(controller) {
+          var controllerInstance = controller.instance;
+          if (isFunction(controllerInstance.$onChanges)) {
+            try {
+              controllerInstance.$onChanges(controller.bindingInfo.initialChanges);
+            } catch (e) {
+              $exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+          }
+          if (isFunction(controllerInstance.$onInit)) {
+            try {
+              controllerInstance.$onInit();
+            } catch (e) {
+              $exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+          }
+          if (isFunction(controllerInstance.$doCheck)) {
+            controllerScope.$watch(function() { controllerInstance.$doCheck(); });
+            controllerInstance.$doCheck();
+          }
+          if (isFunction(controllerInstance.$onDestroy)) {
+            controllerScope.$on('$destroy', function callOnDestroyHook() {
+              controllerInstance.$onDestroy();
+            });
+          }
+        });
+
+        // PRELINKING
+        for (i = 0, ii = preLinkFns.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          linkFn = preLinkFns[i];
+          invokeLinkFn(linkFn,
+              linkFn.isolateScope ? isolateScope : scope,
+              $element,
+              attrs,
+              linkFn.require && getControllers(linkFn.directiveName, linkFn.require, $element, elementControllers),
+              transcludeFn
+          );
+        }
+
+        // RECURSION
+        // We only pass the isolate scope, if the isolate directive has a template,
+        // otherwise the child elements do not belong to the isolate directive.
+        var scopeToChild = scope;
+        if (newIsolateScopeDirective && (newIsolateScopeDirective.template || newIsolateScopeDirective.templateUrl === null)) {
+          scopeToChild = isolateScope;
+        }
+        if (childLinkFn) {
+          childLinkFn(scopeToChild, linkNode.childNodes, undefined, boundTranscludeFn);
+        }
+
+        // POSTLINKING
+        for (i = postLinkFns.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+          linkFn = postLinkFns[i];
+          invokeLinkFn(linkFn,
+              linkFn.isolateScope ? isolateScope : scope,
+              $element,
+              attrs,
+              linkFn.require && getControllers(linkFn.directiveName, linkFn.require, $element, elementControllers),
+              transcludeFn
+          );
+        }
+
+        // Trigger $postLink lifecycle hooks
+        forEach(elementControllers, function(controller) {
+          var controllerInstance = controller.instance;
+          if (isFunction(controllerInstance.$postLink)) {
+            controllerInstance.$postLink();
+          }
+        });
+
+        // This is the function that is injected as `$transclude`.
+        // Note: all arguments are optional!
+        function controllersBoundTransclude(scope, cloneAttachFn, futureParentElement, slotName) {
+          var transcludeControllers;
+          // No scope passed in:
+          if (!isScope(scope)) {
+            slotName = futureParentElement;
+            futureParentElement = cloneAttachFn;
+            cloneAttachFn = scope;
+            scope = undefined;
+          }
+
+          if (hasElementTranscludeDirective) {
+            transcludeControllers = elementControllers;
+          }
+          if (!futureParentElement) {
+            futureParentElement = hasElementTranscludeDirective ? $element.parent() : $element;
+          }
+          if (slotName) {
+            // slotTranscludeFn can be one of three things:
+            //  * a transclude function - a filled slot
+            //  * `null` - an optional slot that was not filled
+            //  * `undefined` - a slot that was not declared (i.e. invalid)
+            var slotTranscludeFn = boundTranscludeFn.$$slots[slotName];
+            if (slotTranscludeFn) {
+              return slotTranscludeFn(scope, cloneAttachFn, transcludeControllers, futureParentElement, scopeToChild);
+            } else if (isUndefined(slotTranscludeFn)) {
+              throw $compileMinErr('noslot',
+               'No parent directive that requires a transclusion with slot name "{0}". ' +
+               'Element: {1}',
+               slotName, startingTag($element));
+            }
+          } else {
+            return boundTranscludeFn(scope, cloneAttachFn, transcludeControllers, futureParentElement, scopeToChild);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    function getControllers(directiveName, require, $element, elementControllers) {
+      var value;
+
+      if (isString(require)) {
+        var match = require.match(REQUIRE_PREFIX_REGEXP);
+        var name = require.substring(match[0].length);
+        var inheritType = match[1] || match[3];
+        var optional = match[2] === '?';
+
+        //If only parents then start at the parent element
+        if (inheritType === '^^') {
+          $element = $element.parent();
+        //Otherwise attempt getting the controller from elementControllers in case
+        //the element is transcluded (and has no data) and to avoid .data if possible
+        } else {
+          value = elementControllers && elementControllers[name];
+          value = value && value.instance;
+        }
+
+        if (!value) {
+          var dataName = '$' + name + 'Controller';
+
+          if (inheritType === '^^' && $element[0] && $element[0].nodeType === NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT) {
+            // inheritedData() uses the documentElement when it finds the document, so we would
+            // require from the element itself.
+            value = null;
+          } else {
+            value = inheritType ? $element.inheritedData(dataName) : $element.data(dataName);
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (!value && !optional) {
+          throw $compileMinErr('ctreq',
+              'Controller \'{0}\', required by directive \'{1}\', can\'t be found!',
+              name, directiveName);
+        }
+      } else if (isArray(require)) {
+        value = [];
+        for (var i = 0, ii = require.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          value[i] = getControllers(directiveName, require[i], $element, elementControllers);
+        }
+      } else if (isObject(require)) {
+        value = {};
+        forEach(require, function(controller, property) {
+          value[property] = getControllers(directiveName, controller, $element, elementControllers);
+        });
+      }
+
+      return value || null;
+    }
+
+    function setupControllers($element, attrs, transcludeFn, controllerDirectives, isolateScope, scope, newIsolateScopeDirective) {
+      var elementControllers = createMap();
+      for (var controllerKey in controllerDirectives) {
+        var directive = controllerDirectives[controllerKey];
+        var locals = {
+          $scope: directive === newIsolateScopeDirective || directive.$$isolateScope ? isolateScope : scope,
+          $element: $element,
+          $attrs: attrs,
+          $transclude: transcludeFn
+        };
+
+        var controller = directive.controller;
+        if (controller === '@') {
+          controller = attrs[directive.name];
+        }
+
+        var controllerInstance = $controller(controller, locals, true, directive.controllerAs);
+
+        // For directives with element transclusion the element is a comment.
+        // In this case .data will not attach any data.
+        // Instead, we save the controllers for the element in a local hash and attach to .data
+        // later, once we have the actual element.
+        elementControllers[directive.name] = controllerInstance;
+        $element.data('$' + directive.name + 'Controller', controllerInstance.instance);
+      }
+      return elementControllers;
+    }
+
+    // Depending upon the context in which a directive finds itself it might need to have a new isolated
+    // or child scope created. For instance:
+    // * if the directive has been pulled into a template because another directive with a higher priority
+    // asked for element transclusion
+    // * if the directive itself asks for transclusion but it is at the root of a template and the original
+    // element was replaced. See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/12936
+    function markDirectiveScope(directives, isolateScope, newScope) {
+      for (var j = 0, jj = directives.length; j < jj; j++) {
+        directives[j] = inherit(directives[j], {$$isolateScope: isolateScope, $$newScope: newScope});
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * looks up the directive and decorates it with exception handling and proper parameters. We
+     * call this the boundDirective.
+     *
+     * @param {string} name name of the directive to look up.
+     * @param {string} location The directive must be found in specific format.
+     *   String containing any of theses characters:
+     *
+     *   * `E`: element name
+     *   * `A': attribute
+     *   * `C`: class
+     *   * `M`: comment
+     * @returns {boolean} true if directive was added.
+     */
+    function addDirective(tDirectives, name, location, maxPriority, ignoreDirective, startAttrName,
+                          endAttrName) {
+      if (name === ignoreDirective) return null;
+      var match = null;
+      if (hasDirectives.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
+        for (var directive, directives = $injector.get(name + Suffix),
+            i = 0, ii = directives.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          directive = directives[i];
+          if ((isUndefined(maxPriority) || maxPriority > directive.priority) &&
+               directive.restrict.indexOf(location) !== -1) {
+            if (startAttrName) {
+              directive = inherit(directive, {$$start: startAttrName, $$end: endAttrName});
+            }
+            if (!directive.$$bindings) {
+              var bindings = directive.$$bindings =
+                  parseDirectiveBindings(directive, directive.name);
+              if (isObject(bindings.isolateScope)) {
+                directive.$$isolateBindings = bindings.isolateScope;
+              }
+            }
+            tDirectives.push(directive);
+            match = directive;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return match;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * looks up the directive and returns true if it is a multi-element directive,
+     * and therefore requires DOM nodes between -start and -end markers to be grouped
+     * together.
+     *
+     * @param {string} name name of the directive to look up.
+     * @returns true if directive was registered as multi-element.
+     */
+    function directiveIsMultiElement(name) {
+      if (hasDirectives.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
+        for (var directive, directives = $injector.get(name + Suffix),
+            i = 0, ii = directives.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          directive = directives[i];
+          if (directive.multiElement) {
+            return true;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When the element is replaced with HTML template then the new attributes
+     * on the template need to be merged with the existing attributes in the DOM.
+     * The desired effect is to have both of the attributes present.
+     *
+     * @param {object} dst destination attributes (original DOM)
+     * @param {object} src source attributes (from the directive template)
+     */
+    function mergeTemplateAttributes(dst, src) {
+      var srcAttr = src.$attr,
+          dstAttr = dst.$attr;
+
+      // reapply the old attributes to the new element
+      forEach(dst, function(value, key) {
+        if (key.charAt(0) !== '$') {
+          if (src[key] && src[key] !== value) {
+            if (value.length) {
+              value += (key === 'style' ? ';' : ' ') + src[key];
+            } else {
+              value = src[key];
+            }
+          }
+          dst.$set(key, value, true, srcAttr[key]);
+        }
+      });
+
+      // copy the new attributes on the old attrs object
+      forEach(src, function(value, key) {
+        // Check if we already set this attribute in the loop above.
+        // `dst` will never contain hasOwnProperty as DOM parser won't let it.
+        // You will get an "InvalidCharacterError: DOM Exception 5" error if you
+        // have an attribute like "has-own-property" or "data-has-own-property", etc.
+        if (!dst.hasOwnProperty(key) && key.charAt(0) !== '$') {
+          dst[key] = value;
+
+          if (key !== 'class' && key !== 'style') {
+            dstAttr[key] = srcAttr[key];
+          }
+        }
+      });
+    }
+
+
+    function compileTemplateUrl(directives, $compileNode, tAttrs,
+        $rootElement, childTranscludeFn, preLinkFns, postLinkFns, previousCompileContext) {
+      var linkQueue = [],
+          afterTemplateNodeLinkFn,
+          afterTemplateChildLinkFn,
+          beforeTemplateCompileNode = $compileNode[0],
+          origAsyncDirective = directives.shift(),
+          derivedSyncDirective = inherit(origAsyncDirective, {
+            templateUrl: null, transclude: null, replace: null, $$originalDirective: origAsyncDirective
+          }),
+          templateUrl = (isFunction(origAsyncDirective.templateUrl))
+              ? origAsyncDirective.templateUrl($compileNode, tAttrs)
+              : origAsyncDirective.templateUrl,
+          templateNamespace = origAsyncDirective.templateNamespace;
+
+      $compileNode.empty();
+
+      $templateRequest(templateUrl)
+        .then(function(content) {
+          var compileNode, tempTemplateAttrs, $template, childBoundTranscludeFn;
+
+          content = denormalizeTemplate(content);
+
+          if (origAsyncDirective.replace) {
+            if (jqLiteIsTextNode(content)) {
+              $template = [];
+            } else {
+              $template = removeComments(wrapTemplate(templateNamespace, trim(content)));
+            }
+            compileNode = $template[0];
+
+            if ($template.length !== 1 || compileNode.nodeType !== NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT) {
+              throw $compileMinErr('tplrt',
+                  'Template for directive \'{0}\' must have exactly one root element. {1}',
+                  origAsyncDirective.name, templateUrl);
+            }
+
+            tempTemplateAttrs = {$attr: {}};
+            replaceWith($rootElement, $compileNode, compileNode);
+            var templateDirectives = collectDirectives(compileNode, [], tempTemplateAttrs);
+
+            if (isObject(origAsyncDirective.scope)) {
+              // the original directive that caused the template to be loaded async required
+              // an isolate scope
+              markDirectiveScope(templateDirectives, true);
+            }
+            directives = templateDirectives.concat(directives);
+            mergeTemplateAttributes(tAttrs, tempTemplateAttrs);
+          } else {
+            compileNode = beforeTemplateCompileNode;
+            $compileNode.html(content);
+          }
+
+          directives.unshift(derivedSyncDirective);
+
+          afterTemplateNodeLinkFn = applyDirectivesToNode(directives, compileNode, tAttrs,
+              childTranscludeFn, $compileNode, origAsyncDirective, preLinkFns, postLinkFns,
+              previousCompileContext);
+          forEach($rootElement, function(node, i) {
+            if (node === compileNode) {
+              $rootElement[i] = $compileNode[0];
+            }
+          });
+          afterTemplateChildLinkFn = compileNodes($compileNode[0].childNodes, childTranscludeFn);
+
+          while (linkQueue.length) {
+            var scope = linkQueue.shift(),
+                beforeTemplateLinkNode = linkQueue.shift(),
+                linkRootElement = linkQueue.shift(),
+                boundTranscludeFn = linkQueue.shift(),
+                linkNode = $compileNode[0];
+
+            if (scope.$$destroyed) continue;
+
+            if (beforeTemplateLinkNode !== beforeTemplateCompileNode) {
+              var oldClasses = beforeTemplateLinkNode.className;
+
+              if (!(previousCompileContext.hasElementTranscludeDirective &&
+                  origAsyncDirective.replace)) {
+                // it was cloned therefore we have to clone as well.
+                linkNode = jqLiteClone(compileNode);
+              }
+              replaceWith(linkRootElement, jqLite(beforeTemplateLinkNode), linkNode);
+
+              // Copy in CSS classes from original node
+              safeAddClass(jqLite(linkNode), oldClasses);
+            }
+            if (afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement) {
+              childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transclude, boundTranscludeFn);
+            } else {
+              childBoundTranscludeFn = boundTranscludeFn;
+            }
+            afterTemplateNodeLinkFn(afterTemplateChildLinkFn, scope, linkNode, $rootElement,
+              childBoundTranscludeFn);
+          }
+          linkQueue = null;
+        }).catch(function(error) {
+          if (isError(error)) {
+            $exceptionHandler(error);
+          }
+        });
+
+      return function delayedNodeLinkFn(ignoreChildLinkFn, scope, node, rootElement, boundTranscludeFn) {
+        var childBoundTranscludeFn = boundTranscludeFn;
+        if (scope.$$destroyed) return;
+        if (linkQueue) {
+          linkQueue.push(scope,
+                         node,
+                         rootElement,
+                         childBoundTranscludeFn);
+        } else {
+          if (afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement) {
+            childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transclude, boundTranscludeFn);
+          }
+          afterTemplateNodeLinkFn(afterTemplateChildLinkFn, scope, node, rootElement, childBoundTranscludeFn);
+        }
+      };
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Sorting function for bound directives.
+     */
+    function byPriority(a, b) {
+      var diff = b.priority - a.priority;
+      if (diff !== 0) return diff;
+      if (a.name !== b.name) return (a.name < b.name) ? -1 : 1;
+      return a.index - b.index;
+    }
+
+    function assertNoDuplicate(what, previousDirective, directive, element) {
+
+      function wrapModuleNameIfDefined(moduleName) {
+        return moduleName ?
+          (' (module: ' + moduleName + ')') :
+          '';
+      }
+
+      if (previousDirective) {
+        throw $compileMinErr('multidir', 'Multiple directives [{0}{1}, {2}{3}] asking for {4} on: {5}',
+            previousDirective.name, wrapModuleNameIfDefined(previousDirective.$$moduleName),
+            directive.name, wrapModuleNameIfDefined(directive.$$moduleName), what, startingTag(element));
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    function addTextInterpolateDirective(directives, text) {
+      var interpolateFn = $interpolate(text, true);
+      if (interpolateFn) {
+        directives.push({
+          priority: 0,
+          compile: function textInterpolateCompileFn(templateNode) {
+            var templateNodeParent = templateNode.parent(),
+                hasCompileParent = !!templateNodeParent.length;
+
+            // When transcluding a template that has bindings in the root
+            // we don't have a parent and thus need to add the class during linking fn.
+            if (hasCompileParent) compile.$$addBindingClass(templateNodeParent);
+
+            return function textInterpolateLinkFn(scope, node) {
+              var parent = node.parent();
+              if (!hasCompileParent) compile.$$addBindingClass(parent);
+              compile.$$addBindingInfo(parent, interpolateFn.expressions);
+              scope.$watch(interpolateFn, function interpolateFnWatchAction(value) {
+                node[0].nodeValue = value;
+              });
+            };
+          }
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    function wrapTemplate(type, template) {
+      type = lowercase(type || 'html');
+      switch (type) {
+      case 'svg':
+      case 'math':
+        var wrapper = window.document.createElement('div');
+        wrapper.innerHTML = '<' + type + '>' + template + '</' + type + '>';
+        return wrapper.childNodes[0].childNodes;
+      default:
+        return template;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    function getTrustedAttrContext(nodeName, attrNormalizedName) {
+      if (attrNormalizedName === 'srcdoc') {
+        return $sce.HTML;
+      }
+      // All nodes with src attributes require a RESOURCE_URL value, except for
+      // img and various html5 media nodes, which require the MEDIA_URL context.
+      if (attrNormalizedName === 'src' || attrNormalizedName === 'ngSrc') {
+        if (['img', 'video', 'audio', 'source', 'track'].indexOf(nodeName) === -1) {
+          return $sce.RESOURCE_URL;
+        }
+        return $sce.MEDIA_URL;
+      } else if (attrNormalizedName === 'xlinkHref') {
+        // Some xlink:href are okay, most aren't
+        if (nodeName === 'image') return $sce.MEDIA_URL;
+        if (nodeName === 'a') return $sce.URL;
+        return $sce.RESOURCE_URL;
+      } else if (
+          // Formaction
+          (nodeName === 'form' && attrNormalizedName === 'action') ||
+          // If relative URLs can go where they are not expected to, then
+          // all sorts of trust issues can arise.
+          (nodeName === 'base' && attrNormalizedName === 'href') ||
+          // links can be stylesheets or imports, which can run script in the current origin
+          (nodeName === 'link' && attrNormalizedName === 'href')
+      ) {
+        return $sce.RESOURCE_URL;
+      } else if (nodeName === 'a' && (attrNormalizedName === 'href' ||
+                                 attrNormalizedName === 'ngHref')) {
+        return $sce.URL;
+      }
+    }
+
+    function getTrustedPropContext(nodeName, propNormalizedName) {
+      var prop = propNormalizedName.toLowerCase();
+      return PROP_CONTEXTS[nodeName + '|' + prop] || PROP_CONTEXTS['*|' + prop];
+    }
+
+    function sanitizeSrcsetPropertyValue(value) {
+      return sanitizeSrcset($sce.valueOf(value), 'ng-prop-srcset');
+    }
+    function addPropertyDirective(node, directives, attrName, propName) {
+      if (EVENT_HANDLER_ATTR_REGEXP.test(propName)) {
+        throw $compileMinErr('nodomevents', 'Property bindings for HTML DOM event properties are disallowed');
+      }
+
+      var nodeName = nodeName_(node);
+      var trustedContext = getTrustedPropContext(nodeName, propName);
+
+      var sanitizer = identity;
+      // Sanitize img[srcset] + source[srcset] values.
+      if (propName === 'srcset' && (nodeName === 'img' || nodeName === 'source')) {
+        sanitizer = sanitizeSrcsetPropertyValue;
+      } else if (trustedContext) {
+        sanitizer = $sce.getTrusted.bind($sce, trustedContext);
+      }
+
+      directives.push({
+        priority: 100,
+        compile: function ngPropCompileFn(_, attr) {
+          var ngPropGetter = $parse(attr[attrName]);
+          var ngPropWatch = $parse(attr[attrName], function sceValueOf(val) {
+            // Unwrap the value to compare the actual inner safe value, not the wrapper object.
+            return $sce.valueOf(val);
+          });
+
+          return {
+            pre: function ngPropPreLinkFn(scope, $element) {
+              function applyPropValue() {
+                var propValue = ngPropGetter(scope);
+                $element[0][propName] = sanitizer(propValue);
+              }
+
+              applyPropValue();
+              scope.$watch(ngPropWatch, applyPropValue);
+            }
+          };
+        }
+      });
+    }
+
+    function addEventDirective(directives, attrName, eventName) {
+      directives.push(
+        createEventDirective($parse, $rootScope, $exceptionHandler, attrName, eventName, /*forceAsync=*/false)
+      );
+    }
+
+    function addAttrInterpolateDirective(node, directives, value, name, isNgAttr) {
+      var nodeName = nodeName_(node);
+      var trustedContext = getTrustedAttrContext(nodeName, name);
+      var mustHaveExpression = !isNgAttr;
+      var allOrNothing = ALL_OR_NOTHING_ATTRS[name] || isNgAttr;
+
+      var interpolateFn = $interpolate(value, mustHaveExpression, trustedContext, allOrNothing);
+
+      // no interpolation found -> ignore
+      if (!interpolateFn) return;
+
+      if (name === 'multiple' && nodeName === 'select') {
+        throw $compileMinErr('selmulti',
+            'Binding to the \'multiple\' attribute is not supported. Element: {0}',
+            startingTag(node));
+      }
+
+      if (EVENT_HANDLER_ATTR_REGEXP.test(name)) {
+        throw $compileMinErr('nodomevents', 'Interpolations for HTML DOM event attributes are disallowed');
+      }
+
+      directives.push({
+        priority: 100,
+        compile: function() {
+            return {
+              pre: function attrInterpolatePreLinkFn(scope, element, attr) {
+                var $$observers = (attr.$$observers || (attr.$$observers = createMap()));
+
+                // If the attribute has changed since last $interpolate()ed
+                var newValue = attr[name];
+                if (newValue !== value) {
+                  // we need to interpolate again since the attribute value has been updated
+                  // (e.g. by another directive's compile function)
+                  // ensure unset/empty values make interpolateFn falsy
+                  interpolateFn = newValue && $interpolate(newValue, true, trustedContext, allOrNothing);
+                  value = newValue;
+                }
+
+                // if attribute was updated so that there is no interpolation going on we don't want to
+                // register any observers
+                if (!interpolateFn) return;
+
+                // initialize attr object so that it's ready in case we need the value for isolate
+                // scope initialization, otherwise the value would not be available from isolate
+                // directive's linking fn during linking phase
+                attr[name] = interpolateFn(scope);
+
+                ($$observers[name] || ($$observers[name] = [])).$$inter = true;
+                (attr.$$observers && attr.$$observers[name].$$scope || scope).
+                  $watch(interpolateFn, function interpolateFnWatchAction(newValue, oldValue) {
+                    //special case for class attribute addition + removal
+                    //so that class changes can tap into the animation
+                    //hooks provided by the $animate service. Be sure to
+                    //skip animations when the first digest occurs (when
+                    //both the new and the old values are the same) since
+                    //the CSS classes are the non-interpolated values
+                    if (name === 'class' && newValue !== oldValue) {
+                      attr.$updateClass(newValue, oldValue);
+                    } else {
+                      attr.$set(name, newValue);
+                    }
+                  });
+              }
+            };
+          }
+      });
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * This is a special jqLite.replaceWith, which can replace items which
+     * have no parents, provided that the containing jqLite collection is provided.
+     *
+     * @param {JqLite=} $rootElement The root of the compile tree. Used so that we can replace nodes
+     *                               in the root of the tree.
+     * @param {JqLite} elementsToRemove The jqLite element which we are going to replace. We keep
+     *                                  the shell, but replace its DOM node reference.
+     * @param {Node} newNode The new DOM node.
+     */
+    function replaceWith($rootElement, elementsToRemove, newNode) {
+      var firstElementToRemove = elementsToRemove[0],
+          removeCount = elementsToRemove.length,
+          parent = firstElementToRemove.parentNode,
+          i, ii;
+
+      if ($rootElement) {
+        for (i = 0, ii = $rootElement.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          if ($rootElement[i] === firstElementToRemove) {
+            $rootElement[i++] = newNode;
+            for (var j = i, j2 = j + removeCount - 1,
+                     jj = $rootElement.length;
+                 j < jj; j++, j2++) {
+              if (j2 < jj) {
+                $rootElement[j] = $rootElement[j2];
+              } else {
+                delete $rootElement[j];
+              }
+            }
+            $rootElement.length -= removeCount - 1;
+
+            // If the replaced element is also the jQuery .context then replace it
+            // .context is a deprecated jQuery api, so we should set it only when jQuery set it
+            // http://api.jquery.com/context/
+            if ($rootElement.context === firstElementToRemove) {
+              $rootElement.context = newNode;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (parent) {
+        parent.replaceChild(newNode, firstElementToRemove);
+      }
+
+      // Append all the `elementsToRemove` to a fragment. This will...
+      // - remove them from the DOM
+      // - allow them to still be traversed with .nextSibling
+      // - allow a single fragment.qSA to fetch all elements being removed
+      var fragment = window.document.createDocumentFragment();
+      for (i = 0; i < removeCount; i++) {
+        fragment.appendChild(elementsToRemove[i]);
+      }
+
+      if (jqLite.hasData(firstElementToRemove)) {
+        // Copy over user data (that includes AngularJS's $scope etc.). Don't copy private
+        // data here because there's no public interface in jQuery to do that and copying over
+        // event listeners (which is the main use of private data) wouldn't work anyway.
+        jqLite.data(newNode, jqLite.data(firstElementToRemove));
+
+        // Remove $destroy event listeners from `firstElementToRemove`
+        jqLite(firstElementToRemove).off('$destroy');
+      }
+
+      // Cleanup any data/listeners on the elements and children.
+      // This includes invoking the $destroy event on any elements with listeners.
+      jqLite.cleanData(fragment.querySelectorAll('*'));
+
+      // Update the jqLite collection to only contain the `newNode`
+      for (i = 1; i < removeCount; i++) {
+        delete elementsToRemove[i];
+      }
+      elementsToRemove[0] = newNode;
+      elementsToRemove.length = 1;
+    }
+
+
+    function cloneAndAnnotateFn(fn, annotation) {
+      return extend(function() { return fn.apply(null, arguments); }, fn, annotation);
+    }
+
+
+    function invokeLinkFn(linkFn, scope, $element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn) {
+      try {
+        linkFn(scope, $element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn);
+      } catch (e) {
+        $exceptionHandler(e, startingTag($element));
+      }
+    }
+
+    function strictBindingsCheck(attrName, directiveName) {
+      if (strictComponentBindingsEnabled) {
+        throw $compileMinErr('missingattr',
+          'Attribute \'{0}\' of \'{1}\' is non-optional and must be set!',
+          attrName, directiveName);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Set up $watches for isolate scope and controller bindings.
+    function initializeDirectiveBindings(scope, attrs, destination, bindings, directive) {
+      var removeWatchCollection = [];
+      var initialChanges = {};
+      var changes;
+
+      forEach(bindings, function initializeBinding(definition, scopeName) {
+        var attrName = definition.attrName,
+        optional = definition.optional,
+        mode = definition.mode, // @, =, <, or &
+        lastValue,
+        parentGet, parentSet, compare, removeWatch;
+
+        switch (mode) {
+
+          case '@':
+            if (!optional && !hasOwnProperty.call(attrs, attrName)) {
+              strictBindingsCheck(attrName, directive.name);
+              destination[scopeName] = attrs[attrName] = undefined;
+
+            }
+            removeWatch = attrs.$observe(attrName, function(value) {
+              if (isString(value) || isBoolean(value)) {
+                var oldValue = destination[scopeName];
+                recordChanges(scopeName, value, oldValue);
+                destination[scopeName] = value;
+              }
+            });
+            attrs.$$observers[attrName].$$scope = scope;
+            lastValue = attrs[attrName];
+            if (isString(lastValue)) {
+              // If the attribute has been provided then we trigger an interpolation to ensure
+              // the value is there for use in the link fn
+              destination[scopeName] = $interpolate(lastValue)(scope);
+            } else if (isBoolean(lastValue)) {
+              // If the attributes is one of the BOOLEAN_ATTR then AngularJS will have converted
+              // the value to boolean rather than a string, so we special case this situation
+              destination[scopeName] = lastValue;
+            }
+            initialChanges[scopeName] = new SimpleChange(_UNINITIALIZED_VALUE, destination[scopeName]);
+            removeWatchCollection.push(removeWatch);
+            break;
+
+          case '=':
+            if (!hasOwnProperty.call(attrs, attrName)) {
+              if (optional) break;
+              strictBindingsCheck(attrName, directive.name);
+              attrs[attrName] = undefined;
+            }
+            if (optional && !attrs[attrName]) break;
+
+            parentGet = $parse(attrs[attrName]);
+            if (parentGet.literal) {
+              compare = equals;
+            } else {
+              compare = simpleCompare;
+            }
+            parentSet = parentGet.assign || function() {
+              // reset the change, or we will throw this exception on every $digest
+              lastValue = destination[scopeName] = parentGet(scope);
+              throw $compileMinErr('nonassign',
+                  'Expression \'{0}\' in attribute \'{1}\' used with directive \'{2}\' is non-assignable!',
+                  attrs[attrName], attrName, directive.name);
+            };
+            lastValue = destination[scopeName] = parentGet(scope);
+            var parentValueWatch = function parentValueWatch(parentValue) {
+              if (!compare(parentValue, destination[scopeName])) {
+                // we are out of sync and need to copy
+                if (!compare(parentValue, lastValue)) {
+                  // parent changed and it has precedence
+                  destination[scopeName] = parentValue;
+                } else {
+                  // if the parent can be assigned then do so
+                  parentSet(scope, parentValue = destination[scopeName]);
+                }
+              }
+              lastValue = parentValue;
+              return lastValue;
+            };
+            parentValueWatch.$stateful = true;
+            if (definition.collection) {
+              removeWatch = scope.$watchCollection(attrs[attrName], parentValueWatch);
+            } else {
+              removeWatch = scope.$watch($parse(attrs[attrName], parentValueWatch), null, parentGet.literal);
+            }
+            removeWatchCollection.push(removeWatch);
+            break;
+
+          case '<':
+            if (!hasOwnProperty.call(attrs, attrName)) {
+              if (optional) break;
+              strictBindingsCheck(attrName, directive.name);
+              attrs[attrName] = undefined;
+            }
+            if (optional && !attrs[attrName]) break;
+
+            parentGet = $parse(attrs[attrName]);
+            var isLiteral = parentGet.literal;
+
+            var initialValue = destination[scopeName] = parentGet(scope);
+            initialChanges[scopeName] = new SimpleChange(_UNINITIALIZED_VALUE, destination[scopeName]);
+
+            removeWatch = scope[definition.collection ? '$watchCollection' : '$watch'](parentGet, function parentValueWatchAction(newValue, oldValue) {
+              if (oldValue === newValue) {
+                if (oldValue === initialValue || (isLiteral && equals(oldValue, initialValue))) {
+                  return;
+                }
+                oldValue = initialValue;
+              }
+              recordChanges(scopeName, newValue, oldValue);
+              destination[scopeName] = newValue;
+            });
+
+            removeWatchCollection.push(removeWatch);
+            break;
+
+          case '&':
+            if (!optional && !hasOwnProperty.call(attrs, attrName)) {
+              strictBindingsCheck(attrName, directive.name);
+            }
+            // Don't assign Object.prototype method to scope
+            parentGet = attrs.hasOwnProperty(attrName) ? $parse(attrs[attrName]) : noop;
+
+            // Don't assign noop to destination if expression is not valid
+            if (parentGet === noop && optional) break;
+
+            destination[scopeName] = function(locals) {
+              return parentGet(scope, locals);
+            };
+            break;
+        }
+      });
+
+      function recordChanges(key, currentValue, previousValue) {
+        if (isFunction(destination.$onChanges) && !simpleCompare(currentValue, previousValue)) {
+          // If we have not already scheduled the top level onChangesQueue handler then do so now
+          if (!onChangesQueue) {
+            scope.$$postDigest(flushOnChangesQueue);
+            onChangesQueue = [];
+          }
+          // If we have not already queued a trigger of onChanges for this controller then do so now
+          if (!changes) {
+            changes = {};
+            onChangesQueue.push(triggerOnChangesHook);
+          }
+          // If the has been a change on this property already then we need to reuse the previous value
+          if (changes[key]) {
+            previousValue = changes[key].previousValue;
+          }
+          // Store this change
+          changes[key] = new SimpleChange(previousValue, currentValue);
+        }
+      }
+
+      function triggerOnChangesHook() {
+        destination.$onChanges(changes);
+        // Now clear the changes so that we schedule onChanges when more changes arrive
+        changes = undefined;
+      }
+
+      return {
+        initialChanges: initialChanges,
+        removeWatches: removeWatchCollection.length && function removeWatches() {
+          for (var i = 0, ii = removeWatchCollection.length; i < ii; ++i) {
+            removeWatchCollection[i]();
+          }
+        }
+      };
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+function SimpleChange(previous, current) {
+  this.previousValue = previous;
+  this.currentValue = current;
+}
+SimpleChange.prototype.isFirstChange = function() { return this.previousValue === _UNINITIALIZED_VALUE; };
+
+
+var PREFIX_REGEXP = /^((?:x|data)[:\-_])/i;
+var SPECIAL_CHARS_REGEXP = /[:\-_]+(.)/g;
+
+/**
+ * Converts all accepted directives format into proper directive name.
+ * @param name Name to normalize
+ */
+function directiveNormalize(name) {
+  return name
+    .replace(PREFIX_REGEXP, '')
+    .replace(SPECIAL_CHARS_REGEXP, function(_, letter, offset) {
+      return offset ? letter.toUpperCase() : letter;
+    });
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc type
+ * @name $compile.directive.Attributes
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A shared object between directive compile / linking functions which contains normalized DOM
+ * element attributes. The values reflect current binding state `{{ }}`. The normalization is
+ * needed since all of these are treated as equivalent in AngularJS:
+ *
+ * ```
+ *    <span ng:bind="a" ng-bind="a" data-ng-bind="a" x-ng-bind="a">
+ * ```
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc property
+ * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$attr
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A map of DOM element attribute names to the normalized name. This is
+ * needed to do reverse lookup from normalized name back to actual name.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$set
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Set DOM element attribute value.
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {string} name Normalized element attribute name of the property to modify. The name is
+ *          reverse-translated using the {@link ng.$compile.directive.Attributes#$attr $attr}
+ *          property to the original name.
+ * @param {string} value Value to set the attribute to. The value can be an interpolated string.
+ */
+
+
+
+/**
+ * Closure compiler type information
+ */
+
+function nodesetLinkingFn(
+  /* angular.Scope */ scope,
+  /* NodeList */ nodeList,
+  /* Element */ rootElement,
+  /* function(Function) */ boundTranscludeFn
+) {}
+
+function directiveLinkingFn(
+  /* nodesetLinkingFn */ nodesetLinkingFn,
+  /* angular.Scope */ scope,
+  /* Node */ node,
+  /* Element */ rootElement,
+  /* function(Function) */ boundTranscludeFn
+) {}
+
+function tokenDifference(str1, str2) {
+  var values = '',
+      tokens1 = str1.split(/\s+/),
+      tokens2 = str2.split(/\s+/);
+
+  outer:
+  for (var i = 0; i < tokens1.length; i++) {
+    var token = tokens1[i];
+    for (var j = 0; j < tokens2.length; j++) {
+      if (token === tokens2[j]) continue outer;
+    }
+    values += (values.length > 0 ? ' ' : '') + token;
+  }
+  return values;
+}
+
+function removeComments(jqNodes) {
+  jqNodes = jqLite(jqNodes);
+  var i = jqNodes.length;
+
+  if (i <= 1) {
+    return jqNodes;
+  }
+
+  while (i--) {
+    var node = jqNodes[i];
+    if (node.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_COMMENT ||
+       (node.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_TEXT && node.nodeValue.trim() === '')) {
+         splice.call(jqNodes, i, 1);
+    }
+  }
+  return jqNodes;
+}
+
+var $controllerMinErr = minErr('$controller');
+
+
+var CNTRL_REG = /^(\S+)(\s+as\s+([\w$]+))?$/;
+function identifierForController(controller, ident) {
+  if (ident && isString(ident)) return ident;
+  if (isString(controller)) {
+    var match = CNTRL_REG.exec(controller);
+    if (match) return match[3];
+  }
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $controllerProvider
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The {@link ng.$controller $controller service} is used by AngularJS to create new
+ * controllers.
+ *
+ * This provider allows controller registration via the
+ * {@link ng.$controllerProvider#register register} method.
+ */
+function $ControllerProvider() {
+  var controllers = {};
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $controllerProvider#has
+   * @param {string} name Controller name to check.
+   */
+  this.has = function(name) {
+    return controllers.hasOwnProperty(name);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $controllerProvider#register
+   * @param {string|Object} name Controller name, or an object map of controllers where the keys are
+   *    the names and the values are the constructors.
+   * @param {Function|Array} constructor Controller constructor fn (optionally decorated with DI
+   *    annotations in the array notation).
+   */
+  this.register = function(name, constructor) {
+    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'controller');
+    if (isObject(name)) {
+      extend(controllers, name);
+    } else {
+      controllers[name] = constructor;
+    }
+  };
+
+  this.$get = ['$injector', function($injector) {
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc service
+     * @name $controller
+     * @requires $injector
+     *
+     * @param {Function|string} constructor If called with a function then it's considered to be the
+     *    controller constructor function. Otherwise it's considered to be a string which is used
+     *    to retrieve the controller constructor using the following steps:
+     *
+     *    * check if a controller with given name is registered via `$controllerProvider`
+     *    * check if evaluating the string on the current scope returns a constructor
+     *
+     *    The string can use the `controller as property` syntax, where the controller instance is published
+     *    as the specified property on the `scope`; the `scope` must be injected into `locals` param for this
+     *    to work correctly.
+     *
+     * @param {Object} locals Injection locals for Controller.
+     * @return {Object} Instance of given controller.
+     *
+     * @description
+     * `$controller` service is responsible for instantiating controllers.
+     *
+     * It's just a simple call to {@link auto.$injector $injector}, but extracted into
+     * a service, so that one can override this service with [BC version](https://gist.github.com/1649788).
+     */
+    return function $controller(expression, locals, later, ident) {
+      // PRIVATE API:
+      //   param `later` --- indicates that the controller's constructor is invoked at a later time.
+      //                     If true, $controller will allocate the object with the correct
+      //                     prototype chain, but will not invoke the controller until a returned
+      //                     callback is invoked.
+      //   param `ident` --- An optional label which overrides the label parsed from the controller
+      //                     expression, if any.
+      var instance, match, constructor, identifier;
+      later = later === true;
+      if (ident && isString(ident)) {
+        identifier = ident;
+      }
+
+      if (isString(expression)) {
+        match = expression.match(CNTRL_REG);
+        if (!match) {
+          throw $controllerMinErr('ctrlfmt',
+            'Badly formed controller string \'{0}\'. ' +
+            'Must match `__name__ as __id__` or `__name__`.', expression);
+        }
+        constructor = match[1];
+        identifier = identifier || match[3];
+        expression = controllers.hasOwnProperty(constructor)
+            ? controllers[constructor]
+            : getter(locals.$scope, constructor, true);
+
+        if (!expression) {
+          throw $controllerMinErr('ctrlreg',
+            'The controller with the name \'{0}\' is not registered.', constructor);
+        }
+
+        assertArgFn(expression, constructor, true);
+      }
+
+      if (later) {
+        // Instantiate controller later:
+        // This machinery is used to create an instance of the object before calling the
+        // controller's constructor itself.
+        //
+        // This allows properties to be added to the controller before the constructor is
+        // invoked. Primarily, this is used for isolate scope bindings in $compile.
+        //
+        // This feature is not intended for use by applications, and is thus not documented
+        // publicly.
+        // Object creation: http://jsperf.com/create-constructor/2
+        var controllerPrototype = (isArray(expression) ?
+          expression[expression.length - 1] : expression).prototype;
+        instance = Object.create(controllerPrototype || null);
+
+        if (identifier) {
+          addIdentifier(locals, identifier, instance, constructor || expression.name);
+        }
+
+        return extend(function $controllerInit() {
+          var result = $injector.invoke(expression, instance, locals, constructor);
+          if (result !== instance && (isObject(result) || isFunction(result))) {
+            instance = result;
+            if (identifier) {
+              // If result changed, re-assign controllerAs value to scope.
+              addIdentifier(locals, identifier, instance, constructor || expression.name);
+            }
+          }
+          return instance;
+        }, {
+          instance: instance,
+          identifier: identifier
+        });
+      }
+
+      instance = $injector.instantiate(expression, locals, constructor);
+
+      if (identifier) {
+        addIdentifier(locals, identifier, instance, constructor || expression.name);
+      }
+
+      return instance;
+    };
+
+    function addIdentifier(locals, identifier, instance, name) {
+      if (!(locals && isObject(locals.$scope))) {
+        throw minErr('$controller')('noscp',
+          'Cannot export controller \'{0}\' as \'{1}\'! No $scope object provided via `locals`.',
+          name, identifier);
+      }
+
+      locals.$scope[identifier] = instance;
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $document
+ * @requires $window
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A {@link angular.element jQuery or jqLite} wrapper for the browser's `window.document` object.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="documentExample" name="document">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <p>$document title: <b ng-bind="title"></b></p>
+         <p>window.document title: <b ng-bind="windowTitle"></b></p>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('documentExample', [])
+         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$document', function($scope, $document) {
+           $scope.title = $document[0].title;
+           $scope.windowTitle = angular.element(window.document)[0].title;
+         }]);
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+function $DocumentProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$window', function(window) {
+    return jqLite(window.document);
+  }];
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ * @this
+ * Listens for document visibility change and makes the current status accessible.
+ */
+function $$IsDocumentHiddenProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$document', '$rootScope', function($document, $rootScope) {
+    var doc = $document[0];
+    var hidden = doc && doc.hidden;
+
+    $document.on('visibilitychange', changeListener);
+
+    $rootScope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+      $document.off('visibilitychange', changeListener);
+    });
+
+    function changeListener() {
+      hidden = doc.hidden;
+    }
+
+    return function() {
+      return hidden;
+    };
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $exceptionHandler
+ * @requires ng.$log
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Any uncaught exception in AngularJS expressions is delegated to this service.
+ * The default implementation simply delegates to `$log.error` which logs it into
+ * the browser console.
+ *
+ * In unit tests, if `angular-mocks.js` is loaded, this service is overridden by
+ * {@link ngMock.$exceptionHandler mock $exceptionHandler} which aids in testing.
+ *
+ * ## Example:
+ *
+ * The example below will overwrite the default `$exceptionHandler` in order to (a) log uncaught
+ * errors to the backend for later inspection by the developers and (b) to use `$log.warn()` instead
+ * of `$log.error()`.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   angular.
+ *     module('exceptionOverwrite', []).
+ *     factory('$exceptionHandler', ['$log', 'logErrorsToBackend', function($log, logErrorsToBackend) {
+ *       return function myExceptionHandler(exception, cause) {
+ *         logErrorsToBackend(exception, cause);
+ *         $log.warn(exception, cause);
+ *       };
+ *     }]);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * <hr />
+ * Note, that code executed in event-listeners (even those registered using jqLite's `on`/`bind`
+ * methods) does not delegate exceptions to the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler}
+ * (unless executed during a digest).
+ *
+ * If you wish, you can manually delegate exceptions, e.g.
+ * `try { ... } catch(e) { $exceptionHandler(e); }`
+ *
+ * @param {Error} exception Exception associated with the error.
+ * @param {string=} cause Optional information about the context in which
+ *       the error was thrown.
+ *
+ */
+function $ExceptionHandlerProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$log', function($log) {
+    return function(exception, cause) {
+      $log.error.apply($log, arguments);
+    };
+  }];
+}
+
+var $$ForceReflowProvider = /** @this */ function() {
+  this.$get = ['$document', function($document) {
+    return function(domNode) {
+      //the line below will force the browser to perform a repaint so
+      //that all the animated elements within the animation frame will
+      //be properly updated and drawn on screen. This is required to
+      //ensure that the preparation animation is properly flushed so that
+      //the active state picks up from there. DO NOT REMOVE THIS LINE.
+      //DO NOT OPTIMIZE THIS LINE. THE MINIFIER WILL REMOVE IT OTHERWISE WHICH
+      //WILL RESULT IN AN UNPREDICTABLE BUG THAT IS VERY HARD TO TRACK DOWN AND
+      //WILL TAKE YEARS AWAY FROM YOUR LIFE.
+      if (domNode) {
+        if (!domNode.nodeType && domNode instanceof jqLite) {
+          domNode = domNode[0];
+        }
+      } else {
+        domNode = $document[0].body;
+      }
+      return domNode.offsetWidth + 1;
+    };
+  }];
+};
+
+var APPLICATION_JSON = 'application/json';
+var CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON = {'Content-Type': APPLICATION_JSON + ';charset=utf-8'};
+var JSON_START = /^\[|^\{(?!\{)/;
+var JSON_ENDS = {
+  '[': /]$/,
+  '{': /}$/
+};
+var JSON_PROTECTION_PREFIX = /^\)]\}',?\n/;
+var $httpMinErr = minErr('$http');
+
+function serializeValue(v) {
+  if (isObject(v)) {
+    return isDate(v) ? v.toISOString() : toJson(v);
+  }
+  return v;
+}
+
+
+/** @this */
+function $HttpParamSerializerProvider() {
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc service
+   * @name $httpParamSerializer
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Default {@link $http `$http`} params serializer that converts objects to strings
+   * according to the following rules:
+   *
+   * * `{'foo': 'bar'}` results in `foo=bar`
+   * * `{'foo': Date.now()}` results in `foo=2015-04-01T09%3A50%3A49.262Z` (`toISOString()` and encoded representation of a Date object)
+   * * `{'foo': ['bar', 'baz']}` results in `foo=bar&foo=baz` (repeated key for each array element)
+   * * `{'foo': {'bar':'baz'}}` results in `foo=%7B%22bar%22%3A%22baz%22%7D` (stringified and encoded representation of an object)
+   *
+   * Note that serializer will sort the request parameters alphabetically.
+   */
+
+  this.$get = function() {
+    return function ngParamSerializer(params) {
+      if (!params) return '';
+      var parts = [];
+      forEachSorted(params, function(value, key) {
+        if (value === null || isUndefined(value) || isFunction(value)) return;
+        if (isArray(value)) {
+          forEach(value, function(v) {
+            parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key)  + '=' + encodeUriQuery(serializeValue(v)));
+          });
+        } else {
+          parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key) + '=' + encodeUriQuery(serializeValue(value)));
+        }
+      });
+
+      return parts.join('&');
+    };
+  };
+}
+
+/** @this */
+function $HttpParamSerializerJQLikeProvider() {
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc service
+   * @name $httpParamSerializerJQLike
+   *
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Alternative {@link $http `$http`} params serializer that follows
+   * jQuery's [`param()`](http://api.jquery.com/jquery.param/) method logic.
+   * The serializer will also sort the params alphabetically.
+   *
+   * To use it for serializing `$http` request parameters, set it as the `paramSerializer` property:
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * $http({
+   *   url: myUrl,
+   *   method: 'GET',
+   *   params: myParams,
+   *   paramSerializer: '$httpParamSerializerJQLike'
+   * });
+   * ```
+   *
+   * It is also possible to set it as the default `paramSerializer` in the
+   * {@link $httpProvider#defaults `$httpProvider`}.
+   *
+   * Additionally, you can inject the serializer and use it explicitly, for example to serialize
+   * form data for submission:
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * .controller(function($http, $httpParamSerializerJQLike) {
+   *   //...
+   *
+   *   $http({
+   *     url: myUrl,
+   *     method: 'POST',
+   *     data: $httpParamSerializerJQLike(myData),
+   *     headers: {
+   *       'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
+   *     }
+   *   });
+   *
+   * });
+   * ```
+   *
+   */
+  this.$get = function() {
+    return function jQueryLikeParamSerializer(params) {
+      if (!params) return '';
+      var parts = [];
+      serialize(params, '', true);
+      return parts.join('&');
+
+      function serialize(toSerialize, prefix, topLevel) {
+        if (isArray(toSerialize)) {
+          forEach(toSerialize, function(value, index) {
+            serialize(value, prefix + '[' + (isObject(value) ? index : '') + ']');
+          });
+        } else if (isObject(toSerialize) && !isDate(toSerialize)) {
+          forEachSorted(toSerialize, function(value, key) {
+            serialize(value, prefix +
+                (topLevel ? '' : '[') +
+                key +
+                (topLevel ? '' : ']'));
+          });
+        } else {
+          if (isFunction(toSerialize)) {
+            toSerialize = toSerialize();
+          }
+          parts.push(encodeUriQuery(prefix) + '=' +
+              (toSerialize == null ? '' : encodeUriQuery(serializeValue(toSerialize))));
+        }
+      }
+    };
+  };
+}
+
+function defaultHttpResponseTransform(data, headers) {
+  if (isString(data)) {
+    // Strip json vulnerability protection prefix and trim whitespace
+    var tempData = data.replace(JSON_PROTECTION_PREFIX, '').trim();
+
+    if (tempData) {
+      var contentType = headers('Content-Type');
+      var hasJsonContentType = contentType && (contentType.indexOf(APPLICATION_JSON) === 0);
+
+      if (hasJsonContentType || isJsonLike(tempData)) {
+        try {
+          data = fromJson(tempData);
+        } catch (e) {
+          if (!hasJsonContentType) {
+            return data;
+          }
+          throw $httpMinErr('baddata', 'Data must be a valid JSON object. Received: "{0}". ' +
+          'Parse error: "{1}"', data, e);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return data;
+}
+
+function isJsonLike(str) {
+    var jsonStart = str.match(JSON_START);
+    return jsonStart && JSON_ENDS[jsonStart[0]].test(str);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse headers into key value object
+ *
+ * @param {string} headers Raw headers as a string
+ * @returns {Object} Parsed headers as key value object
+ */
+function parseHeaders(headers) {
+  var parsed = createMap(), i;
+
+  function fillInParsed(key, val) {
+    if (key) {
+      parsed[key] = parsed[key] ? parsed[key] + ', ' + val : val;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (isString(headers)) {
+    forEach(headers.split('\n'), function(line) {
+      i = line.indexOf(':');
+      fillInParsed(lowercase(trim(line.substr(0, i))), trim(line.substr(i + 1)));
+    });
+  } else if (isObject(headers)) {
+    forEach(headers, function(headerVal, headerKey) {
+      fillInParsed(lowercase(headerKey), trim(headerVal));
+    });
+  }
+
+  return parsed;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns a function that provides access to parsed headers.
+ *
+ * Headers are lazy parsed when first requested.
+ * @see parseHeaders
+ *
+ * @param {(string|Object)} headers Headers to provide access to.
+ * @returns {function(string=)} Returns a getter function which if called with:
+ *
+ *   - if called with an argument returns a single header value or null
+ *   - if called with no arguments returns an object containing all headers.
+ */
+function headersGetter(headers) {
+  var headersObj;
+
+  return function(name) {
+    if (!headersObj) headersObj =  parseHeaders(headers);
+
+    if (name) {
+      var value = headersObj[lowercase(name)];
+      if (value === undefined) {
+        value = null;
+      }
+      return value;
+    }
+
+    return headersObj;
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Chain all given functions
+ *
+ * This function is used for both request and response transforming
+ *
+ * @param {*} data Data to transform.
+ * @param {function(string=)} headers HTTP headers getter fn.
+ * @param {number} status HTTP status code of the response.
+ * @param {(Function|Array.<Function>)} fns Function or an array of functions.
+ * @returns {*} Transformed data.
+ */
+function transformData(data, headers, status, fns) {
+  if (isFunction(fns)) {
+    return fns(data, headers, status);
+  }
+
+  forEach(fns, function(fn) {
+    data = fn(data, headers, status);
+  });
+
+  return data;
+}
+
+
+function isSuccess(status) {
+  return 200 <= status && status < 300;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $httpProvider
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Use `$httpProvider` to change the default behavior of the {@link ng.$http $http} service.
+ */
+function $HttpProvider() {
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc property
+   * @name $httpProvider#defaults
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Object containing default values for all {@link ng.$http $http} requests.
+   *
+   * - **`defaults.cache`** - {boolean|Object} - A boolean value or object created with
+   * {@link ng.$cacheFactory `$cacheFactory`} to enable or disable caching of HTTP responses
+   * by default. See {@link $http#caching $http Caching} for more information.
+   *
+   * - **`defaults.headers`** - {Object} - Default headers for all $http requests.
+   * Refer to {@link ng.$http#setting-http-headers $http} for documentation on
+   * setting default headers.
+   *     - **`defaults.headers.common`**
+   *     - **`defaults.headers.post`**
+   *     - **`defaults.headers.put`**
+   *     - **`defaults.headers.patch`**
+   *
+   * - **`defaults.jsonpCallbackParam`** - `{string}` - the name of the query parameter that passes the name of the
+   * callback in a JSONP request. The value of this parameter will be replaced with the expression generated by the
+   * {@link $jsonpCallbacks} service. Defaults to `'callback'`.
+   *
+   * - **`defaults.paramSerializer`** - `{string|function(Object<string,string>):string}` - A function
+   *  used to the prepare string representation of request parameters (specified as an object).
+   *  If specified as string, it is interpreted as a function registered with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}.
+   *  Defaults to {@link ng.$httpParamSerializer $httpParamSerializer}.
+   *
+   * - **`defaults.transformRequest`** -
+   * `{Array<function(data, headersGetter)>|function(data, headersGetter)}` -
+   * An array of functions (or a single function) which are applied to the request data.
+   * By default, this is an array with one request transformation function:
+   *
+   *   - If the `data` property of the request configuration object contains an object, serialize it
+   *     into JSON format.
+   *
+   * - **`defaults.transformResponse`** -
+   * `{Array<function(data, headersGetter, status)>|function(data, headersGetter, status)}` -
+   * An array of functions (or a single function) which are applied to the response data. By default,
+   * this is an array which applies one response transformation function that does two things:
+   *
+   *  - If XSRF prefix is detected, strip it
+   *    (see {@link ng.$http#security-considerations Security Considerations in the $http docs}).
+   *  - If the `Content-Type` is `application/json` or the response looks like JSON,
+   *    deserialize it using a JSON parser.
+   *
+   * - **`defaults.xsrfCookieName`** - {string} - Name of cookie containing the XSRF token.
+   * Defaults value is `'XSRF-TOKEN'`.
+   *
+   * - **`defaults.xsrfHeaderName`** - {string} - Name of HTTP header to populate with the
+   * XSRF token. Defaults value is `'X-XSRF-TOKEN'`.
+   *
+   */
+  var defaults = this.defaults = {
+    // transform incoming response data
+    transformResponse: [defaultHttpResponseTransform],
+
+    // transform outgoing request data
+    transformRequest: [function(d) {
+      return isObject(d) && !isFile(d) && !isBlob(d) && !isFormData(d) ? toJson(d) : d;
+    }],
+
+    // default headers
+    headers: {
+      common: {
+        'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*'
+      },
+      post:   shallowCopy(CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON),
+      put:    shallowCopy(CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON),
+      patch:  shallowCopy(CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON)
+    },
+
+    xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN',
+    xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN',
+
+    paramSerializer: '$httpParamSerializer',
+
+    jsonpCallbackParam: 'callback'
+  };
+
+  var useApplyAsync = false;
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $httpProvider#useApplyAsync
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Configure $http service to combine processing of multiple http responses received at around
+   * the same time via {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$applyAsync $rootScope.$applyAsync}. This can result in
+   * significant performance improvement for bigger applications that make many HTTP requests
+   * concurrently (common during application bootstrap).
+   *
+   * Defaults to false. If no value is specified, returns the current configured value.
+   *
+   * @param {boolean=} value If true, when requests are loaded, they will schedule a deferred
+   *    "apply" on the next tick, giving time for subsequent requests in a roughly ~10ms window
+   *    to load and share the same digest cycle.
+   *
+   * @returns {boolean|Object} If a value is specified, returns the $httpProvider for chaining.
+   *    otherwise, returns the current configured value.
+   */
+  this.useApplyAsync = function(value) {
+    if (isDefined(value)) {
+      useApplyAsync = !!value;
+      return this;
+    }
+    return useApplyAsync;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc property
+   * @name $httpProvider#interceptors
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Array containing service factories for all synchronous or asynchronous {@link ng.$http $http}
+   * pre-processing of request or postprocessing of responses.
+   *
+   * These service factories are ordered by request, i.e. they are applied in the same order as the
+   * array, on request, but reverse order, on response.
+   *
+   * {@link ng.$http#interceptors Interceptors detailed info}
+   */
+  var interceptorFactories = this.interceptors = [];
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc property
+   * @name $httpProvider#xsrfTrustedOrigins
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Array containing URLs whose origins are trusted to receive the XSRF token. See the
+   * {@link ng.$http#security-considerations Security Considerations} sections for more details on
+   * XSRF.
+   *
+   * **Note:** An "origin" consists of the [URI scheme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URI_scheme),
+   * the [hostname](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hostname) and the
+   * [port number](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_(computer_networking). For `http:` and
+   * `https:`, the port number can be omitted if using th default ports (80 and 443 respectively).
+   * Examples: `http://example.com`, `https://api.example.com:9876`
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   *   It is not possible to trust specific URLs/paths. The `path`, `query` and `fragment` parts
+   *   of a URL will be ignored. For example, `https://foo.com/path/bar?query=baz#fragment` will be
+   *   treated as `https://foo.com`, meaning that **all** requests to URLs starting with
+   *   `https://foo.com/` will include the XSRF token.
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * @example
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // App served from `https://example.com/`.
+   * angular.
+   *   module('xsrfTrustedOriginsExample', []).
+   *   config(['$httpProvider', function($httpProvider) {
+   *     $httpProvider.xsrfTrustedOrigins.push('https://api.example.com');
+   *   }]).
+   *   run(['$http', function($http) {
+   *     // The XSRF token will be sent.
+   *     $http.get('https://api.example.com/preferences').then(...);
+   *
+   *     // The XSRF token will NOT be sent.
+   *     $http.get('https://stats.example.com/activity').then(...);
+   *   }]);
+   * ```
+   */
+  var xsrfTrustedOrigins = this.xsrfTrustedOrigins = [];
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc property
+   * @name $httpProvider#xsrfWhitelistedOrigins
+   * @description
+   *
+   * @deprecated
+   * sinceVersion="1.8.1"
+   *
+   * This property is deprecated. Use {@link $httpProvider#xsrfTrustedOrigins xsrfTrustedOrigins}
+   * instead.
+   */
+  Object.defineProperty(this, 'xsrfWhitelistedOrigins', {
+    get: function() {
+      return this.xsrfTrustedOrigins;
+    },
+    set: function(origins) {
+      this.xsrfTrustedOrigins = origins;
+    }
+  });
+
+  this.$get = ['$browser', '$httpBackend', '$$cookieReader', '$cacheFactory', '$rootScope', '$q', '$injector', '$sce',
+      function($browser, $httpBackend, $$cookieReader, $cacheFactory, $rootScope, $q, $injector, $sce) {
+
+    var defaultCache = $cacheFactory('$http');
+
+    /**
+     * Make sure that default param serializer is exposed as a function
+     */
+    defaults.paramSerializer = isString(defaults.paramSerializer) ?
+      $injector.get(defaults.paramSerializer) : defaults.paramSerializer;
+
+    /**
+     * Interceptors stored in reverse order. Inner interceptors before outer interceptors.
+     * The reversal is needed so that we can build up the interception chain around the
+     * server request.
+     */
+    var reversedInterceptors = [];
+
+    forEach(interceptorFactories, function(interceptorFactory) {
+      reversedInterceptors.unshift(isString(interceptorFactory)
+          ? $injector.get(interceptorFactory) : $injector.invoke(interceptorFactory));
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * A function to check request URLs against a list of allowed origins.
+     */
+    var urlIsAllowedOrigin = urlIsAllowedOriginFactory(xsrfTrustedOrigins);
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc service
+     * @kind function
+     * @name $http
+     * @requires ng.$httpBackend
+     * @requires $cacheFactory
+     * @requires $rootScope
+     * @requires $q
+     * @requires $injector
+     *
+     * @description
+     * The `$http` service is a core AngularJS service that facilitates communication with the remote
+     * HTTP servers via the browser's [XMLHttpRequest](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/xmlhttprequest)
+     * object or via [JSONP](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSONP).
+     *
+     * For unit testing applications that use `$http` service, see
+     * {@link ngMock.$httpBackend $httpBackend mock}.
+     *
+     * For a higher level of abstraction, please check out the {@link ngResource.$resource
+     * $resource} service.
+     *
+     * The $http API is based on the {@link ng.$q deferred/promise APIs} exposed by
+     * the $q service. While for simple usage patterns this doesn't matter much, for advanced usage
+     * it is important to familiarize yourself with these APIs and the guarantees they provide.
+     *
+     *
+     * ## General usage
+     * The `$http` service is a function which takes a single argument — a {@link $http#usage configuration object} —
+     * that is used to generate an HTTP request and returns  a {@link ng.$q promise} that is
+     * resolved (request success) or rejected (request failure) with a
+     * {@link ng.$http#$http-returns response} object.
+     *
+     * ```js
+     *   // Simple GET request example:
+     *   $http({
+     *     method: 'GET',
+     *     url: '/someUrl'
+     *   }).then(function successCallback(response) {
+     *       // this callback will be called asynchronously
+     *       // when the response is available
+     *     }, function errorCallback(response) {
+     *       // called asynchronously if an error occurs
+     *       // or server returns response with an error status.
+     *     });
+     * ```
+     *
+     *
+     * ## Shortcut methods
+     *
+     * Shortcut methods are also available. All shortcut methods require passing in the URL, and
+     * request data must be passed in for POST/PUT requests. An optional config can be passed as the
+     * last argument.
+     *
+     * ```js
+     *   $http.get('/someUrl', config).then(successCallback, errorCallback);
+     *   $http.post('/someUrl', data, config).then(successCallback, errorCallback);
+     * ```
+     *
+     * Complete list of shortcut methods:
+     *
+     * - {@link ng.$http#get $http.get}
+     * - {@link ng.$http#head $http.head}
+     * - {@link ng.$http#post $http.post}
+     * - {@link ng.$http#put $http.put}
+     * - {@link ng.$http#delete $http.delete}
+     * - {@link ng.$http#jsonp $http.jsonp}
+     * - {@link ng.$http#patch $http.patch}
+     *
+     *
+     * ## Writing Unit Tests that use $http
+     * When unit testing (using {@link ngMock ngMock}), it is necessary to call
+     * {@link ngMock.$httpBackend#flush $httpBackend.flush()} to flush each pending
+     * request using trained responses.
+     *
+     * ```
+     * $httpBackend.expectGET(...);
+     * $http.get(...);
+     * $httpBackend.flush();
+     * ```
+     *
+     * ## Setting HTTP Headers
+     *
+     * The $http service will automatically add certain HTTP headers to all requests. These defaults
+     * can be fully configured by accessing the `$httpProvider.defaults.headers` configuration
+     * object, which currently contains this default configuration:
+     *
+     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.common` (headers that are common for all requests):
+     *   - <code>Accept: application/json, text/plain, \*&#65279;/&#65279;\*</code>
+     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.post`: (header defaults for POST requests)
+     *   - `Content-Type: application/json`
+     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.put` (header defaults for PUT requests)
+     *   - `Content-Type: application/json`
+     *
+     * To add or overwrite these defaults, simply add or remove a property from these configuration
+     * objects. To add headers for an HTTP method other than POST or PUT, simply add a new object
+     * with the lowercased HTTP method name as the key, e.g.
+     * `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.get = { 'My-Header' : 'value' }`.
+     *
+     * The defaults can also be set at runtime via the `$http.defaults` object in the same
+     * fashion. For example:
+     *
+     * ```
+     * module.run(function($http) {
+     *   $http.defaults.headers.common.Authorization = 'Basic YmVlcDpib29w';
+     * });
+     * ```
+     *
+     * In addition, you can supply a `headers` property in the config object passed when
+     * calling `$http(config)`, which overrides the defaults without changing them globally.
+     *
+     * To explicitly remove a header automatically added via $httpProvider.defaults.headers on a per request basis,
+     * Use the `headers` property, setting the desired header to `undefined`. For example:
+     *
+     * ```js
+     * var req = {
+     *  method: 'POST',
+     *  url: 'http://example.com',
+     *  headers: {
+     *    'Content-Type': undefined
+     *  },
+     *  data: { test: 'test' }
+     * }
+     *
+     * $http(req).then(function(){...}, function(){...});
+     * ```
+     *
+     * ## Transforming Requests and Responses
+     *
+     * Both requests and responses can be transformed using transformation functions: `transformRequest`
+     * and `transformResponse`. These properties can be a single function that returns
+     * the transformed value (`function(data, headersGetter, status)`) or an array of such transformation functions,
+     * which allows you to `push` or `unshift` a new transformation function into the transformation chain.
+     *
+     * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+     * **Note:** AngularJS does not make a copy of the `data` parameter before it is passed into the `transformRequest` pipeline.
+     * That means changes to the properties of `data` are not local to the transform function (since Javascript passes objects by reference).
+     * For example, when calling `$http.get(url, $scope.myObject)`, modifications to the object's properties in a transformRequest
+     * function will be reflected on the scope and in any templates where the object is data-bound.
+     * To prevent this, transform functions should have no side-effects.
+     * If you need to modify properties, it is recommended to make a copy of the data, or create new object to return.
+     * </div>
+     *
+     * ### Default Transformations
+     *
+     * The `$httpProvider` provider and `$http` service expose `defaults.transformRequest` and
+     * `defaults.transformResponse` properties. If a request does not provide its own transformations
+     * then these will be applied.
+     *
+     * You can augment or replace the default transformations by modifying these properties by adding to or
+     * replacing the array.
+     *
+     * AngularJS provides the following default transformations:
+     *
+     * Request transformations (`$httpProvider.defaults.transformRequest` and `$http.defaults.transformRequest`) is
+     * an array with one function that does the following:
+     *
+     * - If the `data` property of the request configuration object contains an object, serialize it
+     *   into JSON format.
+     *
+     * Response transformations (`$httpProvider.defaults.transformResponse` and `$http.defaults.transformResponse`) is
+     * an array with one function that does the following:
+     *
+     *  - If XSRF prefix is detected, strip it (see Security Considerations section below).
+     *  - If the `Content-Type` is `application/json` or the response looks like JSON,
+   *      deserialize it using a JSON parser.
+     *
+     *
+     * ### Overriding the Default Transformations Per Request
+     *
+     * If you wish to override the request/response transformations only for a single request then provide
+     * `transformRequest` and/or `transformResponse` properties on the configuration object passed
+     * into `$http`.
+     *
+     * Note that if you provide these properties on the config object the default transformations will be
+     * overwritten. If you wish to augment the default transformations then you must include them in your
+     * local transformation array.
+     *
+     * The following code demonstrates adding a new response transformation to be run after the default response
+     * transformations have been run.
+     *
+     * ```js
+     * function appendTransform(defaults, transform) {
+     *
+     *   // We can't guarantee that the default transformation is an array
+     *   defaults = angular.isArray(defaults) ? defaults : [defaults];
+     *
+     *   // Append the new transformation to the defaults
+     *   return defaults.concat(transform);
+     * }
+     *
+     * $http({
+     *   url: '...',
+     *   method: 'GET',
+     *   transformResponse: appendTransform($http.defaults.transformResponse, function(value) {
+     *     return doTransform(value);
+     *   })
+     * });
+     * ```
+     *
+     *
+     * ## Caching
+     *
+     * {@link ng.$http `$http`} responses are not cached by default. To enable caching, you must
+     * set the config.cache value or the default cache value to TRUE or to a cache object (created
+     * with {@link ng.$cacheFactory `$cacheFactory`}). If defined, the value of config.cache takes
+     * precedence over the default cache value.
+     *
+     * In order to:
+     *   * cache all responses - set the default cache value to TRUE or to a cache object
+     *   * cache a specific response - set config.cache value to TRUE or to a cache object
+     *
+     * If caching is enabled, but neither the default cache nor config.cache are set to a cache object,
+     * then the default `$cacheFactory("$http")` object is used.
+     *
+     * The default cache value can be set by updating the
+     * {@link ng.$http#defaults `$http.defaults.cache`} property or the
+     * {@link $httpProvider#defaults `$httpProvider.defaults.cache`} property.
+     *
+     * When caching is enabled, {@link ng.$http `$http`} stores the response from the server using
+     * the relevant cache object. The next time the same request is made, the response is returned
+     * from the cache without sending a request to the server.
+     *
+     * Take note that:
+     *
+     *   * Only GET and JSONP requests are cached.
+     *   * The cache key is the request URL including search parameters; headers are not considered.
+     *   * Cached responses are returned asynchronously, in the same way as responses from the server.
+     *   * If multiple identical requests are made using the same cache, which is not yet populated,
+     *     one request will be made to the server and remaining requests will return the same response.
+     *   * A cache-control header on the response does not affect if or how responses are cached.
+     *
+     *
+     * ## Interceptors
+     *
+     * Before you start creating interceptors, be sure to understand the
+     * {@link ng.$q $q and deferred/promise APIs}.
+     *
+     * For purposes of global error handling, authentication, or any kind of synchronous or
+     * asynchronous pre-processing of request or postprocessing of responses, it is desirable to be
+     * able to intercept requests before they are handed to the server and
+     * responses before they are handed over to the application code that
+     * initiated these requests. The interceptors leverage the {@link ng.$q
+     * promise APIs} to fulfill this need for both synchronous and asynchronous pre-processing.
+     *
+     * The interceptors are service factories that are registered with the `$httpProvider` by
+     * adding them to the `$httpProvider.interceptors` array. The factory is called and
+     * injected with dependencies (if specified) and returns the interceptor.
+     *
+     * There are two kinds of interceptors (and two kinds of rejection interceptors):
+     *
+     *   * `request`: interceptors get called with a http {@link $http#usage config} object. The function is free to
+     *     modify the `config` object or create a new one. The function needs to return the `config`
+     *     object directly, or a promise containing the `config` or a new `config` object.
+     *   * `requestError`: interceptor gets called when a previous interceptor threw an error or
+     *     resolved with a rejection.
+     *   * `response`: interceptors get called with http `response` object. The function is free to
+     *     modify the `response` object or create a new one. The function needs to return the `response`
+     *     object directly, or as a promise containing the `response` or a new `response` object.
+     *   * `responseError`: interceptor gets called when a previous interceptor threw an error or
+     *     resolved with a rejection.
+     *
+     *
+     * ```js
+     *   // register the interceptor as a service
+     *   $provide.factory('myHttpInterceptor', function($q, dependency1, dependency2) {
+     *     return {
+     *       // optional method
+     *       'request': function(config) {
+     *         // do something on success
+     *         return config;
+     *       },
+     *
+     *       // optional method
+     *      'requestError': function(rejection) {
+     *         // do something on error
+     *         if (canRecover(rejection)) {
+     *           return responseOrNewPromise
+     *         }
+     *         return $q.reject(rejection);
+     *       },
+     *
+     *
+     *
+     *       // optional method
+     *       'response': function(response) {
+     *         // do something on success
+     *         return response;
+     *       },
+     *
+     *       // optional method
+     *      'responseError': function(rejection) {
+     *         // do something on error
+     *         if (canRecover(rejection)) {
+     *           return responseOrNewPromise
+     *         }
+     *         return $q.reject(rejection);
+     *       }
+     *     };
+     *   });
+     *
+     *   $httpProvider.interceptors.push('myHttpInterceptor');
+     *
+     *
+     *   // alternatively, register the interceptor via an anonymous factory
+     *   $httpProvider.interceptors.push(function($q, dependency1, dependency2) {
+     *     return {
+     *      'request': function(config) {
+     *          // same as above
+     *       },
+     *
+     *       'response': function(response) {
+     *          // same as above
+     *       }
+     *     };
+     *   });
+     * ```
+     *
+     * ## Security Considerations
+     *
+     * When designing web applications, consider security threats from:
+     *
+     * - [JSON vulnerability](http://haacked.com/archive/2008/11/20/anatomy-of-a-subtle-json-vulnerability.aspx)
+     * - [XSRF](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery)
+     *
+     * Both server and the client must cooperate in order to eliminate these threats. AngularJS comes
+     * pre-configured with strategies that address these issues, but for this to work backend server
+     * cooperation is required.
+     *
+     * ### JSON Vulnerability Protection
+     *
+     * A [JSON vulnerability](http://haacked.com/archive/2008/11/20/anatomy-of-a-subtle-json-vulnerability.aspx)
+     * allows third party website to turn your JSON resource URL into
+     * [JSONP](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSONP) request under some conditions. To
+     * counter this your server can prefix all JSON requests with following string `")]}',\n"`.
+     * AngularJS will automatically strip the prefix before processing it as JSON.
+     *
+     * For example if your server needs to return:
+     * ```js
+     * ['one','two']
+     * ```
+     *
+     * which is vulnerable to attack, your server can return:
+     * ```js
+     * )]}',
+     * ['one','two']
+     * ```
+     *
+     * AngularJS will strip the prefix, before processing the JSON.
+     *
+     *
+     * ### Cross Site Request Forgery (XSRF) Protection
+     *
+     * [XSRF](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery) is an attack technique by
+     * which the attacker can trick an authenticated user into unknowingly executing actions on your
+     * website. AngularJS provides a mechanism to counter XSRF. When performing XHR requests, the
+     * $http service reads a token from a cookie (by default, `XSRF-TOKEN`) and sets it as an HTTP
+     * header (by default `X-XSRF-TOKEN`). Since only JavaScript that runs on your domain could read
+     * the cookie, your server can be assured that the XHR came from JavaScript running on your
+     * domain.
+     *
+     * To take advantage of this, your server needs to set a token in a JavaScript readable session
+     * cookie called `XSRF-TOKEN` on the first HTTP GET request. On subsequent XHR requests the
+     * server can verify that the cookie matches the `X-XSRF-TOKEN` HTTP header, and therefore be
+     * sure that only JavaScript running on your domain could have sent the request. The token must
+     * be unique for each user and must be verifiable by the server (to prevent the JavaScript from
+     * making up its own tokens). We recommend that the token is a digest of your site's
+     * authentication cookie with a [salt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(cryptography&#41;)
+     * for added security.
+     *
+     * The header will &mdash; by default &mdash; **not** be set for cross-domain requests. This
+     * prevents unauthorized servers (e.g. malicious or compromised 3rd-party APIs) from gaining
+     * access to your users' XSRF tokens and exposing them to Cross Site Request Forgery. If you
+     * want to, you can trust additional origins to also receive the XSRF token, by adding them
+     * to {@link ng.$httpProvider#xsrfTrustedOrigins xsrfTrustedOrigins}. This might be
+     * useful, for example, if your application, served from `example.com`, needs to access your API
+     * at `api.example.com`.
+     * See {@link ng.$httpProvider#xsrfTrustedOrigins $httpProvider.xsrfTrustedOrigins} for
+     * more details.
+     *
+     * <div class="alert alert-danger">
+     *   **Warning**<br />
+     *   Only trusted origins that you have control over and make sure you understand the
+     *   implications of doing so.
+     * </div>
+     *
+     * The name of the cookie and the header can be specified using the `xsrfCookieName` and
+     * `xsrfHeaderName` properties of either `$httpProvider.defaults` at config-time,
+     * `$http.defaults` at run-time, or the per-request config object.
+     *
+     * In order to prevent collisions in environments where multiple AngularJS apps share the
+     * same domain or subdomain, we recommend that each application uses a unique cookie name.
+     *
+     *
+     * @param {object} config Object describing the request to be made and how it should be
+     *    processed. The object has following properties:
+     *
+     *    - **method** – `{string}` – HTTP method (e.g. 'GET', 'POST', etc)
+     *    - **url** – `{string|TrustedObject}` – Absolute or relative URL of the resource that is being requested;
+     *      or an object created by a call to `$sce.trustAsResourceUrl(url)`.
+     *    - **params** – `{Object.<string|Object>}` – Map of strings or objects which will be serialized
+     *      with the `paramSerializer` and appended as GET parameters.
+     *    - **data** – `{string|Object}` – Data to be sent as the request message data.
+     *    - **headers** – `{Object}` – Map of strings or functions which return strings representing
+     *      HTTP headers to send to the server. If the return value of a function is null, the
+     *      header will not be sent. Functions accept a config object as an argument.
+     *    - **eventHandlers** - `{Object}` - Event listeners to be bound to the XMLHttpRequest object.
+     *      To bind events to the XMLHttpRequest upload object, use `uploadEventHandlers`.
+     *      The handler will be called in the context of a `$apply` block.
+     *    - **uploadEventHandlers** - `{Object}` - Event listeners to be bound to the XMLHttpRequest upload
+     *      object. To bind events to the XMLHttpRequest object, use `eventHandlers`.
+     *      The handler will be called in the context of a `$apply` block.
+     *    - **xsrfHeaderName** – `{string}` – Name of HTTP header to populate with the XSRF token.
+     *    - **xsrfCookieName** – `{string}` – Name of cookie containing the XSRF token.
+     *    - **transformRequest** –
+     *      `{function(data, headersGetter)|Array.<function(data, headersGetter)>}` –
+     *      transform function or an array of such functions. The transform function takes the http
+     *      request body and headers and returns its transformed (typically serialized) version.
+     *      See {@link ng.$http#overriding-the-default-transformations-per-request
+     *      Overriding the Default Transformations}
+     *    - **transformResponse** –
+     *      `{function(data, headersGetter, status)|Array.<function(data, headersGetter, status)>}` –
+     *      transform function or an array of such functions. The transform function takes the http
+     *      response body, headers and status and returns its transformed (typically deserialized) version.
+     *      See {@link ng.$http#overriding-the-default-transformations-per-request
+     *      Overriding the Default Transformations}
+     *    - **paramSerializer** - `{string|function(Object<string,string>):string}` - A function used to
+     *      prepare the string representation of request parameters (specified as an object).
+     *      If specified as string, it is interpreted as function registered with the
+     *      {@link $injector $injector}, which means you can create your own serializer
+     *      by registering it as a {@link auto.$provide#service service}.
+     *      The default serializer is the {@link $httpParamSerializer $httpParamSerializer};
+     *      alternatively, you can use the {@link $httpParamSerializerJQLike $httpParamSerializerJQLike}
+     *    - **cache** – `{boolean|Object}` – A boolean value or object created with
+     *      {@link ng.$cacheFactory `$cacheFactory`} to enable or disable caching of the HTTP response.
+     *      See {@link $http#caching $http Caching} for more information.
+     *    - **timeout** – `{number|Promise}` – timeout in milliseconds, or {@link ng.$q promise}
+     *      that should abort the request when resolved.
+     *
+     *      A numerical timeout or a promise returned from {@link ng.$timeout $timeout}, will set
+     *      the `xhrStatus` in the {@link $http#$http-returns response} to "timeout", and any other
+     *      resolved promise will set it to "abort", following standard XMLHttpRequest behavior.
+     *
+     *    - **withCredentials** - `{boolean}` - whether to set the `withCredentials` flag on the
+     *      XHR object. See [requests with credentials](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/HTTP/Access_control_CORS#Requests_with_credentials)
+     *      for more information.
+     *    - **responseType** - `{string}` - see
+     *      [XMLHttpRequest.responseType](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest#xmlhttprequest-responsetype).
+     *
+     * @returns {HttpPromise} A {@link ng.$q `Promise}` that will be resolved (request success)
+     *   or rejected (request failure) with a response object.
+     *
+     *   The response object has these properties:
+     *
+     *   - **data** – `{string|Object}` – The response body transformed with
+     *     the transform functions.
+     *   - **status** – `{number}` – HTTP status code of the response.
+     *   - **headers** – `{function([headerName])}` – Header getter function.
+     *   - **config** – `{Object}` – The configuration object that was used
+     *     to generate the request.
+     *   - **statusText** – `{string}` – HTTP status text of the response.
+     *   - **xhrStatus** – `{string}` – Status of the XMLHttpRequest
+     *     (`complete`, `error`, `timeout` or `abort`).
+     *
+     *
+     *   A response status code between 200 and 299 is considered a success status
+     *   and will result in the success callback being called. Any response status
+     *   code outside of that range is considered an error status and will result
+     *   in the error callback being called.
+     *   Also, status codes less than -1 are normalized to zero. -1 usually means
+     *   the request was aborted, e.g. using a `config.timeout`. More information
+     *   about the status might be available in the `xhrStatus` property.
+     *
+     *   Note that if the response is a redirect, XMLHttpRequest will transparently
+     *   follow it, meaning that the outcome (success or error) will be determined
+     *   by the final response status code.
+     *
+     *
+     * @property {Array.<Object>} pendingRequests Array of config objects for currently pending
+     *   requests. This is primarily meant to be used for debugging purposes.
+     *
+     *
+     * @example
+<example module="httpExample" name="http-service">
+<file name="index.html">
+  <div ng-controller="FetchController">
+    <select ng-model="method" aria-label="Request method">
+      <option>GET</option>
+      <option>JSONP</option>
+    </select>
+    <input type="text" ng-model="url" size="80" aria-label="URL" />
+    <button id="fetchbtn" ng-click="fetch()">fetch</button><br>
+    <button id="samplegetbtn" ng-click="updateModel('GET', 'http-hello.html')">Sample GET</button>
+    <button id="samplejsonpbtn"
+      ng-click="updateModel('JSONP',
+                    'https://angularjs.org/greet.php?name=Super%20Hero')">
+      Sample JSONP
+    </button>
+    <button id="invalidjsonpbtn"
+      ng-click="updateModel('JSONP', 'https://angularjs.org/doesntexist')">
+        Invalid JSONP
+      </button>
+    <pre>http status code: {{status}}</pre>
+    <pre>http response data: {{data}}</pre>
+  </div>
+</file>
+<file name="script.js">
+  angular.module('httpExample', [])
+    .config(['$sceDelegateProvider', function($sceDelegateProvider) {
+      // We must add the JSONP endpoint that we are using to the trusted list to show that we trust it
+      $sceDelegateProvider.trustedResourceUrlList([
+        'self',
+        'https://angularjs.org/**'
+      ]);
+    }])
+    .controller('FetchController', ['$scope', '$http', '$templateCache',
+      function($scope, $http, $templateCache) {
+        $scope.method = 'GET';
+        $scope.url = 'http-hello.html';
+
+        $scope.fetch = function() {
+          $scope.code = null;
+          $scope.response = null;
+
+          $http({method: $scope.method, url: $scope.url, cache: $templateCache}).
+            then(function(response) {
+              $scope.status = response.status;
+              $scope.data = response.data;
+            }, function(response) {
+              $scope.data = response.data || 'Request failed';
+              $scope.status = response.status;
+          });
+        };
+
+        $scope.updateModel = function(method, url) {
+          $scope.method = method;
+          $scope.url = url;
+        };
+      }]);
+</file>
+<file name="http-hello.html">
+  Hello, $http!
+</file>
+<file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+  var status = element(by.binding('status'));
+  var data = element(by.binding('data'));
+  var fetchBtn = element(by.id('fetchbtn'));
+  var sampleGetBtn = element(by.id('samplegetbtn'));
+  var invalidJsonpBtn = element(by.id('invalidjsonpbtn'));
+
+  it('should make an xhr GET request', function() {
+    sampleGetBtn.click();
+    fetchBtn.click();
+    expect(status.getText()).toMatch('200');
+    expect(data.getText()).toMatch(/Hello, \$http!/);
+  });
+
+// Commented out due to flakes. See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/9185
+// it('should make a JSONP request to angularjs.org', function() {
+//   var sampleJsonpBtn = element(by.id('samplejsonpbtn'));
+//   sampleJsonpBtn.click();
+//   fetchBtn.click();
+//   expect(status.getText()).toMatch('200');
+//   expect(data.getText()).toMatch(/Super Hero!/);
+// });
+
+  it('should make JSONP request to invalid URL and invoke the error handler',
+      function() {
+    invalidJsonpBtn.click();
+    fetchBtn.click();
+    expect(status.getText()).toMatch('0');
+    expect(data.getText()).toMatch('Request failed');
+  });
+</file>
+</example>
+     */
+    function $http(requestConfig) {
+
+      if (!isObject(requestConfig)) {
+        throw minErr('$http')('badreq', 'Http request configuration must be an object.  Received: {0}', requestConfig);
+      }
+
+      if (!isString($sce.valueOf(requestConfig.url))) {
+        throw minErr('$http')('badreq', 'Http request configuration url must be a string or a $sce trusted object.  Received: {0}', requestConfig.url);
+      }
+
+      var config = extend({
+        method: 'get',
+        transformRequest: defaults.transformRequest,
+        transformResponse: defaults.transformResponse,
+        paramSerializer: defaults.paramSerializer,
+        jsonpCallbackParam: defaults.jsonpCallbackParam
+      }, requestConfig);
+
+      config.headers = mergeHeaders(requestConfig);
+      config.method = uppercase(config.method);
+      config.paramSerializer = isString(config.paramSerializer) ?
+          $injector.get(config.paramSerializer) : config.paramSerializer;
+
+      $browser.$$incOutstandingRequestCount('$http');
+
+      var requestInterceptors = [];
+      var responseInterceptors = [];
+      var promise = $q.resolve(config);
+
+      // apply interceptors
+      forEach(reversedInterceptors, function(interceptor) {
+        if (interceptor.request || interceptor.requestError) {
+          requestInterceptors.unshift(interceptor.request, interceptor.requestError);
+        }
+        if (interceptor.response || interceptor.responseError) {
+          responseInterceptors.push(interceptor.response, interceptor.responseError);
+        }
+      });
+
+      promise = chainInterceptors(promise, requestInterceptors);
+      promise = promise.then(serverRequest);
+      promise = chainInterceptors(promise, responseInterceptors);
+      promise = promise.finally(completeOutstandingRequest);
+
+      return promise;
+
+
+      function chainInterceptors(promise, interceptors) {
+        for (var i = 0, ii = interceptors.length; i < ii;) {
+          var thenFn = interceptors[i++];
+          var rejectFn = interceptors[i++];
+
+          promise = promise.then(thenFn, rejectFn);
+        }
+
+        interceptors.length = 0;
+
+        return promise;
+      }
+
+      function completeOutstandingRequest() {
+        $browser.$$completeOutstandingRequest(noop, '$http');
+      }
+
+      function executeHeaderFns(headers, config) {
+        var headerContent, processedHeaders = {};
+
+        forEach(headers, function(headerFn, header) {
+          if (isFunction(headerFn)) {
+            headerContent = headerFn(config);
+            if (headerContent != null) {
+              processedHeaders[header] = headerContent;
+            }
+          } else {
+            processedHeaders[header] = headerFn;
+          }
+        });
+
+        return processedHeaders;
+      }
+
+      function mergeHeaders(config) {
+        var defHeaders = defaults.headers,
+            reqHeaders = extend({}, config.headers),
+            defHeaderName, lowercaseDefHeaderName, reqHeaderName;
+
+        defHeaders = extend({}, defHeaders.common, defHeaders[lowercase(config.method)]);
+
+        // using for-in instead of forEach to avoid unnecessary iteration after header has been found
+        defaultHeadersIteration:
+        for (defHeaderName in defHeaders) {
+          lowercaseDefHeaderName = lowercase(defHeaderName);
+
+          for (reqHeaderName in reqHeaders) {
+            if (lowercase(reqHeaderName) === lowercaseDefHeaderName) {
+              continue defaultHeadersIteration;
+            }
+          }
+
+          reqHeaders[defHeaderName] = defHeaders[defHeaderName];
+        }
+
+        // execute if header value is a function for merged headers
+        return executeHeaderFns(reqHeaders, shallowCopy(config));
+      }
+
+      function serverRequest(config) {
+        var headers = config.headers;
+        var reqData = transformData(config.data, headersGetter(headers), undefined, config.transformRequest);
+
+        // strip content-type if data is undefined
+        if (isUndefined(reqData)) {
+          forEach(headers, function(value, header) {
+            if (lowercase(header) === 'content-type') {
+              delete headers[header];
+            }
+          });
+        }
+
+        if (isUndefined(config.withCredentials) && !isUndefined(defaults.withCredentials)) {
+          config.withCredentials = defaults.withCredentials;
+        }
+
+        // send request
+        return sendReq(config, reqData).then(transformResponse, transformResponse);
+      }
+
+      function transformResponse(response) {
+        // make a copy since the response must be cacheable
+        var resp = extend({}, response);
+        resp.data = transformData(response.data, response.headers, response.status,
+                                  config.transformResponse);
+        return (isSuccess(response.status))
+          ? resp
+          : $q.reject(resp);
+      }
+    }
+
+    $http.pendingRequests = [];
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $http#get
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut method to perform `GET` request.
+     *
+     * @param {string|TrustedObject} url Absolute or relative URL of the resource that is being requested;
+     *                                   or an object created by a call to `$sce.trustAsResourceUrl(url)`.
+     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object. See {@link ng.$http#$http-arguments `$http()` arguments}.
+     * @returns {HttpPromise}  A Promise that will be resolved or rejected with a response object.
+     * See {@link ng.$http#$http-returns `$http()` return value}.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $http#delete
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut method to perform `DELETE` request.
+     *
+     * @param {string|TrustedObject} url Absolute or relative URL of the resource that is being requested;
+     *                                   or an object created by a call to `$sce.trustAsResourceUrl(url)`.
+     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object. See {@link ng.$http#$http-arguments `$http()` arguments}.
+     * @returns {HttpPromise}  A Promise that will be resolved or rejected with a response object.
+     * See {@link ng.$http#$http-returns `$http()` return value}.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $http#head
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut method to perform `HEAD` request.
+     *
+     * @param {string|TrustedObject} url Absolute or relative URL of the resource that is being requested;
+     *                                   or an object created by a call to `$sce.trustAsResourceUrl(url)`.
+     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object. See {@link ng.$http#$http-arguments `$http()` arguments}.
+     * @returns {HttpPromise}  A Promise that will be resolved or rejected with a response object.
+     * See {@link ng.$http#$http-returns `$http()` return value}.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $http#jsonp
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut method to perform `JSONP` request.
+     *
+     * Note that, since JSONP requests are sensitive because the response is given full access to the browser,
+     * the url must be declared, via {@link $sce} as a trusted resource URL.
+     * You can trust a URL by adding it to the trusted resource URL list via
+     * {@link $sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList  `$sceDelegateProvider.trustedResourceUrlList`} or
+     * by explicitly trusting the URL via {@link $sce#trustAsResourceUrl `$sce.trustAsResourceUrl(url)`}.
+     *
+     * You should avoid generating the URL for the JSONP request from user provided data.
+     * Provide additional query parameters via `params` property of the `config` parameter, rather than
+     * modifying the URL itself.
+     *
+     * JSONP requests must specify a callback to be used in the response from the server. This callback
+     * is passed as a query parameter in the request. You must specify the name of this parameter by
+     * setting the `jsonpCallbackParam` property on the request config object.
+     *
+     * ```
+     * $http.jsonp('some/trusted/url', {jsonpCallbackParam: 'callback'})
+     * ```
+     *
+     * You can also specify a default callback parameter name in `$http.defaults.jsonpCallbackParam`.
+     * Initially this is set to `'callback'`.
+     *
+     * <div class="alert alert-danger">
+     * You can no longer use the `JSON_CALLBACK` string as a placeholder for specifying where the callback
+     * parameter value should go.
+     * </div>
+     *
+     * If you would like to customise where and how the callbacks are stored then try overriding
+     * or decorating the {@link $jsonpCallbacks} service.
+     *
+     * @param {string|TrustedObject} url Absolute or relative URL of the resource that is being requested;
+     *                                   or an object created by a call to `$sce.trustAsResourceUrl(url)`.
+     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object. See {@link ng.$http#$http-arguments `$http()` arguments}.
+     * @returns {HttpPromise}  A Promise that will be resolved or rejected with a response object.
+     * See {@link ng.$http#$http-returns `$http()` return value}.
+     */
+    createShortMethods('get', 'delete', 'head', 'jsonp');
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $http#post
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut method to perform `POST` request.
+     *
+     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
+     * @param {*} data Request content
+     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object. See {@link ng.$http#$http-arguments `$http()` arguments}.
+     * @returns {HttpPromise}  A Promise that will be resolved or rejected with a response object.
+     * See {@link ng.$http#$http-returns `$http()` return value}.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $http#put
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut method to perform `PUT` request.
+     *
+     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
+     * @param {*} data Request content
+     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object. See {@link ng.$http#$http-arguments `$http()` arguments}.
+     * @returns {HttpPromise}  A Promise that will be resolved or rejected with a response object.
+     * See {@link ng.$http#$http-returns `$http()` return value}.
+     */
+
+     /**
+      * @ngdoc method
+      * @name $http#patch
+      *
+      * @description
+      * Shortcut method to perform `PATCH` request.
+      *
+      * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
+      * @param {*} data Request content
+      * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object. See {@link ng.$http#$http-arguments `$http()` arguments}.
+      * @returns {HttpPromise}  A Promise that will be resolved or rejected with a response object.
+      * See {@link ng.$http#$http-returns `$http()` return value}.
+      */
+    createShortMethodsWithData('post', 'put', 'patch');
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc property
+         * @name $http#defaults
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Runtime equivalent of the `$httpProvider.defaults` property. Allows configuration of
+         * default headers, withCredentials as well as request and response transformations.
+         *
+         * See "Setting HTTP Headers" and "Transforming Requests and Responses" sections above.
+         */
+    $http.defaults = defaults;
+
+
+    return $http;
+
+
+    function createShortMethods(names) {
+      forEach(arguments, function(name) {
+        $http[name] = function(url, config) {
+          return $http(extend({}, config || {}, {
+            method: name,
+            url: url
+          }));
+        };
+      });
+    }
+
+
+    function createShortMethodsWithData(name) {
+      forEach(arguments, function(name) {
+        $http[name] = function(url, data, config) {
+          return $http(extend({}, config || {}, {
+            method: name,
+            url: url,
+            data: data
+          }));
+        };
+      });
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Makes the request.
+     *
+     * !!! ACCESSES CLOSURE VARS:
+     * $httpBackend, defaults, $log, $rootScope, defaultCache, $http.pendingRequests
+     */
+    function sendReq(config, reqData) {
+      var deferred = $q.defer(),
+          promise = deferred.promise,
+          cache,
+          cachedResp,
+          reqHeaders = config.headers,
+          isJsonp = lowercase(config.method) === 'jsonp',
+          url = config.url;
+
+      if (isJsonp) {
+        // JSONP is a pretty sensitive operation where we're allowing a script to have full access to
+        // our DOM and JS space.  So we require that the URL satisfies SCE.RESOURCE_URL.
+        url = $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(url);
+      } else if (!isString(url)) {
+        // If it is not a string then the URL must be a $sce trusted object
+        url = $sce.valueOf(url);
+      }
+
+      url = buildUrl(url, config.paramSerializer(config.params));
+
+      if (isJsonp) {
+        // Check the url and add the JSONP callback placeholder
+        url = sanitizeJsonpCallbackParam(url, config.jsonpCallbackParam);
+      }
+
+      $http.pendingRequests.push(config);
+      promise.then(removePendingReq, removePendingReq);
+
+      if ((config.cache || defaults.cache) && config.cache !== false &&
+          (config.method === 'GET' || config.method === 'JSONP')) {
+        cache = isObject(config.cache) ? config.cache
+            : isObject(/** @type {?} */ (defaults).cache)
+              ? /** @type {?} */ (defaults).cache
+              : defaultCache;
+      }
+
+      if (cache) {
+        cachedResp = cache.get(url);
+        if (isDefined(cachedResp)) {
+          if (isPromiseLike(cachedResp)) {
+            // cached request has already been sent, but there is no response yet
+            cachedResp.then(resolvePromiseWithResult, resolvePromiseWithResult);
+          } else {
+            // serving from cache
+            if (isArray(cachedResp)) {
+              resolvePromise(cachedResp[1], cachedResp[0], shallowCopy(cachedResp[2]), cachedResp[3], cachedResp[4]);
+            } else {
+              resolvePromise(cachedResp, 200, {}, 'OK', 'complete');
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          // put the promise for the non-transformed response into cache as a placeholder
+          cache.put(url, promise);
+        }
+      }
+
+
+      // if we won't have the response in cache, set the xsrf headers and
+      // send the request to the backend
+      if (isUndefined(cachedResp)) {
+        var xsrfValue = urlIsAllowedOrigin(config.url)
+            ? $$cookieReader()[config.xsrfCookieName || defaults.xsrfCookieName]
+            : undefined;
+        if (xsrfValue) {
+          reqHeaders[(config.xsrfHeaderName || defaults.xsrfHeaderName)] = xsrfValue;
+        }
+
+        $httpBackend(config.method, url, reqData, done, reqHeaders, config.timeout,
+            config.withCredentials, config.responseType,
+            createApplyHandlers(config.eventHandlers),
+            createApplyHandlers(config.uploadEventHandlers));
+      }
+
+      return promise;
+
+      function createApplyHandlers(eventHandlers) {
+        if (eventHandlers) {
+          var applyHandlers = {};
+          forEach(eventHandlers, function(eventHandler, key) {
+            applyHandlers[key] = function(event) {
+              if (useApplyAsync) {
+                $rootScope.$applyAsync(callEventHandler);
+              } else if ($rootScope.$$phase) {
+                callEventHandler();
+              } else {
+                $rootScope.$apply(callEventHandler);
+              }
+
+              function callEventHandler() {
+                eventHandler(event);
+              }
+            };
+          });
+          return applyHandlers;
+        }
+      }
+
+
+      /**
+       * Callback registered to $httpBackend():
+       *  - caches the response if desired
+       *  - resolves the raw $http promise
+       *  - calls $apply
+       */
+      function done(status, response, headersString, statusText, xhrStatus) {
+        if (cache) {
+          if (isSuccess(status)) {
+            cache.put(url, [status, response, parseHeaders(headersString), statusText, xhrStatus]);
+          } else {
+            // remove promise from the cache
+            cache.remove(url);
+          }
+        }
+
+        function resolveHttpPromise() {
+          resolvePromise(response, status, headersString, statusText, xhrStatus);
+        }
+
+        if (useApplyAsync) {
+          $rootScope.$applyAsync(resolveHttpPromise);
+        } else {
+          resolveHttpPromise();
+          if (!$rootScope.$$phase) $rootScope.$apply();
+        }
+      }
+
+
+      /**
+       * Resolves the raw $http promise.
+       */
+      function resolvePromise(response, status, headers, statusText, xhrStatus) {
+        //status: HTTP response status code, 0, -1 (aborted by timeout / promise)
+        status = status >= -1 ? status : 0;
+
+        (isSuccess(status) ? deferred.resolve : deferred.reject)({
+          data: response,
+          status: status,
+          headers: headersGetter(headers),
+          config: config,
+          statusText: statusText,
+          xhrStatus: xhrStatus
+        });
+      }
+
+      function resolvePromiseWithResult(result) {
+        resolvePromise(result.data, result.status, shallowCopy(result.headers()), result.statusText, result.xhrStatus);
+      }
+
+      function removePendingReq() {
+        var idx = $http.pendingRequests.indexOf(config);
+        if (idx !== -1) $http.pendingRequests.splice(idx, 1);
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    function buildUrl(url, serializedParams) {
+      if (serializedParams.length > 0) {
+        url += ((url.indexOf('?') === -1) ? '?' : '&') + serializedParams;
+      }
+      return url;
+    }
+
+    function sanitizeJsonpCallbackParam(url, cbKey) {
+      var parts = url.split('?');
+      if (parts.length > 2) {
+        // Throw if the url contains more than one `?` query indicator
+        throw $httpMinErr('badjsonp', 'Illegal use more than one "?", in url, "{1}"', url);
+      }
+      var params = parseKeyValue(parts[1]);
+      forEach(params, function(value, key) {
+        if (value === 'JSON_CALLBACK') {
+          // Throw if the url already contains a reference to JSON_CALLBACK
+          throw $httpMinErr('badjsonp', 'Illegal use of JSON_CALLBACK in url, "{0}"', url);
+        }
+        if (key === cbKey) {
+          // Throw if the callback param was already provided
+          throw $httpMinErr('badjsonp', 'Illegal use of callback param, "{0}", in url, "{1}"', cbKey, url);
+        }
+      });
+
+      // Add in the JSON_CALLBACK callback param value
+      url += ((url.indexOf('?') === -1) ? '?' : '&') + cbKey + '=JSON_CALLBACK';
+
+      return url;
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $xhrFactory
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Factory function used to create XMLHttpRequest objects.
+ *
+ * Replace or decorate this service to create your own custom XMLHttpRequest objects.
+ *
+ * ```
+ * angular.module('myApp', [])
+ * .factory('$xhrFactory', function() {
+ *   return function createXhr(method, url) {
+ *     return new window.XMLHttpRequest({mozSystem: true});
+ *   };
+ * });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {string} method HTTP method of the request (GET, POST, PUT, ..)
+ * @param {string} url URL of the request.
+ */
+function $xhrFactoryProvider() {
+  this.$get = function() {
+    return function createXhr() {
+      return new window.XMLHttpRequest();
+    };
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $httpBackend
+ * @requires $jsonpCallbacks
+ * @requires $document
+ * @requires $xhrFactory
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ * HTTP backend used by the {@link ng.$http service} that delegates to
+ * XMLHttpRequest object or JSONP and deals with browser incompatibilities.
+ *
+ * You should never need to use this service directly, instead use the higher-level abstractions:
+ * {@link ng.$http $http} or {@link ngResource.$resource $resource}.
+ *
+ * During testing this implementation is swapped with {@link ngMock.$httpBackend mock
+ * $httpBackend} which can be trained with responses.
+ */
+function $HttpBackendProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$browser', '$jsonpCallbacks', '$document', '$xhrFactory', function($browser, $jsonpCallbacks, $document, $xhrFactory) {
+    return createHttpBackend($browser, $xhrFactory, $browser.defer, $jsonpCallbacks, $document[0]);
+  }];
+}
+
+function createHttpBackend($browser, createXhr, $browserDefer, callbacks, rawDocument) {
+  // TODO(vojta): fix the signature
+  return function(method, url, post, callback, headers, timeout, withCredentials, responseType, eventHandlers, uploadEventHandlers) {
+    url = url || $browser.url();
+
+    if (lowercase(method) === 'jsonp') {
+      var callbackPath = callbacks.createCallback(url);
+      var jsonpDone = jsonpReq(url, callbackPath, function(status, text) {
+        // jsonpReq only ever sets status to 200 (OK), 404 (ERROR) or -1 (WAITING)
+        var response = (status === 200) && callbacks.getResponse(callbackPath);
+        completeRequest(callback, status, response, '', text, 'complete');
+        callbacks.removeCallback(callbackPath);
+      });
+    } else {
+
+      var xhr = createXhr(method, url);
+      var abortedByTimeout = false;
+
+      xhr.open(method, url, true);
+      forEach(headers, function(value, key) {
+        if (isDefined(value)) {
+            xhr.setRequestHeader(key, value);
+        }
+      });
+
+      xhr.onload = function requestLoaded() {
+        var statusText = xhr.statusText || '';
+
+        // responseText is the old-school way of retrieving response (supported by IE9)
+        // response/responseType properties were introduced in XHR Level2 spec (supported by IE10)
+        var response = ('response' in xhr) ? xhr.response : xhr.responseText;
+
+        // normalize IE9 bug (http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/1450)
+        var status = xhr.status === 1223 ? 204 : xhr.status;
+
+        // fix status code when it is 0 (0 status is undocumented).
+        // Occurs when accessing file resources or on Android 4.1 stock browser
+        // while retrieving files from application cache.
+        if (status === 0) {
+          status = response ? 200 : urlResolve(url).protocol === 'file' ? 404 : 0;
+        }
+
+        completeRequest(callback,
+            status,
+            response,
+            xhr.getAllResponseHeaders(),
+            statusText,
+            'complete');
+      };
+
+      var requestError = function() {
+        // The response is always empty
+        // See https://xhr.spec.whatwg.org/#request-error-steps and https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-network-error
+        completeRequest(callback, -1, null, null, '', 'error');
+      };
+
+      var requestAborted = function() {
+        completeRequest(callback, -1, null, null, '', abortedByTimeout ? 'timeout' : 'abort');
+      };
+
+      var requestTimeout = function() {
+        // The response is always empty
+        // See https://xhr.spec.whatwg.org/#request-error-steps and https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-network-error
+        completeRequest(callback, -1, null, null, '', 'timeout');
+      };
+
+      xhr.onerror = requestError;
+      xhr.ontimeout = requestTimeout;
+      xhr.onabort = requestAborted;
+
+      forEach(eventHandlers, function(value, key) {
+        xhr.addEventListener(key, value);
+      });
+
+      forEach(uploadEventHandlers, function(value, key) {
+        xhr.upload.addEventListener(key, value);
+      });
+
+      if (withCredentials) {
+        xhr.withCredentials = true;
+      }
+
+      if (responseType) {
+        try {
+          xhr.responseType = responseType;
+        } catch (e) {
+          // WebKit added support for the json responseType value on 09/03/2013
+          // https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73648. Versions of Safari prior to 7 are
+          // known to throw when setting the value "json" as the response type. Other older
+          // browsers implementing the responseType
+          //
+          // The json response type can be ignored if not supported, because JSON payloads are
+          // parsed on the client-side regardless.
+          if (responseType !== 'json') {
+            throw e;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      xhr.send(isUndefined(post) ? null : post);
+    }
+
+    // Since we are using xhr.abort() when a request times out, we have to set a flag that
+    // indicates to requestAborted if the request timed out or was aborted.
+    //
+    // http.timeout = numerical timeout   timeout
+    // http.timeout = $timeout            timeout
+    // http.timeout = promise             abort
+    // xhr.abort()                        abort (The xhr object is normally inaccessible, but
+    //                                    can be exposed with the xhrFactory)
+    if (timeout > 0) {
+      var timeoutId = $browserDefer(function() {
+        timeoutRequest('timeout');
+      }, timeout);
+    } else if (isPromiseLike(timeout)) {
+      timeout.then(function() {
+        timeoutRequest(isDefined(timeout.$$timeoutId) ? 'timeout' : 'abort');
+      });
+    }
+
+    function timeoutRequest(reason) {
+      abortedByTimeout = reason === 'timeout';
+      if (jsonpDone) {
+        jsonpDone();
+      }
+      if (xhr) {
+        xhr.abort();
+      }
+    }
+
+    function completeRequest(callback, status, response, headersString, statusText, xhrStatus) {
+      // cancel timeout and subsequent timeout promise resolution
+      if (isDefined(timeoutId)) {
+        $browserDefer.cancel(timeoutId);
+      }
+      jsonpDone = xhr = null;
+
+      callback(status, response, headersString, statusText, xhrStatus);
+    }
+  };
+
+  function jsonpReq(url, callbackPath, done) {
+    url = url.replace('JSON_CALLBACK', callbackPath);
+    // we can't use jQuery/jqLite here because jQuery does crazy stuff with script elements, e.g.:
+    // - fetches local scripts via XHR and evals them
+    // - adds and immediately removes script elements from the document
+    var script = rawDocument.createElement('script'), callback = null;
+    script.type = 'text/javascript';
+    script.src = url;
+    script.async = true;
+
+    callback = function(event) {
+      script.removeEventListener('load', callback);
+      script.removeEventListener('error', callback);
+      rawDocument.body.removeChild(script);
+      script = null;
+      var status = -1;
+      var text = 'unknown';
+
+      if (event) {
+        if (event.type === 'load' && !callbacks.wasCalled(callbackPath)) {
+          event = { type: 'error' };
+        }
+        text = event.type;
+        status = event.type === 'error' ? 404 : 200;
+      }
+
+      if (done) {
+        done(status, text);
+      }
+    };
+
+    script.addEventListener('load', callback);
+    script.addEventListener('error', callback);
+    rawDocument.body.appendChild(script);
+    return callback;
+  }
+}
+
+var $interpolateMinErr = angular.$interpolateMinErr = minErr('$interpolate');
+$interpolateMinErr.throwNoconcat = function(text) {
+  throw $interpolateMinErr('noconcat',
+      'Error while interpolating: {0}\nStrict Contextual Escaping disallows ' +
+      'interpolations that concatenate multiple expressions when a trusted value is ' +
+      'required.  See http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$sce', text);
+};
+
+$interpolateMinErr.interr = function(text, err) {
+  return $interpolateMinErr('interr', 'Can\'t interpolate: {0}\n{1}', text, err.toString());
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $interpolateProvider
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Used for configuring the interpolation markup. Defaults to `{{` and `}}`.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-danger">
+ * This feature is sometimes used to mix different markup languages, e.g. to wrap an AngularJS
+ * template within a Python Jinja template (or any other template language). Mixing templating
+ * languages is **very dangerous**. The embedding template language will not safely escape AngularJS
+ * expressions, so any user-controlled values in the template will cause Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
+ * security bugs!
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @example
+<example name="custom-interpolation-markup" module="customInterpolationApp">
+<file name="index.html">
+<script>
+  var customInterpolationApp = angular.module('customInterpolationApp', []);
+
+  customInterpolationApp.config(function($interpolateProvider) {
+    $interpolateProvider.startSymbol('//');
+    $interpolateProvider.endSymbol('//');
+  });
+
+
+  customInterpolationApp.controller('DemoController', function() {
+      this.label = "This binding is brought you by // interpolation symbols.";
+  });
+</script>
+<div ng-controller="DemoController as demo">
+    //demo.label//
+</div>
+</file>
+<file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+  it('should interpolate binding with custom symbols', function() {
+    expect(element(by.binding('demo.label')).getText()).toBe('This binding is brought you by // interpolation symbols.');
+  });
+</file>
+</example>
+ */
+function $InterpolateProvider() {
+  var startSymbol = '{{';
+  var endSymbol = '}}';
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $interpolateProvider#startSymbol
+   * @description
+   * Symbol to denote start of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `{{`.
+   *
+   * @param {string=} value new value to set the starting symbol to.
+   * @returns {string|self} Returns the symbol when used as getter and self if used as setter.
+   */
+  this.startSymbol = function(value) {
+    if (value) {
+      startSymbol = value;
+      return this;
+    }
+    return startSymbol;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $interpolateProvider#endSymbol
+   * @description
+   * Symbol to denote the end of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `}}`.
+   *
+   * @param {string=} value new value to set the ending symbol to.
+   * @returns {string|self} Returns the symbol when used as getter and self if used as setter.
+   */
+  this.endSymbol = function(value) {
+    if (value) {
+      endSymbol = value;
+      return this;
+    }
+    return endSymbol;
+  };
+
+
+  this.$get = ['$parse', '$exceptionHandler', '$sce', function($parse, $exceptionHandler, $sce) {
+    var startSymbolLength = startSymbol.length,
+        endSymbolLength = endSymbol.length,
+        escapedStartRegexp = new RegExp(startSymbol.replace(/./g, escape), 'g'),
+        escapedEndRegexp = new RegExp(endSymbol.replace(/./g, escape), 'g');
+
+    function escape(ch) {
+      return '\\\\\\' + ch;
+    }
+
+    function unescapeText(text) {
+      return text.replace(escapedStartRegexp, startSymbol).
+        replace(escapedEndRegexp, endSymbol);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: this is the same as the constantWatchDelegate in parse.js
+    function constantWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, constantInterp) {
+      var unwatch = scope.$watch(function constantInterpolateWatch(scope) {
+        unwatch();
+        return constantInterp(scope);
+      }, listener, objectEquality);
+      return unwatch;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc service
+     * @name $interpolate
+     * @kind function
+     *
+     * @requires $parse
+     * @requires $sce
+     *
+     * @description
+     *
+     * Compiles a string with markup into an interpolation function. This service is used by the
+     * HTML {@link ng.$compile $compile} service for data binding. See
+     * {@link ng.$interpolateProvider $interpolateProvider} for configuring the
+     * interpolation markup.
+     *
+     *
+     * ```js
+     *   var $interpolate = ...; // injected
+     *   var exp = $interpolate('Hello {{name | uppercase}}!');
+     *   expect(exp({name:'AngularJS'})).toEqual('Hello ANGULARJS!');
+     * ```
+     *
+     * `$interpolate` takes an optional fourth argument, `allOrNothing`. If `allOrNothing` is
+     * `true`, the interpolation function will return `undefined` unless all embedded expressions
+     * evaluate to a value other than `undefined`.
+     *
+     * ```js
+     *   var $interpolate = ...; // injected
+     *   var context = {greeting: 'Hello', name: undefined };
+     *
+     *   // default "forgiving" mode
+     *   var exp = $interpolate('{{greeting}} {{name}}!');
+     *   expect(exp(context)).toEqual('Hello !');
+     *
+     *   // "allOrNothing" mode
+     *   exp = $interpolate('{{greeting}} {{name}}!', false, null, true);
+     *   expect(exp(context)).toBeUndefined();
+     *   context.name = 'AngularJS';
+     *   expect(exp(context)).toEqual('Hello AngularJS!');
+     * ```
+     *
+     * `allOrNothing` is useful for interpolating URLs. `ngSrc` and `ngSrcset` use this behavior.
+     *
+     * #### Escaped Interpolation
+     * $interpolate provides a mechanism for escaping interpolation markers. Start and end markers
+     * can be escaped by preceding each of their characters with a REVERSE SOLIDUS U+005C (backslash).
+     * It will be rendered as a regular start/end marker, and will not be interpreted as an expression
+     * or binding.
+     *
+     * This enables web-servers to prevent script injection attacks and defacing attacks, to some
+     * degree, while also enabling code examples to work without relying on the
+     * {@link ng.directive:ngNonBindable ngNonBindable} directive.
+     *
+     * **For security purposes, it is strongly encouraged that web servers escape user-supplied data,
+     * replacing angle brackets (&lt;, &gt;) with &amp;lt; and &amp;gt; respectively, and replacing all
+     * interpolation start/end markers with their escaped counterparts.**
+     *
+     * Escaped interpolation markers are only replaced with the actual interpolation markers in rendered
+     * output when the $interpolate service processes the text. So, for HTML elements interpolated
+     * by {@link ng.$compile $compile}, or otherwise interpolated with the `mustHaveExpression` parameter
+     * set to `true`, the interpolated text must contain an unescaped interpolation expression. As such,
+     * this is typically useful only when user-data is used in rendering a template from the server, or
+     * when otherwise untrusted data is used by a directive.
+     *
+     * <example name="interpolation">
+     *  <file name="index.html">
+     *    <div ng-init="username='A user'">
+     *      <p ng-init="apptitle='Escaping demo'">{{apptitle}}: \{\{ username = "defaced value"; \}\}
+     *        </p>
+     *      <p><strong>{{username}}</strong> attempts to inject code which will deface the
+     *        application, but fails to accomplish their task, because the server has correctly
+     *        escaped the interpolation start/end markers with REVERSE SOLIDUS U+005C (backslash)
+     *        characters.</p>
+     *      <p>Instead, the result of the attempted script injection is visible, and can be removed
+     *        from the database by an administrator.</p>
+     *    </div>
+     *  </file>
+     * </example>
+     *
+     * @knownIssue
+     * It is currently not possible for an interpolated expression to contain the interpolation end
+     * symbol. For example, `{{ '}}' }}` will be incorrectly interpreted as `{{ ' }}` + `' }}`, i.e.
+     * an interpolated expression consisting of a single-quote (`'`) and the `' }}` string.
+     *
+     * @knownIssue
+     * All directives and components must use the standard `{{` `}}` interpolation symbols
+     * in their templates. If you change the application interpolation symbols the {@link $compile}
+     * service will attempt to denormalize the standard symbols to the custom symbols.
+     * The denormalization process is not clever enough to know not to replace instances of the standard
+     * symbols where they would not normally be treated as interpolation symbols. For example in the following
+     * code snippet the closing braces of the literal object will get incorrectly denormalized:
+     *
+     * ```
+     * <div data-context='{"context":{"id":3,"type":"page"}}">
+     * ```
+     *
+     * The workaround is to ensure that such instances are separated by whitespace:
+     * ```
+     * <div data-context='{"context":{"id":3,"type":"page"} }">
+     * ```
+     *
+     * See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/pull/14610#issuecomment-219401099 for more information.
+     *
+     * @param {string} text The text with markup to interpolate.
+     * @param {boolean=} mustHaveExpression if set to true then the interpolation string must have
+     *    embedded expression in order to return an interpolation function. Strings with no
+     *    embedded expression will return null for the interpolation function.
+     * @param {string=} trustedContext when provided, the returned function passes the interpolated
+     *    result through {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted(interpolatedResult,
+     *    trustedContext)} before returning it.  Refer to the {@link ng.$sce $sce} service that
+     *    provides Strict Contextual Escaping for details.
+     * @param {boolean=} allOrNothing if `true`, then the returned function returns undefined
+     *    unless all embedded expressions evaluate to a value other than `undefined`.
+     * @returns {function(context)} an interpolation function which is used to compute the
+     *    interpolated string. The function has these parameters:
+     *
+     * - `context`: evaluation context for all expressions embedded in the interpolated text
+     */
+    function $interpolate(text, mustHaveExpression, trustedContext, allOrNothing) {
+      var contextAllowsConcatenation = trustedContext === $sce.URL || trustedContext === $sce.MEDIA_URL;
+
+      // Provide a quick exit and simplified result function for text with no interpolation
+      if (!text.length || text.indexOf(startSymbol) === -1) {
+        if (mustHaveExpression) return;
+
+        var unescapedText = unescapeText(text);
+        if (contextAllowsConcatenation) {
+          unescapedText = $sce.getTrusted(trustedContext, unescapedText);
+        }
+        var constantInterp = valueFn(unescapedText);
+        constantInterp.exp = text;
+        constantInterp.expressions = [];
+        constantInterp.$$watchDelegate = constantWatchDelegate;
+
+        return constantInterp;
+      }
+
+      allOrNothing = !!allOrNothing;
+      var startIndex,
+          endIndex,
+          index = 0,
+          expressions = [],
+          parseFns,
+          textLength = text.length,
+          exp,
+          concat = [],
+          expressionPositions = [],
+          singleExpression;
+
+
+      while (index < textLength) {
+        if (((startIndex = text.indexOf(startSymbol, index)) !== -1) &&
+             ((endIndex = text.indexOf(endSymbol, startIndex + startSymbolLength)) !== -1)) {
+          if (index !== startIndex) {
+            concat.push(unescapeText(text.substring(index, startIndex)));
+          }
+          exp = text.substring(startIndex + startSymbolLength, endIndex);
+          expressions.push(exp);
+          index = endIndex + endSymbolLength;
+          expressionPositions.push(concat.length);
+          concat.push(''); // Placeholder that will get replaced with the evaluated expression.
+        } else {
+          // we did not find an interpolation, so we have to add the remainder to the separators array
+          if (index !== textLength) {
+            concat.push(unescapeText(text.substring(index)));
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      singleExpression = concat.length === 1 && expressionPositions.length === 1;
+      // Intercept expression if we need to stringify concatenated inputs, which may be SCE trusted
+      // objects rather than simple strings
+      // (we don't modify the expression if the input consists of only a single trusted input)
+      var interceptor = contextAllowsConcatenation && singleExpression ? undefined : parseStringifyInterceptor;
+      parseFns = expressions.map(function(exp) { return $parse(exp, interceptor); });
+
+      // Concatenating expressions makes it hard to reason about whether some combination of
+      // concatenated values are unsafe to use and could easily lead to XSS.  By requiring that a
+      // single expression be used for some $sce-managed secure contexts (RESOURCE_URLs mostly),
+      // we ensure that the value that's used is assigned or constructed by some JS code somewhere
+      // that is more testable or make it obvious that you bound the value to some user controlled
+      // value.  This helps reduce the load when auditing for XSS issues.
+
+      // Note that URL and MEDIA_URL $sce contexts do not need this, since `$sce` can sanitize the values
+      // passed to it. In that case, `$sce.getTrusted` will be called on either the single expression
+      // or on the overall concatenated string (losing trusted types used in the mix, by design).
+      // Both these methods will sanitize plain strings. Also, HTML could be included, but since it's
+      // only used in srcdoc attributes, this would not be very useful.
+
+      if (!mustHaveExpression || expressions.length) {
+        var compute = function(values) {
+          for (var i = 0, ii = expressions.length; i < ii; i++) {
+            if (allOrNothing && isUndefined(values[i])) return;
+            concat[expressionPositions[i]] = values[i];
+          }
+
+          if (contextAllowsConcatenation) {
+            // If `singleExpression` then `concat[0]` might be a "trusted" value or `null`, rather than a string
+            return $sce.getTrusted(trustedContext, singleExpression ? concat[0] : concat.join(''));
+          } else if (trustedContext && concat.length > 1) {
+            // This context does not allow more than one part, e.g. expr + string or exp + exp.
+            $interpolateMinErr.throwNoconcat(text);
+          }
+          // In an unprivileged context or only one part: just concatenate and return.
+          return concat.join('');
+        };
+
+        return extend(function interpolationFn(context) {
+            var i = 0;
+            var ii = expressions.length;
+            var values = new Array(ii);
+
+            try {
+              for (; i < ii; i++) {
+                values[i] = parseFns[i](context);
+              }
+
+              return compute(values);
+            } catch (err) {
+              $exceptionHandler($interpolateMinErr.interr(text, err));
+            }
+
+          }, {
+          // all of these properties are undocumented for now
+          exp: text, //just for compatibility with regular watchers created via $watch
+          expressions: expressions,
+          $$watchDelegate: function(scope, listener) {
+            var lastValue;
+            return scope.$watchGroup(parseFns, /** @this */ function interpolateFnWatcher(values, oldValues) {
+              var currValue = compute(values);
+              listener.call(this, currValue, values !== oldValues ? lastValue : currValue, scope);
+              lastValue = currValue;
+            });
+          }
+        });
+      }
+
+      function parseStringifyInterceptor(value) {
+        try {
+          // In concatenable contexts, getTrusted comes at the end, to avoid sanitizing individual
+          // parts of a full URL. We don't care about losing the trustedness here.
+          // In non-concatenable contexts, where there is only one expression, this interceptor is
+          // not applied to the expression.
+          value = (trustedContext && !contextAllowsConcatenation) ?
+                    $sce.getTrusted(trustedContext, value) :
+                    $sce.valueOf(value);
+          return allOrNothing && !isDefined(value) ? value : stringify(value);
+        } catch (err) {
+          $exceptionHandler($interpolateMinErr.interr(text, err));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $interpolate#startSymbol
+     * @description
+     * Symbol to denote the start of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `{{`.
+     *
+     * Use {@link ng.$interpolateProvider#startSymbol `$interpolateProvider.startSymbol`} to change
+     * the symbol.
+     *
+     * @returns {string} start symbol.
+     */
+    $interpolate.startSymbol = function() {
+      return startSymbol;
+    };
+
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $interpolate#endSymbol
+     * @description
+     * Symbol to denote the end of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `}}`.
+     *
+     * Use {@link ng.$interpolateProvider#endSymbol `$interpolateProvider.endSymbol`} to change
+     * the symbol.
+     *
+     * @returns {string} end symbol.
+     */
+    $interpolate.endSymbol = function() {
+      return endSymbol;
+    };
+
+    return $interpolate;
+  }];
+}
+
+var $intervalMinErr = minErr('$interval');
+
+/** @this */
+function $IntervalProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$$intervalFactory', '$window',
+       function($$intervalFactory,   $window) {
+    var intervals = {};
+    var setIntervalFn = function(tick, delay, deferred) {
+      var id = $window.setInterval(tick, delay);
+      intervals[id] = deferred;
+      return id;
+    };
+    var clearIntervalFn = function(id) {
+      $window.clearInterval(id);
+      delete intervals[id];
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc service
+     * @name $interval
+     *
+     * @description
+     * AngularJS's wrapper for `window.setInterval`. The `fn` function is executed every `delay`
+     * milliseconds.
+     *
+     * The return value of registering an interval function is a promise. This promise will be
+     * notified upon each tick of the interval, and will be resolved after `count` iterations, or
+     * run indefinitely if `count` is not defined. The value of the notification will be the
+     * number of iterations that have run.
+     * To cancel an interval, call `$interval.cancel(promise)`.
+     *
+     * In tests you can use {@link ngMock.$interval#flush `$interval.flush(millis)`} to
+     * move forward by `millis` milliseconds and trigger any functions scheduled to run in that
+     * time.
+     *
+     * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+     * **Note**: Intervals created by this service must be explicitly destroyed when you are finished
+     * with them.  In particular they are not automatically destroyed when a controller's scope or a
+     * directive's element are destroyed.
+     * You should take this into consideration and make sure to always cancel the interval at the
+     * appropriate moment.  See the example below for more details on how and when to do this.
+     * </div>
+     *
+     * @param {function()} fn A function that should be called repeatedly. If no additional arguments
+     *   are passed (see below), the function is called with the current iteration count.
+     * @param {number} delay Number of milliseconds between each function call.
+     * @param {number=} [count=0] Number of times to repeat. If not set, or 0, will repeat
+     *   indefinitely.
+     * @param {boolean=} [invokeApply=true] If set to `false` skips model dirty checking, otherwise
+     *   will invoke `fn` within the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply $apply} block.
+     * @param {...*=} Pass additional parameters to the executed function.
+     * @returns {promise} A promise which will be notified on each iteration. It will resolve once all iterations of the interval complete.
+     *
+     * @example
+     * <example module="intervalExample" name="interval-service">
+     * <file name="index.html">
+     *   <script>
+     *     angular.module('intervalExample', [])
+     *       .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$interval',
+     *         function($scope, $interval) {
+     *           $scope.format = 'M/d/yy h:mm:ss a';
+     *           $scope.blood_1 = 100;
+     *           $scope.blood_2 = 120;
+     *
+     *           var stop;
+     *           $scope.fight = function() {
+     *             // Don't start a new fight if we are already fighting
+     *             if ( angular.isDefined(stop) ) return;
+     *
+     *             stop = $interval(function() {
+     *               if ($scope.blood_1 > 0 && $scope.blood_2 > 0) {
+     *                 $scope.blood_1 = $scope.blood_1 - 3;
+     *                 $scope.blood_2 = $scope.blood_2 - 4;
+     *               } else {
+     *                 $scope.stopFight();
+     *               }
+     *             }, 100);
+     *           };
+     *
+     *           $scope.stopFight = function() {
+     *             if (angular.isDefined(stop)) {
+     *               $interval.cancel(stop);
+     *               stop = undefined;
+     *             }
+     *           };
+     *
+     *           $scope.resetFight = function() {
+     *             $scope.blood_1 = 100;
+     *             $scope.blood_2 = 120;
+     *           };
+     *
+     *           $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+     *             // Make sure that the interval is destroyed too
+     *             $scope.stopFight();
+     *           });
+     *         }])
+     *       // Register the 'myCurrentTime' directive factory method.
+     *       // We inject $interval and dateFilter service since the factory method is DI.
+     *       .directive('myCurrentTime', ['$interval', 'dateFilter',
+     *         function($interval, dateFilter) {
+     *           // return the directive link function. (compile function not needed)
+     *           return function(scope, element, attrs) {
+     *             var format,  // date format
+     *                 stopTime; // so that we can cancel the time updates
+     *
+     *             // used to update the UI
+     *             function updateTime() {
+     *               element.text(dateFilter(new Date(), format));
+     *             }
+     *
+     *             // watch the expression, and update the UI on change.
+     *             scope.$watch(attrs.myCurrentTime, function(value) {
+     *               format = value;
+     *               updateTime();
+     *             });
+     *
+     *             stopTime = $interval(updateTime, 1000);
+     *
+     *             // listen on DOM destroy (removal) event, and cancel the next UI update
+     *             // to prevent updating time after the DOM element was removed.
+     *             element.on('$destroy', function() {
+     *               $interval.cancel(stopTime);
+     *             });
+     *           }
+     *         }]);
+     *   </script>
+     *
+     *   <div>
+     *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+     *       <label>Date format: <input ng-model="format"></label> <hr/>
+     *       Current time is: <span my-current-time="format"></span>
+     *       <hr/>
+     *       Blood 1 : <font color='red'>{{blood_1}}</font>
+     *       Blood 2 : <font color='red'>{{blood_2}}</font>
+     *       <button type="button" data-ng-click="fight()">Fight</button>
+     *       <button type="button" data-ng-click="stopFight()">StopFight</button>
+     *       <button type="button" data-ng-click="resetFight()">resetFight</button>
+     *     </div>
+     *   </div>
+     *
+     * </file>
+     * </example>
+     */
+    var interval = $$intervalFactory(setIntervalFn, clearIntervalFn);
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $interval#cancel
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Cancels a task associated with the `promise`.
+     *
+     * @param {Promise=} promise returned by the `$interval` function.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task was successfully canceled.
+     */
+    interval.cancel = function(promise) {
+      if (!promise) return false;
+
+      if (!promise.hasOwnProperty('$$intervalId')) {
+        throw $intervalMinErr('badprom',
+            '`$interval.cancel()` called with a promise that was not generated by `$interval()`.');
+      }
+
+      if (!intervals.hasOwnProperty(promise.$$intervalId)) return false;
+
+      var id = promise.$$intervalId;
+      var deferred = intervals[id];
+
+      // Interval cancels should not report an unhandled promise.
+      markQExceptionHandled(deferred.promise);
+      deferred.reject('canceled');
+      clearIntervalFn(id);
+
+      return true;
+    };
+
+    return interval;
+  }];
+}
+
+/** @this */
+function $$IntervalFactoryProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$browser', '$q', '$$q', '$rootScope',
+       function($browser,   $q,   $$q,   $rootScope) {
+    return function intervalFactory(setIntervalFn, clearIntervalFn) {
+      return function intervalFn(fn, delay, count, invokeApply) {
+        var hasParams = arguments.length > 4,
+            args = hasParams ? sliceArgs(arguments, 4) : [],
+            iteration = 0,
+            skipApply = isDefined(invokeApply) && !invokeApply,
+            deferred = (skipApply ? $$q : $q).defer(),
+            promise = deferred.promise;
+
+        count = isDefined(count) ? count : 0;
+
+        function callback() {
+          if (!hasParams) {
+            fn(iteration);
+          } else {
+            fn.apply(null, args);
+          }
+        }
+
+        function tick() {
+          if (skipApply) {
+            $browser.defer(callback);
+          } else {
+            $rootScope.$evalAsync(callback);
+          }
+          deferred.notify(iteration++);
+
+          if (count > 0 && iteration >= count) {
+            deferred.resolve(iteration);
+            clearIntervalFn(promise.$$intervalId);
+          }
+
+          if (!skipApply) $rootScope.$apply();
+        }
+
+        promise.$$intervalId = setIntervalFn(tick, delay, deferred, skipApply);
+
+        return promise;
+      };
+    };
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $jsonpCallbacks
+ * @requires $window
+ * @description
+ * This service handles the lifecycle of callbacks to handle JSONP requests.
+ * Override this service if you wish to customise where the callbacks are stored and
+ * how they vary compared to the requested url.
+ */
+var $jsonpCallbacksProvider = /** @this */ function() {
+  this.$get = function() {
+    var callbacks = angular.callbacks;
+    var callbackMap = {};
+
+    function createCallback(callbackId) {
+      var callback = function(data) {
+        callback.data = data;
+        callback.called = true;
+      };
+      callback.id = callbackId;
+      return callback;
+    }
+
+    return {
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $jsonpCallbacks#createCallback
+       * @param {string} url the url of the JSONP request
+       * @returns {string} the callback path to send to the server as part of the JSONP request
+       * @description
+       * {@link $httpBackend} calls this method to create a callback and get hold of the path to the callback
+       * to pass to the server, which will be used to call the callback with its payload in the JSONP response.
+       */
+      createCallback: function(url) {
+        var callbackId = '_' + (callbacks.$$counter++).toString(36);
+        var callbackPath = 'angular.callbacks.' + callbackId;
+        var callback = createCallback(callbackId);
+        callbackMap[callbackPath] = callbacks[callbackId] = callback;
+        return callbackPath;
+      },
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $jsonpCallbacks#wasCalled
+       * @param {string} callbackPath the path to the callback that was sent in the JSONP request
+       * @returns {boolean} whether the callback has been called, as a result of the JSONP response
+       * @description
+       * {@link $httpBackend} calls this method to find out whether the JSONP response actually called the
+       * callback that was passed in the request.
+       */
+      wasCalled: function(callbackPath) {
+        return callbackMap[callbackPath].called;
+      },
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $jsonpCallbacks#getResponse
+       * @param {string} callbackPath the path to the callback that was sent in the JSONP request
+       * @returns {*} the data received from the response via the registered callback
+       * @description
+       * {@link $httpBackend} calls this method to get hold of the data that was provided to the callback
+       * in the JSONP response.
+       */
+      getResponse: function(callbackPath) {
+        return callbackMap[callbackPath].data;
+      },
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $jsonpCallbacks#removeCallback
+       * @param {string} callbackPath the path to the callback that was sent in the JSONP request
+       * @description
+       * {@link $httpBackend} calls this method to remove the callback after the JSONP request has
+       * completed or timed-out.
+       */
+      removeCallback: function(callbackPath) {
+        var callback = callbackMap[callbackPath];
+        delete callbacks[callback.id];
+        delete callbackMap[callbackPath];
+      }
+    };
+  };
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $locale
+ *
+ * @description
+ * $locale service provides localization rules for various AngularJS components. As of right now the
+ * only public api is:
+ *
+ * * `id` – `{string}` – locale id formatted as `languageId-countryId` (e.g. `en-us`)
+ */
+
+/* global stripHash: true */
+
+var PATH_MATCH = /^([^?#]*)(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?$/,
+    DEFAULT_PORTS = {'http': 80, 'https': 443, 'ftp': 21};
+var $locationMinErr = minErr('$location');
+
+
+/**
+ * Encode path using encodeUriSegment, ignoring forward slashes
+ *
+ * @param {string} path Path to encode
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+function encodePath(path) {
+  var segments = path.split('/'),
+      i = segments.length;
+
+  while (i--) {
+    // decode forward slashes to prevent them from being double encoded
+    segments[i] = encodeUriSegment(segments[i].replace(/%2F/g, '/'));
+  }
+
+  return segments.join('/');
+}
+
+function decodePath(path, html5Mode) {
+  var segments = path.split('/'),
+      i = segments.length;
+
+  while (i--) {
+    segments[i] = decodeURIComponent(segments[i]);
+    if (html5Mode) {
+      // encode forward slashes to prevent them from being mistaken for path separators
+      segments[i] = segments[i].replace(/\//g, '%2F');
+    }
+  }
+
+  return segments.join('/');
+}
+
+function normalizePath(pathValue, searchValue, hashValue) {
+  var search = toKeyValue(searchValue),
+    hash = hashValue ? '#' + encodeUriSegment(hashValue) : '',
+    path = encodePath(pathValue);
+
+  return path + (search ? '?' + search : '') + hash;
+}
+
+function parseAbsoluteUrl(absoluteUrl, locationObj) {
+  var parsedUrl = urlResolve(absoluteUrl);
+
+  locationObj.$$protocol = parsedUrl.protocol;
+  locationObj.$$host = parsedUrl.hostname;
+  locationObj.$$port = toInt(parsedUrl.port) || DEFAULT_PORTS[parsedUrl.protocol] || null;
+}
+
+var DOUBLE_SLASH_REGEX = /^\s*[\\/]{2,}/;
+function parseAppUrl(url, locationObj, html5Mode) {
+
+  if (DOUBLE_SLASH_REGEX.test(url)) {
+    throw $locationMinErr('badpath', 'Invalid url "{0}".', url);
+  }
+
+  var prefixed = (url.charAt(0) !== '/');
+  if (prefixed) {
+    url = '/' + url;
+  }
+  var match = urlResolve(url);
+  var path = prefixed && match.pathname.charAt(0) === '/' ? match.pathname.substring(1) : match.pathname;
+  locationObj.$$path = decodePath(path, html5Mode);
+  locationObj.$$search = parseKeyValue(match.search);
+  locationObj.$$hash = decodeURIComponent(match.hash);
+
+  // make sure path starts with '/';
+  if (locationObj.$$path && locationObj.$$path.charAt(0) !== '/') {
+    locationObj.$$path = '/' + locationObj.$$path;
+  }
+}
+
+function startsWith(str, search) {
+  return str.slice(0, search.length) === search;
+}
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @param {string} base
+ * @param {string} url
+ * @returns {string} returns text from `url` after `base` or `undefined` if it does not begin with
+ *                   the expected string.
+ */
+function stripBaseUrl(base, url) {
+  if (startsWith(url, base)) {
+    return url.substr(base.length);
+  }
+}
+
+function stripHash(url) {
+  var index = url.indexOf('#');
+  return index === -1 ? url : url.substr(0, index);
+}
+
+function stripFile(url) {
+  return url.substr(0, stripHash(url).lastIndexOf('/') + 1);
+}
+
+/* return the server only (scheme://host:port) */
+function serverBase(url) {
+  return url.substring(0, url.indexOf('/', url.indexOf('//') + 2));
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * LocationHtml5Url represents a URL
+ * This object is exposed as $location service when HTML5 mode is enabled and supported
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {string} appBase application base URL
+ * @param {string} appBaseNoFile application base URL stripped of any filename
+ * @param {string} basePrefix URL path prefix
+ */
+function LocationHtml5Url(appBase, appBaseNoFile, basePrefix) {
+  this.$$html5 = true;
+  basePrefix = basePrefix || '';
+  parseAbsoluteUrl(appBase, this);
+
+
+  /**
+   * Parse given HTML5 (regular) URL string into properties
+   * @param {string} url HTML5 URL
+   * @private
+   */
+  this.$$parse = function(url) {
+    var pathUrl = stripBaseUrl(appBaseNoFile, url);
+    if (!isString(pathUrl)) {
+      throw $locationMinErr('ipthprfx', 'Invalid url "{0}", missing path prefix "{1}".', url,
+          appBaseNoFile);
+    }
+
+    parseAppUrl(pathUrl, this, true);
+
+    if (!this.$$path) {
+      this.$$path = '/';
+    }
+
+    this.$$compose();
+  };
+
+  this.$$normalizeUrl = function(url) {
+    return appBaseNoFile + url.substr(1); // first char is always '/'
+  };
+
+  this.$$parseLinkUrl = function(url, relHref) {
+    if (relHref && relHref[0] === '#') {
+      // special case for links to hash fragments:
+      // keep the old url and only replace the hash fragment
+      this.hash(relHref.slice(1));
+      return true;
+    }
+    var appUrl, prevAppUrl;
+    var rewrittenUrl;
+
+
+    if (isDefined(appUrl = stripBaseUrl(appBase, url))) {
+      prevAppUrl = appUrl;
+      if (basePrefix && isDefined(appUrl = stripBaseUrl(basePrefix, appUrl))) {
+        rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile + (stripBaseUrl('/', appUrl) || appUrl);
+      } else {
+        rewrittenUrl = appBase + prevAppUrl;
+      }
+    } else if (isDefined(appUrl = stripBaseUrl(appBaseNoFile, url))) {
+      rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile + appUrl;
+    } else if (appBaseNoFile === url + '/') {
+      rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile;
+    }
+    if (rewrittenUrl) {
+      this.$$parse(rewrittenUrl);
+    }
+    return !!rewrittenUrl;
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * LocationHashbangUrl represents URL
+ * This object is exposed as $location service when developer doesn't opt into html5 mode.
+ * It also serves as the base class for html5 mode fallback on legacy browsers.
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {string} appBase application base URL
+ * @param {string} appBaseNoFile application base URL stripped of any filename
+ * @param {string} hashPrefix hashbang prefix
+ */
+function LocationHashbangUrl(appBase, appBaseNoFile, hashPrefix) {
+
+  parseAbsoluteUrl(appBase, this);
+
+
+  /**
+   * Parse given hashbang URL into properties
+   * @param {string} url Hashbang URL
+   * @private
+   */
+  this.$$parse = function(url) {
+    var withoutBaseUrl = stripBaseUrl(appBase, url) || stripBaseUrl(appBaseNoFile, url);
+    var withoutHashUrl;
+
+    if (!isUndefined(withoutBaseUrl) && withoutBaseUrl.charAt(0) === '#') {
+
+      // The rest of the URL starts with a hash so we have
+      // got either a hashbang path or a plain hash fragment
+      withoutHashUrl = stripBaseUrl(hashPrefix, withoutBaseUrl);
+      if (isUndefined(withoutHashUrl)) {
+        // There was no hashbang prefix so we just have a hash fragment
+        withoutHashUrl = withoutBaseUrl;
+      }
+
+    } else {
+      // There was no hashbang path nor hash fragment:
+      // If we are in HTML5 mode we use what is left as the path;
+      // Otherwise we ignore what is left
+      if (this.$$html5) {
+        withoutHashUrl = withoutBaseUrl;
+      } else {
+        withoutHashUrl = '';
+        if (isUndefined(withoutBaseUrl)) {
+          appBase = url;
+          /** @type {?} */ (this).replace();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    parseAppUrl(withoutHashUrl, this, false);
+
+    this.$$path = removeWindowsDriveName(this.$$path, withoutHashUrl, appBase);
+
+    this.$$compose();
+
+    /*
+     * In Windows, on an anchor node on documents loaded from
+     * the filesystem, the browser will return a pathname
+     * prefixed with the drive name ('/C:/path') when a
+     * pathname without a drive is set:
+     *  * a.setAttribute('href', '/foo')
+     *   * a.pathname === '/C:/foo' //true
+     *
+     * Inside of AngularJS, we're always using pathnames that
+     * do not include drive names for routing.
+     */
+    function removeWindowsDriveName(path, url, base) {
+      /*
+      Matches paths for file protocol on windows,
+      such as /C:/foo/bar, and captures only /foo/bar.
+      */
+      var windowsFilePathExp = /^\/[A-Z]:(\/.*)/;
+
+      var firstPathSegmentMatch;
+
+      //Get the relative path from the input URL.
+      if (startsWith(url, base)) {
+        url = url.replace(base, '');
+      }
+
+      // The input URL intentionally contains a first path segment that ends with a colon.
+      if (windowsFilePathExp.exec(url)) {
+        return path;
+      }
+
+      firstPathSegmentMatch = windowsFilePathExp.exec(path);
+      return firstPathSegmentMatch ? firstPathSegmentMatch[1] : path;
+    }
+  };
+
+  this.$$normalizeUrl = function(url) {
+    return appBase + (url ? hashPrefix + url : '');
+  };
+
+  this.$$parseLinkUrl = function(url, relHref) {
+    if (stripHash(appBase) === stripHash(url)) {
+      this.$$parse(url);
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * LocationHashbangUrl represents URL
+ * This object is exposed as $location service when html5 history api is enabled but the browser
+ * does not support it.
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {string} appBase application base URL
+ * @param {string} appBaseNoFile application base URL stripped of any filename
+ * @param {string} hashPrefix hashbang prefix
+ */
+function LocationHashbangInHtml5Url(appBase, appBaseNoFile, hashPrefix) {
+  this.$$html5 = true;
+  LocationHashbangUrl.apply(this, arguments);
+
+  this.$$parseLinkUrl = function(url, relHref) {
+    if (relHref && relHref[0] === '#') {
+      // special case for links to hash fragments:
+      // keep the old url and only replace the hash fragment
+      this.hash(relHref.slice(1));
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    var rewrittenUrl;
+    var appUrl;
+
+    if (appBase === stripHash(url)) {
+      rewrittenUrl = url;
+    } else if ((appUrl = stripBaseUrl(appBaseNoFile, url))) {
+      rewrittenUrl = appBase + hashPrefix + appUrl;
+    } else if (appBaseNoFile === url + '/') {
+      rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile;
+    }
+    if (rewrittenUrl) {
+      this.$$parse(rewrittenUrl);
+    }
+    return !!rewrittenUrl;
+  };
+
+  this.$$normalizeUrl = function(url) {
+    // include hashPrefix in $$absUrl when $$url is empty so IE9 does not reload page because of removal of '#'
+    return appBase + hashPrefix + url;
+  };
+}
+
+
+var locationPrototype = {
+
+  /**
+   * Ensure absolute URL is initialized.
+   * @private
+   */
+  $$absUrl:'',
+
+  /**
+   * Are we in html5 mode?
+   * @private
+   */
+  $$html5: false,
+
+  /**
+   * Has any change been replacing?
+   * @private
+   */
+  $$replace: false,
+
+  /**
+   * Compose url and update `url` and `absUrl` property
+   * @private
+   */
+  $$compose: function() {
+    this.$$url = normalizePath(this.$$path, this.$$search, this.$$hash);
+    this.$$absUrl = this.$$normalizeUrl(this.$$url);
+    this.$$urlUpdatedByLocation = true;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#absUrl
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter only.
+   *
+   * Return full URL representation with all segments encoded according to rules specified in
+   * [RFC 3986](http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt).
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given URL http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var absUrl = $location.absUrl();
+   * // => "http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @return {string} full URL
+   */
+  absUrl: locationGetter('$$absUrl'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#url
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Return URL (e.g. `/path?a=b#hash`) when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change path, search and hash, when called with parameter and return `$location`.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given URL http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var url = $location.url();
+   * // => "/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param {string=} url New URL without base prefix (e.g. `/path?a=b#hash`)
+   * @return {string} url
+   */
+  url: function(url) {
+    if (isUndefined(url)) {
+      return this.$$url;
+    }
+
+    var match = PATH_MATCH.exec(url);
+    if (match[1] || url === '') this.path(decodeURIComponent(match[1]));
+    if (match[2] || match[1] || url === '') this.search(match[3] || '');
+    this.hash(match[5] || '');
+
+    return this;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#protocol
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter only.
+   *
+   * Return protocol of current URL.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given URL http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var protocol = $location.protocol();
+   * // => "http"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @return {string} protocol of current URL
+   */
+  protocol: locationGetter('$$protocol'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#host
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter only.
+   *
+   * Return host of current URL.
+   *
+   * Note: compared to the non-AngularJS version `location.host` which returns `hostname:port`, this returns the `hostname` portion only.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given URL http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var host = $location.host();
+   * // => "example.com"
+   *
+   * // given URL http://user:password@example.com:8080/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * host = $location.host();
+   * // => "example.com"
+   * host = location.host;
+   * // => "example.com:8080"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @return {string} host of current URL.
+   */
+  host: locationGetter('$$host'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#port
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter only.
+   *
+   * Return port of current URL.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given URL http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var port = $location.port();
+   * // => 80
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @return {Number} port
+   */
+  port: locationGetter('$$port'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#path
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Return path of current URL when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change path when called with parameter and return `$location`.
+   *
+   * Note: Path should always begin with forward slash (/), this method will add the forward slash
+   * if it is missing.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given URL http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var path = $location.path();
+   * // => "/some/path"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param {(string|number)=} path New path
+   * @return {(string|object)} path if called with no parameters, or `$location` if called with a parameter
+   */
+  path: locationGetterSetter('$$path', function(path) {
+    path = path !== null ? path.toString() : '';
+    return path.charAt(0) === '/' ? path : '/' + path;
+  }),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#search
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Return search part (as object) of current URL when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change search part when called with parameter and return `$location`.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given URL http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var searchObject = $location.search();
+   * // => {foo: 'bar', baz: 'xoxo'}
+   *
+   * // set foo to 'yipee'
+   * $location.search('foo', 'yipee');
+   * // $location.search() => {foo: 'yipee', baz: 'xoxo'}
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param {string|Object.<string>|Object.<Array.<string>>} search New search params - string or
+   * hash object.
+   *
+   * When called with a single argument the method acts as a setter, setting the `search` component
+   * of `$location` to the specified value.
+   *
+   * If the argument is a hash object containing an array of values, these values will be encoded
+   * as duplicate search parameters in the URL.
+   *
+   * @param {(string|Number|Array<string>|boolean)=} paramValue If `search` is a string or number, then `paramValue`
+   * will override only a single search property.
+   *
+   * If `paramValue` is an array, it will override the property of the `search` component of
+   * `$location` specified via the first argument.
+   *
+   * If `paramValue` is `null`, the property specified via the first argument will be deleted.
+   *
+   * If `paramValue` is `true`, the property specified via the first argument will be added with no
+   * value nor trailing equal sign.
+   *
+   * @return {Object} If called with no arguments returns the parsed `search` object. If called with
+   * one or more arguments returns `$location` object itself.
+   */
+  search: function(search, paramValue) {
+    switch (arguments.length) {
+      case 0:
+        return this.$$search;
+      case 1:
+        if (isString(search) || isNumber(search)) {
+          search = search.toString();
+          this.$$search = parseKeyValue(search);
+        } else if (isObject(search)) {
+          search = copy(search, {});
+          // remove object undefined or null properties
+          forEach(search, function(value, key) {
+            if (value == null) delete search[key];
+          });
+
+          this.$$search = search;
+        } else {
+          throw $locationMinErr('isrcharg',
+              'The first argument of the `$location#search()` call must be a string or an object.');
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        if (isUndefined(paramValue) || paramValue === null) {
+          delete this.$$search[search];
+        } else {
+          this.$$search[search] = paramValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    this.$$compose();
+    return this;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#hash
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Returns the hash fragment when called without any parameters.
+   *
+   * Changes the hash fragment when called with a parameter and returns `$location`.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given URL http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo#hashValue
+   * var hash = $location.hash();
+   * // => "hashValue"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param {(string|number)=} hash New hash fragment
+   * @return {string} hash
+   */
+  hash: locationGetterSetter('$$hash', function(hash) {
+    return hash !== null ? hash.toString() : '';
+  }),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#replace
+   *
+   * @description
+   * If called, all changes to $location during the current `$digest` will replace the current history
+   * record, instead of adding a new one.
+   */
+  replace: function() {
+    this.$$replace = true;
+    return this;
+  }
+};
+
+forEach([LocationHashbangInHtml5Url, LocationHashbangUrl, LocationHtml5Url], function(Location) {
+  Location.prototype = Object.create(locationPrototype);
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#state
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Return the history state object when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change the history state object when called with one parameter and return `$location`.
+   * The state object is later passed to `pushState` or `replaceState`.
+   *
+   * NOTE: This method is supported only in HTML5 mode and only in browsers supporting
+   * the HTML5 History API (i.e. methods `pushState` and `replaceState`). If you need to support
+   * older browsers (like IE9 or Android < 4.0), don't use this method.
+   *
+   * @param {object=} state State object for pushState or replaceState
+   * @return {object} state
+   */
+  Location.prototype.state = function(state) {
+    if (!arguments.length) {
+      return this.$$state;
+    }
+
+    if (Location !== LocationHtml5Url || !this.$$html5) {
+      throw $locationMinErr('nostate', 'History API state support is available only ' +
+        'in HTML5 mode and only in browsers supporting HTML5 History API');
+    }
+    // The user might modify `stateObject` after invoking `$location.state(stateObject)`
+    // but we're changing the $$state reference to $browser.state() during the $digest
+    // so the modification window is narrow.
+    this.$$state = isUndefined(state) ? null : state;
+    this.$$urlUpdatedByLocation = true;
+
+    return this;
+  };
+});
+
+
+function locationGetter(property) {
+  return /** @this */ function() {
+    return this[property];
+  };
+}
+
+
+function locationGetterSetter(property, preprocess) {
+  return /** @this */ function(value) {
+    if (isUndefined(value)) {
+      return this[property];
+    }
+
+    this[property] = preprocess(value);
+    this.$$compose();
+
+    return this;
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $location
+ *
+ * @requires $rootElement
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The $location service parses the URL in the browser address bar (based on the
+ * [window.location](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/window.location)) and makes the URL
+ * available to your application. Changes to the URL in the address bar are reflected into
+ * $location service and changes to $location are reflected into the browser address bar.
+ *
+ * **The $location service:**
+ *
+ * - Exposes the current URL in the browser address bar, so you can
+ *   - Watch and observe the URL.
+ *   - Change the URL.
+ * - Synchronizes the URL with the browser when the user
+ *   - Changes the address bar.
+ *   - Clicks the back or forward button (or clicks a History link).
+ *   - Clicks on a link.
+ * - Represents the URL object as a set of methods (protocol, host, port, path, search, hash).
+ *
+ * For more information see {@link guide/$location Developer Guide: Using $location}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $locationProvider
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Use the `$locationProvider` to configure how the application deep linking paths are stored.
+ */
+function $LocationProvider() {
+  var hashPrefix = '!',
+      html5Mode = {
+        enabled: false,
+        requireBase: true,
+        rewriteLinks: true
+      };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $locationProvider#hashPrefix
+   * @description
+   * The default value for the prefix is `'!'`.
+   * @param {string=} prefix Prefix for hash part (containing path and search)
+   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
+   */
+  this.hashPrefix = function(prefix) {
+    if (isDefined(prefix)) {
+      hashPrefix = prefix;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return hashPrefix;
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $locationProvider#html5Mode
+   * @description
+   * @param {(boolean|Object)=} mode If boolean, sets `html5Mode.enabled` to value.
+   *   If object, sets `enabled`, `requireBase` and `rewriteLinks` to respective values. Supported
+   *   properties:
+   *   - **enabled** – `{boolean}` – (default: false) If true, will rely on `history.pushState` to
+   *     change urls where supported. Will fall back to hash-prefixed paths in browsers that do not
+   *     support `pushState`.
+   *   - **requireBase** - `{boolean}` - (default: `true`) When html5Mode is enabled, specifies
+   *     whether or not a <base> tag is required to be present. If `enabled` and `requireBase` are
+   *     true, and a base tag is not present, an error will be thrown when `$location` is injected.
+   *     See the {@link guide/$location $location guide for more information}
+   *   - **rewriteLinks** - `{boolean|string}` - (default: `true`) When html5Mode is enabled,
+   *     enables/disables URL rewriting for relative links. If set to a string, URL rewriting will
+   *     only happen on links with an attribute that matches the given string. For example, if set
+   *     to `'internal-link'`, then the URL will only be rewritten for `<a internal-link>` links.
+   *     Note that [attribute name normalization](guide/directive#normalization) does not apply
+   *     here, so `'internalLink'` will **not** match `'internal-link'`.
+   *
+   * @returns {Object} html5Mode object if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
+   */
+  this.html5Mode = function(mode) {
+    if (isBoolean(mode)) {
+      html5Mode.enabled = mode;
+      return this;
+    } else if (isObject(mode)) {
+
+      if (isBoolean(mode.enabled)) {
+        html5Mode.enabled = mode.enabled;
+      }
+
+      if (isBoolean(mode.requireBase)) {
+        html5Mode.requireBase = mode.requireBase;
+      }
+
+      if (isBoolean(mode.rewriteLinks) || isString(mode.rewriteLinks)) {
+        html5Mode.rewriteLinks = mode.rewriteLinks;
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return html5Mode;
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc event
+   * @name $location#$locationChangeStart
+   * @eventType broadcast on root scope
+   * @description
+   * Broadcasted before a URL will change.
+   *
+   * This change can be prevented by calling
+   * `preventDefault` method of the event. See {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} for more
+   * details about event object. Upon successful change
+   * {@link ng.$location#$locationChangeSuccess $locationChangeSuccess} is fired.
+   *
+   * The `newState` and `oldState` parameters may be defined only in HTML5 mode and when
+   * the browser supports the HTML5 History API.
+   *
+   * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
+   * @param {string} newUrl New URL
+   * @param {string=} oldUrl URL that was before it was changed.
+   * @param {string=} newState New history state object
+   * @param {string=} oldState History state object that was before it was changed.
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc event
+   * @name $location#$locationChangeSuccess
+   * @eventType broadcast on root scope
+   * @description
+   * Broadcasted after a URL was changed.
+   *
+   * The `newState` and `oldState` parameters may be defined only in HTML5 mode and when
+   * the browser supports the HTML5 History API.
+   *
+   * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
+   * @param {string} newUrl New URL
+   * @param {string=} oldUrl URL that was before it was changed.
+   * @param {string=} newState New history state object
+   * @param {string=} oldState History state object that was before it was changed.
+   */
+
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$sniffer', '$rootElement', '$window',
+      function($rootScope, $browser, $sniffer, $rootElement, $window) {
+    var $location,
+        LocationMode,
+        baseHref = $browser.baseHref(), // if base[href] is undefined, it defaults to ''
+        initialUrl = $browser.url(),
+        appBase;
+
+    if (html5Mode.enabled) {
+      if (!baseHref && html5Mode.requireBase) {
+        throw $locationMinErr('nobase',
+          '$location in HTML5 mode requires a <base> tag to be present!');
+      }
+      appBase = serverBase(initialUrl) + (baseHref || '/');
+      LocationMode = $sniffer.history ? LocationHtml5Url : LocationHashbangInHtml5Url;
+    } else {
+      appBase = stripHash(initialUrl);
+      LocationMode = LocationHashbangUrl;
+    }
+    var appBaseNoFile = stripFile(appBase);
+
+    $location = new LocationMode(appBase, appBaseNoFile, '#' + hashPrefix);
+    $location.$$parseLinkUrl(initialUrl, initialUrl);
+
+    $location.$$state = $browser.state();
+
+    var IGNORE_URI_REGEXP = /^\s*(javascript|mailto):/i;
+
+    // Determine if two URLs are equal despite potentially having different encoding/normalizing
+    //  such as $location.absUrl() vs $browser.url()
+    // See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/16592
+    function urlsEqual(a, b) {
+      return a === b || urlResolve(a).href === urlResolve(b).href;
+    }
+
+    function setBrowserUrlWithFallback(url, replace, state) {
+      var oldUrl = $location.url();
+      var oldState = $location.$$state;
+      try {
+        $browser.url(url, replace, state);
+
+        // Make sure $location.state() returns referentially identical (not just deeply equal)
+        // state object; this makes possible quick checking if the state changed in the digest
+        // loop. Checking deep equality would be too expensive.
+        $location.$$state = $browser.state();
+      } catch (e) {
+        // Restore old values if pushState fails
+        $location.url(oldUrl);
+        $location.$$state = oldState;
+
+        throw e;
+      }
+    }
+
+    $rootElement.on('click', function(event) {
+      var rewriteLinks = html5Mode.rewriteLinks;
+      // TODO(vojta): rewrite link when opening in new tab/window (in legacy browser)
+      // currently we open nice url link and redirect then
+
+      if (!rewriteLinks || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey || event.shiftKey || event.which === 2 || event.button === 2) return;
+
+      var elm = jqLite(event.target);
+
+      // traverse the DOM up to find first A tag
+      while (nodeName_(elm[0]) !== 'a') {
+        // ignore rewriting if no A tag (reached root element, or no parent - removed from document)
+        if (elm[0] === $rootElement[0] || !(elm = elm.parent())[0]) return;
+      }
+
+      if (isString(rewriteLinks) && isUndefined(elm.attr(rewriteLinks))) return;
+
+      var absHref = elm.prop('href');
+      // get the actual href attribute - see
+      // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/dd347148(v=vs.85).aspx
+      var relHref = elm.attr('href') || elm.attr('xlink:href');
+
+      if (isObject(absHref) && absHref.toString() === '[object SVGAnimatedString]') {
+        // SVGAnimatedString.animVal should be identical to SVGAnimatedString.baseVal, unless during
+        // an animation.
+        absHref = urlResolve(absHref.animVal).href;
+      }
+
+      // Ignore when url is started with javascript: or mailto:
+      if (IGNORE_URI_REGEXP.test(absHref)) return;
+
+      if (absHref && !elm.attr('target') && !event.isDefaultPrevented()) {
+        if ($location.$$parseLinkUrl(absHref, relHref)) {
+          // We do a preventDefault for all urls that are part of the AngularJS application,
+          // in html5mode and also without, so that we are able to abort navigation without
+          // getting double entries in the location history.
+          event.preventDefault();
+          // update location manually
+          if ($location.absUrl() !== $browser.url()) {
+            $rootScope.$apply();
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+
+    // rewrite hashbang url <> html5 url
+    if ($location.absUrl() !== initialUrl) {
+      $browser.url($location.absUrl(), true);
+    }
+
+    var initializing = true;
+
+    // update $location when $browser url changes
+    $browser.onUrlChange(function(newUrl, newState) {
+
+      if (!startsWith(newUrl, appBaseNoFile)) {
+        // If we are navigating outside of the app then force a reload
+        $window.location.href = newUrl;
+        return;
+      }
+
+      $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
+        var oldUrl = $location.absUrl();
+        var oldState = $location.$$state;
+        var defaultPrevented;
+        $location.$$parse(newUrl);
+        $location.$$state = newState;
+
+        defaultPrevented = $rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeStart', newUrl, oldUrl,
+            newState, oldState).defaultPrevented;
+
+        // if the location was changed by a `$locationChangeStart` handler then stop
+        // processing this location change
+        if ($location.absUrl() !== newUrl) return;
+
+        if (defaultPrevented) {
+          $location.$$parse(oldUrl);
+          $location.$$state = oldState;
+          setBrowserUrlWithFallback(oldUrl, false, oldState);
+        } else {
+          initializing = false;
+          afterLocationChange(oldUrl, oldState);
+        }
+      });
+      if (!$rootScope.$$phase) $rootScope.$digest();
+    });
+
+    // update browser
+    $rootScope.$watch(function $locationWatch() {
+      if (initializing || $location.$$urlUpdatedByLocation) {
+        $location.$$urlUpdatedByLocation = false;
+
+        var oldUrl = $browser.url();
+        var newUrl = $location.absUrl();
+        var oldState = $browser.state();
+        var currentReplace = $location.$$replace;
+        var urlOrStateChanged = !urlsEqual(oldUrl, newUrl) ||
+          ($location.$$html5 && $sniffer.history && oldState !== $location.$$state);
+
+        if (initializing || urlOrStateChanged) {
+          initializing = false;
+
+          $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
+            var newUrl = $location.absUrl();
+            var defaultPrevented = $rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeStart', newUrl, oldUrl,
+                $location.$$state, oldState).defaultPrevented;
+
+            // if the location was changed by a `$locationChangeStart` handler then stop
+            // processing this location change
+            if ($location.absUrl() !== newUrl) return;
+
+            if (defaultPrevented) {
+              $location.$$parse(oldUrl);
+              $location.$$state = oldState;
+            } else {
+              if (urlOrStateChanged) {
+                setBrowserUrlWithFallback(newUrl, currentReplace,
+                                          oldState === $location.$$state ? null : $location.$$state);
+              }
+              afterLocationChange(oldUrl, oldState);
+            }
+          });
+        }
+      }
+
+      $location.$$replace = false;
+
+      // we don't need to return anything because $evalAsync will make the digest loop dirty when
+      // there is a change
+    });
+
+    return $location;
+
+    function afterLocationChange(oldUrl, oldState) {
+      $rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeSuccess', $location.absUrl(), oldUrl,
+        $location.$$state, oldState);
+    }
+}];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $log
+ * @requires $window
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Simple service for logging. Default implementation safely writes the message
+ * into the browser's console (if present).
+ *
+ * The main purpose of this service is to simplify debugging and troubleshooting.
+ *
+ * To reveal the location of the calls to `$log` in the JavaScript console,
+ * you can "blackbox" the AngularJS source in your browser:
+ *
+ * [Mozilla description of blackboxing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Tools/Debugger/How_to/Black_box_a_source).
+ * [Chrome description of blackboxing](https://developer.chrome.com/devtools/docs/blackboxing).
+ *
+ * Note: Not all browsers support blackboxing.
+ *
+ * The default is to log `debug` messages. You can use
+ * {@link ng.$logProvider ng.$logProvider#debugEnabled} to change this.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="logExample" name="log-service">
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('logExample', [])
+         .controller('LogController', ['$scope', '$log', function($scope, $log) {
+           $scope.$log = $log;
+           $scope.message = 'Hello World!';
+         }]);
+     </file>
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="LogController">
+         <p>Reload this page with open console, enter text and hit the log button...</p>
+         <label>Message:
+         <input type="text" ng-model="message" /></label>
+         <button ng-click="$log.log(message)">log</button>
+         <button ng-click="$log.warn(message)">warn</button>
+         <button ng-click="$log.info(message)">info</button>
+         <button ng-click="$log.error(message)">error</button>
+         <button ng-click="$log.debug(message)">debug</button>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $logProvider
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Use the `$logProvider` to configure how the application logs messages
+ */
+function $LogProvider() {
+  var debug = true,
+      self = this;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $logProvider#debugEnabled
+   * @description
+   * @param {boolean=} flag enable or disable debug level messages
+   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
+   */
+  this.debugEnabled = function(flag) {
+    if (isDefined(flag)) {
+      debug = flag;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return debug;
+    }
+  };
+
+  this.$get = ['$window', function($window) {
+    // Support: IE 9-11, Edge 12-14+
+    // IE/Edge display errors in such a way that it requires the user to click in 4 places
+    // to see the stack trace. There is no way to feature-detect it so there's a chance
+    // of the user agent sniffing to go wrong but since it's only about logging, this shouldn't
+    // break apps. Other browsers display errors in a sensible way and some of them map stack
+    // traces along source maps if available so it makes sense to let browsers display it
+    // as they want.
+    var formatStackTrace = msie || /\bEdge\//.test($window.navigator && $window.navigator.userAgent);
+
+    return {
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $log#log
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write a log message
+       */
+      log: consoleLog('log'),
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $log#info
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write an information message
+       */
+      info: consoleLog('info'),
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $log#warn
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write a warning message
+       */
+      warn: consoleLog('warn'),
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $log#error
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write an error message
+       */
+      error: consoleLog('error'),
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $log#debug
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write a debug message
+       */
+      debug: (function() {
+        var fn = consoleLog('debug');
+
+        return function() {
+          if (debug) {
+            fn.apply(self, arguments);
+          }
+        };
+      })()
+    };
+
+    function formatError(arg) {
+      if (isError(arg)) {
+        if (arg.stack && formatStackTrace) {
+          arg = (arg.message && arg.stack.indexOf(arg.message) === -1)
+              ? 'Error: ' + arg.message + '\n' + arg.stack
+              : arg.stack;
+        } else if (arg.sourceURL) {
+          arg = arg.message + '\n' + arg.sourceURL + ':' + arg.line;
+        }
+      }
+      return arg;
+    }
+
+    function consoleLog(type) {
+      var console = $window.console || {},
+          logFn = console[type] || console.log || noop;
+
+      return function() {
+        var args = [];
+        forEach(arguments, function(arg) {
+          args.push(formatError(arg));
+        });
+        // Support: IE 9 only
+        // console methods don't inherit from Function.prototype in IE 9 so we can't
+        // call `logFn.apply(console, args)` directly.
+        return Function.prototype.apply.call(logFn, console, args);
+      };
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
+ *     Any commits to this file should be reviewed with security in mind.  *
+ *   Changes to this file can potentially create security vulnerabilities. *
+ *          An approval from 2 Core members with history of modifying      *
+ *                         this file is required.                          *
+ *                                                                         *
+ *  Does the change somehow allow for arbitrary javascript to be executed? *
+ *    Or allows for someone to change the prototype of built-in objects?   *
+ *     Or gives undesired access to variables likes document or window?    *
+ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
+
+var $parseMinErr = minErr('$parse');
+
+var objectValueOf = {}.constructor.prototype.valueOf;
+
+// Sandboxing AngularJS Expressions
+// ------------------------------
+// AngularJS expressions are no longer sandboxed. So it is now even easier to access arbitrary JS code by
+// various means such as obtaining a reference to native JS functions like the Function constructor.
+//
+// As an example, consider the following AngularJS expression:
+//
+//   {}.toString.constructor('alert("evil JS code")')
+//
+// It is important to realize that if you create an expression from a string that contains user provided
+// content then it is possible that your application contains a security vulnerability to an XSS style attack.
+//
+// See https://docs.angularjs.org/guide/security
+
+
+function getStringValue(name) {
+  // Property names must be strings. This means that non-string objects cannot be used
+  // as keys in an object. Any non-string object, including a number, is typecasted
+  // into a string via the toString method.
+  // -- MDN, https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Property_accessors#Property_names
+  //
+  // So, to ensure that we are checking the same `name` that JavaScript would use, we cast it
+  // to a string. It's not always possible. If `name` is an object and its `toString` method is
+  // 'broken' (doesn't return a string, isn't a function, etc.), an error will be thrown:
+  //
+  // TypeError: Cannot convert object to primitive value
+  //
+  // For performance reasons, we don't catch this error here and allow it to propagate up the call
+  // stack. Note that you'll get the same error in JavaScript if you try to access a property using
+  // such a 'broken' object as a key.
+  return name + '';
+}
+
+
+var OPERATORS = createMap();
+forEach('+ - * / % === !== == != < > <= >= && || ! = |'.split(' '), function(operator) { OPERATORS[operator] = true; });
+var ESCAPE = {'n':'\n', 'f':'\f', 'r':'\r', 't':'\t', 'v':'\v', '\'':'\'', '"':'"'};
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ */
+var Lexer = function Lexer(options) {
+  this.options = options;
+};
+
+Lexer.prototype = {
+  constructor: Lexer,
+
+  lex: function(text) {
+    this.text = text;
+    this.index = 0;
+    this.tokens = [];
+
+    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
+      var ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
+      if (ch === '"' || ch === '\'') {
+        this.readString(ch);
+      } else if (this.isNumber(ch) || ch === '.' && this.isNumber(this.peek())) {
+        this.readNumber();
+      } else if (this.isIdentifierStart(this.peekMultichar())) {
+        this.readIdent();
+      } else if (this.is(ch, '(){}[].,;:?')) {
+        this.tokens.push({index: this.index, text: ch});
+        this.index++;
+      } else if (this.isWhitespace(ch)) {
+        this.index++;
+      } else {
+        var ch2 = ch + this.peek();
+        var ch3 = ch2 + this.peek(2);
+        var op1 = OPERATORS[ch];
+        var op2 = OPERATORS[ch2];
+        var op3 = OPERATORS[ch3];
+        if (op1 || op2 || op3) {
+          var token = op3 ? ch3 : (op2 ? ch2 : ch);
+          this.tokens.push({index: this.index, text: token, operator: true});
+          this.index += token.length;
+        } else {
+          this.throwError('Unexpected next character ', this.index, this.index + 1);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return this.tokens;
+  },
+
+  is: function(ch, chars) {
+    return chars.indexOf(ch) !== -1;
+  },
+
+  peek: function(i) {
+    var num = i || 1;
+    return (this.index + num < this.text.length) ? this.text.charAt(this.index + num) : false;
+  },
+
+  isNumber: function(ch) {
+    return ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') && typeof ch === 'string';
+  },
+
+  isWhitespace: function(ch) {
+    // IE treats non-breaking space as \u00A0
+    return (ch === ' ' || ch === '\r' || ch === '\t' ||
+            ch === '\n' || ch === '\v' || ch === '\u00A0');
+  },
+
+  isIdentifierStart: function(ch) {
+    return this.options.isIdentifierStart ?
+        this.options.isIdentifierStart(ch, this.codePointAt(ch)) :
+        this.isValidIdentifierStart(ch);
+  },
+
+  isValidIdentifierStart: function(ch) {
+    return ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z' ||
+            'A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z' ||
+            '_' === ch || ch === '$');
+  },
+
+  isIdentifierContinue: function(ch) {
+    return this.options.isIdentifierContinue ?
+        this.options.isIdentifierContinue(ch, this.codePointAt(ch)) :
+        this.isValidIdentifierContinue(ch);
+  },
+
+  isValidIdentifierContinue: function(ch, cp) {
+    return this.isValidIdentifierStart(ch, cp) || this.isNumber(ch);
+  },
+
+  codePointAt: function(ch) {
+    if (ch.length === 1) return ch.charCodeAt(0);
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-bitwise
+    return (ch.charCodeAt(0) << 10) + ch.charCodeAt(1) - 0x35FDC00;
+  },
+
+  peekMultichar: function() {
+    var ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
+    var peek = this.peek();
+    if (!peek) {
+      return ch;
+    }
+    var cp1 = ch.charCodeAt(0);
+    var cp2 = peek.charCodeAt(0);
+    if (cp1 >= 0xD800 && cp1 <= 0xDBFF && cp2 >= 0xDC00 && cp2 <= 0xDFFF) {
+      return ch + peek;
+    }
+    return ch;
+  },
+
+  isExpOperator: function(ch) {
+    return (ch === '-' || ch === '+' || this.isNumber(ch));
+  },
+
+  throwError: function(error, start, end) {
+    end = end || this.index;
+    var colStr = (isDefined(start)
+            ? 's ' + start +  '-' + this.index + ' [' + this.text.substring(start, end) + ']'
+            : ' ' + end);
+    throw $parseMinErr('lexerr', 'Lexer Error: {0} at column{1} in expression [{2}].',
+        error, colStr, this.text);
+  },
+
+  readNumber: function() {
+    var number = '';
+    var start = this.index;
+    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
+      var ch = lowercase(this.text.charAt(this.index));
+      if (ch === '.' || this.isNumber(ch)) {
+        number += ch;
+      } else {
+        var peekCh = this.peek();
+        if (ch === 'e' && this.isExpOperator(peekCh)) {
+          number += ch;
+        } else if (this.isExpOperator(ch) &&
+            peekCh && this.isNumber(peekCh) &&
+            number.charAt(number.length - 1) === 'e') {
+          number += ch;
+        } else if (this.isExpOperator(ch) &&
+            (!peekCh || !this.isNumber(peekCh)) &&
+            number.charAt(number.length - 1) === 'e') {
+          this.throwError('Invalid exponent');
+        } else {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      this.index++;
+    }
+    this.tokens.push({
+      index: start,
+      text: number,
+      constant: true,
+      value: Number(number)
+    });
+  },
+
+  readIdent: function() {
+    var start = this.index;
+    this.index += this.peekMultichar().length;
+    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
+      var ch = this.peekMultichar();
+      if (!this.isIdentifierContinue(ch)) {
+        break;
+      }
+      this.index += ch.length;
+    }
+    this.tokens.push({
+      index: start,
+      text: this.text.slice(start, this.index),
+      identifier: true
+    });
+  },
+
+  readString: function(quote) {
+    var start = this.index;
+    this.index++;
+    var string = '';
+    var rawString = quote;
+    var escape = false;
+    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
+      var ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
+      rawString += ch;
+      if (escape) {
+        if (ch === 'u') {
+          var hex = this.text.substring(this.index + 1, this.index + 5);
+          if (!hex.match(/[\da-f]{4}/i)) {
+            this.throwError('Invalid unicode escape [\\u' + hex + ']');
+          }
+          this.index += 4;
+          string += String.fromCharCode(parseInt(hex, 16));
+        } else {
+          var rep = ESCAPE[ch];
+          string = string + (rep || ch);
+        }
+        escape = false;
+      } else if (ch === '\\') {
+        escape = true;
+      } else if (ch === quote) {
+        this.index++;
+        this.tokens.push({
+          index: start,
+          text: rawString,
+          constant: true,
+          value: string
+        });
+        return;
+      } else {
+        string += ch;
+      }
+      this.index++;
+    }
+    this.throwError('Unterminated quote', start);
+  }
+};
+
+var AST = function AST(lexer, options) {
+  this.lexer = lexer;
+  this.options = options;
+};
+
+AST.Program = 'Program';
+AST.ExpressionStatement = 'ExpressionStatement';
+AST.AssignmentExpression = 'AssignmentExpression';
+AST.ConditionalExpression = 'ConditionalExpression';
+AST.LogicalExpression = 'LogicalExpression';
+AST.BinaryExpression = 'BinaryExpression';
+AST.UnaryExpression = 'UnaryExpression';
+AST.CallExpression = 'CallExpression';
+AST.MemberExpression = 'MemberExpression';
+AST.Identifier = 'Identifier';
+AST.Literal = 'Literal';
+AST.ArrayExpression = 'ArrayExpression';
+AST.Property = 'Property';
+AST.ObjectExpression = 'ObjectExpression';
+AST.ThisExpression = 'ThisExpression';
+AST.LocalsExpression = 'LocalsExpression';
+
+// Internal use only
+AST.NGValueParameter = 'NGValueParameter';
+
+AST.prototype = {
+  ast: function(text) {
+    this.text = text;
+    this.tokens = this.lexer.lex(text);
+
+    var value = this.program();
+
+    if (this.tokens.length !== 0) {
+      this.throwError('is an unexpected token', this.tokens[0]);
+    }
+
+    return value;
+  },
+
+  program: function() {
+    var body = [];
+    while (true) {
+      if (this.tokens.length > 0 && !this.peek('}', ')', ';', ']'))
+        body.push(this.expressionStatement());
+      if (!this.expect(';')) {
+        return { type: AST.Program, body: body};
+      }
+    }
+  },
+
+  expressionStatement: function() {
+    return { type: AST.ExpressionStatement, expression: this.filterChain() };
+  },
+
+  filterChain: function() {
+    var left = this.expression();
+    while (this.expect('|')) {
+      left = this.filter(left);
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  expression: function() {
+    return this.assignment();
+  },
+
+  assignment: function() {
+    var result = this.ternary();
+    if (this.expect('=')) {
+      if (!isAssignable(result)) {
+        throw $parseMinErr('lval', 'Trying to assign a value to a non l-value');
+      }
+
+      result = { type: AST.AssignmentExpression, left: result, right: this.assignment(), operator: '='};
+    }
+    return result;
+  },
+
+  ternary: function() {
+    var test = this.logicalOR();
+    var alternate;
+    var consequent;
+    if (this.expect('?')) {
+      alternate = this.expression();
+      if (this.consume(':')) {
+        consequent = this.expression();
+        return { type: AST.ConditionalExpression, test: test, alternate: alternate, consequent: consequent};
+      }
+    }
+    return test;
+  },
+
+  logicalOR: function() {
+    var left = this.logicalAND();
+    while (this.expect('||')) {
+      left = { type: AST.LogicalExpression, operator: '||', left: left, right: this.logicalAND() };
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  logicalAND: function() {
+    var left = this.equality();
+    while (this.expect('&&')) {
+      left = { type: AST.LogicalExpression, operator: '&&', left: left, right: this.equality()};
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  equality: function() {
+    var left = this.relational();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('==','!=','===','!=='))) {
+      left = { type: AST.BinaryExpression, operator: token.text, left: left, right: this.relational() };
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  relational: function() {
+    var left = this.additive();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('<', '>', '<=', '>='))) {
+      left = { type: AST.BinaryExpression, operator: token.text, left: left, right: this.additive() };
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  additive: function() {
+    var left = this.multiplicative();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('+','-'))) {
+      left = { type: AST.BinaryExpression, operator: token.text, left: left, right: this.multiplicative() };
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  multiplicative: function() {
+    var left = this.unary();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('*','/','%'))) {
+      left = { type: AST.BinaryExpression, operator: token.text, left: left, right: this.unary() };
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  unary: function() {
+    var token;
+    if ((token = this.expect('+', '-', '!'))) {
+      return { type: AST.UnaryExpression, operator: token.text, prefix: true, argument: this.unary() };
+    } else {
+      return this.primary();
+    }
+  },
+
+  primary: function() {
+    var primary;
+    if (this.expect('(')) {
+      primary = this.filterChain();
+      this.consume(')');
+    } else if (this.expect('[')) {
+      primary = this.arrayDeclaration();
+    } else if (this.expect('{')) {
+      primary = this.object();
+    } else if (this.selfReferential.hasOwnProperty(this.peek().text)) {
+      primary = copy(this.selfReferential[this.consume().text]);
+    } else if (this.options.literals.hasOwnProperty(this.peek().text)) {
+      primary = { type: AST.Literal, value: this.options.literals[this.consume().text]};
+    } else if (this.peek().identifier) {
+      primary = this.identifier();
+    } else if (this.peek().constant) {
+      primary = this.constant();
+    } else {
+      this.throwError('not a primary expression', this.peek());
+    }
+
+    var next;
+    while ((next = this.expect('(', '[', '.'))) {
+      if (next.text === '(') {
+        primary = {type: AST.CallExpression, callee: primary, arguments: this.parseArguments() };
+        this.consume(')');
+      } else if (next.text === '[') {
+        primary = { type: AST.MemberExpression, object: primary, property: this.expression(), computed: true };
+        this.consume(']');
+      } else if (next.text === '.') {
+        primary = { type: AST.MemberExpression, object: primary, property: this.identifier(), computed: false };
+      } else {
+        this.throwError('IMPOSSIBLE');
+      }
+    }
+    return primary;
+  },
+
+  filter: function(baseExpression) {
+    var args = [baseExpression];
+    var result = {type: AST.CallExpression, callee: this.identifier(), arguments: args, filter: true};
+
+    while (this.expect(':')) {
+      args.push(this.expression());
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  },
+
+  parseArguments: function() {
+    var args = [];
+    if (this.peekToken().text !== ')') {
+      do {
+        args.push(this.filterChain());
+      } while (this.expect(','));
+    }
+    return args;
+  },
+
+  identifier: function() {
+    var token = this.consume();
+    if (!token.identifier) {
+      this.throwError('is not a valid identifier', token);
+    }
+    return { type: AST.Identifier, name: token.text };
+  },
+
+  constant: function() {
+    // TODO check that it is a constant
+    return { type: AST.Literal, value: this.consume().value };
+  },
+
+  arrayDeclaration: function() {
+    var elements = [];
+    if (this.peekToken().text !== ']') {
+      do {
+        if (this.peek(']')) {
+          // Support trailing commas per ES5.1.
+          break;
+        }
+        elements.push(this.expression());
+      } while (this.expect(','));
+    }
+    this.consume(']');
+
+    return { type: AST.ArrayExpression, elements: elements };
+  },
+
+  object: function() {
+    var properties = [], property;
+    if (this.peekToken().text !== '}') {
+      do {
+        if (this.peek('}')) {
+          // Support trailing commas per ES5.1.
+          break;
+        }
+        property = {type: AST.Property, kind: 'init'};
+        if (this.peek().constant) {
+          property.key = this.constant();
+          property.computed = false;
+          this.consume(':');
+          property.value = this.expression();
+        } else if (this.peek().identifier) {
+          property.key = this.identifier();
+          property.computed = false;
+          if (this.peek(':')) {
+            this.consume(':');
+            property.value = this.expression();
+          } else {
+            property.value = property.key;
+          }
+        } else if (this.peek('[')) {
+          this.consume('[');
+          property.key = this.expression();
+          this.consume(']');
+          property.computed = true;
+          this.consume(':');
+          property.value = this.expression();
+        } else {
+          this.throwError('invalid key', this.peek());
+        }
+        properties.push(property);
+      } while (this.expect(','));
+    }
+    this.consume('}');
+
+    return {type: AST.ObjectExpression, properties: properties };
+  },
+
+  throwError: function(msg, token) {
+    throw $parseMinErr('syntax',
+        'Syntax Error: Token \'{0}\' {1} at column {2} of the expression [{3}] starting at [{4}].',
+          token.text, msg, (token.index + 1), this.text, this.text.substring(token.index));
+  },
+
+  consume: function(e1) {
+    if (this.tokens.length === 0) {
+      throw $parseMinErr('ueoe', 'Unexpected end of expression: {0}', this.text);
+    }
+
+    var token = this.expect(e1);
+    if (!token) {
+      this.throwError('is unexpected, expecting [' + e1 + ']', this.peek());
+    }
+    return token;
+  },
+
+  peekToken: function() {
+    if (this.tokens.length === 0) {
+      throw $parseMinErr('ueoe', 'Unexpected end of expression: {0}', this.text);
+    }
+    return this.tokens[0];
+  },
+
+  peek: function(e1, e2, e3, e4) {
+    return this.peekAhead(0, e1, e2, e3, e4);
+  },
+
+  peekAhead: function(i, e1, e2, e3, e4) {
+    if (this.tokens.length > i) {
+      var token = this.tokens[i];
+      var t = token.text;
+      if (t === e1 || t === e2 || t === e3 || t === e4 ||
+          (!e1 && !e2 && !e3 && !e4)) {
+        return token;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  },
+
+  expect: function(e1, e2, e3, e4) {
+    var token = this.peek(e1, e2, e3, e4);
+    if (token) {
+      this.tokens.shift();
+      return token;
+    }
+    return false;
+  },
+
+  selfReferential: {
+    'this': {type: AST.ThisExpression },
+    '$locals': {type: AST.LocalsExpression }
+  }
+};
+
+function ifDefined(v, d) {
+  return typeof v !== 'undefined' ? v : d;
+}
+
+function plusFn(l, r) {
+  if (typeof l === 'undefined') return r;
+  if (typeof r === 'undefined') return l;
+  return l + r;
+}
+
+function isStateless($filter, filterName) {
+  var fn = $filter(filterName);
+  return !fn.$stateful;
+}
+
+var PURITY_ABSOLUTE = 1;
+var PURITY_RELATIVE = 2;
+
+// Detect nodes which could depend on non-shallow state of objects
+function isPure(node, parentIsPure) {
+  switch (node.type) {
+    // Computed members might invoke a stateful toString()
+    case AST.MemberExpression:
+      if (node.computed) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+
+    // Unary always convert to primative
+    case AST.UnaryExpression:
+      return PURITY_ABSOLUTE;
+
+    // The binary + operator can invoke a stateful toString().
+    case AST.BinaryExpression:
+      return node.operator !== '+' ? PURITY_ABSOLUTE : false;
+
+    // Functions / filters probably read state from within objects
+    case AST.CallExpression:
+      return false;
+  }
+
+  return (undefined === parentIsPure) ? PURITY_RELATIVE : parentIsPure;
+}
+
+function findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast, $filter, parentIsPure) {
+  var allConstants;
+  var argsToWatch;
+  var isStatelessFilter;
+
+  var astIsPure = ast.isPure = isPure(ast, parentIsPure);
+
+  switch (ast.type) {
+  case AST.Program:
+    allConstants = true;
+    forEach(ast.body, function(expr) {
+      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(expr.expression, $filter, astIsPure);
+      allConstants = allConstants && expr.expression.constant;
+    });
+    ast.constant = allConstants;
+    break;
+  case AST.Literal:
+    ast.constant = true;
+    ast.toWatch = [];
+    break;
+  case AST.UnaryExpression:
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.argument, $filter, astIsPure);
+    ast.constant = ast.argument.constant;
+    ast.toWatch = ast.argument.toWatch;
+    break;
+  case AST.BinaryExpression:
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.left, $filter, astIsPure);
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.right, $filter, astIsPure);
+    ast.constant = ast.left.constant && ast.right.constant;
+    ast.toWatch = ast.left.toWatch.concat(ast.right.toWatch);
+    break;
+  case AST.LogicalExpression:
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.left, $filter, astIsPure);
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.right, $filter, astIsPure);
+    ast.constant = ast.left.constant && ast.right.constant;
+    ast.toWatch = ast.constant ? [] : [ast];
+    break;
+  case AST.ConditionalExpression:
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.test, $filter, astIsPure);
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.alternate, $filter, astIsPure);
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.consequent, $filter, astIsPure);
+    ast.constant = ast.test.constant && ast.alternate.constant && ast.consequent.constant;
+    ast.toWatch = ast.constant ? [] : [ast];
+    break;
+  case AST.Identifier:
+    ast.constant = false;
+    ast.toWatch = [ast];
+    break;
+  case AST.MemberExpression:
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.object, $filter, astIsPure);
+    if (ast.computed) {
+      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.property, $filter, astIsPure);
+    }
+    ast.constant = ast.object.constant && (!ast.computed || ast.property.constant);
+    ast.toWatch = ast.constant ? [] : [ast];
+    break;
+  case AST.CallExpression:
+    isStatelessFilter = ast.filter ? isStateless($filter, ast.callee.name) : false;
+    allConstants = isStatelessFilter;
+    argsToWatch = [];
+    forEach(ast.arguments, function(expr) {
+      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(expr, $filter, astIsPure);
+      allConstants = allConstants && expr.constant;
+      argsToWatch.push.apply(argsToWatch, expr.toWatch);
+    });
+    ast.constant = allConstants;
+    ast.toWatch = isStatelessFilter ? argsToWatch : [ast];
+    break;
+  case AST.AssignmentExpression:
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.left, $filter, astIsPure);
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.right, $filter, astIsPure);
+    ast.constant = ast.left.constant && ast.right.constant;
+    ast.toWatch = [ast];
+    break;
+  case AST.ArrayExpression:
+    allConstants = true;
+    argsToWatch = [];
+    forEach(ast.elements, function(expr) {
+      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(expr, $filter, astIsPure);
+      allConstants = allConstants && expr.constant;
+      argsToWatch.push.apply(argsToWatch, expr.toWatch);
+    });
+    ast.constant = allConstants;
+    ast.toWatch = argsToWatch;
+    break;
+  case AST.ObjectExpression:
+    allConstants = true;
+    argsToWatch = [];
+    forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
+      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(property.value, $filter, astIsPure);
+      allConstants = allConstants && property.value.constant;
+      argsToWatch.push.apply(argsToWatch, property.value.toWatch);
+      if (property.computed) {
+        //`{[key]: value}` implicitly does `key.toString()` which may be non-pure
+        findConstantAndWatchExpressions(property.key, $filter, /*parentIsPure=*/false);
+        allConstants = allConstants && property.key.constant;
+        argsToWatch.push.apply(argsToWatch, property.key.toWatch);
+      }
+    });
+    ast.constant = allConstants;
+    ast.toWatch = argsToWatch;
+    break;
+  case AST.ThisExpression:
+    ast.constant = false;
+    ast.toWatch = [];
+    break;
+  case AST.LocalsExpression:
+    ast.constant = false;
+    ast.toWatch = [];
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+function getInputs(body) {
+  if (body.length !== 1) return;
+  var lastExpression = body[0].expression;
+  var candidate = lastExpression.toWatch;
+  if (candidate.length !== 1) return candidate;
+  return candidate[0] !== lastExpression ? candidate : undefined;
+}
+
+function isAssignable(ast) {
+  return ast.type === AST.Identifier || ast.type === AST.MemberExpression;
+}
+
+function assignableAST(ast) {
+  if (ast.body.length === 1 && isAssignable(ast.body[0].expression)) {
+    return {type: AST.AssignmentExpression, left: ast.body[0].expression, right: {type: AST.NGValueParameter}, operator: '='};
+  }
+}
+
+function isLiteral(ast) {
+  return ast.body.length === 0 ||
+      ast.body.length === 1 && (
+      ast.body[0].expression.type === AST.Literal ||
+      ast.body[0].expression.type === AST.ArrayExpression ||
+      ast.body[0].expression.type === AST.ObjectExpression);
+}
+
+function isConstant(ast) {
+  return ast.constant;
+}
+
+function ASTCompiler($filter) {
+  this.$filter = $filter;
+}
+
+ASTCompiler.prototype = {
+  compile: function(ast) {
+    var self = this;
+    this.state = {
+      nextId: 0,
+      filters: {},
+      fn: {vars: [], body: [], own: {}},
+      assign: {vars: [], body: [], own: {}},
+      inputs: []
+    };
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast, self.$filter);
+    var extra = '';
+    var assignable;
+    this.stage = 'assign';
+    if ((assignable = assignableAST(ast))) {
+      this.state.computing = 'assign';
+      var result = this.nextId();
+      this.recurse(assignable, result);
+      this.return_(result);
+      extra = 'fn.assign=' + this.generateFunction('assign', 's,v,l');
+    }
+    var toWatch = getInputs(ast.body);
+    self.stage = 'inputs';
+    forEach(toWatch, function(watch, key) {
+      var fnKey = 'fn' + key;
+      self.state[fnKey] = {vars: [], body: [], own: {}};
+      self.state.computing = fnKey;
+      var intoId = self.nextId();
+      self.recurse(watch, intoId);
+      self.return_(intoId);
+      self.state.inputs.push({name: fnKey, isPure: watch.isPure});
+      watch.watchId = key;
+    });
+    this.state.computing = 'fn';
+    this.stage = 'main';
+    this.recurse(ast);
+    var fnString =
+      // The build and minification steps remove the string "use strict" from the code, but this is done using a regex.
+      // This is a workaround for this until we do a better job at only removing the prefix only when we should.
+      '"' + this.USE + ' ' + this.STRICT + '";\n' +
+      this.filterPrefix() +
+      'var fn=' + this.generateFunction('fn', 's,l,a,i') +
+      extra +
+      this.watchFns() +
+      'return fn;';
+
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-new-func
+    var fn = (new Function('$filter',
+        'getStringValue',
+        'ifDefined',
+        'plus',
+        fnString))(
+          this.$filter,
+          getStringValue,
+          ifDefined,
+          plusFn);
+    this.state = this.stage = undefined;
+    return fn;
+  },
+
+  USE: 'use',
+
+  STRICT: 'strict',
+
+  watchFns: function() {
+    var result = [];
+    var inputs = this.state.inputs;
+    var self = this;
+    forEach(inputs, function(input) {
+      result.push('var ' + input.name + '=' + self.generateFunction(input.name, 's'));
+      if (input.isPure) {
+        result.push(input.name, '.isPure=' + JSON.stringify(input.isPure) + ';');
+      }
+    });
+    if (inputs.length) {
+      result.push('fn.inputs=[' + inputs.map(function(i) { return i.name; }).join(',') + '];');
+    }
+    return result.join('');
+  },
+
+  generateFunction: function(name, params) {
+    return 'function(' + params + '){' +
+        this.varsPrefix(name) +
+        this.body(name) +
+        '};';
+  },
+
+  filterPrefix: function() {
+    var parts = [];
+    var self = this;
+    forEach(this.state.filters, function(id, filter) {
+      parts.push(id + '=$filter(' + self.escape(filter) + ')');
+    });
+    if (parts.length) return 'var ' + parts.join(',') + ';';
+    return '';
+  },
+
+  varsPrefix: function(section) {
+    return this.state[section].vars.length ? 'var ' + this.state[section].vars.join(',') + ';' : '';
+  },
+
+  body: function(section) {
+    return this.state[section].body.join('');
+  },
+
+  recurse: function(ast, intoId, nameId, recursionFn, create, skipWatchIdCheck) {
+    var left, right, self = this, args, expression, computed;
+    recursionFn = recursionFn || noop;
+    if (!skipWatchIdCheck && isDefined(ast.watchId)) {
+      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+      this.if_('i',
+        this.lazyAssign(intoId, this.computedMember('i', ast.watchId)),
+        this.lazyRecurse(ast, intoId, nameId, recursionFn, create, true)
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+    switch (ast.type) {
+    case AST.Program:
+      forEach(ast.body, function(expression, pos) {
+        self.recurse(expression.expression, undefined, undefined, function(expr) { right = expr; });
+        if (pos !== ast.body.length - 1) {
+          self.current().body.push(right, ';');
+        } else {
+          self.return_(right);
+        }
+      });
+      break;
+    case AST.Literal:
+      expression = this.escape(ast.value);
+      this.assign(intoId, expression);
+      recursionFn(intoId || expression);
+      break;
+    case AST.UnaryExpression:
+      this.recurse(ast.argument, undefined, undefined, function(expr) { right = expr; });
+      expression = ast.operator + '(' + this.ifDefined(right, 0) + ')';
+      this.assign(intoId, expression);
+      recursionFn(expression);
+      break;
+    case AST.BinaryExpression:
+      this.recurse(ast.left, undefined, undefined, function(expr) { left = expr; });
+      this.recurse(ast.right, undefined, undefined, function(expr) { right = expr; });
+      if (ast.operator === '+') {
+        expression = this.plus(left, right);
+      } else if (ast.operator === '-') {
+        expression = this.ifDefined(left, 0) + ast.operator + this.ifDefined(right, 0);
+      } else {
+        expression = '(' + left + ')' + ast.operator + '(' + right + ')';
+      }
+      this.assign(intoId, expression);
+      recursionFn(expression);
+      break;
+    case AST.LogicalExpression:
+      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+      self.recurse(ast.left, intoId);
+      self.if_(ast.operator === '&&' ? intoId : self.not(intoId), self.lazyRecurse(ast.right, intoId));
+      recursionFn(intoId);
+      break;
+    case AST.ConditionalExpression:
+      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+      self.recurse(ast.test, intoId);
+      self.if_(intoId, self.lazyRecurse(ast.alternate, intoId), self.lazyRecurse(ast.consequent, intoId));
+      recursionFn(intoId);
+      break;
+    case AST.Identifier:
+      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+      if (nameId) {
+        nameId.context = self.stage === 'inputs' ? 's' : this.assign(this.nextId(), this.getHasOwnProperty('l', ast.name) + '?l:s');
+        nameId.computed = false;
+        nameId.name = ast.name;
+      }
+      self.if_(self.stage === 'inputs' || self.not(self.getHasOwnProperty('l', ast.name)),
+        function() {
+          self.if_(self.stage === 'inputs' || 's', function() {
+            if (create && create !== 1) {
+              self.if_(
+                self.isNull(self.nonComputedMember('s', ast.name)),
+                self.lazyAssign(self.nonComputedMember('s', ast.name), '{}'));
+            }
+            self.assign(intoId, self.nonComputedMember('s', ast.name));
+          });
+        }, intoId && self.lazyAssign(intoId, self.nonComputedMember('l', ast.name))
+        );
+      recursionFn(intoId);
+      break;
+    case AST.MemberExpression:
+      left = nameId && (nameId.context = this.nextId()) || this.nextId();
+      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+      self.recurse(ast.object, left, undefined, function() {
+        self.if_(self.notNull(left), function() {
+          if (ast.computed) {
+            right = self.nextId();
+            self.recurse(ast.property, right);
+            self.getStringValue(right);
+            if (create && create !== 1) {
+              self.if_(self.not(self.computedMember(left, right)), self.lazyAssign(self.computedMember(left, right), '{}'));
+            }
+            expression = self.computedMember(left, right);
+            self.assign(intoId, expression);
+            if (nameId) {
+              nameId.computed = true;
+              nameId.name = right;
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (create && create !== 1) {
+              self.if_(self.isNull(self.nonComputedMember(left, ast.property.name)), self.lazyAssign(self.nonComputedMember(left, ast.property.name), '{}'));
+            }
+            expression = self.nonComputedMember(left, ast.property.name);
+            self.assign(intoId, expression);
+            if (nameId) {
+              nameId.computed = false;
+              nameId.name = ast.property.name;
+            }
+          }
+        }, function() {
+          self.assign(intoId, 'undefined');
+        });
+        recursionFn(intoId);
+      }, !!create);
+      break;
+    case AST.CallExpression:
+      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+      if (ast.filter) {
+        right = self.filter(ast.callee.name);
+        args = [];
+        forEach(ast.arguments, function(expr) {
+          var argument = self.nextId();
+          self.recurse(expr, argument);
+          args.push(argument);
+        });
+        expression = right + '(' + args.join(',') + ')';
+        self.assign(intoId, expression);
+        recursionFn(intoId);
+      } else {
+        right = self.nextId();
+        left = {};
+        args = [];
+        self.recurse(ast.callee, right, left, function() {
+          self.if_(self.notNull(right), function() {
+            forEach(ast.arguments, function(expr) {
+              self.recurse(expr, ast.constant ? undefined : self.nextId(), undefined, function(argument) {
+                args.push(argument);
+              });
+            });
+            if (left.name) {
+              expression = self.member(left.context, left.name, left.computed) + '(' + args.join(',') + ')';
+            } else {
+              expression = right + '(' + args.join(',') + ')';
+            }
+            self.assign(intoId, expression);
+          }, function() {
+            self.assign(intoId, 'undefined');
+          });
+          recursionFn(intoId);
+        });
+      }
+      break;
+    case AST.AssignmentExpression:
+      right = this.nextId();
+      left = {};
+      this.recurse(ast.left, undefined, left, function() {
+        self.if_(self.notNull(left.context), function() {
+          self.recurse(ast.right, right);
+          expression = self.member(left.context, left.name, left.computed) + ast.operator + right;
+          self.assign(intoId, expression);
+          recursionFn(intoId || expression);
+        });
+      }, 1);
+      break;
+    case AST.ArrayExpression:
+      args = [];
+      forEach(ast.elements, function(expr) {
+        self.recurse(expr, ast.constant ? undefined : self.nextId(), undefined, function(argument) {
+          args.push(argument);
+        });
+      });
+      expression = '[' + args.join(',') + ']';
+      this.assign(intoId, expression);
+      recursionFn(intoId || expression);
+      break;
+    case AST.ObjectExpression:
+      args = [];
+      computed = false;
+      forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
+        if (property.computed) {
+          computed = true;
+        }
+      });
+      if (computed) {
+        intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+        this.assign(intoId, '{}');
+        forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
+          if (property.computed) {
+            left = self.nextId();
+            self.recurse(property.key, left);
+          } else {
+            left = property.key.type === AST.Identifier ?
+                       property.key.name :
+                       ('' + property.key.value);
+          }
+          right = self.nextId();
+          self.recurse(property.value, right);
+          self.assign(self.member(intoId, left, property.computed), right);
+        });
+      } else {
+        forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
+          self.recurse(property.value, ast.constant ? undefined : self.nextId(), undefined, function(expr) {
+            args.push(self.escape(
+                property.key.type === AST.Identifier ? property.key.name :
+                  ('' + property.key.value)) +
+                ':' + expr);
+          });
+        });
+        expression = '{' + args.join(',') + '}';
+        this.assign(intoId, expression);
+      }
+      recursionFn(intoId || expression);
+      break;
+    case AST.ThisExpression:
+      this.assign(intoId, 's');
+      recursionFn(intoId || 's');
+      break;
+    case AST.LocalsExpression:
+      this.assign(intoId, 'l');
+      recursionFn(intoId || 'l');
+      break;
+    case AST.NGValueParameter:
+      this.assign(intoId, 'v');
+      recursionFn(intoId || 'v');
+      break;
+    }
+  },
+
+  getHasOwnProperty: function(element, property) {
+    var key = element + '.' + property;
+    var own = this.current().own;
+    if (!own.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+      own[key] = this.nextId(false, element + '&&(' + this.escape(property) + ' in ' + element + ')');
+    }
+    return own[key];
+  },
+
+  assign: function(id, value) {
+    if (!id) return;
+    this.current().body.push(id, '=', value, ';');
+    return id;
+  },
+
+  filter: function(filterName) {
+    if (!this.state.filters.hasOwnProperty(filterName)) {
+      this.state.filters[filterName] = this.nextId(true);
+    }
+    return this.state.filters[filterName];
+  },
+
+  ifDefined: function(id, defaultValue) {
+    return 'ifDefined(' + id + ',' + this.escape(defaultValue) + ')';
+  },
+
+  plus: function(left, right) {
+    return 'plus(' + left + ',' + right + ')';
+  },
+
+  return_: function(id) {
+    this.current().body.push('return ', id, ';');
+  },
+
+  if_: function(test, alternate, consequent) {
+    if (test === true) {
+      alternate();
+    } else {
+      var body = this.current().body;
+      body.push('if(', test, '){');
+      alternate();
+      body.push('}');
+      if (consequent) {
+        body.push('else{');
+        consequent();
+        body.push('}');
+      }
+    }
+  },
+
+  not: function(expression) {
+    return '!(' + expression + ')';
+  },
+
+  isNull: function(expression) {
+    return expression + '==null';
+  },
+
+  notNull: function(expression) {
+    return expression + '!=null';
+  },
+
+  nonComputedMember: function(left, right) {
+    var SAFE_IDENTIFIER = /^[$_a-zA-Z][$_a-zA-Z0-9]*$/;
+    var UNSAFE_CHARACTERS = /[^$_a-zA-Z0-9]/g;
+    if (SAFE_IDENTIFIER.test(right)) {
+      return left + '.' + right;
+    } else {
+      return left  + '["' + right.replace(UNSAFE_CHARACTERS, this.stringEscapeFn) + '"]';
+    }
+  },
+
+  computedMember: function(left, right) {
+    return left + '[' + right + ']';
+  },
+
+  member: function(left, right, computed) {
+    if (computed) return this.computedMember(left, right);
+    return this.nonComputedMember(left, right);
+  },
+
+  getStringValue: function(item) {
+    this.assign(item, 'getStringValue(' + item + ')');
+  },
+
+  lazyRecurse: function(ast, intoId, nameId, recursionFn, create, skipWatchIdCheck) {
+    var self = this;
+    return function() {
+      self.recurse(ast, intoId, nameId, recursionFn, create, skipWatchIdCheck);
+    };
+  },
+
+  lazyAssign: function(id, value) {
+    var self = this;
+    return function() {
+      self.assign(id, value);
+    };
+  },
+
+  stringEscapeRegex: /[^ a-zA-Z0-9]/g,
+
+  stringEscapeFn: function(c) {
+    return '\\u' + ('0000' + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-4);
+  },
+
+  escape: function(value) {
+    if (isString(value)) return '\'' + value.replace(this.stringEscapeRegex, this.stringEscapeFn) + '\'';
+    if (isNumber(value)) return value.toString();
+    if (value === true) return 'true';
+    if (value === false) return 'false';
+    if (value === null) return 'null';
+    if (typeof value === 'undefined') return 'undefined';
+
+    throw $parseMinErr('esc', 'IMPOSSIBLE');
+  },
+
+  nextId: function(skip, init) {
+    var id = 'v' + (this.state.nextId++);
+    if (!skip) {
+      this.current().vars.push(id + (init ? '=' + init : ''));
+    }
+    return id;
+  },
+
+  current: function() {
+    return this.state[this.state.computing];
+  }
+};
+
+
+function ASTInterpreter($filter) {
+  this.$filter = $filter;
+}
+
+ASTInterpreter.prototype = {
+  compile: function(ast) {
+    var self = this;
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast, self.$filter);
+    var assignable;
+    var assign;
+    if ((assignable = assignableAST(ast))) {
+      assign = this.recurse(assignable);
+    }
+    var toWatch = getInputs(ast.body);
+    var inputs;
+    if (toWatch) {
+      inputs = [];
+      forEach(toWatch, function(watch, key) {
+        var input = self.recurse(watch);
+        input.isPure = watch.isPure;
+        watch.input = input;
+        inputs.push(input);
+        watch.watchId = key;
+      });
+    }
+    var expressions = [];
+    forEach(ast.body, function(expression) {
+      expressions.push(self.recurse(expression.expression));
+    });
+    var fn = ast.body.length === 0 ? noop :
+             ast.body.length === 1 ? expressions[0] :
+             function(scope, locals) {
+               var lastValue;
+               forEach(expressions, function(exp) {
+                 lastValue = exp(scope, locals);
+               });
+               return lastValue;
+             };
+    if (assign) {
+      fn.assign = function(scope, value, locals) {
+        return assign(scope, locals, value);
+      };
+    }
+    if (inputs) {
+      fn.inputs = inputs;
+    }
+    return fn;
+  },
+
+  recurse: function(ast, context, create) {
+    var left, right, self = this, args;
+    if (ast.input) {
+      return this.inputs(ast.input, ast.watchId);
+    }
+    switch (ast.type) {
+    case AST.Literal:
+      return this.value(ast.value, context);
+    case AST.UnaryExpression:
+      right = this.recurse(ast.argument);
+      return this['unary' + ast.operator](right, context);
+    case AST.BinaryExpression:
+      left = this.recurse(ast.left);
+      right = this.recurse(ast.right);
+      return this['binary' + ast.operator](left, right, context);
+    case AST.LogicalExpression:
+      left = this.recurse(ast.left);
+      right = this.recurse(ast.right);
+      return this['binary' + ast.operator](left, right, context);
+    case AST.ConditionalExpression:
+      return this['ternary?:'](
+        this.recurse(ast.test),
+        this.recurse(ast.alternate),
+        this.recurse(ast.consequent),
+        context
+      );
+    case AST.Identifier:
+      return self.identifier(ast.name, context, create);
+    case AST.MemberExpression:
+      left = this.recurse(ast.object, false, !!create);
+      if (!ast.computed) {
+        right = ast.property.name;
+      }
+      if (ast.computed) right = this.recurse(ast.property);
+      return ast.computed ?
+        this.computedMember(left, right, context, create) :
+        this.nonComputedMember(left, right, context, create);
+    case AST.CallExpression:
+      args = [];
+      forEach(ast.arguments, function(expr) {
+        args.push(self.recurse(expr));
+      });
+      if (ast.filter) right = this.$filter(ast.callee.name);
+      if (!ast.filter) right = this.recurse(ast.callee, true);
+      return ast.filter ?
+        function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+          var values = [];
+          for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
+            values.push(args[i](scope, locals, assign, inputs));
+          }
+          var value = right.apply(undefined, values, inputs);
+          return context ? {context: undefined, name: undefined, value: value} : value;
+        } :
+        function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+          var rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+          var value;
+          if (rhs.value != null) {
+            var values = [];
+            for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
+              values.push(args[i](scope, locals, assign, inputs));
+            }
+            value = rhs.value.apply(rhs.context, values);
+          }
+          return context ? {value: value} : value;
+        };
+    case AST.AssignmentExpression:
+      left = this.recurse(ast.left, true, 1);
+      right = this.recurse(ast.right);
+      return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+        var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+        var rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+        lhs.context[lhs.name] = rhs;
+        return context ? {value: rhs} : rhs;
+      };
+    case AST.ArrayExpression:
+      args = [];
+      forEach(ast.elements, function(expr) {
+        args.push(self.recurse(expr));
+      });
+      return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+        var value = [];
+        for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
+          value.push(args[i](scope, locals, assign, inputs));
+        }
+        return context ? {value: value} : value;
+      };
+    case AST.ObjectExpression:
+      args = [];
+      forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
+        if (property.computed) {
+          args.push({key: self.recurse(property.key),
+                     computed: true,
+                     value: self.recurse(property.value)
+          });
+        } else {
+          args.push({key: property.key.type === AST.Identifier ?
+                          property.key.name :
+                          ('' + property.key.value),
+                     computed: false,
+                     value: self.recurse(property.value)
+          });
+        }
+      });
+      return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+        var value = {};
+        for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
+          if (args[i].computed) {
+            value[args[i].key(scope, locals, assign, inputs)] = args[i].value(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+          } else {
+            value[args[i].key] = args[i].value(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+          }
+        }
+        return context ? {value: value} : value;
+      };
+    case AST.ThisExpression:
+      return function(scope) {
+        return context ? {value: scope} : scope;
+      };
+    case AST.LocalsExpression:
+      return function(scope, locals) {
+        return context ? {value: locals} : locals;
+      };
+    case AST.NGValueParameter:
+      return function(scope, locals, assign) {
+        return context ? {value: assign} : assign;
+      };
+    }
+  },
+
+  'unary+': function(argument, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = argument(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      if (isDefined(arg)) {
+        arg = +arg;
+      } else {
+        arg = 0;
+      }
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'unary-': function(argument, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = argument(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      if (isDefined(arg)) {
+        arg = -arg;
+      } else {
+        arg = -0;
+      }
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'unary!': function(argument, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = !argument(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary+': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      var rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      var arg = plusFn(lhs, rhs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary-': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      var rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      var arg = (isDefined(lhs) ? lhs : 0) - (isDefined(rhs) ? rhs : 0);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary*': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) * right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary/': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) / right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary%': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) % right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary===': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) === right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary!==': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) !== right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary==': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) == right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary!=': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) != right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary<': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) < right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary>': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) > right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary<=': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) <= right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary>=': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) >= right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary&&': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) && right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary||': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) || right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'ternary?:': function(test, alternate, consequent, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = test(scope, locals, assign, inputs) ? alternate(scope, locals, assign, inputs) : consequent(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  value: function(value, context) {
+    return function() { return context ? {context: undefined, name: undefined, value: value} : value; };
+  },
+  identifier: function(name, context, create) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var base = locals && (name in locals) ? locals : scope;
+      if (create && create !== 1 && base && base[name] == null) {
+        base[name] = {};
+      }
+      var value = base ? base[name] : undefined;
+      if (context) {
+        return {context: base, name: name, value: value};
+      } else {
+        return value;
+      }
+    };
+  },
+  computedMember: function(left, right, context, create) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      var rhs;
+      var value;
+      if (lhs != null) {
+        rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+        rhs = getStringValue(rhs);
+        if (create && create !== 1) {
+          if (lhs && !(lhs[rhs])) {
+            lhs[rhs] = {};
+          }
+        }
+        value = lhs[rhs];
+      }
+      if (context) {
+        return {context: lhs, name: rhs, value: value};
+      } else {
+        return value;
+      }
+    };
+  },
+  nonComputedMember: function(left, right, context, create) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      if (create && create !== 1) {
+        if (lhs && lhs[right] == null) {
+          lhs[right] = {};
+        }
+      }
+      var value = lhs != null ? lhs[right] : undefined;
+      if (context) {
+        return {context: lhs, name: right, value: value};
+      } else {
+        return value;
+      }
+    };
+  },
+  inputs: function(input, watchId) {
+    return function(scope, value, locals, inputs) {
+      if (inputs) return inputs[watchId];
+      return input(scope, value, locals);
+    };
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ */
+function Parser(lexer, $filter, options) {
+  this.ast = new AST(lexer, options);
+  this.astCompiler = options.csp ? new ASTInterpreter($filter) :
+                                   new ASTCompiler($filter);
+}
+
+Parser.prototype = {
+  constructor: Parser,
+
+  parse: function(text) {
+    var ast = this.getAst(text);
+    var fn = this.astCompiler.compile(ast.ast);
+    fn.literal = isLiteral(ast.ast);
+    fn.constant = isConstant(ast.ast);
+    fn.oneTime = ast.oneTime;
+    return fn;
+  },
+
+  getAst: function(exp) {
+    var oneTime = false;
+    exp = exp.trim();
+
+    if (exp.charAt(0) === ':' && exp.charAt(1) === ':') {
+      oneTime = true;
+      exp = exp.substring(2);
+    }
+    return {
+      ast: this.ast.ast(exp),
+      oneTime: oneTime
+    };
+  }
+};
+
+function getValueOf(value) {
+  return isFunction(value.valueOf) ? value.valueOf() : objectValueOf.call(value);
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $parse
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Converts AngularJS {@link guide/expression expression} into a function.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   var getter = $parse('user.name');
+ *   var setter = getter.assign;
+ *   var context = {user:{name:'AngularJS'}};
+ *   var locals = {user:{name:'local'}};
+ *
+ *   expect(getter(context)).toEqual('AngularJS');
+ *   setter(context, 'newValue');
+ *   expect(context.user.name).toEqual('newValue');
+ *   expect(getter(context, locals)).toEqual('local');
+ * ```
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+ * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
+ *
+ *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
+ *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+ *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
+ *      `context`.
+ *
+ *    The returned function also has the following properties:
+ *      * `literal` – `{boolean}` – whether the expression's top-level node is a JavaScript
+ *        literal.
+ *      * `constant` – `{boolean}` – whether the expression is made entirely of JavaScript
+ *        constant literals.
+ *      * `assign` – `{?function(context, value)}` – if the expression is assignable, this will be
+ *        set to a function to change its value on the given context.
+ *
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $parseProvider
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ * `$parseProvider` can be used for configuring the default behavior of the {@link ng.$parse $parse}
+ *  service.
+ */
+function $ParseProvider() {
+  var cache = createMap();
+  var literals = {
+    'true': true,
+    'false': false,
+    'null': null,
+    'undefined': undefined
+  };
+  var identStart, identContinue;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $parseProvider#addLiteral
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Configure $parse service to add literal values that will be present as literal at expressions.
+   *
+   * @param {string} literalName Token for the literal value. The literal name value must be a valid literal name.
+   * @param {*} literalValue Value for this literal. All literal values must be primitives or `undefined`.
+   *
+   **/
+  this.addLiteral = function(literalName, literalValue) {
+    literals[literalName] = literalValue;
+  };
+
+ /**
+  * @ngdoc method
+  * @name $parseProvider#setIdentifierFns
+  *
+  * @description
+  *
+  * Allows defining the set of characters that are allowed in AngularJS expressions. The function
+  * `identifierStart` will get called to know if a given character is a valid character to be the
+  * first character for an identifier. The function `identifierContinue` will get called to know if
+  * a given character is a valid character to be a follow-up identifier character. The functions
+  * `identifierStart` and `identifierContinue` will receive as arguments the single character to be
+  * identifier and the character code point. These arguments will be `string` and `numeric`. Keep in
+  * mind that the `string` parameter can be two characters long depending on the character
+  * representation. It is expected for the function to return `true` or `false`, whether that
+  * character is allowed or not.
+  *
+  * Since this function will be called extensively, keep the implementation of these functions fast,
+  * as the performance of these functions have a direct impact on the expressions parsing speed.
+  *
+  * @param {function=} identifierStart The function that will decide whether the given character is
+  *   a valid identifier start character.
+  * @param {function=} identifierContinue The function that will decide whether the given character is
+  *   a valid identifier continue character.
+  */
+  this.setIdentifierFns = function(identifierStart, identifierContinue) {
+    identStart = identifierStart;
+    identContinue = identifierContinue;
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  this.$get = ['$filter', function($filter) {
+    var noUnsafeEval = csp().noUnsafeEval;
+    var $parseOptions = {
+          csp: noUnsafeEval,
+          literals: copy(literals),
+          isIdentifierStart: isFunction(identStart) && identStart,
+          isIdentifierContinue: isFunction(identContinue) && identContinue
+        };
+    $parse.$$getAst = $$getAst;
+    return $parse;
+
+    function $parse(exp, interceptorFn) {
+      var parsedExpression, cacheKey;
+
+      switch (typeof exp) {
+        case 'string':
+          exp = exp.trim();
+          cacheKey = exp;
+
+          parsedExpression = cache[cacheKey];
+
+          if (!parsedExpression) {
+            var lexer = new Lexer($parseOptions);
+            var parser = new Parser(lexer, $filter, $parseOptions);
+            parsedExpression = parser.parse(exp);
+
+            cache[cacheKey] = addWatchDelegate(parsedExpression);
+          }
+          return addInterceptor(parsedExpression, interceptorFn);
+
+        case 'function':
+          return addInterceptor(exp, interceptorFn);
+
+        default:
+          return addInterceptor(noop, interceptorFn);
+      }
+    }
+
+    function $$getAst(exp) {
+      var lexer = new Lexer($parseOptions);
+      var parser = new Parser(lexer, $filter, $parseOptions);
+      return parser.getAst(exp).ast;
+    }
+
+    function expressionInputDirtyCheck(newValue, oldValueOfValue, compareObjectIdentity) {
+
+      if (newValue == null || oldValueOfValue == null) { // null/undefined
+        return newValue === oldValueOfValue;
+      }
+
+      if (typeof newValue === 'object') {
+
+        // attempt to convert the value to a primitive type
+        // TODO(docs): add a note to docs that by implementing valueOf even objects and arrays can
+        //             be cheaply dirty-checked
+        newValue = getValueOf(newValue);
+
+        if (typeof newValue === 'object' && !compareObjectIdentity) {
+          // objects/arrays are not supported - deep-watching them would be too expensive
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        // fall-through to the primitive equality check
+      }
+
+      //Primitive or NaN
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+      return newValue === oldValueOfValue || (newValue !== newValue && oldValueOfValue !== oldValueOfValue);
+    }
+
+    function inputsWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, parsedExpression, prettyPrintExpression) {
+      var inputExpressions = parsedExpression.inputs;
+      var lastResult;
+
+      if (inputExpressions.length === 1) {
+        var oldInputValueOf = expressionInputDirtyCheck; // init to something unique so that equals check fails
+        inputExpressions = inputExpressions[0];
+        return scope.$watch(function expressionInputWatch(scope) {
+          var newInputValue = inputExpressions(scope);
+          if (!expressionInputDirtyCheck(newInputValue, oldInputValueOf, inputExpressions.isPure)) {
+            lastResult = parsedExpression(scope, undefined, undefined, [newInputValue]);
+            oldInputValueOf = newInputValue && getValueOf(newInputValue);
+          }
+          return lastResult;
+        }, listener, objectEquality, prettyPrintExpression);
+      }
+
+      var oldInputValueOfValues = [];
+      var oldInputValues = [];
+      for (var i = 0, ii = inputExpressions.length; i < ii; i++) {
+        oldInputValueOfValues[i] = expressionInputDirtyCheck; // init to something unique so that equals check fails
+        oldInputValues[i] = null;
+      }
+
+      return scope.$watch(function expressionInputsWatch(scope) {
+        var changed = false;
+
+        for (var i = 0, ii = inputExpressions.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          var newInputValue = inputExpressions[i](scope);
+          if (changed || (changed = !expressionInputDirtyCheck(newInputValue, oldInputValueOfValues[i], inputExpressions[i].isPure))) {
+            oldInputValues[i] = newInputValue;
+            oldInputValueOfValues[i] = newInputValue && getValueOf(newInputValue);
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (changed) {
+          lastResult = parsedExpression(scope, undefined, undefined, oldInputValues);
+        }
+
+        return lastResult;
+      }, listener, objectEquality, prettyPrintExpression);
+    }
+
+    function oneTimeWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, parsedExpression, prettyPrintExpression) {
+      var isDone = parsedExpression.literal ? isAllDefined : isDefined;
+      var unwatch, lastValue;
+
+      var exp = parsedExpression.$$intercepted || parsedExpression;
+      var post = parsedExpression.$$interceptor || identity;
+
+      var useInputs = parsedExpression.inputs && !exp.inputs;
+
+      // Propogate the literal/inputs/constant attributes
+      // ... but not oneTime since we are handling it
+      oneTimeWatch.literal = parsedExpression.literal;
+      oneTimeWatch.constant = parsedExpression.constant;
+      oneTimeWatch.inputs = parsedExpression.inputs;
+
+      // Allow other delegates to run on this wrapped expression
+      addWatchDelegate(oneTimeWatch);
+
+      unwatch = scope.$watch(oneTimeWatch, listener, objectEquality, prettyPrintExpression);
+
+      return unwatch;
+
+      function unwatchIfDone() {
+        if (isDone(lastValue)) {
+          unwatch();
+        }
+      }
+
+      function oneTimeWatch(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+        lastValue = useInputs && inputs ? inputs[0] : exp(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+        if (isDone(lastValue)) {
+          scope.$$postDigest(unwatchIfDone);
+        }
+        return post(lastValue);
+      }
+    }
+
+    function isAllDefined(value) {
+      var allDefined = true;
+      forEach(value, function(val) {
+        if (!isDefined(val)) allDefined = false;
+      });
+      return allDefined;
+    }
+
+    function constantWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, parsedExpression) {
+      var unwatch = scope.$watch(function constantWatch(scope) {
+        unwatch();
+        return parsedExpression(scope);
+      }, listener, objectEquality);
+      return unwatch;
+    }
+
+    function addWatchDelegate(parsedExpression) {
+      if (parsedExpression.constant) {
+        parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate = constantWatchDelegate;
+      } else if (parsedExpression.oneTime) {
+        parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate = oneTimeWatchDelegate;
+      } else if (parsedExpression.inputs) {
+        parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate = inputsWatchDelegate;
+      }
+
+      return parsedExpression;
+    }
+
+    function chainInterceptors(first, second) {
+      function chainedInterceptor(value) {
+        return second(first(value));
+      }
+      chainedInterceptor.$stateful = first.$stateful || second.$stateful;
+      chainedInterceptor.$$pure = first.$$pure && second.$$pure;
+
+      return chainedInterceptor;
+    }
+
+    function addInterceptor(parsedExpression, interceptorFn) {
+      if (!interceptorFn) return parsedExpression;
+
+      // Extract any existing interceptors out of the parsedExpression
+      // to ensure the original parsedExpression is always the $$intercepted
+      if (parsedExpression.$$interceptor) {
+        interceptorFn = chainInterceptors(parsedExpression.$$interceptor, interceptorFn);
+        parsedExpression = parsedExpression.$$intercepted;
+      }
+
+      var useInputs = false;
+
+      var fn = function interceptedExpression(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+        var value = useInputs && inputs ? inputs[0] : parsedExpression(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+        return interceptorFn(value);
+      };
+
+      // Maintain references to the interceptor/intercepted
+      fn.$$intercepted = parsedExpression;
+      fn.$$interceptor = interceptorFn;
+
+      // Propogate the literal/oneTime/constant attributes
+      fn.literal = parsedExpression.literal;
+      fn.oneTime = parsedExpression.oneTime;
+      fn.constant = parsedExpression.constant;
+
+      // Treat the interceptor like filters.
+      // If it is not $stateful then only watch its inputs.
+      // If the expression itself has no inputs then use the full expression as an input.
+      if (!interceptorFn.$stateful) {
+        useInputs = !parsedExpression.inputs;
+        fn.inputs = parsedExpression.inputs ? parsedExpression.inputs : [parsedExpression];
+
+        if (!interceptorFn.$$pure) {
+          fn.inputs = fn.inputs.map(function(e) {
+              // Remove the isPure flag of inputs when it is not absolute because they are now wrapped in a
+              // non-pure interceptor function.
+              if (e.isPure === PURITY_RELATIVE) {
+                return function depurifier(s) { return e(s); };
+              }
+              return e;
+            });
+        }
+      }
+
+      return addWatchDelegate(fn);
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $q
+ * @requires $rootScope
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A service that helps you run functions asynchronously, and use their return values (or exceptions)
+ * when they are done processing.
+ *
+ * This is a [Promises/A+](https://promisesaplus.com/)-compliant implementation of promises/deferred
+ * objects inspired by [Kris Kowal's Q](https://github.com/kriskowal/q).
+ *
+ * $q can be used in two fashions --- one which is more similar to Kris Kowal's Q or jQuery's Deferred
+ * implementations, and the other which resembles ES6 (ES2015) promises to some degree.
+ *
+ * ## $q constructor
+ *
+ * The streamlined ES6 style promise is essentially just using $q as a constructor which takes a `resolver`
+ * function as the first argument. This is similar to the native Promise implementation from ES6,
+ * see [MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise).
+ *
+ * While the constructor-style use is supported, not all of the supporting methods from ES6 promises are
+ * available yet.
+ *
+ * It can be used like so:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   // for the purpose of this example let's assume that variables `$q` and `okToGreet`
+ *   // are available in the current lexical scope (they could have been injected or passed in).
+ *
+ *   function asyncGreet(name) {
+ *     // perform some asynchronous operation, resolve or reject the promise when appropriate.
+ *     return $q(function(resolve, reject) {
+ *       setTimeout(function() {
+ *         if (okToGreet(name)) {
+ *           resolve('Hello, ' + name + '!');
+ *         } else {
+ *           reject('Greeting ' + name + ' is not allowed.');
+ *         }
+ *       }, 1000);
+ *     });
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   var promise = asyncGreet('Robin Hood');
+ *   promise.then(function(greeting) {
+ *     alert('Success: ' + greeting);
+ *   }, function(reason) {
+ *     alert('Failed: ' + reason);
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Note: progress/notify callbacks are not currently supported via the ES6-style interface.
+ *
+ * Note: unlike ES6 behavior, an exception thrown in the constructor function will NOT implicitly reject the promise.
+ *
+ * However, the more traditional CommonJS-style usage is still available, and documented below.
+ *
+ * [The CommonJS Promise proposal](http://wiki.commonjs.org/wiki/Promises) describes a promise as an
+ * interface for interacting with an object that represents the result of an action that is
+ * performed asynchronously, and may or may not be finished at any given point in time.
+ *
+ * From the perspective of dealing with error handling, deferred and promise APIs are to
+ * asynchronous programming what `try`, `catch` and `throw` keywords are to synchronous programming.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   // for the purpose of this example let's assume that variables `$q` and `okToGreet`
+ *   // are available in the current lexical scope (they could have been injected or passed in).
+ *
+ *   function asyncGreet(name) {
+ *     var deferred = $q.defer();
+ *
+ *     setTimeout(function() {
+ *       deferred.notify('About to greet ' + name + '.');
+ *
+ *       if (okToGreet(name)) {
+ *         deferred.resolve('Hello, ' + name + '!');
+ *       } else {
+ *         deferred.reject('Greeting ' + name + ' is not allowed.');
+ *       }
+ *     }, 1000);
+ *
+ *     return deferred.promise;
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   var promise = asyncGreet('Robin Hood');
+ *   promise.then(function(greeting) {
+ *     alert('Success: ' + greeting);
+ *   }, function(reason) {
+ *     alert('Failed: ' + reason);
+ *   }, function(update) {
+ *     alert('Got notification: ' + update);
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * At first it might not be obvious why this extra complexity is worth the trouble. The payoff
+ * comes in the way of guarantees that promise and deferred APIs make, see
+ * https://github.com/kriskowal/uncommonjs/blob/master/promises/specification.md.
+ *
+ * Additionally the promise api allows for composition that is very hard to do with the
+ * traditional callback ([CPS](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuation-passing_style)) approach.
+ * For more on this please see the [Q documentation](https://github.com/kriskowal/q) especially the
+ * section on serial or parallel joining of promises.
+ *
+ * ## The Deferred API
+ *
+ * A new instance of deferred is constructed by calling `$q.defer()`.
+ *
+ * The purpose of the deferred object is to expose the associated Promise instance as well as APIs
+ * that can be used for signaling the successful or unsuccessful completion, as well as the status
+ * of the task.
+ *
+ * **Methods**
+ *
+ * - `resolve(value)` – resolves the derived promise with the `value`. If the value is a rejection
+ *   constructed via `$q.reject`, the promise will be rejected instead.
+ * - `reject(reason)` – rejects the derived promise with the `reason`. This is equivalent to
+ *   resolving it with a rejection constructed via `$q.reject`.
+ * - `notify(value)` - provides updates on the status of the promise's execution. This may be called
+ *   multiple times before the promise is either resolved or rejected.
+ *
+ * **Properties**
+ *
+ * - promise – `{Promise}` – promise object associated with this deferred.
+ *
+ *
+ * ## The Promise API
+ *
+ * A new promise instance is created when a deferred instance is created and can be retrieved by
+ * calling `deferred.promise`.
+ *
+ * The purpose of the promise object is to allow for interested parties to get access to the result
+ * of the deferred task when it completes.
+ *
+ * **Methods**
+ *
+ * - `then(successCallback, [errorCallback], [notifyCallback])` – regardless of when the promise was or
+ *   will be resolved or rejected, `then` calls one of the success or error callbacks asynchronously
+ *   as soon as the result is available. The callbacks are called with a single argument: the result
+ *   or rejection reason. Additionally, the notify callback may be called zero or more times to
+ *   provide a progress indication, before the promise is resolved or rejected.
+ *
+ *   This method *returns a new promise* which is resolved or rejected via the return value of the
+ *   `successCallback`, `errorCallback` (unless that value is a promise, in which case it is resolved
+ *   with the value which is resolved in that promise using
+ *   [promise chaining](http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/es6/promises/#toc-promises-queues)).
+ *   It also notifies via the return value of the `notifyCallback` method. The promise cannot be
+ *   resolved or rejected from the notifyCallback method. The errorCallback and notifyCallback
+ *   arguments are optional.
+ *
+ * - `catch(errorCallback)` – shorthand for `promise.then(null, errorCallback)`
+ *
+ * - `finally(callback, notifyCallback)` – allows you to observe either the fulfillment or rejection of a promise,
+ *   but to do so without modifying the final value. This is useful to release resources or do some
+ *   clean-up that needs to be done whether the promise was rejected or resolved. See the [full
+ *   specification](https://github.com/kriskowal/q/wiki/API-Reference#promisefinallycallback) for
+ *   more information.
+ *
+ * ## Chaining promises
+ *
+ * Because calling the `then` method of a promise returns a new derived promise, it is easily
+ * possible to create a chain of promises:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   promiseB = promiseA.then(function(result) {
+ *     return result + 1;
+ *   });
+ *
+ *   // promiseB will be resolved immediately after promiseA is resolved and its value
+ *   // will be the result of promiseA incremented by 1
+ * ```
+ *
+ * It is possible to create chains of any length and since a promise can be resolved with another
+ * promise (which will defer its resolution further), it is possible to pause/defer resolution of
+ * the promises at any point in the chain. This makes it possible to implement powerful APIs like
+ * $http's response interceptors.
+ *
+ *
+ * ## Differences between Kris Kowal's Q and $q
+ *
+ *  There are two main differences:
+ *
+ * - $q is integrated with the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope} Scope model observation
+ *   mechanism in AngularJS, which means faster propagation of resolution or rejection into your
+ *   models and avoiding unnecessary browser repaints, which would result in flickering UI.
+ * - Q has many more features than $q, but that comes at a cost of bytes. $q is tiny, but contains
+ *   all the important functionality needed for common async tasks.
+ *
+ * ## Testing
+ *
+ *  ```js
+ *    it('should simulate promise', inject(function($q, $rootScope) {
+ *      var deferred = $q.defer();
+ *      var promise = deferred.promise;
+ *      var resolvedValue;
+ *
+ *      promise.then(function(value) { resolvedValue = value; });
+ *      expect(resolvedValue).toBeUndefined();
+ *
+ *      // Simulate resolving of promise
+ *      deferred.resolve(123);
+ *      // Note that the 'then' function does not get called synchronously.
+ *      // This is because we want the promise API to always be async, whether or not
+ *      // it got called synchronously or asynchronously.
+ *      expect(resolvedValue).toBeUndefined();
+ *
+ *      // Propagate promise resolution to 'then' functions using $apply().
+ *      $rootScope.$apply();
+ *      expect(resolvedValue).toEqual(123);
+ *    }));
+ *  ```
+ *
+ * @param {function(function, function)} resolver Function which is responsible for resolving or
+ *   rejecting the newly created promise. The first parameter is a function which resolves the
+ *   promise, the second parameter is a function which rejects the promise.
+ *
+ * @returns {Promise} The newly created promise.
+ */
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $qProvider
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ */
+function $QProvider() {
+  var errorOnUnhandledRejections = true;
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$exceptionHandler', function($rootScope, $exceptionHandler) {
+    return qFactory(function(callback) {
+      $rootScope.$evalAsync(callback);
+    }, $exceptionHandler, errorOnUnhandledRejections);
+  }];
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $qProvider#errorOnUnhandledRejections
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Retrieves or overrides whether to generate an error when a rejected promise is not handled.
+   * This feature is enabled by default.
+   *
+   * @param {boolean=} value Whether to generate an error when a rejected promise is not handled.
+   * @returns {boolean|ng.$qProvider} Current value when called without a new value or self for
+   *    chaining otherwise.
+   */
+  this.errorOnUnhandledRejections = function(value) {
+    if (isDefined(value)) {
+      errorOnUnhandledRejections = value;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return errorOnUnhandledRejections;
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+/** @this */
+function $$QProvider() {
+  var errorOnUnhandledRejections = true;
+  this.$get = ['$browser', '$exceptionHandler', function($browser, $exceptionHandler) {
+    return qFactory(function(callback) {
+      $browser.defer(callback);
+    }, $exceptionHandler, errorOnUnhandledRejections);
+  }];
+
+  this.errorOnUnhandledRejections = function(value) {
+    if (isDefined(value)) {
+      errorOnUnhandledRejections = value;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return errorOnUnhandledRejections;
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a promise manager.
+ *
+ * @param {function(function)} nextTick Function for executing functions in the next turn.
+ * @param {function(...*)} exceptionHandler Function into which unexpected exceptions are passed for
+ *     debugging purposes.
+ * @param {boolean=} errorOnUnhandledRejections Whether an error should be generated on unhandled
+ *     promises rejections.
+ * @returns {object} Promise manager.
+ */
+function qFactory(nextTick, exceptionHandler, errorOnUnhandledRejections) {
+  var $qMinErr = minErr('$q', TypeError);
+  var queueSize = 0;
+  var checkQueue = [];
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ng.$q#defer
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Creates a `Deferred` object which represents a task which will finish in the future.
+   *
+   * @returns {Deferred} Returns a new instance of deferred.
+   */
+  function defer() {
+    return new Deferred();
+  }
+
+  function Deferred() {
+    var promise = this.promise = new Promise();
+    //Non prototype methods necessary to support unbound execution :/
+    this.resolve = function(val) { resolvePromise(promise, val); };
+    this.reject = function(reason) { rejectPromise(promise, reason); };
+    this.notify = function(progress) { notifyPromise(promise, progress); };
+  }
+
+
+  function Promise() {
+    this.$$state = { status: 0 };
+  }
+
+  extend(Promise.prototype, {
+    then: function(onFulfilled, onRejected, progressBack) {
+      if (isUndefined(onFulfilled) && isUndefined(onRejected) && isUndefined(progressBack)) {
+        return this;
+      }
+      var result = new Promise();
+
+      this.$$state.pending = this.$$state.pending || [];
+      this.$$state.pending.push([result, onFulfilled, onRejected, progressBack]);
+      if (this.$$state.status > 0) scheduleProcessQueue(this.$$state);
+
+      return result;
+    },
+
+    'catch': function(callback) {
+      return this.then(null, callback);
+    },
+
+    'finally': function(callback, progressBack) {
+      return this.then(function(value) {
+        return handleCallback(value, resolve, callback);
+      }, function(error) {
+        return handleCallback(error, reject, callback);
+      }, progressBack);
+    }
+  });
+
+  function processQueue(state) {
+    var fn, promise, pending;
+
+    pending = state.pending;
+    state.processScheduled = false;
+    state.pending = undefined;
+    try {
+      for (var i = 0, ii = pending.length; i < ii; ++i) {
+        markQStateExceptionHandled(state);
+        promise = pending[i][0];
+        fn = pending[i][state.status];
+        try {
+          if (isFunction(fn)) {
+            resolvePromise(promise, fn(state.value));
+          } else if (state.status === 1) {
+            resolvePromise(promise, state.value);
+          } else {
+            rejectPromise(promise, state.value);
+          }
+        } catch (e) {
+          rejectPromise(promise, e);
+          // This error is explicitly marked for being passed to the $exceptionHandler
+          if (e && e.$$passToExceptionHandler === true) {
+            exceptionHandler(e);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } finally {
+      --queueSize;
+      if (errorOnUnhandledRejections && queueSize === 0) {
+        nextTick(processChecks);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  function processChecks() {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-unmodified-loop-condition
+    while (!queueSize && checkQueue.length) {
+      var toCheck = checkQueue.shift();
+      if (!isStateExceptionHandled(toCheck)) {
+        markQStateExceptionHandled(toCheck);
+        var errorMessage = 'Possibly unhandled rejection: ' + toDebugString(toCheck.value);
+        if (isError(toCheck.value)) {
+          exceptionHandler(toCheck.value, errorMessage);
+        } else {
+          exceptionHandler(errorMessage);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  function scheduleProcessQueue(state) {
+    if (errorOnUnhandledRejections && !state.pending && state.status === 2 && !isStateExceptionHandled(state)) {
+      if (queueSize === 0 && checkQueue.length === 0) {
+        nextTick(processChecks);
+      }
+      checkQueue.push(state);
+    }
+    if (state.processScheduled || !state.pending) return;
+    state.processScheduled = true;
+    ++queueSize;
+    nextTick(function() { processQueue(state); });
+  }
+
+  function resolvePromise(promise, val) {
+    if (promise.$$state.status) return;
+    if (val === promise) {
+      $$reject(promise, $qMinErr(
+        'qcycle',
+        'Expected promise to be resolved with value other than itself \'{0}\'',
+        val));
+    } else {
+      $$resolve(promise, val);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  function $$resolve(promise, val) {
+    var then;
+    var done = false;
+    try {
+      if (isObject(val) || isFunction(val)) then = val.then;
+      if (isFunction(then)) {
+        promise.$$state.status = -1;
+        then.call(val, doResolve, doReject, doNotify);
+      } else {
+        promise.$$state.value = val;
+        promise.$$state.status = 1;
+        scheduleProcessQueue(promise.$$state);
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      doReject(e);
+    }
+
+    function doResolve(val) {
+      if (done) return;
+      done = true;
+      $$resolve(promise, val);
+    }
+    function doReject(val) {
+      if (done) return;
+      done = true;
+      $$reject(promise, val);
+    }
+    function doNotify(progress) {
+      notifyPromise(promise, progress);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function rejectPromise(promise, reason) {
+    if (promise.$$state.status) return;
+    $$reject(promise, reason);
+  }
+
+  function $$reject(promise, reason) {
+    promise.$$state.value = reason;
+    promise.$$state.status = 2;
+    scheduleProcessQueue(promise.$$state);
+  }
+
+  function notifyPromise(promise, progress) {
+    var callbacks = promise.$$state.pending;
+
+    if ((promise.$$state.status <= 0) && callbacks && callbacks.length) {
+      nextTick(function() {
+        var callback, result;
+        for (var i = 0, ii = callbacks.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          result = callbacks[i][0];
+          callback = callbacks[i][3];
+          try {
+            notifyPromise(result, isFunction(callback) ? callback(progress) : progress);
+          } catch (e) {
+            exceptionHandler(e);
+          }
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $q#reject
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Creates a promise that is resolved as rejected with the specified `reason`. This api should be
+   * used to forward rejection in a chain of promises. If you are dealing with the last promise in
+   * a promise chain, you don't need to worry about it.
+   *
+   * When comparing deferreds/promises to the familiar behavior of try/catch/throw, think of
+   * `reject` as the `throw` keyword in JavaScript. This also means that if you "catch" an error via
+   * a promise error callback and you want to forward the error to the promise derived from the
+   * current promise, you have to "rethrow" the error by returning a rejection constructed via
+   * `reject`.
+   *
+   * ```js
+   *   promiseB = promiseA.then(function(result) {
+   *     // success: do something and resolve promiseB
+   *     //          with the old or a new result
+   *     return result;
+   *   }, function(reason) {
+   *     // error: handle the error if possible and
+   *     //        resolve promiseB with newPromiseOrValue,
+   *     //        otherwise forward the rejection to promiseB
+   *     if (canHandle(reason)) {
+   *      // handle the error and recover
+   *      return newPromiseOrValue;
+   *     }
+   *     return $q.reject(reason);
+   *   });
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param {*} reason Constant, message, exception or an object representing the rejection reason.
+   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise that was already resolved as rejected with the `reason`.
+   */
+  function reject(reason) {
+    var result = new Promise();
+    rejectPromise(result, reason);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  function handleCallback(value, resolver, callback) {
+    var callbackOutput = null;
+    try {
+      if (isFunction(callback)) callbackOutput = callback();
+    } catch (e) {
+      return reject(e);
+    }
+    if (isPromiseLike(callbackOutput)) {
+      return callbackOutput.then(function() {
+        return resolver(value);
+      }, reject);
+    } else {
+      return resolver(value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $q#when
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Wraps an object that might be a value or a (3rd party) then-able promise into a $q promise.
+   * This is useful when you are dealing with an object that might or might not be a promise, or if
+   * the promise comes from a source that can't be trusted.
+   *
+   * @param {*} value Value or a promise
+   * @param {Function=} successCallback
+   * @param {Function=} errorCallback
+   * @param {Function=} progressCallback
+   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise of the passed value or promise
+   */
+
+
+  function when(value, callback, errback, progressBack) {
+    var result = new Promise();
+    resolvePromise(result, value);
+    return result.then(callback, errback, progressBack);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $q#resolve
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Alias of {@link ng.$q#when when} to maintain naming consistency with ES6.
+   *
+   * @param {*} value Value or a promise
+   * @param {Function=} successCallback
+   * @param {Function=} errorCallback
+   * @param {Function=} progressCallback
+   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise of the passed value or promise
+   */
+  var resolve = when;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $q#all
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Combines multiple promises into a single promise that is resolved when all of the input
+   * promises are resolved.
+   *
+   * @param {Array.<Promise>|Object.<Promise>} promises An array or hash of promises.
+   * @returns {Promise} Returns a single promise that will be resolved with an array/hash of values,
+   *   each value corresponding to the promise at the same index/key in the `promises` array/hash.
+   *   If any of the promises is resolved with a rejection, this resulting promise will be rejected
+   *   with the same rejection value.
+   */
+
+  function all(promises) {
+    var result = new Promise(),
+        counter = 0,
+        results = isArray(promises) ? [] : {};
+
+    forEach(promises, function(promise, key) {
+      counter++;
+      when(promise).then(function(value) {
+        results[key] = value;
+        if (!(--counter)) resolvePromise(result, results);
+      }, function(reason) {
+        rejectPromise(result, reason);
+      });
+    });
+
+    if (counter === 0) {
+      resolvePromise(result, results);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $q#race
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Returns a promise that resolves or rejects as soon as one of those promises
+   * resolves or rejects, with the value or reason from that promise.
+   *
+   * @param {Array.<Promise>|Object.<Promise>} promises An array or hash of promises.
+   * @returns {Promise} a promise that resolves or rejects as soon as one of the `promises`
+   * resolves or rejects, with the value or reason from that promise.
+   */
+
+  function race(promises) {
+    var deferred = defer();
+
+    forEach(promises, function(promise) {
+      when(promise).then(deferred.resolve, deferred.reject);
+    });
+
+    return deferred.promise;
+  }
+
+  function $Q(resolver) {
+    if (!isFunction(resolver)) {
+      throw $qMinErr('norslvr', 'Expected resolverFn, got \'{0}\'', resolver);
+    }
+
+    var promise = new Promise();
+
+    function resolveFn(value) {
+      resolvePromise(promise, value);
+    }
+
+    function rejectFn(reason) {
+      rejectPromise(promise, reason);
+    }
+
+    resolver(resolveFn, rejectFn);
+
+    return promise;
+  }
+
+  // Let's make the instanceof operator work for promises, so that
+  // `new $q(fn) instanceof $q` would evaluate to true.
+  $Q.prototype = Promise.prototype;
+
+  $Q.defer = defer;
+  $Q.reject = reject;
+  $Q.when = when;
+  $Q.resolve = resolve;
+  $Q.all = all;
+  $Q.race = race;
+
+  return $Q;
+}
+
+function isStateExceptionHandled(state) {
+  return !!state.pur;
+}
+function markQStateExceptionHandled(state) {
+  state.pur = true;
+}
+function markQExceptionHandled(q) {
+  // Built-in `$q` promises will always have a `$$state` property. This check is to allow
+  // overwriting `$q` with a different promise library (e.g. Bluebird + angular-bluebird-promises).
+  // (Currently, this is the only method that might be called with a promise, even if it is not
+  // created by the built-in `$q`.)
+  if (q.$$state) {
+    markQStateExceptionHandled(q.$$state);
+  }
+}
+
+/** @this */
+function $$RAFProvider() { //rAF
+  this.$get = ['$window', '$timeout', function($window, $timeout) {
+    var requestAnimationFrame = $window.requestAnimationFrame ||
+                                $window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame;
+
+    var cancelAnimationFrame = $window.cancelAnimationFrame ||
+                               $window.webkitCancelAnimationFrame ||
+                               $window.webkitCancelRequestAnimationFrame;
+
+    var rafSupported = !!requestAnimationFrame;
+    var raf = rafSupported
+      ? function(fn) {
+          var id = requestAnimationFrame(fn);
+          return function() {
+            cancelAnimationFrame(id);
+          };
+        }
+      : function(fn) {
+          var timer = $timeout(fn, 16.66, false); // 1000 / 60 = 16.666
+          return function() {
+            $timeout.cancel(timer);
+          };
+        };
+
+    raf.supported = rafSupported;
+
+    return raf;
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * DESIGN NOTES
+ *
+ * The design decisions behind the scope are heavily favored for speed and memory consumption.
+ *
+ * The typical use of scope is to watch the expressions, which most of the time return the same
+ * value as last time so we optimize the operation.
+ *
+ * Closures construction is expensive in terms of speed as well as memory:
+ *   - No closures, instead use prototypical inheritance for API
+ *   - Internal state needs to be stored on scope directly, which means that private state is
+ *     exposed as $$____ properties
+ *
+ * Loop operations are optimized by using while(count--) { ... }
+ *   - This means that in order to keep the same order of execution as addition we have to add
+ *     items to the array at the beginning (unshift) instead of at the end (push)
+ *
+ * Child scopes are created and removed often
+ *   - Using an array would be slow since inserts in the middle are expensive; so we use linked lists
+ *
+ * There are fewer watches than observers. This is why you don't want the observer to be implemented
+ * in the same way as watch. Watch requires return of the initialization function which is expensive
+ * to construct.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $rootScopeProvider
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Provider for the $rootScope service.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $rootScopeProvider#digestTtl
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Sets the number of `$digest` iterations the scope should attempt to execute before giving up and
+ * assuming that the model is unstable.
+ *
+ * The current default is 10 iterations.
+ *
+ * In complex applications it's possible that the dependencies between `$watch`s will result in
+ * several digest iterations. However if an application needs more than the default 10 digest
+ * iterations for its model to stabilize then you should investigate what is causing the model to
+ * continuously change during the digest.
+ *
+ * Increasing the TTL could have performance implications, so you should not change it without
+ * proper justification.
+ *
+ * @param {number} limit The number of digest iterations.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $rootScope
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Every application has a single root {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope}.
+ * All other scopes are descendant scopes of the root scope. Scopes provide separation
+ * between the model and the view, via a mechanism for watching the model for changes.
+ * They also provide event emission/broadcast and subscription facility. See the
+ * {@link guide/scope developer guide on scopes}.
+ */
+function $RootScopeProvider() {
+  var TTL = 10;
+  var $rootScopeMinErr = minErr('$rootScope');
+  var lastDirtyWatch = null;
+  var applyAsyncId = null;
+
+  this.digestTtl = function(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      TTL = value;
+    }
+    return TTL;
+  };
+
+  function createChildScopeClass(parent) {
+    function ChildScope() {
+      this.$$watchers = this.$$nextSibling =
+          this.$$childHead = this.$$childTail = null;
+      this.$$listeners = {};
+      this.$$listenerCount = {};
+      this.$$watchersCount = 0;
+      this.$id = nextUid();
+      this.$$ChildScope = null;
+      this.$$suspended = false;
+    }
+    ChildScope.prototype = parent;
+    return ChildScope;
+  }
+
+  this.$get = ['$exceptionHandler', '$parse', '$browser',
+      function($exceptionHandler, $parse, $browser) {
+
+    function destroyChildScope($event) {
+        $event.currentScope.$$destroyed = true;
+    }
+
+    function cleanUpScope($scope) {
+
+      // Support: IE 9 only
+      if (msie === 9) {
+        // There is a memory leak in IE9 if all child scopes are not disconnected
+        // completely when a scope is destroyed. So this code will recurse up through
+        // all this scopes children
+        //
+        // See issue https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/10706
+        if ($scope.$$childHead) {
+          cleanUpScope($scope.$$childHead);
+        }
+        if ($scope.$$nextSibling) {
+          cleanUpScope($scope.$$nextSibling);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // The code below works around IE9 and V8's memory leaks
+      //
+      // See:
+      // - https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2073#c26
+      // - https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/6794#issuecomment-38648909
+      // - https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/1313#issuecomment-10378451
+
+      $scope.$parent = $scope.$$nextSibling = $scope.$$prevSibling = $scope.$$childHead =
+          $scope.$$childTail = $scope.$root = $scope.$$watchers = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc type
+     * @name $rootScope.Scope
+     *
+     * @description
+     * A root scope can be retrieved using the {@link ng.$rootScope $rootScope} key from the
+     * {@link auto.$injector $injector}. Child scopes are created using the
+     * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$new $new()} method. (Most scopes are created automatically when
+     * compiled HTML template is executed.) See also the {@link guide/scope Scopes guide} for
+     * an in-depth introduction and usage examples.
+     *
+     *
+     * ## Inheritance
+     * A scope can inherit from a parent scope, as in this example:
+     * ```js
+         var parent = $rootScope;
+         var child = parent.$new();
+
+         parent.salutation = "Hello";
+         expect(child.salutation).toEqual('Hello');
+
+         child.salutation = "Welcome";
+         expect(child.salutation).toEqual('Welcome');
+         expect(parent.salutation).toEqual('Hello');
+     * ```
+     *
+     * When interacting with `Scope` in tests, additional helper methods are available on the
+     * instances of `Scope` type. See {@link ngMock.$rootScope.Scope ngMock Scope} for additional
+     * details.
+     *
+     *
+     * @param {Object.<string, function()>=} providers Map of service factory which need to be
+     *                                       provided for the current scope. Defaults to {@link ng}.
+     * @param {Object.<string, *>=} instanceCache Provides pre-instantiated services which should
+     *                              append/override services provided by `providers`. This is handy
+     *                              when unit-testing and having the need to override a default
+     *                              service.
+     * @returns {Object} Newly created scope.
+     *
+     */
+    function Scope() {
+      this.$id = nextUid();
+      this.$$phase = this.$parent = this.$$watchers =
+                     this.$$nextSibling = this.$$prevSibling =
+                     this.$$childHead = this.$$childTail = null;
+      this.$root = this;
+      this.$$destroyed = false;
+      this.$$suspended = false;
+      this.$$listeners = {};
+      this.$$listenerCount = {};
+      this.$$watchersCount = 0;
+      this.$$isolateBindings = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc property
+     * @name $rootScope.Scope#$id
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Unique scope ID (monotonically increasing) useful for debugging.
+     */
+
+     /**
+      * @ngdoc property
+      * @name $rootScope.Scope#$parent
+      *
+      * @description
+      * Reference to the parent scope.
+      */
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc property
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$root
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Reference to the root scope.
+       */
+
+    Scope.prototype = {
+      constructor: Scope,
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$new
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Creates a new child {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope}.
+       *
+       * The parent scope will propagate the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} event.
+       * The scope can be removed from the scope hierarchy using {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$destroy $destroy()}.
+       *
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$destroy $destroy()} must be called on a scope when it is
+       * desired for the scope and its child scopes to be permanently detached from the parent and
+       * thus stop participating in model change detection and listener notification by invoking.
+       *
+       * @param {boolean} isolate If true, then the scope does not prototypically inherit from the
+       *         parent scope. The scope is isolated, as it can not see parent scope properties.
+       *         When creating widgets, it is useful for the widget to not accidentally read parent
+       *         state.
+       *
+       * @param {Scope} [parent=this] The {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope `Scope`} that will be the `$parent`
+       *                              of the newly created scope. Defaults to `this` scope if not provided.
+       *                              This is used when creating a transclude scope to correctly place it
+       *                              in the scope hierarchy while maintaining the correct prototypical
+       *                              inheritance.
+       *
+       * @returns {Object} The newly created child scope.
+       *
+       */
+      $new: function(isolate, parent) {
+        var child;
+
+        parent = parent || this;
+
+        if (isolate) {
+          child = new Scope();
+          child.$root = this.$root;
+        } else {
+          // Only create a child scope class if somebody asks for one,
+          // but cache it to allow the VM to optimize lookups.
+          if (!this.$$ChildScope) {
+            this.$$ChildScope = createChildScopeClass(this);
+          }
+          child = new this.$$ChildScope();
+        }
+        child.$parent = parent;
+        child.$$prevSibling = parent.$$childTail;
+        if (parent.$$childHead) {
+          parent.$$childTail.$$nextSibling = child;
+          parent.$$childTail = child;
+        } else {
+          parent.$$childHead = parent.$$childTail = child;
+        }
+
+        // When the new scope is not isolated or we inherit from `this`, and
+        // the parent scope is destroyed, the property `$$destroyed` is inherited
+        // prototypically. In all other cases, this property needs to be set
+        // when the parent scope is destroyed.
+        // The listener needs to be added after the parent is set
+        if (isolate || parent !== this) child.$on('$destroy', destroyChildScope);
+
+        return child;
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watch
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Registers a `listener` callback to be executed whenever the `watchExpression` changes.
+       *
+       * - The `watchExpression` is called on every call to {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest
+       *   $digest()} and should return the value that will be watched. (`watchExpression` should not change
+       *   its value when executed multiple times with the same input because it may be executed multiple
+       *   times by {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()}. That is, `watchExpression` should be
+       *   [idempotent](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idempotence).)
+       * - The `listener` is called only when the value from the current `watchExpression` and the
+       *   previous call to `watchExpression` are not equal (with the exception of the initial run,
+       *   see below). Inequality is determined according to reference inequality,
+       *   [strict comparison](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Comparison_Operators)
+       *    via the `!==` Javascript operator, unless `objectEquality == true`
+       *   (see next point)
+       * - When `objectEquality == true`, inequality of the `watchExpression` is determined
+       *   according to the {@link angular.equals} function. To save the value of the object for
+       *   later comparison, the {@link angular.copy} function is used. This therefore means that
+       *   watching complex objects will have adverse memory and performance implications.
+       * - This should not be used to watch for changes in objects that are (or contain)
+       *   [File](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/File) objects due to limitations with {@link angular.copy `angular.copy`}.
+       * - The watch `listener` may change the model, which may trigger other `listener`s to fire.
+       *   This is achieved by rerunning the watchers until no changes are detected. The rerun
+       *   iteration limit is 10 to prevent an infinite loop deadlock.
+       *
+       *
+       * If you want to be notified whenever {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} is called,
+       * you can register a `watchExpression` function with no `listener`. (Be prepared for
+       * multiple calls to your `watchExpression` because it will execute multiple times in a
+       * single {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle if a change is detected.)
+       *
+       * After a watcher is registered with the scope, the `listener` fn is called asynchronously
+       * (via {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$evalAsync $evalAsync}) to initialize the
+       * watcher. In rare cases, this is undesirable because the listener is called when the result
+       * of `watchExpression` didn't change. To detect this scenario within the `listener` fn, you
+       * can compare the `newVal` and `oldVal`. If these two values are identical (`===`) then the
+       * listener was called due to initialization.
+       *
+       *
+       *
+       * @example
+       * ```js
+           // let's assume that scope was dependency injected as the $rootScope
+           var scope = $rootScope;
+           scope.name = 'misko';
+           scope.counter = 0;
+
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
+           scope.$watch('name', function(newValue, oldValue) {
+             scope.counter = scope.counter + 1;
+           });
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
+
+           scope.$digest();
+           // the listener is always called during the first $digest loop after it was registered
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
+
+           scope.$digest();
+           // but now it will not be called unless the value changes
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
+
+           scope.name = 'adam';
+           scope.$digest();
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(2);
+
+
+
+           // Using a function as a watchExpression
+           var food;
+           scope.foodCounter = 0;
+           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
+           scope.$watch(
+             // This function returns the value being watched. It is called for each turn of the $digest loop
+             function() { return food; },
+             // This is the change listener, called when the value returned from the above function changes
+             function(newValue, oldValue) {
+               if ( newValue !== oldValue ) {
+                 // Only increment the counter if the value changed
+                 scope.foodCounter = scope.foodCounter + 1;
+               }
+             }
+           );
+           // No digest has been run so the counter will be zero
+           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
+
+           // Run the digest but since food has not changed count will still be zero
+           scope.$digest();
+           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
+
+           // Update food and run digest.  Now the counter will increment
+           food = 'cheeseburger';
+           scope.$digest();
+           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(1);
+
+       * ```
+       *
+       *
+       *
+       * @param {(function()|string)} watchExpression Expression that is evaluated on each
+       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle. A change in the return value triggers
+       *    a call to the `listener`.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: Evaluated as {@link guide/expression expression}
+       *    - `function(scope)`: called with current `scope` as a parameter.
+       * @param {function(newVal, oldVal, scope)} listener Callback called whenever the value
+       *    of `watchExpression` changes.
+       *
+       *    - `newVal` contains the current value of the `watchExpression`
+       *    - `oldVal` contains the previous value of the `watchExpression`
+       *    - `scope` refers to the current scope
+       * @param {boolean=} [objectEquality=false] Compare for object equality using {@link angular.equals} instead of
+       *     comparing for reference equality.
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this listener.
+       */
+      $watch: function(watchExp, listener, objectEquality, prettyPrintExpression) {
+        var get = $parse(watchExp);
+        var fn = isFunction(listener) ? listener : noop;
+
+        if (get.$$watchDelegate) {
+          return get.$$watchDelegate(this, fn, objectEquality, get, watchExp);
+        }
+        var scope = this,
+            array = scope.$$watchers,
+            watcher = {
+              fn: fn,
+              last: initWatchVal,
+              get: get,
+              exp: prettyPrintExpression || watchExp,
+              eq: !!objectEquality
+            };
+
+        lastDirtyWatch = null;
+
+        if (!array) {
+          array = scope.$$watchers = [];
+          array.$$digestWatchIndex = -1;
+        }
+        // we use unshift since we use a while loop in $digest for speed.
+        // the while loop reads in reverse order.
+        array.unshift(watcher);
+        array.$$digestWatchIndex++;
+        incrementWatchersCount(this, 1);
+
+        return function deregisterWatch() {
+          var index = arrayRemove(array, watcher);
+          if (index >= 0) {
+            incrementWatchersCount(scope, -1);
+            if (index < array.$$digestWatchIndex) {
+              array.$$digestWatchIndex--;
+            }
+          }
+          lastDirtyWatch = null;
+        };
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watchGroup
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * A variant of {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch $watch()} where it watches an array of `watchExpressions`.
+       * If any one expression in the collection changes the `listener` is executed.
+       *
+       * - The items in the `watchExpressions` array are observed via the standard `$watch` operation. Their return
+       *   values are examined for changes on every call to `$digest`.
+       * - The `listener` is called whenever any expression in the `watchExpressions` array changes.
+       *
+       * @param {Array.<string|Function(scope)>} watchExpressions Array of expressions that will be individually
+       * watched using {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch $watch()}
+       *
+       * @param {function(newValues, oldValues, scope)} listener Callback called whenever the return value of any
+       *    expression in `watchExpressions` changes
+       *    The `newValues` array contains the current values of the `watchExpressions`, with the indexes matching
+       *    those of `watchExpression`
+       *    and the `oldValues` array contains the previous values of the `watchExpressions`, with the indexes matching
+       *    those of `watchExpression`
+       *    The `scope` refers to the current scope.
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a de-registration function for all listeners.
+       */
+      $watchGroup: function(watchExpressions, listener) {
+        var oldValues = new Array(watchExpressions.length);
+        var newValues = new Array(watchExpressions.length);
+        var deregisterFns = [];
+        var self = this;
+        var changeReactionScheduled = false;
+        var firstRun = true;
+
+        if (!watchExpressions.length) {
+          // No expressions means we call the listener ASAP
+          var shouldCall = true;
+          self.$evalAsync(function() {
+            if (shouldCall) listener(newValues, newValues, self);
+          });
+          return function deregisterWatchGroup() {
+            shouldCall = false;
+          };
+        }
+
+        if (watchExpressions.length === 1) {
+          // Special case size of one
+          return this.$watch(watchExpressions[0], function watchGroupAction(value, oldValue, scope) {
+            newValues[0] = value;
+            oldValues[0] = oldValue;
+            listener(newValues, (value === oldValue) ? newValues : oldValues, scope);
+          });
+        }
+
+        forEach(watchExpressions, function(expr, i) {
+          var unwatchFn = self.$watch(expr, function watchGroupSubAction(value) {
+            newValues[i] = value;
+            if (!changeReactionScheduled) {
+              changeReactionScheduled = true;
+              self.$evalAsync(watchGroupAction);
+            }
+          });
+          deregisterFns.push(unwatchFn);
+        });
+
+        function watchGroupAction() {
+          changeReactionScheduled = false;
+
+          try {
+            if (firstRun) {
+              firstRun = false;
+              listener(newValues, newValues, self);
+            } else {
+              listener(newValues, oldValues, self);
+            }
+          } finally {
+            for (var i = 0; i < watchExpressions.length; i++) {
+              oldValues[i] = newValues[i];
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        return function deregisterWatchGroup() {
+          while (deregisterFns.length) {
+            deregisterFns.shift()();
+          }
+        };
+      },
+
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watchCollection
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Shallow watches the properties of an object and fires whenever any of the properties change
+       * (for arrays, this implies watching the array items; for object maps, this implies watching
+       * the properties). If a change is detected, the `listener` callback is fired.
+       *
+       * - The `obj` collection is observed via standard $watch operation and is examined on every
+       *   call to $digest() to see if any items have been added, removed, or moved.
+       * - The `listener` is called whenever anything within the `obj` has changed. Examples include
+       *   adding, removing, and moving items belonging to an object or array.
+       *
+       *
+       * @example
+       * ```js
+          $scope.names = ['igor', 'matias', 'misko', 'james'];
+          $scope.dataCount = 4;
+
+          $scope.$watchCollection('names', function(newNames, oldNames) {
+            $scope.dataCount = newNames.length;
+          });
+
+          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(4);
+          $scope.$digest();
+
+          //still at 4 ... no changes
+          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(4);
+
+          $scope.names.pop();
+          $scope.$digest();
+
+          //now there's been a change
+          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(3);
+       * ```
+       *
+       *
+       * @param {string|function(scope)} obj Evaluated as {@link guide/expression expression}. The
+       *    expression value should evaluate to an object or an array which is observed on each
+       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle. Any shallow change within the
+       *    collection will trigger a call to the `listener`.
+       *
+       * @param {function(newCollection, oldCollection, scope)} listener a callback function called
+       *    when a change is detected.
+       *    - The `newCollection` object is the newly modified data obtained from the `obj` expression
+       *    - The `oldCollection` object is a copy of the former collection data.
+       *      Due to performance considerations, the`oldCollection` value is computed only if the
+       *      `listener` function declares two or more arguments.
+       *    - The `scope` argument refers to the current scope.
+       *
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a de-registration function for this listener. When the
+       *    de-registration function is executed, the internal watch operation is terminated.
+       */
+      $watchCollection: function(obj, listener) {
+        // Mark the interceptor as
+        // ... $$pure when literal since the instance will change when any input changes
+        $watchCollectionInterceptor.$$pure = $parse(obj).literal;
+        // ... $stateful when non-literal since we must read the state of the collection
+        $watchCollectionInterceptor.$stateful = !$watchCollectionInterceptor.$$pure;
+
+        var self = this;
+        // the current value, updated on each dirty-check run
+        var newValue;
+        // a shallow copy of the newValue from the last dirty-check run,
+        // updated to match newValue during dirty-check run
+        var oldValue;
+        // a shallow copy of the newValue from when the last change happened
+        var veryOldValue;
+        // only track veryOldValue if the listener is asking for it
+        var trackVeryOldValue = (listener.length > 1);
+        var changeDetected = 0;
+        var changeDetector = $parse(obj, $watchCollectionInterceptor);
+        var internalArray = [];
+        var internalObject = {};
+        var initRun = true;
+        var oldLength = 0;
+
+        function $watchCollectionInterceptor(_value) {
+          newValue = _value;
+          var newLength, key, bothNaN, newItem, oldItem;
+
+          // If the new value is undefined, then return undefined as the watch may be a one-time watch
+          if (isUndefined(newValue)) return;
+
+          if (!isObject(newValue)) { // if primitive
+            if (oldValue !== newValue) {
+              oldValue = newValue;
+              changeDetected++;
+            }
+          } else if (isArrayLike(newValue)) {
+            if (oldValue !== internalArray) {
+              // we are transitioning from something which was not an array into array.
+              oldValue = internalArray;
+              oldLength = oldValue.length = 0;
+              changeDetected++;
+            }
+
+            newLength = newValue.length;
+
+            if (oldLength !== newLength) {
+              // if lengths do not match we need to trigger change notification
+              changeDetected++;
+              oldValue.length = oldLength = newLength;
+            }
+            // copy the items to oldValue and look for changes.
+            for (var i = 0; i < newLength; i++) {
+              oldItem = oldValue[i];
+              newItem = newValue[i];
+
+              // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+              bothNaN = (oldItem !== oldItem) && (newItem !== newItem);
+              if (!bothNaN && (oldItem !== newItem)) {
+                changeDetected++;
+                oldValue[i] = newItem;
+              }
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (oldValue !== internalObject) {
+              // we are transitioning from something which was not an object into object.
+              oldValue = internalObject = {};
+              oldLength = 0;
+              changeDetected++;
+            }
+            // copy the items to oldValue and look for changes.
+            newLength = 0;
+            for (key in newValue) {
+              if (hasOwnProperty.call(newValue, key)) {
+                newLength++;
+                newItem = newValue[key];
+                oldItem = oldValue[key];
+
+                if (key in oldValue) {
+                  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+                  bothNaN = (oldItem !== oldItem) && (newItem !== newItem);
+                  if (!bothNaN && (oldItem !== newItem)) {
+                    changeDetected++;
+                    oldValue[key] = newItem;
+                  }
+                } else {
+                  oldLength++;
+                  oldValue[key] = newItem;
+                  changeDetected++;
+                }
+              }
+            }
+            if (oldLength > newLength) {
+              // we used to have more keys, need to find them and destroy them.
+              changeDetected++;
+              for (key in oldValue) {
+                if (!hasOwnProperty.call(newValue, key)) {
+                  oldLength--;
+                  delete oldValue[key];
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          return changeDetected;
+        }
+
+        function $watchCollectionAction() {
+          if (initRun) {
+            initRun = false;
+            listener(newValue, newValue, self);
+          } else {
+            listener(newValue, veryOldValue, self);
+          }
+
+          // make a copy for the next time a collection is changed
+          if (trackVeryOldValue) {
+            if (!isObject(newValue)) {
+              //primitive
+              veryOldValue = newValue;
+            } else if (isArrayLike(newValue)) {
+              veryOldValue = new Array(newValue.length);
+              for (var i = 0; i < newValue.length; i++) {
+                veryOldValue[i] = newValue[i];
+              }
+            } else { // if object
+              veryOldValue = {};
+              for (var key in newValue) {
+                if (hasOwnProperty.call(newValue, key)) {
+                  veryOldValue[key] = newValue[key];
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        return this.$watch(changeDetector, $watchCollectionAction);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$digest
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Processes all of the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watchers} of the current scope and
+       * its children. Because a {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watcher}'s listener can change
+       * the model, the `$digest()` keeps calling the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watchers}
+       * until no more listeners are firing. This means that it is possible to get into an infinite
+       * loop. This function will throw `'Maximum iteration limit exceeded.'` if the number of
+       * iterations exceeds 10.
+       *
+       * Usually, you don't call `$digest()` directly in
+       * {@link ng.directive:ngController controllers} or in
+       * {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive directives}.
+       * Instead, you should call {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply $apply()} (typically from within
+       * a {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive directive}), which will force a `$digest()`.
+       *
+       * If you want to be notified whenever `$digest()` is called,
+       * you can register a `watchExpression` function with
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch $watch()} with no `listener`.
+       *
+       * In unit tests, you may need to call `$digest()` to simulate the scope life cycle.
+       *
+       * @example
+       * ```js
+           var scope = ...;
+           scope.name = 'misko';
+           scope.counter = 0;
+
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
+           scope.$watch('name', function(newValue, oldValue) {
+             scope.counter = scope.counter + 1;
+           });
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
+
+           scope.$digest();
+           // the listener is always called during the first $digest loop after it was registered
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
+
+           scope.$digest();
+           // but now it will not be called unless the value changes
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
+
+           scope.name = 'adam';
+           scope.$digest();
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(2);
+       * ```
+       *
+       */
+      $digest: function() {
+        var watch, value, last, fn, get,
+            watchers,
+            dirty, ttl = TTL,
+            next, current, target = asyncQueue.length ? $rootScope : this,
+            watchLog = [],
+            logIdx, asyncTask;
+
+        beginPhase('$digest');
+        // Check for changes to browser url that happened in sync before the call to $digest
+        $browser.$$checkUrlChange();
+
+        if (this === $rootScope && applyAsyncId !== null) {
+          // If this is the root scope, and $applyAsync has scheduled a deferred $apply(), then
+          // cancel the scheduled $apply and flush the queue of expressions to be evaluated.
+          $browser.defer.cancel(applyAsyncId);
+          flushApplyAsync();
+        }
+
+        lastDirtyWatch = null;
+
+        do { // "while dirty" loop
+          dirty = false;
+          current = target;
+
+          // It's safe for asyncQueuePosition to be a local variable here because this loop can't
+          // be reentered recursively. Calling $digest from a function passed to $evalAsync would
+          // lead to a '$digest already in progress' error.
+          for (var asyncQueuePosition = 0; asyncQueuePosition < asyncQueue.length; asyncQueuePosition++) {
+            try {
+              asyncTask = asyncQueue[asyncQueuePosition];
+              fn = asyncTask.fn;
+              fn(asyncTask.scope, asyncTask.locals);
+            } catch (e) {
+              $exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+            lastDirtyWatch = null;
+          }
+          asyncQueue.length = 0;
+
+          traverseScopesLoop:
+          do { // "traverse the scopes" loop
+            if ((watchers = !current.$$suspended && current.$$watchers)) {
+              // process our watches
+              watchers.$$digestWatchIndex = watchers.length;
+              while (watchers.$$digestWatchIndex--) {
+                try {
+                  watch = watchers[watchers.$$digestWatchIndex];
+                  // Most common watches are on primitives, in which case we can short
+                  // circuit it with === operator, only when === fails do we use .equals
+                  if (watch) {
+                    get = watch.get;
+                    if ((value = get(current)) !== (last = watch.last) &&
+                        !(watch.eq
+                            ? equals(value, last)
+                            : (isNumberNaN(value) && isNumberNaN(last)))) {
+                      dirty = true;
+                      lastDirtyWatch = watch;
+                      watch.last = watch.eq ? copy(value, null) : value;
+                      fn = watch.fn;
+                      fn(value, ((last === initWatchVal) ? value : last), current);
+                      if (ttl < 5) {
+                        logIdx = 4 - ttl;
+                        if (!watchLog[logIdx]) watchLog[logIdx] = [];
+                        watchLog[logIdx].push({
+                          msg: isFunction(watch.exp) ? 'fn: ' + (watch.exp.name || watch.exp.toString()) : watch.exp,
+                          newVal: value,
+                          oldVal: last
+                        });
+                      }
+                    } else if (watch === lastDirtyWatch) {
+                      // If the most recently dirty watcher is now clean, short circuit since the remaining watchers
+                      // have already been tested.
+                      dirty = false;
+                      break traverseScopesLoop;
+                    }
+                  }
+                } catch (e) {
+                  $exceptionHandler(e);
+                }
+              }
+            }
+
+            // Insanity Warning: scope depth-first traversal
+            // yes, this code is a bit crazy, but it works and we have tests to prove it!
+            // this piece should be kept in sync with the traversal in $broadcast
+            // (though it differs due to having the extra check for $$suspended and does not
+            // check $$listenerCount)
+            if (!(next = ((!current.$$suspended && current.$$watchersCount && current.$$childHead) ||
+                (current !== target && current.$$nextSibling)))) {
+              while (current !== target && !(next = current.$$nextSibling)) {
+                current = current.$parent;
+              }
+            }
+          } while ((current = next));
+
+          // `break traverseScopesLoop;` takes us to here
+
+          if ((dirty || asyncQueue.length) && !(ttl--)) {
+            clearPhase();
+            throw $rootScopeMinErr('infdig',
+                '{0} $digest() iterations reached. Aborting!\n' +
+                'Watchers fired in the last 5 iterations: {1}',
+                TTL, watchLog);
+          }
+
+        } while (dirty || asyncQueue.length);
+
+        clearPhase();
+
+        // postDigestQueuePosition isn't local here because this loop can be reentered recursively.
+        while (postDigestQueuePosition < postDigestQueue.length) {
+          try {
+            postDigestQueue[postDigestQueuePosition++]();
+          } catch (e) {
+            $exceptionHandler(e);
+          }
+        }
+        postDigestQueue.length = postDigestQueuePosition = 0;
+
+        // Check for changes to browser url that happened during the $digest
+        // (for which no event is fired; e.g. via `history.pushState()`)
+        $browser.$$checkUrlChange();
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$suspend
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Suspend watchers of this scope subtree so that they will not be invoked during digest.
+       *
+       * This can be used to optimize your application when you know that running those watchers
+       * is redundant.
+       *
+       * **Warning**
+       *
+       * Suspending scopes from the digest cycle can have unwanted and difficult to debug results.
+       * Only use this approach if you are confident that you know what you are doing and have
+       * ample tests to ensure that bindings get updated as you expect.
+       *
+       * Some of the things to consider are:
+       *
+       * * Any external event on a directive/component will not trigger a digest while the hosting
+       *   scope is suspended - even if the event handler calls `$apply()` or `$rootScope.$digest()`.
+       * * Transcluded content exists on a scope that inherits from outside a directive but exists
+       *   as a child of the directive's containing scope. If the containing scope is suspended the
+       *   transcluded scope will also be suspended, even if the scope from which the transcluded
+       *   scope inherits is not suspended.
+       * * Multiple directives trying to manage the suspended status of a scope can confuse each other:
+       *    * A call to `$suspend()` on an already suspended scope is a no-op.
+       *    * A call to `$resume()` on a non-suspended scope is a no-op.
+       *    * If two directives suspend a scope, then one of them resumes the scope, the scope will no
+       *      longer be suspended. This could result in the other directive believing a scope to be
+       *      suspended when it is not.
+       * * If a parent scope is suspended then all its descendants will be also excluded from future
+       *   digests whether or not they have been suspended themselves. Note that this also applies to
+       *   isolate child scopes.
+       * * Calling `$digest()` directly on a descendant of a suspended scope will still run the watchers
+       *   for that scope and its descendants. When digesting we only check whether the current scope is
+       *   locally suspended, rather than checking whether it has a suspended ancestor.
+       * * Calling `$resume()` on a scope that has a suspended ancestor will not cause the scope to be
+       *   included in future digests until all its ancestors have been resumed.
+       * * Resolved promises, e.g. from explicit `$q` deferreds and `$http` calls, trigger `$apply()`
+       *   against the `$rootScope` and so will still trigger a global digest even if the promise was
+       *   initiated by a component that lives on a suspended scope.
+       */
+      $suspend: function() {
+        this.$$suspended = true;
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$isSuspended
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Call this method to determine if this scope has been explicitly suspended. It will not
+       * tell you whether an ancestor has been suspended.
+       * To determine if this scope will be excluded from a digest triggered at the $rootScope,
+       * for example, you must check all its ancestors:
+       *
+       * ```
+       * function isExcludedFromDigest(scope) {
+       *   while(scope) {
+       *     if (scope.$isSuspended()) return true;
+       *     scope = scope.$parent;
+       *   }
+       *   return false;
+       * ```
+       *
+       * Be aware that a scope may not be included in digests if it has a suspended ancestor,
+       * even if `$isSuspended()` returns false.
+       *
+       * @returns true if the current scope has been suspended.
+       */
+      $isSuspended: function() {
+        return this.$$suspended;
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$resume
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Resume watchers of this scope subtree in case it was suspended.
+       *
+       * See {@link $rootScope.Scope#$suspend} for information about the dangers of using this approach.
+       */
+      $resume: function() {
+        this.$$suspended = false;
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc event
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$destroy
+       * @eventType broadcast on scope being destroyed
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Broadcasted when a scope and its children are being destroyed.
+       *
+       * Note that, in AngularJS, there is also a `$destroy` jQuery event, which can be used to
+       * clean up DOM bindings before an element is removed from the DOM.
+       */
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$destroy
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Removes the current scope (and all of its children) from the parent scope. Removal implies
+       * that calls to {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} will no longer
+       * propagate to the current scope and its children. Removal also implies that the current
+       * scope is eligible for garbage collection.
+       *
+       * The `$destroy()` is usually used by directives such as
+       * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat} for managing the
+       * unrolling of the loop.
+       *
+       * Just before a scope is destroyed, a `$destroy` event is broadcasted on this scope.
+       * Application code can register a `$destroy` event handler that will give it a chance to
+       * perform any necessary cleanup.
+       *
+       * Note that, in AngularJS, there is also a `$destroy` jQuery event, which can be used to
+       * clean up DOM bindings before an element is removed from the DOM.
+       */
+      $destroy: function() {
+        // We can't destroy a scope that has been already destroyed.
+        if (this.$$destroyed) return;
+        var parent = this.$parent;
+
+        this.$broadcast('$destroy');
+        this.$$destroyed = true;
+
+        if (this === $rootScope) {
+          //Remove handlers attached to window when $rootScope is removed
+          $browser.$$applicationDestroyed();
+        }
+
+        incrementWatchersCount(this, -this.$$watchersCount);
+        for (var eventName in this.$$listenerCount) {
+          decrementListenerCount(this, this.$$listenerCount[eventName], eventName);
+        }
+
+        // sever all the references to parent scopes (after this cleanup, the current scope should
+        // not be retained by any of our references and should be eligible for garbage collection)
+        if (parent && parent.$$childHead === this) parent.$$childHead = this.$$nextSibling;
+        if (parent && parent.$$childTail === this) parent.$$childTail = this.$$prevSibling;
+        if (this.$$prevSibling) this.$$prevSibling.$$nextSibling = this.$$nextSibling;
+        if (this.$$nextSibling) this.$$nextSibling.$$prevSibling = this.$$prevSibling;
+
+        // Disable listeners, watchers and apply/digest methods
+        this.$destroy = this.$digest = this.$apply = this.$evalAsync = this.$applyAsync = noop;
+        this.$on = this.$watch = this.$watchGroup = function() { return noop; };
+        this.$$listeners = {};
+
+        // Disconnect the next sibling to prevent `cleanUpScope` destroying those too
+        this.$$nextSibling = null;
+        cleanUpScope(this);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$eval
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Executes the `expression` on the current scope and returns the result. Any exceptions in
+       * the expression are propagated (uncaught). This is useful when evaluating AngularJS
+       * expressions.
+       *
+       * @example
+       * ```js
+           var scope = ng.$rootScope.Scope();
+           scope.a = 1;
+           scope.b = 2;
+
+           expect(scope.$eval('a+b')).toEqual(3);
+           expect(scope.$eval(function(scope){ return scope.a + scope.b; })).toEqual(3);
+       * ```
+       *
+       * @param {(string|function())=} expression An AngularJS expression to be executed.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in  {@link guide/expression expression}.
+       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with the current `scope` parameter.
+       *
+       * @param {(object)=} locals Local variables object, useful for overriding values in scope.
+       * @returns {*} The result of evaluating the expression.
+       */
+      $eval: function(expr, locals) {
+        return $parse(expr)(this, locals);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$evalAsync
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Executes the expression on the current scope at a later point in time.
+       *
+       * The `$evalAsync` makes no guarantees as to when the `expression` will be executed, only
+       * that:
+       *
+       *   - it will execute after the function that scheduled the evaluation (preferably before DOM
+       *     rendering).
+       *   - at least one {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest cycle} will be performed after
+       *     `expression` execution.
+       *
+       * Any exceptions from the execution of the expression are forwarded to the
+       * {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+       *
+       * __Note:__ if this function is called outside of a `$digest` cycle, a new `$digest` cycle
+       * will be scheduled. However, it is encouraged to always call code that changes the model
+       * from within an `$apply` call. That includes code evaluated via `$evalAsync`.
+       *
+       * @param {(string|function())=} expression An AngularJS expression to be executed.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
+       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with the current `scope` parameter.
+       *
+       * @param {(object)=} locals Local variables object, useful for overriding values in scope.
+       */
+      $evalAsync: function(expr, locals) {
+        // if we are outside of an $digest loop and this is the first time we are scheduling async
+        // task also schedule async auto-flush
+        if (!$rootScope.$$phase && !asyncQueue.length) {
+          $browser.defer(function() {
+            if (asyncQueue.length) {
+              $rootScope.$digest();
+            }
+          }, null, '$evalAsync');
+        }
+
+        asyncQueue.push({scope: this, fn: $parse(expr), locals: locals});
+      },
+
+      $$postDigest: function(fn) {
+        postDigestQueue.push(fn);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$apply
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * `$apply()` is used to execute an expression in AngularJS from outside of the AngularJS
+       * framework. (For example from browser DOM events, setTimeout, XHR or third party libraries).
+       * Because we are calling into the AngularJS framework we need to perform proper scope life
+       * cycle of {@link ng.$exceptionHandler exception handling},
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest executing watches}.
+       *
+       * **Life cycle: Pseudo-Code of `$apply()`**
+       *
+       * ```js
+           function $apply(expr) {
+             try {
+               return $eval(expr);
+             } catch (e) {
+               $exceptionHandler(e);
+             } finally {
+               $root.$digest();
+             }
+           }
+       * ```
+       *
+       *
+       * Scope's `$apply()` method transitions through the following stages:
+       *
+       * 1. The {@link guide/expression expression} is executed using the
+       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$eval $eval()} method.
+       * 2. Any exceptions from the execution of the expression are forwarded to the
+       *    {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+       * 3. The {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watch} listeners are fired immediately after the
+       *    expression was executed using the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} method.
+       *
+       *
+       * @param {(string|function())=} exp An AngularJS expression to be executed.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
+       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with current `scope` parameter.
+       *
+       * @returns {*} The result of evaluating the expression.
+       */
+      $apply: function(expr) {
+        try {
+          beginPhase('$apply');
+          try {
+            return this.$eval(expr);
+          } finally {
+            clearPhase();
+          }
+        } catch (e) {
+          $exceptionHandler(e);
+        } finally {
+          try {
+            $rootScope.$digest();
+          } catch (e) {
+            $exceptionHandler(e);
+            // eslint-disable-next-line no-unsafe-finally
+            throw e;
+          }
+        }
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$applyAsync
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Schedule the invocation of $apply to occur at a later time. The actual time difference
+       * varies across browsers, but is typically around ~10 milliseconds.
+       *
+       * This can be used to queue up multiple expressions which need to be evaluated in the same
+       * digest.
+       *
+       * @param {(string|function())=} exp An AngularJS expression to be executed.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
+       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with current `scope` parameter.
+       */
+      $applyAsync: function(expr) {
+        var scope = this;
+        if (expr) {
+          applyAsyncQueue.push($applyAsyncExpression);
+        }
+        expr = $parse(expr);
+        scheduleApplyAsync();
+
+        function $applyAsyncExpression() {
+          scope.$eval(expr);
+        }
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$on
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Listens on events of a given type. See {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$emit $emit} for
+       * discussion of event life cycle.
+       *
+       * The event listener function format is: `function(event, args...)`. The `event` object
+       * passed into the listener has the following attributes:
+       *
+       *   - `targetScope` - `{Scope}`: the scope on which the event was `$emit`-ed or
+       *     `$broadcast`-ed.
+       *   - `currentScope` - `{Scope}`: the scope that is currently handling the event. Once the
+       *     event propagates through the scope hierarchy, this property is set to null.
+       *   - `name` - `{string}`: name of the event.
+       *   - `stopPropagation` - `{function=}`: calling `stopPropagation` function will cancel
+       *     further event propagation (available only for events that were `$emit`-ed).
+       *   - `preventDefault` - `{function}`: calling `preventDefault` sets `defaultPrevented` flag
+       *     to true.
+       *   - `defaultPrevented` - `{boolean}`: true if `preventDefault` was called.
+       *
+       * @param {string} name Event name to listen on.
+       * @param {function(event, ...args)} listener Function to call when the event is emitted.
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this listener.
+       */
+      $on: function(name, listener) {
+        var namedListeners = this.$$listeners[name];
+        if (!namedListeners) {
+          this.$$listeners[name] = namedListeners = [];
+        }
+        namedListeners.push(listener);
+
+        var current = this;
+        do {
+          if (!current.$$listenerCount[name]) {
+            current.$$listenerCount[name] = 0;
+          }
+          current.$$listenerCount[name]++;
+        } while ((current = current.$parent));
+
+        var self = this;
+        return function() {
+          var indexOfListener = namedListeners.indexOf(listener);
+          if (indexOfListener !== -1) {
+            // Use delete in the hope of the browser deallocating the memory for the array entry,
+            // while not shifting the array indexes of other listeners.
+            // See issue https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/16135
+            delete namedListeners[indexOfListener];
+            decrementListenerCount(self, 1, name);
+          }
+        };
+      },
+
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$emit
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Dispatches an event `name` upwards through the scope hierarchy notifying the
+       * registered {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} listeners.
+       *
+       * The event life cycle starts at the scope on which `$emit` was called. All
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} listening for `name` event on this scope get
+       * notified. Afterwards, the event traverses upwards toward the root scope and calls all
+       * registered listeners along the way. The event will stop propagating if one of the listeners
+       * cancels it.
+       *
+       * Any exception emitted from the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} will be passed
+       * onto the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+       *
+       * @param {string} name Event name to emit.
+       * @param {...*} args Optional one or more arguments which will be passed onto the event listeners.
+       * @return {Object} Event object (see {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on}).
+       */
+      $emit: function(name, args) {
+        var empty = [],
+            namedListeners,
+            scope = this,
+            stopPropagation = false,
+            event = {
+              name: name,
+              targetScope: scope,
+              stopPropagation: function() {stopPropagation = true;},
+              preventDefault: function() {
+                event.defaultPrevented = true;
+              },
+              defaultPrevented: false
+            },
+            listenerArgs = concat([event], arguments, 1),
+            i, length;
+
+        do {
+          namedListeners = scope.$$listeners[name] || empty;
+          event.currentScope = scope;
+          for (i = 0, length = namedListeners.length; i < length; i++) {
+
+            // if listeners were deregistered, defragment the array
+            if (!namedListeners[i]) {
+              namedListeners.splice(i, 1);
+              i--;
+              length--;
+              continue;
+            }
+            try {
+              //allow all listeners attached to the current scope to run
+              namedListeners[i].apply(null, listenerArgs);
+            } catch (e) {
+              $exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+          }
+          //if any listener on the current scope stops propagation, prevent bubbling
+          if (stopPropagation) {
+            break;
+          }
+          //traverse upwards
+          scope = scope.$parent;
+        } while (scope);
+
+        event.currentScope = null;
+
+        return event;
+      },
+
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$broadcast
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Dispatches an event `name` downwards to all child scopes (and their children) notifying the
+       * registered {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} listeners.
+       *
+       * The event life cycle starts at the scope on which `$broadcast` was called. All
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} listening for `name` event on this scope get
+       * notified. Afterwards, the event propagates to all direct and indirect scopes of the current
+       * scope and calls all registered listeners along the way. The event cannot be canceled.
+       *
+       * Any exception emitted from the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} will be passed
+       * onto the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+       *
+       * @param {string} name Event name to broadcast.
+       * @param {...*} args Optional one or more arguments which will be passed onto the event listeners.
+       * @return {Object} Event object, see {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on}
+       */
+      $broadcast: function(name, args) {
+        var target = this,
+            current = target,
+            next = target,
+            event = {
+              name: name,
+              targetScope: target,
+              preventDefault: function() {
+                event.defaultPrevented = true;
+              },
+              defaultPrevented: false
+            };
+
+        if (!target.$$listenerCount[name]) return event;
+
+        var listenerArgs = concat([event], arguments, 1),
+            listeners, i, length;
+
+        //down while you can, then up and next sibling or up and next sibling until back at root
+        while ((current = next)) {
+          event.currentScope = current;
+          listeners = current.$$listeners[name] || [];
+          for (i = 0, length = listeners.length; i < length; i++) {
+            // if listeners were deregistered, defragment the array
+            if (!listeners[i]) {
+              listeners.splice(i, 1);
+              i--;
+              length--;
+              continue;
+            }
+
+            try {
+              listeners[i].apply(null, listenerArgs);
+            } catch (e) {
+              $exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+          }
+
+          // Insanity Warning: scope depth-first traversal
+          // yes, this code is a bit crazy, but it works and we have tests to prove it!
+          // this piece should be kept in sync with the traversal in $digest
+          // (though it differs due to having the extra check for $$listenerCount and
+          // does not check $$suspended)
+          if (!(next = ((current.$$listenerCount[name] && current.$$childHead) ||
+              (current !== target && current.$$nextSibling)))) {
+            while (current !== target && !(next = current.$$nextSibling)) {
+              current = current.$parent;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        event.currentScope = null;
+        return event;
+      }
+    };
+
+    var $rootScope = new Scope();
+
+    //The internal queues. Expose them on the $rootScope for debugging/testing purposes.
+    var asyncQueue = $rootScope.$$asyncQueue = [];
+    var postDigestQueue = $rootScope.$$postDigestQueue = [];
+    var applyAsyncQueue = $rootScope.$$applyAsyncQueue = [];
+
+    var postDigestQueuePosition = 0;
+
+    return $rootScope;
+
+
+    function beginPhase(phase) {
+      if ($rootScope.$$phase) {
+        throw $rootScopeMinErr('inprog', '{0} already in progress', $rootScope.$$phase);
+      }
+
+      $rootScope.$$phase = phase;
+    }
+
+    function clearPhase() {
+      $rootScope.$$phase = null;
+    }
+
+    function incrementWatchersCount(current, count) {
+      do {
+        current.$$watchersCount += count;
+      } while ((current = current.$parent));
+    }
+
+    function decrementListenerCount(current, count, name) {
+      do {
+        current.$$listenerCount[name] -= count;
+
+        if (current.$$listenerCount[name] === 0) {
+          delete current.$$listenerCount[name];
+        }
+      } while ((current = current.$parent));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * function used as an initial value for watchers.
+     * because it's unique we can easily tell it apart from other values
+     */
+    function initWatchVal() {}
+
+    function flushApplyAsync() {
+      while (applyAsyncQueue.length) {
+        try {
+          applyAsyncQueue.shift()();
+        } catch (e) {
+          $exceptionHandler(e);
+        }
+      }
+      applyAsyncId = null;
+    }
+
+    function scheduleApplyAsync() {
+      if (applyAsyncId === null) {
+        applyAsyncId = $browser.defer(function() {
+          $rootScope.$apply(flushApplyAsync);
+        }, null, '$applyAsync');
+      }
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $rootElement
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The root element of AngularJS application. This is either the element where {@link
+ * ng.directive:ngApp ngApp} was declared or the element passed into
+ * {@link angular.bootstrap}. The element represents the root element of application. It is also the
+ * location where the application's {@link auto.$injector $injector} service gets
+ * published, and can be retrieved using `$rootElement.injector()`.
+ */
+
+
+// the implementation is in angular.bootstrap
+
+/**
+ * @this
+ * @description
+ * Private service to sanitize uris for links and images. Used by $compile and $sanitize.
+ */
+function $$SanitizeUriProvider() {
+
+  var aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList = /^\s*(https?|s?ftp|mailto|tel|file):/,
+    imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList = /^\s*((https?|ftp|file|blob):|data:image\/)/;
+
+  /**
+   * @description
+   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for determining trusted safe
+   * urls during a[href] sanitization.
+   *
+   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via HTML anchor links.
+   *
+   * Any url due to be assigned to an `a[href]` attribute via interpolation is marked as requiring
+   * the $sce.URL security context. When interpolation occurs a call is made to `$sce.trustAsUrl(url)`
+   * which in turn may call `$$sanitizeUri(url, isMedia)` to sanitize the potentially malicious URL.
+   *
+   * If the URL matches the `aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList` regular expression, it is returned unchanged.
+   *
+   * If there is no match the URL is returned prefixed with `'unsafe:'` to ensure that when it is written
+   * to the DOM it is inactive and potentially malicious code will not be executed.
+   *
+   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to trust urls with.
+   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
+   *    chaining otherwise.
+   */
+  this.aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList = function(regexp) {
+    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
+      aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList = regexp;
+      return this;
+    }
+    return aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList;
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @description
+   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for determining trusted safe
+   * urls during img[src] sanitization.
+   *
+   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via HTML image src links.
+   *
+   * Any URL due to be assigned to an `img[src]` attribute via interpolation is marked as requiring
+   * the $sce.MEDIA_URL security context. When interpolation occurs a call is made to
+   * `$sce.trustAsMediaUrl(url)` which in turn may call `$$sanitizeUri(url, isMedia)` to sanitize
+   * the potentially malicious URL.
+   *
+   * If the URL matches the `imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList` regular expression, it is returned
+   * unchanged.
+   *
+   * If there is no match the URL is returned prefixed with `'unsafe:'` to ensure that when it is written
+   * to the DOM it is inactive and potentially malicious code will not be executed.
+   *
+   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to trust urls with.
+   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
+   *    chaining otherwise.
+   */
+  this.imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList = function(regexp) {
+    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
+      imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList = regexp;
+      return this;
+    }
+    return imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList;
+  };
+
+  this.$get = function() {
+    return function sanitizeUri(uri, isMediaUrl) {
+      // if (!uri) return uri;
+      var regex = isMediaUrl ? imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList : aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList;
+      var normalizedVal = urlResolve(uri && uri.trim()).href;
+      if (normalizedVal !== '' && !normalizedVal.match(regex)) {
+        return 'unsafe:' + normalizedVal;
+      }
+      return uri;
+    };
+  };
+}
+
+/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
+ *     Any commits to this file should be reviewed with security in mind.  *
+ *   Changes to this file can potentially create security vulnerabilities. *
+ *          An approval from 2 Core members with history of modifying      *
+ *                         this file is required.                          *
+ *                                                                         *
+ *  Does the change somehow allow for arbitrary javascript to be executed? *
+ *    Or allows for someone to change the prototype of built-in objects?   *
+ *     Or gives undesired access to variables likes document or window?    *
+ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
+
+/* exported $SceProvider, $SceDelegateProvider */
+
+var $sceMinErr = minErr('$sce');
+
+var SCE_CONTEXTS = {
+  // HTML is used when there's HTML rendered (e.g. ng-bind-html, iframe srcdoc binding).
+  HTML: 'html',
+
+  // Style statements or stylesheets. Currently unused in AngularJS.
+  CSS: 'css',
+
+  // An URL used in a context where it refers to the source of media, which are not expected to be run
+  // as scripts, such as an image, audio, video, etc.
+  MEDIA_URL: 'mediaUrl',
+
+  // An URL used in a context where it does not refer to a resource that loads code.
+  // A value that can be trusted as a URL can also trusted as a MEDIA_URL.
+  URL: 'url',
+
+  // RESOURCE_URL is a subtype of URL used where the referred-to resource could be interpreted as
+  // code. (e.g. ng-include, script src binding, templateUrl)
+  // A value that can be trusted as a RESOURCE_URL, can also trusted as a URL and a MEDIA_URL.
+  RESOURCE_URL: 'resourceUrl',
+
+  // Script. Currently unused in AngularJS.
+  JS: 'js'
+};
+
+// Helper functions follow.
+
+var UNDERSCORE_LOWERCASE_REGEXP = /_([a-z])/g;
+
+function snakeToCamel(name) {
+  return name
+    .replace(UNDERSCORE_LOWERCASE_REGEXP, fnCamelCaseReplace);
+}
+
+function adjustMatcher(matcher) {
+  if (matcher === 'self') {
+    return matcher;
+  } else if (isString(matcher)) {
+    // Strings match exactly except for 2 wildcards - '*' and '**'.
+    // '*' matches any character except those from the set ':/.?&'.
+    // '**' matches any character (like .* in a RegExp).
+    // More than 2 *'s raises an error as it's ill defined.
+    if (matcher.indexOf('***') > -1) {
+      throw $sceMinErr('iwcard',
+          'Illegal sequence *** in string matcher.  String: {0}', matcher);
+    }
+    matcher = escapeForRegexp(matcher).
+                  replace(/\\\*\\\*/g, '.*').
+                  replace(/\\\*/g, '[^:/.?&;]*');
+    return new RegExp('^' + matcher + '$');
+  } else if (isRegExp(matcher)) {
+    // The only other type of matcher allowed is a Regexp.
+    // Match entire URL / disallow partial matches.
+    // Flags are reset (i.e. no global, ignoreCase or multiline)
+    return new RegExp('^' + matcher.source + '$');
+  } else {
+    throw $sceMinErr('imatcher',
+        'Matchers may only be "self", string patterns or RegExp objects');
+  }
+}
+
+
+function adjustMatchers(matchers) {
+  var adjustedMatchers = [];
+  if (isDefined(matchers)) {
+    forEach(matchers, function(matcher) {
+      adjustedMatchers.push(adjustMatcher(matcher));
+    });
+  }
+  return adjustedMatchers;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $sceDelegate
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * `$sceDelegate` is a service that is used by the `$sce` service to provide {@link ng.$sce Strict
+ * Contextual Escaping (SCE)} services to AngularJS.
+ *
+ * For an overview of this service and the functionnality it provides in AngularJS, see the main
+ * page for {@link ng.$sce SCE}. The current page is targeted for developers who need to alter how
+ * SCE works in their application, which shouldn't be needed in most cases.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-danger">
+ * AngularJS strongly relies on contextual escaping for the security of bindings: disabling or
+ * modifying this might cause cross site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities. For libraries owners,
+ * changes to this service will also influence users, so be extra careful and document your changes.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * Typically, you would configure or override the {@link ng.$sceDelegate $sceDelegate} instead of
+ * the `$sce` service to customize the way Strict Contextual Escaping works in AngularJS.  This is
+ * because, while the `$sce` provides numerous shorthand methods, etc., you really only need to
+ * override 3 core functions (`trustAs`, `getTrusted` and `valueOf`) to replace the way things
+ * work because `$sce` delegates to `$sceDelegate` for these operations.
+ *
+ * Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} to configure this service.
+ *
+ * The default instance of `$sceDelegate` should work out of the box with little pain.  While you
+ * can override it completely to change the behavior of `$sce`, the common case would
+ * involve configuring the {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} instead by setting
+ * your own trusted and banned resource lists for trusting URLs used for loading AngularJS resources
+ * such as templates.  Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList
+ * $sceDelegateProvider.trustedResourceUrlList} and {@link
+ * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList $sceDelegateProvider.bannedResourceUrlList}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $sceDelegateProvider
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * The `$sceDelegateProvider` provider allows developers to configure the {@link ng.$sceDelegate
+ * $sceDelegate service}, used as a delegate for {@link ng.$sce Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
+ *
+ * The `$sceDelegateProvider` allows one to get/set the `trustedResourceUrlList` and
+ * `bannedResourceUrlList` used to ensure that the URLs used for sourcing AngularJS templates and
+ * other script-running URLs are safe (all places that use the `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` context). See
+ * {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList
+ * $sceDelegateProvider.trustedResourceUrlList} and
+ * {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList $sceDelegateProvider.bannedResourceUrlList},
+ *
+ * For the general details about this service in AngularJS, read the main page for {@link ng.$sce
+ * Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
+ *
+ * **Example**:  Consider the following case. <a name="example"></a>
+ *
+ * - your app is hosted at url `http://myapp.example.com/`
+ * - but some of your templates are hosted on other domains you control such as
+ *   `http://srv01.assets.example.com/`, `http://srv02.assets.example.com/`, etc.
+ * - and you have an open redirect at `http://myapp.example.com/clickThru?...`.
+ *
+ * Here is what a secure configuration for this scenario might look like:
+ *
+ * ```
+ *  angular.module('myApp', []).config(function($sceDelegateProvider) {
+ *    $sceDelegateProvider.trustedResourceUrlList([
+ *      // Allow same origin resource loads.
+ *      'self',
+ *      // Allow loading from our assets domain.  Notice the difference between * and **.
+ *      'http://srv*.assets.example.com/**'
+ *    ]);
+ *
+ *    // The banned resource URL list overrides the trusted resource URL list so the open redirect
+ *    // here is blocked.
+ *    $sceDelegateProvider.bannedResourceUrlList([
+ *      'http://myapp.example.com/clickThru**'
+ *    ]);
+ *  });
+ * ```
+ * Note that an empty trusted resource URL list will block every resource URL from being loaded, and will require
+ * you to manually mark each one as trusted with `$sce.trustAsResourceUrl`. However, templates
+ * requested by {@link ng.$templateRequest $templateRequest} that are present in
+ * {@link ng.$templateCache $templateCache} will not go through this check. If you have a mechanism
+ * to populate your templates in that cache at config time, then it is a good idea to remove 'self'
+ * from the trusted resource URL lsit. This helps to mitigate the security impact of certain types
+ * of issues, like for instance attacker-controlled `ng-includes`.
+ */
+
+function $SceDelegateProvider() {
+  this.SCE_CONTEXTS = SCE_CONTEXTS;
+
+  // Resource URLs can also be trusted by policy.
+  var trustedResourceUrlList = ['self'],
+      bannedResourceUrlList = [];
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @param {Array=} trustedResourceUrlList When provided, replaces the trustedResourceUrlList with
+   *     the value provided.  This must be an array or null.  A snapshot of this array is used so
+   *     further changes to the array are ignored.
+   *     Follow {@link ng.$sce#resourceUrlPatternItem this link} for a description of the items
+   *     allowed in this array.
+   *
+   * @return {Array} The currently set trusted resource URL array.
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets/Gets the list trusted of resource URLs.
+   *
+   * The **default value** when no `trustedResourceUrlList` has been explicitly set is `['self']`
+   * allowing only same origin resource requests.
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   * **Note:** the default `trustedResourceUrlList` of 'self' is not recommended if your app shares
+   * its origin with other apps! It is a good idea to limit it to only your application's directory.
+   * </div>
+   */
+  this.trustedResourceUrlList = function(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      trustedResourceUrlList = adjustMatchers(value);
+    }
+    return trustedResourceUrlList;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @deprecated
+   * sinceVersion="1.8.1"
+   *
+   * This method is deprecated. Use {@link $sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList
+   * trustedResourceUrlList} instead.
+   */
+  Object.defineProperty(this, 'resourceUrlWhitelist', {
+    get: function() {
+      return this.trustedResourceUrlList;
+    },
+    set: function(value) {
+      this.trustedResourceUrlList = value;
+    }
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @param {Array=} bannedResourceUrlList When provided, replaces the `bannedResourceUrlList` with
+   *     the value provided. This must be an array or null. A snapshot of this array is used so
+   *     further changes to the array are ignored.</p><p>
+   *     Follow {@link ng.$sce#resourceUrlPatternItem this link} for a description of the items
+   *     allowed in this array.</p><p>
+   *     The typical usage for the `bannedResourceUrlList` is to **block
+   *     [open redirects](http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html)** served by your domain as
+   *     these would otherwise be trusted but actually return content from the redirected domain.
+   *     </p><p>
+   *     Finally, **the banned resource URL list overrides the trusted resource URL list** and has
+   *     the final say.
+   *
+   * @return {Array} The currently set `bannedResourceUrlList` array.
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets/Gets the `bannedResourceUrlList` of trusted resource URLs.
+   *
+   * The **default value** when no trusted resource URL list has been explicitly set is the empty
+   * array (i.e. there is no `bannedResourceUrlList`.)
+   */
+  this.bannedResourceUrlList = function(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      bannedResourceUrlList = adjustMatchers(value);
+    }
+    return bannedResourceUrlList;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @deprecated
+   * sinceVersion="1.8.1"
+   *
+   * This method is deprecated. Use {@link $sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList
+   * bannedResourceUrlList} instead.
+   */
+  Object.defineProperty(this, 'resourceUrlBlacklist', {
+    get: function() {
+      return this.bannedResourceUrlList;
+    },
+    set: function(value) {
+      this.bannedResourceUrlList = value;
+    }
+  });
+
+  this.$get = ['$injector', '$$sanitizeUri', function($injector, $$sanitizeUri) {
+
+    var htmlSanitizer = function htmlSanitizer(html) {
+      throw $sceMinErr('unsafe', 'Attempting to use an unsafe value in a safe context.');
+    };
+
+    if ($injector.has('$sanitize')) {
+      htmlSanitizer = $injector.get('$sanitize');
+    }
+
+
+    function matchUrl(matcher, parsedUrl) {
+      if (matcher === 'self') {
+        return urlIsSameOrigin(parsedUrl) || urlIsSameOriginAsBaseUrl(parsedUrl);
+      } else {
+        // definitely a regex.  See adjustMatchers()
+        return !!matcher.exec(parsedUrl.href);
+      }
+    }
+
+    function isResourceUrlAllowedByPolicy(url) {
+      var parsedUrl = urlResolve(url.toString());
+      var i, n, allowed = false;
+      // Ensure that at least one item from the trusted resource URL list allows this url.
+      for (i = 0, n = trustedResourceUrlList.length; i < n; i++) {
+        if (matchUrl(trustedResourceUrlList[i], parsedUrl)) {
+          allowed = true;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      if (allowed) {
+        // Ensure that no item from the banned resource URL list has blocked this url.
+        for (i = 0, n = bannedResourceUrlList.length; i < n; i++) {
+          if (matchUrl(bannedResourceUrlList[i], parsedUrl)) {
+            allowed = false;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return allowed;
+    }
+
+    function generateHolderType(Base) {
+      var holderType = function TrustedValueHolderType(trustedValue) {
+        this.$$unwrapTrustedValue = function() {
+          return trustedValue;
+        };
+      };
+      if (Base) {
+        holderType.prototype = new Base();
+      }
+      holderType.prototype.valueOf = function sceValueOf() {
+        return this.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
+      };
+      holderType.prototype.toString = function sceToString() {
+        return this.$$unwrapTrustedValue().toString();
+      };
+      return holderType;
+    }
+
+    var trustedValueHolderBase = generateHolderType(),
+        byType = {};
+
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.HTML] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.CSS] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.MEDIA_URL] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.URL] = generateHolderType(byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.MEDIA_URL]);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.JS] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.RESOURCE_URL] = generateHolderType(byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.URL]);
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sceDelegate#trustAs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Returns a trusted representation of the parameter for the specified context. This trusted
+     * object will later on be used as-is, without any security check, by bindings or directives
+     * that require this security context.
+     * For instance, marking a string as trusted for the `$sce.HTML` context will entirely bypass
+     * the potential `$sanitize` call in corresponding `$sce.HTML` bindings or directives, such as
+     * `ng-bind-html`. Note that in most cases you won't need to call this function: if you have the
+     * sanitizer loaded, passing the value itself will render all the HTML that does not pose a
+     * security risk.
+     *
+     * See {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted getTrusted} for the function that will consume those
+     * trusted values, and {@link ng.$sce $sce} for general documentation about strict contextual
+     * escaping.
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The context in which this value is safe for use, e.g. `$sce.URL`,
+     *     `$sce.RESOURCE_URL`, `$sce.HTML`, `$sce.JS` or `$sce.CSS`.
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value that should be considered trusted.
+     * @return {*} A trusted representation of value, that can be used in the given context.
+     */
+    function trustAs(type, trustedValue) {
+      var Constructor = (byType.hasOwnProperty(type) ? byType[type] : null);
+      if (!Constructor) {
+        throw $sceMinErr('icontext',
+            'Attempted to trust a value in invalid context. Context: {0}; Value: {1}',
+            type, trustedValue);
+      }
+      if (trustedValue === null || isUndefined(trustedValue) || trustedValue === '') {
+        return trustedValue;
+      }
+      // All the current contexts in SCE_CONTEXTS happen to be strings.  In order to avoid trusting
+      // mutable objects, we ensure here that the value passed in is actually a string.
+      if (typeof trustedValue !== 'string') {
+        throw $sceMinErr('itype',
+            'Attempted to trust a non-string value in a content requiring a string: Context: {0}',
+            type);
+      }
+      return new Constructor(trustedValue);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sceDelegate#valueOf
+     *
+     * @description
+     * If the passed parameter had been returned by a prior call to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
+     * `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}, returns the value that had been passed to {@link
+     * ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}.
+     *
+     * If the passed parameter is not a value that had been returned by {@link
+     * ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}, it must be returned as-is.
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The result of a prior {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}
+     *     call or anything else.
+     * @return {*} The `value` that was originally provided to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
+     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} if `value` is the result of such a call.  Otherwise, returns
+     *     `value` unchanged.
+     */
+    function valueOf(maybeTrusted) {
+      if (maybeTrusted instanceof trustedValueHolderBase) {
+        return maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
+      } else {
+        return maybeTrusted;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sceDelegate#getTrusted
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Given an object and a security context in which to assign it, returns a value that's safe to
+     * use in this context, which was represented by the parameter. To do so, this function either
+     * unwraps the safe type it has been given (for instance, a {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
+     * `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} result), or it might try to sanitize the value given, depending on
+     * the context and sanitizer availablility.
+     *
+     * The contexts that can be sanitized are $sce.MEDIA_URL, $sce.URL and $sce.HTML. The first two are available
+     * by default, and the third one relies on the `$sanitize` service (which may be loaded through
+     * the `ngSanitize` module). Furthermore, for $sce.RESOURCE_URL context, a plain string may be
+     * accepted if the resource url policy defined by {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList
+     * `$sceDelegateProvider.trustedResourceUrlList`} and {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList
+     * `$sceDelegateProvider.bannedResourceUrlList`} accepts that resource.
+     *
+     * This function will throw if the safe type isn't appropriate for this context, or if the
+     * value given cannot be accepted in the context (which might be caused by sanitization not
+     * being available, or the value not being recognized as safe).
+     *
+     * <div class="alert alert-danger">
+     * Disabling auto-escaping is extremely dangerous, it usually creates a Cross Site Scripting
+     * (XSS) vulnerability in your application.
+     * </div>
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The context in which this value is to be used (such as `$sce.HTML`).
+     * @param {*} maybeTrusted The result of a prior {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
+     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} call, or anything else (which will not be considered trusted.)
+     * @return {*} A version of the value that's safe to use in the given context, or throws an
+     *     exception if this is impossible.
+     */
+    function getTrusted(type, maybeTrusted) {
+      if (maybeTrusted === null || isUndefined(maybeTrusted) || maybeTrusted === '') {
+        return maybeTrusted;
+      }
+      var constructor = (byType.hasOwnProperty(type) ? byType[type] : null);
+      // If maybeTrusted is a trusted class instance or subclass instance, then unwrap and return
+      // as-is.
+      if (constructor && maybeTrusted instanceof constructor) {
+        return maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
+      }
+
+      // If maybeTrusted is a trusted class instance but not of the correct trusted type
+      // then unwrap it and allow it to pass through to the rest of the checks
+      if (isFunction(maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue)) {
+        maybeTrusted = maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
+      }
+
+      // If we get here, then we will either sanitize the value or throw an exception.
+      if (type === SCE_CONTEXTS.MEDIA_URL || type === SCE_CONTEXTS.URL) {
+        // we attempt to sanitize non-resource URLs
+        return $$sanitizeUri(maybeTrusted.toString(), type === SCE_CONTEXTS.MEDIA_URL);
+      } else if (type === SCE_CONTEXTS.RESOURCE_URL) {
+        if (isResourceUrlAllowedByPolicy(maybeTrusted)) {
+          return maybeTrusted;
+        } else {
+          throw $sceMinErr('insecurl',
+              'Blocked loading resource from url not allowed by $sceDelegate policy.  URL: {0}',
+              maybeTrusted.toString());
+        }
+      } else if (type === SCE_CONTEXTS.HTML) {
+        // htmlSanitizer throws its own error when no sanitizer is available.
+        return htmlSanitizer(maybeTrusted);
+      }
+      // Default error when the $sce service has no way to make the input safe.
+      throw $sceMinErr('unsafe', 'Attempting to use an unsafe value in a safe context.');
+    }
+
+    return { trustAs: trustAs,
+             getTrusted: getTrusted,
+             valueOf: valueOf };
+  }];
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $sceProvider
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * The $sceProvider provider allows developers to configure the {@link ng.$sce $sce} service.
+ * -   enable/disable Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE) in a module
+ * -   override the default implementation with a custom delegate
+ *
+ * Read more about {@link ng.$sce Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $sce
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * `$sce` is a service that provides Strict Contextual Escaping services to AngularJS.
+ *
+ * ## Strict Contextual Escaping
+ *
+ * Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE) is a mode in which AngularJS constrains bindings to only render
+ * trusted values. Its goal is to assist in writing code in a way that (a) is secure by default, and
+ * (b) makes auditing for security vulnerabilities such as XSS, clickjacking, etc. a lot easier.
+ *
+ * ### Overview
+ *
+ * To systematically block XSS security bugs, AngularJS treats all values as untrusted by default in
+ * HTML or sensitive URL bindings. When binding untrusted values, AngularJS will automatically
+ * run security checks on them (sanitizations, trusted URL resource, depending on context), or throw
+ * when it cannot guarantee the security of the result. That behavior depends strongly on contexts:
+ * HTML can be sanitized, but template URLs cannot, for instance.
+ *
+ * To illustrate this, consider the `ng-bind-html` directive. It renders its value directly as HTML:
+ * we call that the *context*. When given an untrusted input, AngularJS will attempt to sanitize it
+ * before rendering if a sanitizer is available, and throw otherwise. To bypass sanitization and
+ * render the input as-is, you will need to mark it as trusted for that context before attempting
+ * to bind it.
+ *
+ * As of version 1.2, AngularJS ships with SCE enabled by default.
+ *
+ * ### In practice
+ *
+ * Here's an example of a binding in a privileged context:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * <input ng-model="userHtml" aria-label="User input">
+ * <div ng-bind-html="userHtml"></div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Notice that `ng-bind-html` is bound to `userHtml` controlled by the user.  With SCE
+ * disabled, this application allows the user to render arbitrary HTML into the DIV, which would
+ * be an XSS security bug. In a more realistic example, one may be rendering user comments, blog
+ * articles, etc. via bindings. (HTML is just one example of a context where rendering user
+ * controlled input creates security vulnerabilities.)
+ *
+ * For the case of HTML, you might use a library, either on the client side, or on the server side,
+ * to sanitize unsafe HTML before binding to the value and rendering it in the document.
+ *
+ * How would you ensure that every place that used these types of bindings was bound to a value that
+ * was sanitized by your library (or returned as safe for rendering by your server?)  How can you
+ * ensure that you didn't accidentally delete the line that sanitized the value, or renamed some
+ * properties/fields and forgot to update the binding to the sanitized value?
+ *
+ * To be secure by default, AngularJS makes sure bindings go through that sanitization, or
+ * any similar validation process, unless there's a good reason to trust the given value in this
+ * context.  That trust is formalized with a function call. This means that as a developer, you
+ * can assume all untrusted bindings are safe. Then, to audit your code for binding security issues,
+ * you just need to ensure the values you mark as trusted indeed are safe - because they were
+ * received from your server, sanitized by your library, etc. You can organize your codebase to
+ * help with this - perhaps allowing only the files in a specific directory to do this.
+ * Ensuring that the internal API exposed by that code doesn't markup arbitrary values as safe then
+ * becomes a more manageable task.
+ *
+ * In the case of AngularJS' SCE service, one uses {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}
+ * (and shorthand methods such as {@link ng.$sce#trustAsHtml $sce.trustAsHtml}, etc.) to
+ * build the trusted versions of your values.
+ *
+ * ### How does it work?
+ *
+ * In privileged contexts, directives and code will bind to the result of {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted
+ * $sce.getTrusted(context, value)} rather than to the value directly.  Think of this function as
+ * a way to enforce the required security context in your data sink. Directives use {@link
+ * ng.$sce#parseAs $sce.parseAs} rather than `$parse` to watch attribute bindings, which performs
+ * the {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted} behind the scenes on non-constant literals. Also,
+ * when binding without directives, AngularJS will understand the context of your bindings
+ * automatically.
+ *
+ * As an example, {@link ng.directive:ngBindHtml ngBindHtml} uses {@link
+ * ng.$sce#parseAsHtml $sce.parseAsHtml(binding expression)}.  Here's the actual code (slightly
+ * simplified):
+ *
+ * ```
+ * var ngBindHtmlDirective = ['$sce', function($sce) {
+ *   return function(scope, element, attr) {
+ *     scope.$watch($sce.parseAsHtml(attr.ngBindHtml), function(value) {
+ *       element.html(value || '');
+ *     });
+ *   };
+ * }];
+ * ```
+ *
+ * ### Impact on loading templates
+ *
+ * This applies both to the {@link ng.directive:ngInclude `ng-include`} directive as well as
+ * `templateUrl`'s specified by {@link guide/directive directives}.
+ *
+ * By default, AngularJS only loads templates from the same domain and protocol as the application
+ * document.  This is done by calling {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
+ * $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl} on the template URL.  To load templates from other domains and/or
+ * protocols, you may either add them to the {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList
+ * trustedResourceUrlList} or {@link ng.$sce#trustAsResourceUrl wrap them} into trusted values.
+ *
+ * *Please note*:
+ * The browser's
+ * [Same Origin Policy](https://code.google.com/p/browsersec/wiki/Part2#Same-origin_policy_for_XMLHttpRequest)
+ * and [Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)](http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/)
+ * policy apply in addition to this and may further restrict whether the template is successfully
+ * loaded.  This means that without the right CORS policy, loading templates from a different domain
+ * won't work on all browsers.  Also, loading templates from `file://` URL does not work on some
+ * browsers.
+ *
+ * ### This feels like too much overhead
+ *
+ * It's important to remember that SCE only applies to interpolation expressions.
+ *
+ * If your expressions are constant literals, they're automatically trusted and you don't need to
+ * call `$sce.trustAs` on them (e.g.
+ * `<div ng-bind-html="'<b>implicitly trusted</b>'"></div>`) just works (remember to include the
+ * `ngSanitize` module). The `$sceDelegate` will also use the `$sanitize` service if it is available
+ * when binding untrusted values to `$sce.HTML` context.
+ * AngularJS provides an implementation in `angular-sanitize.js`, and if you
+ * wish to use it, you will also need to depend on the {@link ngSanitize `ngSanitize`} module in
+ * your application.
+ *
+ * The included {@link ng.$sceDelegate $sceDelegate} comes with sane defaults to allow you to load
+ * templates in `ng-include` from your application's domain without having to even know about SCE.
+ * It blocks loading templates from other domains or loading templates over http from an https
+ * served document.  You can change these by setting your own custom {@link
+ * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList trusted resource URL list} and {@link
+ * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList banned resource URL list} for matching such URLs.
+ *
+ * This significantly reduces the overhead.  It is far easier to pay the small overhead and have an
+ * application that's secure and can be audited to verify that with much more ease than bolting
+ * security onto an application later.
+ *
+ * <a name="contexts"></a>
+ * ### What trusted context types are supported?
+ *
+ * | Context             | Notes          |
+ * |---------------------|----------------|
+ * | `$sce.HTML`         | For HTML that's safe to source into the application.  The {@link ng.directive:ngBindHtml ngBindHtml} directive uses this context for bindings. If an unsafe value is encountered and the {@link ngSanitize $sanitize} module is present this will sanitize the value instead of throwing an error. |
+ * | `$sce.CSS`          | For CSS that's safe to source into the application.  Currently unused.  Feel free to use it in your own directives. |
+ * | `$sce.MEDIA_URL`    | For URLs that are safe to render as media. Is automatically converted from string by sanitizing when needed. |
+ * | `$sce.URL`          | For URLs that are safe to follow as links. Is automatically converted from string by sanitizing when needed. Note that `$sce.URL` makes a stronger statement about the URL than `$sce.MEDIA_URL` does and therefore contexts requiring values trusted for `$sce.URL` can be used anywhere that values trusted for `$sce.MEDIA_URL` are required.|
+ * | `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` | For URLs that are not only safe to follow as links, but whose contents are also safe to include in your application.  Examples include `ng-include`, `src` / `ngSrc` bindings for tags other than `IMG` (e.g. `IFRAME`, `OBJECT`, etc.)  <br><br>Note that `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` makes a stronger statement about the URL than `$sce.URL` or `$sce.MEDIA_URL` do and therefore contexts requiring values trusted for `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` can be used anywhere that values trusted for `$sce.URL` or `$sce.MEDIA_URL` are required. <br><br> The {@link $sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList $sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList()} and {@link $sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList $sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList()} can be used to restrict trusted origins for `RESOURCE_URL` |
+ * | `$sce.JS`           | For JavaScript that is safe to execute in your application's context.  Currently unused.  Feel free to use it in your own directives. |
+ *
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * Be aware that, before AngularJS 1.7.0, `a[href]` and `img[src]` used to sanitize their
+ * interpolated values directly rather than rely upon {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted `$sce.getTrusted`}.
+ *
+ * **As of 1.7.0, this is no longer the case.**
+ *
+ * Now such interpolations are marked as requiring `$sce.URL` (for `a[href]`) or `$sce.MEDIA_URL`
+ * (for `img[src]`), so that the sanitization happens (via `$sce.getTrusted...`) when the `$interpolate`
+ * service evaluates the expressions.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * There are no CSS or JS context bindings in AngularJS currently, so their corresponding `$sce.trustAs`
+ * functions aren't useful yet. This might evolve.
+ *
+ * ### Format of items in {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList trustedResourceUrlList}/{@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList bannedResourceUrlList} <a name="resourceUrlPatternItem"></a>
+ *
+ *  Each element in these arrays must be one of the following:
+ *
+ *  - **'self'**
+ *    - The special **string**, `'self'`, can be used to match against all URLs of the **same
+ *      domain** as the application document using the **same protocol**.
+ *  - **String** (except the special value `'self'`)
+ *    - The string is matched against the full *normalized / absolute URL* of the resource
+ *      being tested (substring matches are not good enough.)
+ *    - There are exactly **two wildcard sequences** - `*` and `**`.  All other characters
+ *      match themselves.
+ *    - `*`: matches zero or more occurrences of any character other than one of the following 6
+ *      characters: '`:`', '`/`', '`.`', '`?`', '`&`' and '`;`'.  It's a useful wildcard for use
+ *      for matching resource URL lists.
+ *    - `**`: matches zero or more occurrences of *any* character.  As such, it's not
+ *      appropriate for use in a scheme, domain, etc. as it would match too much.  (e.g.
+ *      http://**.example.com/ would match http://evil.com/?ignore=.example.com/ and that might
+ *      not have been the intention.)  Its usage at the very end of the path is ok.  (e.g.
+ *      http://foo.example.com/templates/**).
+ *  - **RegExp** (*see caveat below*)
+ *    - *Caveat*:  While regular expressions are powerful and offer great flexibility,  their syntax
+ *      (and all the inevitable escaping) makes them *harder to maintain*.  It's easy to
+ *      accidentally introduce a bug when one updates a complex expression (imho, all regexes should
+ *      have good test coverage).  For instance, the use of `.` in the regex is correct only in a
+ *      small number of cases.  A `.` character in the regex used when matching the scheme or a
+ *      subdomain could be matched against a `:` or literal `.` that was likely not intended.   It
+ *      is highly recommended to use the string patterns and only fall back to regular expressions
+ *      as a last resort.
+ *    - The regular expression must be an instance of RegExp (i.e. not a string.)  It is
+ *      matched against the **entire** *normalized / absolute URL* of the resource being tested
+ *      (even when the RegExp did not have the `^` and `$` codes.)  In addition, any flags
+ *      present on the RegExp (such as multiline, global, ignoreCase) are ignored.
+ *    - If you are generating your JavaScript from some other templating engine (not
+ *      recommended, e.g. in issue [#4006](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/4006)),
+ *      remember to escape your regular expression (and be aware that you might need more than
+ *      one level of escaping depending on your templating engine and the way you interpolated
+ *      the value.)  Do make use of your platform's escaping mechanism as it might be good
+ *      enough before coding your own.  E.g. Ruby has
+ *      [Regexp.escape(str)](http://www.ruby-doc.org/core-2.0.0/Regexp.html#method-c-escape)
+ *      and Python has [re.escape](http://docs.python.org/library/re.html#re.escape).
+ *      Javascript lacks a similar built in function for escaping.  Take a look at Google
+ *      Closure library's [goog.string.regExpEscape(s)](
+ *      http://docs.closure-library.googlecode.com/git/closure_goog_string_string.js.source.html#line962).
+ *
+ * Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} for an example.
+ *
+ * ### Show me an example using SCE.
+ *
+ * <example module="mySceApp" deps="angular-sanitize.js" name="sce-service">
+ * <file name="index.html">
+ *   <div ng-controller="AppController as myCtrl">
+ *     <i ng-bind-html="myCtrl.explicitlyTrustedHtml" id="explicitlyTrustedHtml"></i><br><br>
+ *     <b>User comments</b><br>
+ *     By default, HTML that isn't explicitly trusted (e.g. Alice's comment) is sanitized when
+ *     $sanitize is available.  If $sanitize isn't available, this results in an error instead of an
+ *     exploit.
+ *     <div class="well">
+ *       <div ng-repeat="userComment in myCtrl.userComments">
+ *         <b>{{userComment.name}}</b>:
+ *         <span ng-bind-html="userComment.htmlComment" class="htmlComment"></span>
+ *         <br>
+ *       </div>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </div>
+ * </file>
+ *
+ * <file name="script.js">
+ *   angular.module('mySceApp', ['ngSanitize'])
+ *     .controller('AppController', ['$http', '$templateCache', '$sce',
+ *       function AppController($http, $templateCache, $sce) {
+ *         var self = this;
+ *         $http.get('test_data.json', {cache: $templateCache}).then(function(response) {
+ *           self.userComments = response.data;
+ *         });
+ *         self.explicitlyTrustedHtml = $sce.trustAsHtml(
+ *             '<span onmouseover="this.textContent=&quot;Explicitly trusted HTML bypasses ' +
+ *             'sanitization.&quot;">Hover over this text.</span>');
+ *       }]);
+ * </file>
+ *
+ * <file name="test_data.json">
+ * [
+ *   { "name": "Alice",
+ *     "htmlComment":
+ *         "<span onmouseover='this.textContent=\"PWN3D!\"'>Is <i>anyone</i> reading this?</span>"
+ *   },
+ *   { "name": "Bob",
+ *     "htmlComment": "<i>Yes!</i>  Am I the only other one?"
+ *   }
+ * ]
+ * </file>
+ *
+ * <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *   describe('SCE doc demo', function() {
+ *     it('should sanitize untrusted values', function() {
+ *       expect(element.all(by.css('.htmlComment')).first().getAttribute('innerHTML'))
+ *           .toBe('<span>Is <i>anyone</i> reading this?</span>');
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     it('should NOT sanitize explicitly trusted values', function() {
+ *       expect(element(by.id('explicitlyTrustedHtml')).getAttribute('innerHTML')).toBe(
+ *           '<span onmouseover="this.textContent=&quot;Explicitly trusted HTML bypasses ' +
+ *           'sanitization.&quot;">Hover over this text.</span>');
+ *     });
+ *   });
+ * </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ * ## Can I disable SCE completely?
+ *
+ * Yes, you can.  However, this is strongly discouraged.  SCE gives you a lot of security benefits
+ * for little coding overhead.  It will be much harder to take an SCE disabled application and
+ * either secure it on your own or enable SCE at a later stage.  It might make sense to disable SCE
+ * for cases where you have a lot of existing code that was written before SCE was introduced and
+ * you're migrating them a module at a time. Also do note that this is an app-wide setting, so if
+ * you are writing a library, you will cause security bugs applications using it.
+ *
+ * That said, here's how you can completely disable SCE:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * angular.module('myAppWithSceDisabledmyApp', []).config(function($sceProvider) {
+ *   // Completely disable SCE.  For demonstration purposes only!
+ *   // Do not use in new projects or libraries.
+ *   $sceProvider.enabled(false);
+ * });
+ * ```
+ *
+ */
+
+function $SceProvider() {
+  var enabled = true;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $sceProvider#enabled
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @param {boolean=} value If provided, then enables/disables SCE application-wide.
+   * @return {boolean} True if SCE is enabled, false otherwise.
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Enables/disables SCE and returns the current value.
+   */
+  this.enabled = function(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      enabled = !!value;
+    }
+    return enabled;
+  };
+
+
+  /* Design notes on the default implementation for SCE.
+   *
+   * The API contract for the SCE delegate
+   * -------------------------------------
+   * The SCE delegate object must provide the following 3 methods:
+   *
+   * - trustAs(contextEnum, value)
+   *     This method is used to tell the SCE service that the provided value is OK to use in the
+   *     contexts specified by contextEnum.  It must return an object that will be accepted by
+   *     getTrusted() for a compatible contextEnum and return this value.
+   *
+   * - valueOf(value)
+   *     For values that were not produced by trustAs(), return them as is.  For values that were
+   *     produced by trustAs(), return the corresponding input value to trustAs.  Basically, if
+   *     trustAs is wrapping the given values into some type, this operation unwraps it when given
+   *     such a value.
+   *
+   * - getTrusted(contextEnum, value)
+   *     This function should return the value that is safe to use in the context specified by
+   *     contextEnum or throw and exception otherwise.
+   *
+   * NOTE: This contract deliberately does NOT state that values returned by trustAs() must be
+   * opaque or wrapped in some holder object.  That happens to be an implementation detail.  For
+   * instance, an implementation could maintain a registry of all trusted objects by context.  In
+   * such a case, trustAs() would return the same object that was passed in.  getTrusted() would
+   * return the same object passed in if it was found in the registry under a compatible context or
+   * throw an exception otherwise.  An implementation might only wrap values some of the time based
+   * on some criteria.  getTrusted() might return a value and not throw an exception for special
+   * constants or objects even if not wrapped.  All such implementations fulfill this contract.
+   *
+   *
+   * A note on the inheritance model for SCE contexts
+   * ------------------------------------------------
+   * I've used inheritance and made RESOURCE_URL wrapped types a subtype of URL wrapped types.  This
+   * is purely an implementation details.
+   *
+   * The contract is simply this:
+   *
+   *     getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value) succeeding implies that getTrusted($sce.URL, value)
+   *     will also succeed.
+   *
+   * Inheritance happens to capture this in a natural way. In some future, we may not use
+   * inheritance anymore. That is OK because no code outside of sce.js and sceSpecs.js would need to
+   * be aware of this detail.
+   */
+
+  this.$get = ['$parse', '$sceDelegate', function(
+                $parse,   $sceDelegate) {
+    // Support: IE 9-11 only
+    // Prereq: Ensure that we're not running in IE<11 quirks mode.  In that mode, IE < 11 allow
+    // the "expression(javascript expression)" syntax which is insecure.
+    if (enabled && msie < 8) {
+      throw $sceMinErr('iequirks',
+        'Strict Contextual Escaping does not support Internet Explorer version < 11 in quirks ' +
+        'mode.  You can fix this by adding the text <!doctype html> to the top of your HTML ' +
+        'document.  See http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$sce for more information.');
+    }
+
+    var sce = shallowCopy(SCE_CONTEXTS);
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#isEnabled
+     * @kind function
+     *
+     * @return {Boolean} True if SCE is enabled, false otherwise.  If you want to set the value, you
+     *     have to do it at module config time on {@link ng.$sceProvider $sceProvider}.
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Returns a boolean indicating if SCE is enabled.
+     */
+    sce.isEnabled = function() {
+      return enabled;
+    };
+    sce.trustAs = $sceDelegate.trustAs;
+    sce.getTrusted = $sceDelegate.getTrusted;
+    sce.valueOf = $sceDelegate.valueOf;
+
+    if (!enabled) {
+      sce.trustAs = sce.getTrusted = function(type, value) { return value; };
+      sce.valueOf = identity;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Converts AngularJS {@link guide/expression expression} into a function.  This is like {@link
+     * ng.$parse $parse} and is identical when the expression is a literal constant.  Otherwise, it
+     * wraps the expression in a call to {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted(*type*,
+     * *result*)}
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The SCE context in which this result will be used.
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @return {function(context, locals)} A function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the
+     *      strings are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values
+     *      in `context`.
+     */
+    sce.parseAs = function sceParseAs(type, expr) {
+      var parsed = $parse(expr);
+      if (parsed.literal && parsed.constant) {
+        return parsed;
+      } else {
+        return $parse(expr, function(value) {
+          return sce.getTrusted(type, value);
+        });
+      }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Delegates to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}. As such, returns a
+     * wrapped object that represents your value, and the trust you have in its safety for the given
+     * context. AngularJS can then use that value as-is in bindings of the specified secure context.
+     * This is used in bindings for `ng-bind-html`, `ng-include`, and most `src` attribute
+     * interpolations. See {@link ng.$sce $sce} for strict contextual escaping.
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The context in which this value is safe for use, e.g. `$sce.URL`,
+     *     `$sce.RESOURCE_URL`, `$sce.HTML`, `$sce.JS` or `$sce.CSS`.
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value that that should be considered trusted.
+     * @return {*} A wrapped version of value that can be used as a trusted variant of your `value`
+     *     in the context you specified.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAsHtml
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsHtml(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.HTML, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to mark as trusted for `$sce.HTML` context.
+     * @return {*} A wrapped version of value that can be used as a trusted variant of your `value`
+     *     in `$sce.HTML` context (like `ng-bind-html`).
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAsCss
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsCss(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.CSS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to mark as trusted for `$sce.CSS` context.
+     * @return {*} A wrapped version of value that can be used as a trusted variant
+     *     of your `value` in `$sce.CSS` context. This context is currently unused, so there are
+     *     almost no reasons to use this function so far.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAsUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to mark as trusted for `$sce.URL` context.
+     * @return {*} A wrapped version of value that can be used as a trusted variant of your `value`
+     *     in `$sce.URL` context. That context is currently unused, so there are almost no reasons
+     *     to use this function so far.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAsResourceUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsResourceUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to mark as trusted for `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` context.
+     * @return {*} A wrapped version of value that can be used as a trusted variant of your `value`
+     *     in `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` context (template URLs in `ng-include`, most `src` attribute
+     *     bindings, ...)
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAsJs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsJs(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.JS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to mark as trusted for `$sce.JS` context.
+     * @return {*} A wrapped version of value that can be used as a trusted variant of your `value`
+     *     in `$sce.JS` context. That context is currently unused, so there are almost no reasons to
+     *     use this function so far.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrusted
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Delegates to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted`}.  As such,
+     * takes any input, and either returns a value that's safe to use in the specified context,
+     * or throws an exception. This function is aware of trusted values created by the `trustAs`
+     * function and its shorthands, and when contexts are appropriate, returns the unwrapped value
+     * as-is. Finally, this function can also throw when there is no way to turn `maybeTrusted` in a
+     * safe value (e.g., no sanitization is available or possible.)
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The context in which this value is to be used.
+     * @param {*} maybeTrusted The result of a prior {@link ng.$sce#trustAs
+     *     `$sce.trustAs`} call, or anything else (which will not be considered trusted.)
+     * @return {*} A version of the value that's safe to use in the given context, or throws an
+     *     exception if this is impossible.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrustedHtml
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedHtml(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.HTML, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
+     * @return {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.HTML, value)`
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrustedCss
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedCss(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.CSS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
+     * @return {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.CSS, value)`
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrustedUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
+     * @return {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.URL, value)`
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sceDelegate.getTrusted`.
+     * @return {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrustedJs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedJs(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.JS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
+     * @return {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.JS, value)`
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAsHtml
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsHtml(expression string)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.HTML, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @return {function(context, locals)} A function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the
+     *      strings are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values
+     *      in `context`.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAsCss
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsCss(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.CSS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @return {function(context, locals)} A function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the
+     *      strings are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values
+     *      in `context`.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAsUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @return {function(context, locals)} A function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the
+     *      strings are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values
+     *      in `context`.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAsResourceUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsResourceUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @return {function(context, locals)} A function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the
+     *      strings are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values
+     *      in `context`.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAsJs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsJs(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.JS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @return {function(context, locals)} A function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the
+     *      strings are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values
+     *      in `context`.
+     */
+
+    // Shorthand delegations.
+    var parse = sce.parseAs,
+        getTrusted = sce.getTrusted,
+        trustAs = sce.trustAs;
+
+    forEach(SCE_CONTEXTS, function(enumValue, name) {
+      var lName = lowercase(name);
+      sce[snakeToCamel('parse_as_' + lName)] = function(expr) {
+        return parse(enumValue, expr);
+      };
+      sce[snakeToCamel('get_trusted_' + lName)] = function(value) {
+        return getTrusted(enumValue, value);
+      };
+      sce[snakeToCamel('trust_as_' + lName)] = function(value) {
+        return trustAs(enumValue, value);
+      };
+    });
+
+    return sce;
+  }];
+}
+
+/* exported $SnifferProvider */
+
+/**
+ * !!! This is an undocumented "private" service !!!
+ *
+ * @name $sniffer
+ * @requires $window
+ * @requires $document
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @property {boolean} history Does the browser support html5 history api ?
+ * @property {boolean} transitions Does the browser support CSS transition events ?
+ * @property {boolean} animations Does the browser support CSS animation events ?
+ *
+ * @description
+ * This is very simple implementation of testing browser's features.
+ */
+function $SnifferProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$window', '$document', function($window, $document) {
+    var eventSupport = {},
+        // Chrome Packaged Apps are not allowed to access `history.pushState`.
+        // If not sandboxed, they can be detected by the presence of `chrome.app.runtime`
+        // (see https://developer.chrome.com/apps/api_index). If sandboxed, they can be detected by
+        // the presence of an extension runtime ID and the absence of other Chrome runtime APIs
+        // (see https://developer.chrome.com/apps/manifest/sandbox).
+        // (NW.js apps have access to Chrome APIs, but do support `history`.)
+        isNw = $window.nw && $window.nw.process,
+        isChromePackagedApp =
+            !isNw &&
+            $window.chrome &&
+            ($window.chrome.app && $window.chrome.app.runtime ||
+                !$window.chrome.app && $window.chrome.runtime && $window.chrome.runtime.id),
+        hasHistoryPushState = !isChromePackagedApp && $window.history && $window.history.pushState,
+        android =
+          toInt((/android (\d+)/.exec(lowercase(($window.navigator || {}).userAgent)) || [])[1]),
+        boxee = /Boxee/i.test(($window.navigator || {}).userAgent),
+        document = $document[0] || {},
+        bodyStyle = document.body && document.body.style,
+        transitions = false,
+        animations = false;
+
+    if (bodyStyle) {
+      // Support: Android <5, Blackberry Browser 10, default Chrome in Android 4.4.x
+      // Mentioned browsers need a -webkit- prefix for transitions & animations.
+      transitions = !!('transition' in bodyStyle || 'webkitTransition' in bodyStyle);
+      animations = !!('animation' in bodyStyle || 'webkitAnimation' in bodyStyle);
+    }
+
+
+    return {
+      // Android has history.pushState, but it does not update location correctly
+      // so let's not use the history API at all.
+      // http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=17471
+      // https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/904
+
+      // older webkit browser (533.9) on Boxee box has exactly the same problem as Android has
+      // so let's not use the history API also
+      // We are purposefully using `!(android < 4)` to cover the case when `android` is undefined
+      history: !!(hasHistoryPushState && !(android < 4) && !boxee),
+      hasEvent: function(event) {
+        // Support: IE 9-11 only
+        // IE9 implements 'input' event it's so fubared that we rather pretend that it doesn't have
+        // it. In particular the event is not fired when backspace or delete key are pressed or
+        // when cut operation is performed.
+        // IE10+ implements 'input' event but it erroneously fires under various situations,
+        // e.g. when placeholder changes, or a form is focused.
+        if (event === 'input' && msie) return false;
+
+        if (isUndefined(eventSupport[event])) {
+          var divElm = document.createElement('div');
+          eventSupport[event] = 'on' + event in divElm;
+        }
+
+        return eventSupport[event];
+      },
+      csp: csp(),
+      transitions: transitions,
+      animations: animations,
+      android: android
+    };
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * ! This is a private undocumented service !
+ *
+ * @name $$taskTrackerFactory
+ * @description
+ * A function to create `TaskTracker` instances.
+ *
+ * A `TaskTracker` can keep track of pending tasks (grouped by type) and can notify interested
+ * parties when all pending tasks (or tasks of a specific type) have been completed.
+ *
+ * @param {$log} log - A logger instance (such as `$log`). Used to log error during callback
+ *     execution.
+ *
+ * @this
+ */
+function $$TaskTrackerFactoryProvider() {
+  this.$get = valueFn(function(log) { return new TaskTracker(log); });
+}
+
+function TaskTracker(log) {
+  var self = this;
+  var taskCounts = {};
+  var taskCallbacks = [];
+
+  var ALL_TASKS_TYPE = self.ALL_TASKS_TYPE = '$$all$$';
+  var DEFAULT_TASK_TYPE = self.DEFAULT_TASK_TYPE = '$$default$$';
+
+  /**
+   * Execute the specified function and decrement the appropriate `taskCounts` counter.
+   * If the counter reaches 0, all corresponding `taskCallbacks` are executed.
+   *
+   * @param {Function} fn - The function to execute.
+   * @param {string=} [taskType=DEFAULT_TASK_TYPE] - The type of task that is being completed.
+   */
+  self.completeTask = completeTask;
+
+  /**
+   * Increase the task count for the specified task type (or the default task type if non is
+   * specified).
+   *
+   * @param {string=} [taskType=DEFAULT_TASK_TYPE] - The type of task whose count will be increased.
+   */
+  self.incTaskCount = incTaskCount;
+
+  /**
+   * Execute the specified callback when all pending tasks have been completed.
+   *
+   * If there are no pending tasks, the callback is executed immediately. You can optionally limit
+   * the tasks that will be waited for to a specific type, by passing a `taskType`.
+   *
+   * @param {function} callback - The function to call when there are no pending tasks.
+   * @param {string=} [taskType=ALL_TASKS_TYPE] - The type of tasks that will be waited for.
+   */
+  self.notifyWhenNoPendingTasks = notifyWhenNoPendingTasks;
+
+  function completeTask(fn, taskType) {
+    taskType = taskType || DEFAULT_TASK_TYPE;
+
+    try {
+      fn();
+    } finally {
+      decTaskCount(taskType);
+
+      var countForType = taskCounts[taskType];
+      var countForAll = taskCounts[ALL_TASKS_TYPE];
+
+      // If at least one of the queues (`ALL_TASKS_TYPE` or `taskType`) is empty, run callbacks.
+      if (!countForAll || !countForType) {
+        var getNextCallback = !countForAll ? getLastCallback : getLastCallbackForType;
+        var nextCb;
+
+        while ((nextCb = getNextCallback(taskType))) {
+          try {
+            nextCb();
+          } catch (e) {
+            log.error(e);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  function decTaskCount(taskType) {
+    taskType = taskType || DEFAULT_TASK_TYPE;
+    if (taskCounts[taskType]) {
+      taskCounts[taskType]--;
+      taskCounts[ALL_TASKS_TYPE]--;
+    }
+  }
+
+  function getLastCallback() {
+    var cbInfo = taskCallbacks.pop();
+    return cbInfo && cbInfo.cb;
+  }
+
+  function getLastCallbackForType(taskType) {
+    for (var i = taskCallbacks.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+      var cbInfo = taskCallbacks[i];
+      if (cbInfo.type === taskType) {
+        taskCallbacks.splice(i, 1);
+        return cbInfo.cb;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  function incTaskCount(taskType) {
+    taskType = taskType || DEFAULT_TASK_TYPE;
+    taskCounts[taskType] = (taskCounts[taskType] || 0) + 1;
+    taskCounts[ALL_TASKS_TYPE] = (taskCounts[ALL_TASKS_TYPE] || 0) + 1;
+  }
+
+  function notifyWhenNoPendingTasks(callback, taskType) {
+    taskType = taskType || ALL_TASKS_TYPE;
+    if (!taskCounts[taskType]) {
+      callback();
+    } else {
+      taskCallbacks.push({type: taskType, cb: callback});
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+var $templateRequestMinErr = minErr('$templateRequest');
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $templateRequestProvider
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Used to configure the options passed to the {@link $http} service when making a template request.
+ *
+ * For example, it can be used for specifying the "Accept" header that is sent to the server, when
+ * requesting a template.
+ */
+function $TemplateRequestProvider() {
+
+  var httpOptions;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $templateRequestProvider#httpOptions
+   * @description
+   * The options to be passed to the {@link $http} service when making the request.
+   * You can use this to override options such as the "Accept" header for template requests.
+   *
+   * The {@link $templateRequest} will set the `cache` and the `transformResponse` properties of the
+   * options if not overridden here.
+   *
+   * @param {string=} value new value for the {@link $http} options.
+   * @returns {string|self} Returns the {@link $http} options when used as getter and self if used as setter.
+   */
+  this.httpOptions = function(val) {
+    if (val) {
+      httpOptions = val;
+      return this;
+    }
+    return httpOptions;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc service
+   * @name $templateRequest
+   *
+   * @description
+   * The `$templateRequest` service runs security checks then downloads the provided template using
+   * `$http` and, upon success, stores the contents inside of `$templateCache`. If the HTTP request
+   * fails or the response data of the HTTP request is empty, a `$compile` error will be thrown (the
+   * exception can be thwarted by setting the 2nd parameter of the function to true). Note that the
+   * contents of `$templateCache` are trusted, so the call to `$sce.getTrustedUrl(tpl)` is omitted
+   * when `tpl` is of type string and `$templateCache` has the matching entry.
+   *
+   * If you want to pass custom options to the `$http` service, such as setting the Accept header you
+   * can configure this via {@link $templateRequestProvider#httpOptions}.
+   *
+   * `$templateRequest` is used internally by {@link $compile}, {@link ngRoute.$route}, and directives such
+   * as {@link ngInclude} to download and cache templates.
+   *
+   * 3rd party modules should use `$templateRequest` if their services or directives are loading
+   * templates.
+   *
+   * @param {string|TrustedResourceUrl} tpl The HTTP request template URL
+   * @param {boolean=} ignoreRequestError Whether or not to ignore the exception when the request fails or the template is empty
+   *
+   * @return {Promise} a promise for the HTTP response data of the given URL.
+   *
+   * @property {number} totalPendingRequests total amount of pending template requests being downloaded.
+   */
+  this.$get = ['$exceptionHandler', '$templateCache', '$http', '$q', '$sce',
+    function($exceptionHandler, $templateCache, $http, $q, $sce) {
+
+      function handleRequestFn(tpl, ignoreRequestError) {
+        handleRequestFn.totalPendingRequests++;
+
+        // We consider the template cache holds only trusted templates, so
+        // there's no need to go through adding the template again to the trusted
+        // resources for keys that already are included in there. This also makes
+        // AngularJS accept any script directive, no matter its name. However, we
+        // still need to unwrap trusted types.
+        if (!isString(tpl) || isUndefined($templateCache.get(tpl))) {
+          tpl = $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(tpl);
+        }
+
+        var transformResponse = $http.defaults && $http.defaults.transformResponse;
+
+        if (isArray(transformResponse)) {
+          transformResponse = transformResponse.filter(function(transformer) {
+            return transformer !== defaultHttpResponseTransform;
+          });
+        } else if (transformResponse === defaultHttpResponseTransform) {
+          transformResponse = null;
+        }
+
+        return $http.get(tpl, extend({
+            cache: $templateCache,
+            transformResponse: transformResponse
+          }, httpOptions))
+          .finally(function() {
+            handleRequestFn.totalPendingRequests--;
+          })
+          .then(function(response) {
+            return $templateCache.put(tpl, response.data);
+          }, handleError);
+
+        function handleError(resp) {
+          if (!ignoreRequestError) {
+            resp = $templateRequestMinErr('tpload',
+                'Failed to load template: {0} (HTTP status: {1} {2})',
+                tpl, resp.status, resp.statusText);
+
+            $exceptionHandler(resp);
+          }
+
+          return $q.reject(resp);
+        }
+      }
+
+      handleRequestFn.totalPendingRequests = 0;
+
+      return handleRequestFn;
+    }
+  ];
+}
+
+/** @this */
+function $$TestabilityProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$location',
+       function($rootScope,   $browser,   $location) {
+
+    /**
+     * @name $testability
+     *
+     * @description
+     * The private $$testability service provides a collection of methods for use when debugging
+     * or by automated test and debugging tools.
+     */
+    var testability = {};
+
+    /**
+     * @name $$testability#findBindings
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Returns an array of elements that are bound (via ng-bind or {{}})
+     * to expressions matching the input.
+     *
+     * @param {Element} element The element root to search from.
+     * @param {string} expression The binding expression to match.
+     * @param {boolean} opt_exactMatch If true, only returns exact matches
+     *     for the expression. Filters and whitespace are ignored.
+     */
+    testability.findBindings = function(element, expression, opt_exactMatch) {
+      var bindings = element.getElementsByClassName('ng-binding');
+      var matches = [];
+      forEach(bindings, function(binding) {
+        var dataBinding = angular.element(binding).data('$binding');
+        if (dataBinding) {
+          forEach(dataBinding, function(bindingName) {
+            if (opt_exactMatch) {
+              var matcher = new RegExp('(^|\\s)' + escapeForRegexp(expression) + '(\\s|\\||$)');
+              if (matcher.test(bindingName)) {
+                matches.push(binding);
+              }
+            } else {
+              if (bindingName.indexOf(expression) !== -1) {
+                matches.push(binding);
+              }
+            }
+          });
+        }
+      });
+      return matches;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @name $$testability#findModels
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Returns an array of elements that are two-way found via ng-model to
+     * expressions matching the input.
+     *
+     * @param {Element} element The element root to search from.
+     * @param {string} expression The model expression to match.
+     * @param {boolean} opt_exactMatch If true, only returns exact matches
+     *     for the expression.
+     */
+    testability.findModels = function(element, expression, opt_exactMatch) {
+      var prefixes = ['ng-', 'data-ng-', 'ng\\:'];
+      for (var p = 0; p < prefixes.length; ++p) {
+        var attributeEquals = opt_exactMatch ? '=' : '*=';
+        var selector = '[' + prefixes[p] + 'model' + attributeEquals + '"' + expression + '"]';
+        var elements = element.querySelectorAll(selector);
+        if (elements.length) {
+          return elements;
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @name $$testability#getLocation
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut for getting the location in a browser agnostic way. Returns
+     *     the path, search, and hash. (e.g. /path?a=b#hash)
+     */
+    testability.getLocation = function() {
+      return $location.url();
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @name $$testability#setLocation
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut for navigating to a location without doing a full page reload.
+     *
+     * @param {string} url The location url (path, search and hash,
+     *     e.g. /path?a=b#hash) to go to.
+     */
+    testability.setLocation = function(url) {
+      if (url !== $location.url()) {
+        $location.url(url);
+        $rootScope.$digest();
+      }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @name $$testability#whenStable
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Calls the callback when all pending tasks are completed.
+     *
+     * Types of tasks waited for include:
+     * - Pending timeouts (via {@link $timeout}).
+     * - Pending HTTP requests (via {@link $http}).
+     * - In-progress route transitions (via {@link $route}).
+     * - Pending tasks scheduled via {@link $rootScope#$applyAsync}.
+     * - Pending tasks scheduled via {@link $rootScope#$evalAsync}.
+     *   These include tasks scheduled via `$evalAsync()` indirectly (such as {@link $q} promises).
+     *
+     * @param {function} callback
+     */
+    testability.whenStable = function(callback) {
+      $browser.notifyWhenNoOutstandingRequests(callback);
+    };
+
+    return testability;
+  }];
+}
+
+var $timeoutMinErr = minErr('$timeout');
+
+/** @this */
+function $TimeoutProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$q', '$$q', '$exceptionHandler',
+       function($rootScope,   $browser,   $q,   $$q,   $exceptionHandler) {
+
+    var deferreds = {};
+
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc service
+     * @name $timeout
+     *
+     * @description
+     * AngularJS's wrapper for `window.setTimeout`. The `fn` function is wrapped into a try/catch
+     * block and delegates any exceptions to
+     * {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+     *
+     * The return value of calling `$timeout` is a promise, which will be resolved when
+     * the delay has passed and the timeout function, if provided, is executed.
+     *
+     * To cancel a timeout request, call `$timeout.cancel(promise)`.
+     *
+     * In tests you can use {@link ngMock.$timeout `$timeout.flush()`} to
+     * synchronously flush the queue of deferred functions.
+     *
+     * If you only want a promise that will be resolved after some specified delay
+     * then you can call `$timeout` without the `fn` function.
+     *
+     * @param {function()=} fn A function, whose execution should be delayed.
+     * @param {number=} [delay=0] Delay in milliseconds.
+     * @param {boolean=} [invokeApply=true] If set to `false` skips model dirty checking, otherwise
+     *   will invoke `fn` within the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply $apply} block.
+     * @param {...*=} Pass additional parameters to the executed function.
+     * @returns {Promise} Promise that will be resolved when the timeout is reached. The promise
+     *   will be resolved with the return value of the `fn` function.
+     *
+     */
+    function timeout(fn, delay, invokeApply) {
+      if (!isFunction(fn)) {
+        invokeApply = delay;
+        delay = fn;
+        fn = noop;
+      }
+
+      var args = sliceArgs(arguments, 3),
+          skipApply = (isDefined(invokeApply) && !invokeApply),
+          deferred = (skipApply ? $$q : $q).defer(),
+          promise = deferred.promise,
+          timeoutId;
+
+      timeoutId = $browser.defer(function() {
+        try {
+          deferred.resolve(fn.apply(null, args));
+        } catch (e) {
+          deferred.reject(e);
+          $exceptionHandler(e);
+        } finally {
+          delete deferreds[promise.$$timeoutId];
+        }
+
+        if (!skipApply) $rootScope.$apply();
+      }, delay, '$timeout');
+
+      promise.$$timeoutId = timeoutId;
+      deferreds[timeoutId] = deferred;
+
+      return promise;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $timeout#cancel
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Cancels a task associated with the `promise`. As a result of this, the promise will be
+     * resolved with a rejection.
+     *
+     * @param {Promise=} promise Promise returned by the `$timeout` function.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task hasn't executed yet and was successfully
+     *   canceled.
+     */
+    timeout.cancel = function(promise) {
+      if (!promise) return false;
+
+      if (!promise.hasOwnProperty('$$timeoutId')) {
+        throw $timeoutMinErr('badprom',
+            '`$timeout.cancel()` called with a promise that was not generated by `$timeout()`.');
+      }
+
+      if (!deferreds.hasOwnProperty(promise.$$timeoutId)) return false;
+
+      var id = promise.$$timeoutId;
+      var deferred = deferreds[id];
+
+      // Timeout cancels should not report an unhandled promise.
+      markQExceptionHandled(deferred.promise);
+      deferred.reject('canceled');
+      delete deferreds[id];
+
+      return $browser.defer.cancel(id);
+    };
+
+    return timeout;
+  }];
+}
+
+// NOTE:  The usage of window and document instead of $window and $document here is
+// deliberate.  This service depends on the specific behavior of anchor nodes created by the
+// browser (resolving and parsing URLs) that is unlikely to be provided by mock objects and
+// cause us to break tests.  In addition, when the browser resolves a URL for XHR, it
+// doesn't know about mocked locations and resolves URLs to the real document - which is
+// exactly the behavior needed here.  There is little value is mocking these out for this
+// service.
+var urlParsingNode = window.document.createElement('a');
+var originUrl = urlResolve(window.location.href);
+var baseUrlParsingNode;
+
+urlParsingNode.href = 'http://[::1]';
+
+// Support: IE 9-11 only, Edge 16-17 only (fixed in 18 Preview)
+// IE/Edge don't wrap IPv6 addresses' hostnames in square brackets
+// when parsed out of an anchor element.
+var ipv6InBrackets = urlParsingNode.hostname === '[::1]';
+
+/**
+ *
+ * Implementation Notes for non-IE browsers
+ * ----------------------------------------
+ * Assigning a URL to the href property of an anchor DOM node, even one attached to the DOM,
+ * results both in the normalizing and parsing of the URL.  Normalizing means that a relative
+ * URL will be resolved into an absolute URL in the context of the application document.
+ * Parsing means that the anchor node's host, hostname, protocol, port, pathname and related
+ * properties are all populated to reflect the normalized URL.  This approach has wide
+ * compatibility - Safari 1+, Mozilla 1+ etc.  See
+ * http://www.aptana.com/reference/html/api/HTMLAnchorElement.html
+ *
+ * Implementation Notes for IE
+ * ---------------------------
+ * IE <= 10 normalizes the URL when assigned to the anchor node similar to the other
+ * browsers.  However, the parsed components will not be set if the URL assigned did not specify
+ * them.  (e.g. if you assign a.href = "foo", then a.protocol, a.host, etc. will be empty.)  We
+ * work around that by performing the parsing in a 2nd step by taking a previously normalized
+ * URL (e.g. by assigning to a.href) and assigning it a.href again.  This correctly populates the
+ * properties such as protocol, hostname, port, etc.
+ *
+ * References:
+ *   http://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLAnchorElement
+ *   http://www.aptana.com/reference/html/api/HTMLAnchorElement.html
+ *   http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlutils
+ *   https://github.com/angular/angular.js/pull/2902
+ *   http://james.padolsey.com/javascript/parsing-urls-with-the-dom/
+ *
+ * @kind function
+ * @param {string|object} url The URL to be parsed. If `url` is not a string, it will be returned
+ *     unchanged.
+ * @description Normalizes and parses a URL.
+ * @returns {object} Returns the normalized URL as a dictionary.
+ *
+ *   | member name   | Description                                                            |
+ *   |---------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+ *   | href          | A normalized version of the provided URL if it was not an absolute URL |
+ *   | protocol      | The protocol without the trailing colon                                |
+ *   | host          | The host and port (if the port is non-default) of the normalizedUrl    |
+ *   | search        | The search params, minus the question mark                             |
+ *   | hash          | The hash string, minus the hash symbol                                 |
+ *   | hostname      | The hostname                                                           |
+ *   | port          | The port, without ":"                                                  |
+ *   | pathname      | The pathname, beginning with "/"                                       |
+ *
+ */
+function urlResolve(url) {
+  if (!isString(url)) return url;
+
+  var href = url;
+
+  // Support: IE 9-11 only
+  if (msie) {
+    // Normalize before parse.  Refer Implementation Notes on why this is
+    // done in two steps on IE.
+    urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);
+    href = urlParsingNode.href;
+  }
+
+  urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);
+
+  var hostname = urlParsingNode.hostname;
+
+  if (!ipv6InBrackets && hostname.indexOf(':') > -1) {
+    hostname = '[' + hostname + ']';
+  }
+
+  return {
+    href: urlParsingNode.href,
+    protocol: urlParsingNode.protocol ? urlParsingNode.protocol.replace(/:$/, '') : '',
+    host: urlParsingNode.host,
+    search: urlParsingNode.search ? urlParsingNode.search.replace(/^\?/, '') : '',
+    hash: urlParsingNode.hash ? urlParsingNode.hash.replace(/^#/, '') : '',
+    hostname: hostname,
+    port: urlParsingNode.port,
+    pathname: (urlParsingNode.pathname.charAt(0) === '/')
+      ? urlParsingNode.pathname
+      : '/' + urlParsingNode.pathname
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse a request URL and determine whether this is a same-origin request as the application
+ * document.
+ *
+ * @param {string|object} requestUrl The url of the request as a string that will be resolved
+ * or a parsed URL object.
+ * @returns {boolean} Whether the request is for the same origin as the application document.
+ */
+function urlIsSameOrigin(requestUrl) {
+  return urlsAreSameOrigin(requestUrl, originUrl);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse a request URL and determine whether it is same-origin as the current document base URL.
+ *
+ * Note: The base URL is usually the same as the document location (`location.href`) but can
+ * be overriden by using the `<base>` tag.
+ *
+ * @param {string|object} requestUrl The url of the request as a string that will be resolved
+ * or a parsed URL object.
+ * @returns {boolean} Whether the URL is same-origin as the document base URL.
+ */
+function urlIsSameOriginAsBaseUrl(requestUrl) {
+  return urlsAreSameOrigin(requestUrl, getBaseUrl());
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a function that can check a URL's origin against a list of allowed/trusted origins.
+ * The current location's origin is implicitly trusted.
+ *
+ * @param {string[]} trustedOriginUrls - A list of URLs (strings), whose origins are trusted.
+ *
+ * @returns {Function} - A function that receives a URL (string or parsed URL object) and returns
+ *     whether it is of an allowed origin.
+ */
+function urlIsAllowedOriginFactory(trustedOriginUrls) {
+  var parsedAllowedOriginUrls = [originUrl].concat(trustedOriginUrls.map(urlResolve));
+
+  /**
+   * Check whether the specified URL (string or parsed URL object) has an origin that is allowed
+   * based on a list of trusted-origin URLs. The current location's origin is implicitly
+   * trusted.
+   *
+   * @param {string|Object} requestUrl - The URL to be checked (provided as a string that will be
+   *     resolved or a parsed URL object).
+   *
+   * @returns {boolean} - Whether the specified URL is of an allowed origin.
+   */
+  return function urlIsAllowedOrigin(requestUrl) {
+    var parsedUrl = urlResolve(requestUrl);
+    return parsedAllowedOriginUrls.some(urlsAreSameOrigin.bind(null, parsedUrl));
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if two URLs share the same origin.
+ *
+ * @param {string|Object} url1 - First URL to compare as a string or a normalized URL in the form of
+ *     a dictionary object returned by `urlResolve()`.
+ * @param {string|object} url2 - Second URL to compare as a string or a normalized URL in the form
+ *     of a dictionary object returned by `urlResolve()`.
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean} - True if both URLs have the same origin, and false otherwise.
+ */
+function urlsAreSameOrigin(url1, url2) {
+  url1 = urlResolve(url1);
+  url2 = urlResolve(url2);
+
+  return (url1.protocol === url2.protocol &&
+          url1.host === url2.host);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns the current document base URL.
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+function getBaseUrl() {
+  if (window.document.baseURI) {
+    return window.document.baseURI;
+  }
+
+  // `document.baseURI` is available everywhere except IE
+  if (!baseUrlParsingNode) {
+    baseUrlParsingNode = window.document.createElement('a');
+    baseUrlParsingNode.href = '.';
+
+    // Work-around for IE bug described in Implementation Notes. The fix in `urlResolve()` is not
+    // suitable here because we need to track changes to the base URL.
+    baseUrlParsingNode = baseUrlParsingNode.cloneNode(false);
+  }
+  return baseUrlParsingNode.href;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $window
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A reference to the browser's `window` object. While `window`
+ * is globally available in JavaScript, it causes testability problems, because
+ * it is a global variable. In AngularJS we always refer to it through the
+ * `$window` service, so it may be overridden, removed or mocked for testing.
+ *
+ * Expressions, like the one defined for the `ngClick` directive in the example
+ * below, are evaluated with respect to the current scope.  Therefore, there is
+ * no risk of inadvertently coding in a dependency on a global value in such an
+ * expression.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="windowExample" name="window-service">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('windowExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$window', function($scope, $window) {
+             $scope.greeting = 'Hello, World!';
+             $scope.doGreeting = function(greeting) {
+               $window.alert(greeting);
+             };
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <input type="text" ng-model="greeting" aria-label="greeting" />
+         <button ng-click="doGreeting(greeting)">ALERT</button>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      it('should display the greeting in the input box', function() {
+       element(by.model('greeting')).sendKeys('Hello, E2E Tests');
+       // If we click the button it will block the test runner
+       // element(':button').click();
+      });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+function $WindowProvider() {
+  this.$get = valueFn(window);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @name $$cookieReader
+ * @requires $document
+ *
+ * @description
+ * This is a private service for reading cookies used by $http and ngCookies
+ *
+ * @return {Object} a key/value map of the current cookies
+ */
+function $$CookieReader($document) {
+  var rawDocument = $document[0] || {};
+  var lastCookies = {};
+  var lastCookieString = '';
+
+  function safeGetCookie(rawDocument) {
+    try {
+      return rawDocument.cookie || '';
+    } catch (e) {
+      return '';
+    }
+  }
+
+  function safeDecodeURIComponent(str) {
+    try {
+      return decodeURIComponent(str);
+    } catch (e) {
+      return str;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return function() {
+    var cookieArray, cookie, i, index, name;
+    var currentCookieString = safeGetCookie(rawDocument);
+
+    if (currentCookieString !== lastCookieString) {
+      lastCookieString = currentCookieString;
+      cookieArray = lastCookieString.split('; ');
+      lastCookies = {};
+
+      for (i = 0; i < cookieArray.length; i++) {
+        cookie = cookieArray[i];
+        index = cookie.indexOf('=');
+        if (index > 0) { //ignore nameless cookies
+          name = safeDecodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(0, index));
+          // the first value that is seen for a cookie is the most
+          // specific one.  values for the same cookie name that
+          // follow are for less specific paths.
+          if (isUndefined(lastCookies[name])) {
+            lastCookies[name] = safeDecodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(index + 1));
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return lastCookies;
+  };
+}
+
+$$CookieReader.$inject = ['$document'];
+
+/** @this */
+function $$CookieReaderProvider() {
+  this.$get = $$CookieReader;
+}
+
+/* global currencyFilter: true,
+ dateFilter: true,
+ filterFilter: true,
+ jsonFilter: true,
+ limitToFilter: true,
+ lowercaseFilter: true,
+ numberFilter: true,
+ orderByFilter: true,
+ uppercaseFilter: true,
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $filterProvider
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Filters are just functions which transform input to an output. However filters need to be
+ * Dependency Injected. To achieve this a filter definition consists of a factory function which is
+ * annotated with dependencies and is responsible for creating a filter function.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** Filter names must be valid AngularJS {@link expression} identifiers, such as `uppercase` or `orderBy`.
+ * Names with special characters, such as hyphens and dots, are not allowed. If you wish to namespace
+ * your filters, then you can use capitalization (`myappSubsectionFilterx`) or underscores
+ * (`myapp_subsection_filterx`).
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   // Filter registration
+ *   function MyModule($provide, $filterProvider) {
+ *     // create a service to demonstrate injection (not always needed)
+ *     $provide.value('greet', function(name){
+ *       return 'Hello ' + name + '!';
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     // register a filter factory which uses the
+ *     // greet service to demonstrate DI.
+ *     $filterProvider.register('greet', function(greet){
+ *       // return the filter function which uses the greet service
+ *       // to generate salutation
+ *       return function(text) {
+ *         // filters need to be forgiving so check input validity
+ *         return text && greet(text) || text;
+ *       };
+ *     });
+ *   }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The filter function is registered with the `$injector` under the filter name suffix with
+ * `Filter`.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   it('should be the same instance', inject(
+ *     function($filterProvider) {
+ *       $filterProvider.register('reverse', function(){
+ *         return ...;
+ *       });
+ *     },
+ *     function($filter, reverseFilter) {
+ *       expect($filter('reverse')).toBe(reverseFilter);
+ *     });
+ * ```
+ *
+ *
+ * For more information about how AngularJS filters work, and how to create your own filters, see
+ * {@link guide/filter Filters} in the AngularJS Developer Guide.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $filter
+ * @kind function
+ * @description
+ * Filters are used for formatting data displayed to the user.
+ *
+ * They can be used in view templates, controllers or services. AngularJS comes
+ * with a collection of [built-in filters](api/ng/filter), but it is easy to
+ * define your own as well.
+ *
+ * The general syntax in templates is as follows:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * {{ expression [| filter_name[:parameter_value] ... ] }}
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {String} name Name of the filter function to retrieve
+ * @return {Function} the filter function
+ * @example
+   <example name="$filter" module="filterExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="MainCtrl">
+        <h3>{{ originalText }}</h3>
+        <h3>{{ filteredText }}</h3>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+
+     <file name="script.js">
+      angular.module('filterExample', [])
+      .controller('MainCtrl', function($scope, $filter) {
+        $scope.originalText = 'hello';
+        $scope.filteredText = $filter('uppercase')($scope.originalText);
+      });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+  */
+$FilterProvider.$inject = ['$provide'];
+/** @this */
+function $FilterProvider($provide) {
+  var suffix = 'Filter';
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $filterProvider#register
+   * @param {string|Object} name Name of the filter function, or an object map of filters where
+   *    the keys are the filter names and the values are the filter factories.
+   *
+   *    <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   *    **Note:** Filter names must be valid AngularJS {@link expression} identifiers, such as `uppercase` or `orderBy`.
+   *    Names with special characters, such as hyphens and dots, are not allowed. If you wish to namespace
+   *    your filters, then you can use capitalization (`myappSubsectionFilterx`) or underscores
+   *    (`myapp_subsection_filterx`).
+   *    </div>
+    * @param {Function} factory If the first argument was a string, a factory function for the filter to be registered.
+   * @returns {Object} Registered filter instance, or if a map of filters was provided then a map
+   *    of the registered filter instances.
+   */
+  function register(name, factory) {
+    if (isObject(name)) {
+      var filters = {};
+      forEach(name, function(filter, key) {
+        filters[key] = register(key, filter);
+      });
+      return filters;
+    } else {
+      return $provide.factory(name + suffix, factory);
+    }
+  }
+  this.register = register;
+
+  this.$get = ['$injector', function($injector) {
+    return function(name) {
+      return $injector.get(name + suffix);
+    };
+  }];
+
+  ////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  /* global
+    currencyFilter: false,
+    dateFilter: false,
+    filterFilter: false,
+    jsonFilter: false,
+    limitToFilter: false,
+    lowercaseFilter: false,
+    numberFilter: false,
+    orderByFilter: false,
+    uppercaseFilter: false
+  */
+
+  register('currency', currencyFilter);
+  register('date', dateFilter);
+  register('filter', filterFilter);
+  register('json', jsonFilter);
+  register('limitTo', limitToFilter);
+  register('lowercase', lowercaseFilter);
+  register('number', numberFilter);
+  register('orderBy', orderByFilter);
+  register('uppercase', uppercaseFilter);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name filter
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Selects a subset of items from `array` and returns it as a new array.
+ *
+ * @param {Array} array The source array.
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ *   **Note**: If the array contains objects that reference themselves, filtering is not possible.
+ * </div>
+ * @param {string|Object|function()} expression The predicate to be used for selecting items from
+ *   `array`.
+ *
+ *   Can be one of:
+ *
+ *   - `string`: The string is used for matching against the contents of the `array`. All strings or
+ *     objects with string properties in `array` that match this string will be returned. This also
+ *     applies to nested object properties.
+ *     The predicate can be negated by prefixing the string with `!`.
+ *
+ *   - `Object`: A pattern object can be used to filter specific properties on objects contained
+ *     by `array`. For example `{name:"M", phone:"1"}` predicate will return an array of items
+ *     which have property `name` containing "M" and property `phone` containing "1". A special
+ *     property name (`$` by default) can be used (e.g. as in `{$: "text"}`) to accept a match
+ *     against any property of the object or its nested object properties. That's equivalent to the
+ *     simple substring match with a `string` as described above. The special property name can be
+ *     overwritten, using the `anyPropertyKey` parameter.
+ *     The predicate can be negated by prefixing the string with `!`.
+ *     For example `{name: "!M"}` predicate will return an array of items which have property `name`
+ *     not containing "M".
+ *
+ *     Note that a named property will match properties on the same level only, while the special
+ *     `$` property will match properties on the same level or deeper. E.g. an array item like
+ *     `{name: {first: 'John', last: 'Doe'}}` will **not** be matched by `{name: 'John'}`, but
+ *     **will** be matched by `{$: 'John'}`.
+ *
+ *   - `function(value, index, array)`: A predicate function can be used to write arbitrary filters.
+ *     The function is called for each element of the array, with the element, its index, and
+ *     the entire array itself as arguments.
+ *
+ *     The final result is an array of those elements that the predicate returned true for.
+ *
+ * @param {function(actual, expected)|true|false} [comparator] Comparator which is used in
+ *     determining if values retrieved using `expression` (when it is not a function) should be
+ *     considered a match based on the expected value (from the filter expression) and actual
+ *     value (from the object in the array).
+ *
+ *   Can be one of:
+ *
+ *   - `function(actual, expected)`:
+ *     The function will be given the object value and the predicate value to compare and
+ *     should return true if both values should be considered equal.
+ *
+ *   - `true`: A shorthand for `function(actual, expected) { return angular.equals(actual, expected)}`.
+ *     This is essentially strict comparison of expected and actual.
+ *
+ *   - `false`: A short hand for a function which will look for a substring match in a case
+ *     insensitive way. Primitive values are converted to strings. Objects are not compared against
+ *     primitives, unless they have a custom `toString` method (e.g. `Date` objects).
+ *
+ *
+ *   Defaults to `false`.
+ *
+ * @param {string} [anyPropertyKey] The special property name that matches against any property.
+ *     By default `$`.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="filter-filter">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-init="friends = [{name:'John', phone:'555-1276'},
+                                {name:'Mary', phone:'800-BIG-MARY'},
+                                {name:'Mike', phone:'555-4321'},
+                                {name:'Adam', phone:'555-5678'},
+                                {name:'Julie', phone:'555-8765'},
+                                {name:'Juliette', phone:'555-5678'}]"></div>
+
+       <label>Search: <input ng-model="searchText"></label>
+       <table id="searchTextResults">
+         <tr><th>Name</th><th>Phone</th></tr>
+         <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | filter:searchText">
+           <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+           <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
+         </tr>
+       </table>
+       <hr>
+       <label>Any: <input ng-model="search.$"></label> <br>
+       <label>Name only <input ng-model="search.name"></label><br>
+       <label>Phone only <input ng-model="search.phone"></label><br>
+       <label>Equality <input type="checkbox" ng-model="strict"></label><br>
+       <table id="searchObjResults">
+         <tr><th>Name</th><th>Phone</th></tr>
+         <tr ng-repeat="friendObj in friends | filter:search:strict">
+           <td>{{friendObj.name}}</td>
+           <td>{{friendObj.phone}}</td>
+         </tr>
+       </table>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       var expectFriendNames = function(expectedNames, key) {
+         element.all(by.repeater(key + ' in friends').column(key + '.name')).then(function(arr) {
+           arr.forEach(function(wd, i) {
+             expect(wd.getText()).toMatch(expectedNames[i]);
+           });
+         });
+       };
+
+       it('should search across all fields when filtering with a string', function() {
+         var searchText = element(by.model('searchText'));
+         searchText.clear();
+         searchText.sendKeys('m');
+         expectFriendNames(['Mary', 'Mike', 'Adam'], 'friend');
+
+         searchText.clear();
+         searchText.sendKeys('76');
+         expectFriendNames(['John', 'Julie'], 'friend');
+       });
+
+       it('should search in specific fields when filtering with a predicate object', function() {
+         var searchAny = element(by.model('search.$'));
+         searchAny.clear();
+         searchAny.sendKeys('i');
+         expectFriendNames(['Mary', 'Mike', 'Julie', 'Juliette'], 'friendObj');
+       });
+       it('should use a equal comparison when comparator is true', function() {
+         var searchName = element(by.model('search.name'));
+         var strict = element(by.model('strict'));
+         searchName.clear();
+         searchName.sendKeys('Julie');
+         strict.click();
+         expectFriendNames(['Julie'], 'friendObj');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+function filterFilter() {
+  return function(array, expression, comparator, anyPropertyKey) {
+    if (!isArrayLike(array)) {
+      if (array == null) {
+        return array;
+      } else {
+        throw minErr('filter')('notarray', 'Expected array but received: {0}', array);
+      }
+    }
+
+    anyPropertyKey = anyPropertyKey || '$';
+    var expressionType = getTypeForFilter(expression);
+    var predicateFn;
+    var matchAgainstAnyProp;
+
+    switch (expressionType) {
+      case 'function':
+        predicateFn = expression;
+        break;
+      case 'boolean':
+      case 'null':
+      case 'number':
+      case 'string':
+        matchAgainstAnyProp = true;
+        // falls through
+      case 'object':
+        predicateFn = createPredicateFn(expression, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp);
+        break;
+      default:
+        return array;
+    }
+
+    return Array.prototype.filter.call(array, predicateFn);
+  };
+}
+
+// Helper functions for `filterFilter`
+function createPredicateFn(expression, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp) {
+  var shouldMatchPrimitives = isObject(expression) && (anyPropertyKey in expression);
+  var predicateFn;
+
+  if (comparator === true) {
+    comparator = equals;
+  } else if (!isFunction(comparator)) {
+    comparator = function(actual, expected) {
+      if (isUndefined(actual)) {
+        // No substring matching against `undefined`
+        return false;
+      }
+      if ((actual === null) || (expected === null)) {
+        // No substring matching against `null`; only match against `null`
+        return actual === expected;
+      }
+      if (isObject(expected) || (isObject(actual) && !hasCustomToString(actual))) {
+        // Should not compare primitives against objects, unless they have custom `toString` method
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      actual = lowercase('' + actual);
+      expected = lowercase('' + expected);
+      return actual.indexOf(expected) !== -1;
+    };
+  }
+
+  predicateFn = function(item) {
+    if (shouldMatchPrimitives && !isObject(item)) {
+      return deepCompare(item, expression[anyPropertyKey], comparator, anyPropertyKey, false);
+    }
+    return deepCompare(item, expression, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp);
+  };
+
+  return predicateFn;
+}
+
+function deepCompare(actual, expected, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp, dontMatchWholeObject) {
+  var actualType = getTypeForFilter(actual);
+  var expectedType = getTypeForFilter(expected);
+
+  if ((expectedType === 'string') && (expected.charAt(0) === '!')) {
+    return !deepCompare(actual, expected.substring(1), comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp);
+  } else if (isArray(actual)) {
+    // In case `actual` is an array, consider it a match
+    // if ANY of it's items matches `expected`
+    return actual.some(function(item) {
+      return deepCompare(item, expected, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp);
+    });
+  }
+
+  switch (actualType) {
+    case 'object':
+      var key;
+      if (matchAgainstAnyProp) {
+        for (key in actual) {
+          // Under certain, rare, circumstances, key may not be a string and `charAt` will be undefined
+          // See: https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/15644
+          if (key.charAt && (key.charAt(0) !== '$') &&
+              deepCompare(actual[key], expected, comparator, anyPropertyKey, true)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+        }
+        return dontMatchWholeObject ? false : deepCompare(actual, expected, comparator, anyPropertyKey, false);
+      } else if (expectedType === 'object') {
+        for (key in expected) {
+          var expectedVal = expected[key];
+          if (isFunction(expectedVal) || isUndefined(expectedVal)) {
+            continue;
+          }
+
+          var matchAnyProperty = key === anyPropertyKey;
+          var actualVal = matchAnyProperty ? actual : actual[key];
+          if (!deepCompare(actualVal, expectedVal, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAnyProperty, matchAnyProperty)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        return true;
+      } else {
+        return comparator(actual, expected);
+      }
+    case 'function':
+      return false;
+    default:
+      return comparator(actual, expected);
+  }
+}
+
+// Used for easily differentiating between `null` and actual `object`
+function getTypeForFilter(val) {
+  return (val === null) ? 'null' : typeof val;
+}
+
+var MAX_DIGITS = 22;
+var DECIMAL_SEP = '.';
+var ZERO_CHAR = '0';
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name currency
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Formats a number as a currency (ie $1,234.56). When no currency symbol is provided, default
+ * symbol for current locale is used.
+ *
+ * @param {number} amount Input to filter.
+ * @param {string=} symbol Currency symbol or identifier to be displayed.
+ * @param {number=} fractionSize Number of decimal places to round the amount to, defaults to default max fraction size for current locale
+ * @returns {string} Formatted number.
+ *
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="currencyExample" name="currency-filter">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('currencyExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.amount = 1234.56;
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <input type="number" ng-model="amount" aria-label="amount"> <br>
+         default currency symbol ($): <span id="currency-default">{{amount | currency}}</span><br>
+         custom currency identifier (USD$): <span id="currency-custom">{{amount | currency:"USD$"}}</span><br>
+         no fractions (0): <span id="currency-no-fractions">{{amount | currency:"USD$":0}}</span>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should init with 1234.56', function() {
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-default')).getText()).toBe('$1,234.56');
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-custom')).getText()).toBe('USD$1,234.56');
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-no-fractions')).getText()).toBe('USD$1,235');
+       });
+       it('should update', function() {
+         if (browser.params.browser === 'safari') {
+           // Safari does not understand the minus key. See
+           // https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/481
+           return;
+         }
+         element(by.model('amount')).clear();
+         element(by.model('amount')).sendKeys('-1234');
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-default')).getText()).toBe('-$1,234.00');
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-custom')).getText()).toBe('-USD$1,234.00');
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-no-fractions')).getText()).toBe('-USD$1,234');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+currencyFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
+function currencyFilter($locale) {
+  var formats = $locale.NUMBER_FORMATS;
+  return function(amount, currencySymbol, fractionSize) {
+    if (isUndefined(currencySymbol)) {
+      currencySymbol = formats.CURRENCY_SYM;
+    }
+
+    if (isUndefined(fractionSize)) {
+      fractionSize = formats.PATTERNS[1].maxFrac;
+    }
+
+    // If the currency symbol is empty, trim whitespace around the symbol
+    var currencySymbolRe = !currencySymbol ? /\s*\u00A4\s*/g : /\u00A4/g;
+
+    // if null or undefined pass it through
+    return (amount == null)
+        ? amount
+        : formatNumber(amount, formats.PATTERNS[1], formats.GROUP_SEP, formats.DECIMAL_SEP, fractionSize).
+            replace(currencySymbolRe, currencySymbol);
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name number
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Formats a number as text.
+ *
+ * If the input is null or undefined, it will just be returned.
+ * If the input is infinite (Infinity or -Infinity), the Infinity symbol '∞' or '-∞' is returned, respectively.
+ * If the input is not a number an empty string is returned.
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {number|string} number Number to format.
+ * @param {(number|string)=} fractionSize Number of decimal places to round the number to.
+ * If this is not provided then the fraction size is computed from the current locale's number
+ * formatting pattern. In the case of the default locale, it will be 3.
+ * @returns {string} Number rounded to `fractionSize` appropriately formatted based on the current
+ *                   locale (e.g., in the en_US locale it will have "." as the decimal separator and
+ *                   include "," group separators after each third digit).
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="numberFilterExample" name="number-filter">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('numberFilterExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.val = 1234.56789;
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <label>Enter number: <input ng-model='val'></label><br>
+         Default formatting: <span id='number-default'>{{val | number}}</span><br>
+         No fractions: <span>{{val | number:0}}</span><br>
+         Negative number: <span>{{-val | number:4}}</span>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should format numbers', function() {
+         expect(element(by.id('number-default')).getText()).toBe('1,234.568');
+         expect(element(by.binding('val | number:0')).getText()).toBe('1,235');
+         expect(element(by.binding('-val | number:4')).getText()).toBe('-1,234.5679');
+       });
+
+       it('should update', function() {
+         element(by.model('val')).clear();
+         element(by.model('val')).sendKeys('3374.333');
+         expect(element(by.id('number-default')).getText()).toBe('3,374.333');
+         expect(element(by.binding('val | number:0')).getText()).toBe('3,374');
+         expect(element(by.binding('-val | number:4')).getText()).toBe('-3,374.3330');
+      });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+numberFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
+function numberFilter($locale) {
+  var formats = $locale.NUMBER_FORMATS;
+  return function(number, fractionSize) {
+
+    // if null or undefined pass it through
+    return (number == null)
+        ? number
+        : formatNumber(number, formats.PATTERNS[0], formats.GROUP_SEP, formats.DECIMAL_SEP,
+                       fractionSize);
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse a number (as a string) into three components that can be used
+ * for formatting the number.
+ *
+ * (Significant bits of this parse algorithm came from https://github.com/MikeMcl/big.js/)
+ *
+ * @param  {string} numStr The number to parse
+ * @return {object} An object describing this number, containing the following keys:
+ *  - d : an array of digits containing leading zeros as necessary
+ *  - i : the number of the digits in `d` that are to the left of the decimal point
+ *  - e : the exponent for numbers that would need more than `MAX_DIGITS` digits in `d`
+ *
+ */
+function parse(numStr) {
+  var exponent = 0, digits, numberOfIntegerDigits;
+  var i, j, zeros;
+
+  // Decimal point?
+  if ((numberOfIntegerDigits = numStr.indexOf(DECIMAL_SEP)) > -1) {
+    numStr = numStr.replace(DECIMAL_SEP, '');
+  }
+
+  // Exponential form?
+  if ((i = numStr.search(/e/i)) > 0) {
+    // Work out the exponent.
+    if (numberOfIntegerDigits < 0) numberOfIntegerDigits = i;
+    numberOfIntegerDigits += +numStr.slice(i + 1);
+    numStr = numStr.substring(0, i);
+  } else if (numberOfIntegerDigits < 0) {
+    // There was no decimal point or exponent so it is an integer.
+    numberOfIntegerDigits = numStr.length;
+  }
+
+  // Count the number of leading zeros.
+  for (i = 0; numStr.charAt(i) === ZERO_CHAR; i++) { /* empty */ }
+
+  if (i === (zeros = numStr.length)) {
+    // The digits are all zero.
+    digits = [0];
+    numberOfIntegerDigits = 1;
+  } else {
+    // Count the number of trailing zeros
+    zeros--;
+    while (numStr.charAt(zeros) === ZERO_CHAR) zeros--;
+
+    // Trailing zeros are insignificant so ignore them
+    numberOfIntegerDigits -= i;
+    digits = [];
+    // Convert string to array of digits without leading/trailing zeros.
+    for (j = 0; i <= zeros; i++, j++) {
+      digits[j] = +numStr.charAt(i);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // If the number overflows the maximum allowed digits then use an exponent.
+  if (numberOfIntegerDigits > MAX_DIGITS) {
+    digits = digits.splice(0, MAX_DIGITS - 1);
+    exponent = numberOfIntegerDigits - 1;
+    numberOfIntegerDigits = 1;
+  }
+
+  return { d: digits, e: exponent, i: numberOfIntegerDigits };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Round the parsed number to the specified number of decimal places
+ * This function changed the parsedNumber in-place
+ */
+function roundNumber(parsedNumber, fractionSize, minFrac, maxFrac) {
+    var digits = parsedNumber.d;
+    var fractionLen = digits.length - parsedNumber.i;
+
+    // determine fractionSize if it is not specified; `+fractionSize` converts it to a number
+    fractionSize = (isUndefined(fractionSize)) ? Math.min(Math.max(minFrac, fractionLen), maxFrac) : +fractionSize;
+
+    // The index of the digit to where rounding is to occur
+    var roundAt = fractionSize + parsedNumber.i;
+    var digit = digits[roundAt];
+
+    if (roundAt > 0) {
+      // Drop fractional digits beyond `roundAt`
+      digits.splice(Math.max(parsedNumber.i, roundAt));
+
+      // Set non-fractional digits beyond `roundAt` to 0
+      for (var j = roundAt; j < digits.length; j++) {
+        digits[j] = 0;
+      }
+    } else {
+      // We rounded to zero so reset the parsedNumber
+      fractionLen = Math.max(0, fractionLen);
+      parsedNumber.i = 1;
+      digits.length = Math.max(1, roundAt = fractionSize + 1);
+      digits[0] = 0;
+      for (var i = 1; i < roundAt; i++) digits[i] = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (digit >= 5) {
+      if (roundAt - 1 < 0) {
+        for (var k = 0; k > roundAt; k--) {
+          digits.unshift(0);
+          parsedNumber.i++;
+        }
+        digits.unshift(1);
+        parsedNumber.i++;
+      } else {
+        digits[roundAt - 1]++;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Pad out with zeros to get the required fraction length
+    for (; fractionLen < Math.max(0, fractionSize); fractionLen++) digits.push(0);
+
+
+    // Do any carrying, e.g. a digit was rounded up to 10
+    var carry = digits.reduceRight(function(carry, d, i, digits) {
+      d = d + carry;
+      digits[i] = d % 10;
+      return Math.floor(d / 10);
+    }, 0);
+    if (carry) {
+      digits.unshift(carry);
+      parsedNumber.i++;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Format a number into a string
+ * @param  {number} number       The number to format
+ * @param  {{
+ *           minFrac, // the minimum number of digits required in the fraction part of the number
+ *           maxFrac, // the maximum number of digits required in the fraction part of the number
+ *           gSize,   // number of digits in each group of separated digits
+ *           lgSize,  // number of digits in the last group of digits before the decimal separator
+ *           negPre,  // the string to go in front of a negative number (e.g. `-` or `(`))
+ *           posPre,  // the string to go in front of a positive number
+ *           negSuf,  // the string to go after a negative number (e.g. `)`)
+ *           posSuf   // the string to go after a positive number
+ *         }} pattern
+ * @param  {string} groupSep     The string to separate groups of number (e.g. `,`)
+ * @param  {string} decimalSep   The string to act as the decimal separator (e.g. `.`)
+ * @param  {[type]} fractionSize The size of the fractional part of the number
+ * @return {string}              The number formatted as a string
+ */
+function formatNumber(number, pattern, groupSep, decimalSep, fractionSize) {
+
+  if (!(isString(number) || isNumber(number)) || isNaN(number)) return '';
+
+  var isInfinity = !isFinite(number);
+  var isZero = false;
+  var numStr = Math.abs(number) + '',
+      formattedText = '',
+      parsedNumber;
+
+  if (isInfinity) {
+    formattedText = '\u221e';
+  } else {
+    parsedNumber = parse(numStr);
+
+    roundNumber(parsedNumber, fractionSize, pattern.minFrac, pattern.maxFrac);
+
+    var digits = parsedNumber.d;
+    var integerLen = parsedNumber.i;
+    var exponent = parsedNumber.e;
+    var decimals = [];
+    isZero = digits.reduce(function(isZero, d) { return isZero && !d; }, true);
+
+    // pad zeros for small numbers
+    while (integerLen < 0) {
+      digits.unshift(0);
+      integerLen++;
+    }
+
+    // extract decimals digits
+    if (integerLen > 0) {
+      decimals = digits.splice(integerLen, digits.length);
+    } else {
+      decimals = digits;
+      digits = [0];
+    }
+
+    // format the integer digits with grouping separators
+    var groups = [];
+    if (digits.length >= pattern.lgSize) {
+      groups.unshift(digits.splice(-pattern.lgSize, digits.length).join(''));
+    }
+    while (digits.length > pattern.gSize) {
+      groups.unshift(digits.splice(-pattern.gSize, digits.length).join(''));
+    }
+    if (digits.length) {
+      groups.unshift(digits.join(''));
+    }
+    formattedText = groups.join(groupSep);
+
+    // append the decimal digits
+    if (decimals.length) {
+      formattedText += decimalSep + decimals.join('');
+    }
+
+    if (exponent) {
+      formattedText += 'e+' + exponent;
+    }
+  }
+  if (number < 0 && !isZero) {
+    return pattern.negPre + formattedText + pattern.negSuf;
+  } else {
+    return pattern.posPre + formattedText + pattern.posSuf;
+  }
+}
+
+function padNumber(num, digits, trim, negWrap) {
+  var neg = '';
+  if (num < 0 || (negWrap && num <= 0)) {
+    if (negWrap) {
+      num = -num + 1;
+    } else {
+      num = -num;
+      neg = '-';
+    }
+  }
+  num = '' + num;
+  while (num.length < digits) num = ZERO_CHAR + num;
+  if (trim) {
+    num = num.substr(num.length - digits);
+  }
+  return neg + num;
+}
+
+
+function dateGetter(name, size, offset, trim, negWrap) {
+  offset = offset || 0;
+  return function(date) {
+    var value = date['get' + name]();
+    if (offset > 0 || value > -offset) {
+      value += offset;
+    }
+    if (value === 0 && offset === -12) value = 12;
+    return padNumber(value, size, trim, negWrap);
+  };
+}
+
+function dateStrGetter(name, shortForm, standAlone) {
+  return function(date, formats) {
+    var value = date['get' + name]();
+    var propPrefix = (standAlone ? 'STANDALONE' : '') + (shortForm ? 'SHORT' : '');
+    var get = uppercase(propPrefix + name);
+
+    return formats[get][value];
+  };
+}
+
+function timeZoneGetter(date, formats, offset) {
+  var zone = -1 * offset;
+  var paddedZone = (zone >= 0) ? '+' : '';
+
+  paddedZone += padNumber(Math[zone > 0 ? 'floor' : 'ceil'](zone / 60), 2) +
+                padNumber(Math.abs(zone % 60), 2);
+
+  return paddedZone;
+}
+
+function getFirstThursdayOfYear(year) {
+    // 0 = index of January
+    var dayOfWeekOnFirst = (new Date(year, 0, 1)).getDay();
+    // 4 = index of Thursday (+1 to account for 1st = 5)
+    // 11 = index of *next* Thursday (+1 account for 1st = 12)
+    return new Date(year, 0, ((dayOfWeekOnFirst <= 4) ? 5 : 12) - dayOfWeekOnFirst);
+}
+
+function getThursdayThisWeek(datetime) {
+    return new Date(datetime.getFullYear(), datetime.getMonth(),
+      // 4 = index of Thursday
+      datetime.getDate() + (4 - datetime.getDay()));
+}
+
+function weekGetter(size) {
+   return function(date) {
+      var firstThurs = getFirstThursdayOfYear(date.getFullYear()),
+         thisThurs = getThursdayThisWeek(date);
+
+      var diff = +thisThurs - +firstThurs,
+         result = 1 + Math.round(diff / 6.048e8); // 6.048e8 ms per week
+
+      return padNumber(result, size);
+   };
+}
+
+function ampmGetter(date, formats) {
+  return date.getHours() < 12 ? formats.AMPMS[0] : formats.AMPMS[1];
+}
+
+function eraGetter(date, formats) {
+  return date.getFullYear() <= 0 ? formats.ERAS[0] : formats.ERAS[1];
+}
+
+function longEraGetter(date, formats) {
+  return date.getFullYear() <= 0 ? formats.ERANAMES[0] : formats.ERANAMES[1];
+}
+
+var DATE_FORMATS = {
+  yyyy: dateGetter('FullYear', 4, 0, false, true),
+    yy: dateGetter('FullYear', 2, 0, true, true),
+     y: dateGetter('FullYear', 1, 0, false, true),
+  MMMM: dateStrGetter('Month'),
+   MMM: dateStrGetter('Month', true),
+    MM: dateGetter('Month', 2, 1),
+     M: dateGetter('Month', 1, 1),
+  LLLL: dateStrGetter('Month', false, true),
+    dd: dateGetter('Date', 2),
+     d: dateGetter('Date', 1),
+    HH: dateGetter('Hours', 2),
+     H: dateGetter('Hours', 1),
+    hh: dateGetter('Hours', 2, -12),
+     h: dateGetter('Hours', 1, -12),
+    mm: dateGetter('Minutes', 2),
+     m: dateGetter('Minutes', 1),
+    ss: dateGetter('Seconds', 2),
+     s: dateGetter('Seconds', 1),
+     // while ISO 8601 requires fractions to be prefixed with `.` or `,`
+     // we can be just safely rely on using `sss` since we currently don't support single or two digit fractions
+   sss: dateGetter('Milliseconds', 3),
+  EEEE: dateStrGetter('Day'),
+   EEE: dateStrGetter('Day', true),
+     a: ampmGetter,
+     Z: timeZoneGetter,
+    ww: weekGetter(2),
+     w: weekGetter(1),
+     G: eraGetter,
+     GG: eraGetter,
+     GGG: eraGetter,
+     GGGG: longEraGetter
+};
+
+var DATE_FORMATS_SPLIT = /((?:[^yMLdHhmsaZEwG']+)|(?:'(?:[^']|'')*')|(?:E+|y+|M+|L+|d+|H+|h+|m+|s+|a|Z|G+|w+))([\s\S]*)/,
+    NUMBER_STRING = /^-?\d+$/;
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name date
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *   Formats `date` to a string based on the requested `format`.
+ *
+ *   `format` string can be composed of the following elements:
+ *
+ *   * `'yyyy'`: 4 digit representation of year (e.g. AD 1 => 0001, AD 2010 => 2010)
+ *   * `'yy'`: 2 digit representation of year, padded (00-99). (e.g. AD 2001 => 01, AD 2010 => 10)
+ *   * `'y'`: 1 digit representation of year, e.g. (AD 1 => 1, AD 199 => 199)
+ *   * `'MMMM'`: Month in year (January-December)
+ *   * `'MMM'`: Month in year (Jan-Dec)
+ *   * `'MM'`: Month in year, padded (01-12)
+ *   * `'M'`: Month in year (1-12)
+ *   * `'LLLL'`: Stand-alone month in year (January-December)
+ *   * `'dd'`: Day in month, padded (01-31)
+ *   * `'d'`: Day in month (1-31)
+ *   * `'EEEE'`: Day in Week,(Sunday-Saturday)
+ *   * `'EEE'`: Day in Week, (Sun-Sat)
+ *   * `'HH'`: Hour in day, padded (00-23)
+ *   * `'H'`: Hour in day (0-23)
+ *   * `'hh'`: Hour in AM/PM, padded (01-12)
+ *   * `'h'`: Hour in AM/PM, (1-12)
+ *   * `'mm'`: Minute in hour, padded (00-59)
+ *   * `'m'`: Minute in hour (0-59)
+ *   * `'ss'`: Second in minute, padded (00-59)
+ *   * `'s'`: Second in minute (0-59)
+ *   * `'sss'`: Millisecond in second, padded (000-999)
+ *   * `'a'`: AM/PM marker
+ *   * `'Z'`: 4 digit (+sign) representation of the timezone offset (-1200-+1200)
+ *   * `'ww'`: Week of year, padded (00-53). Week 01 is the week with the first Thursday of the year
+ *   * `'w'`: Week of year (0-53). Week 1 is the week with the first Thursday of the year
+ *   * `'G'`, `'GG'`, `'GGG'`: The abbreviated form of the era string (e.g. 'AD')
+ *   * `'GGGG'`: The long form of the era string (e.g. 'Anno Domini')
+ *
+ *   `format` string can also be one of the following predefined
+ *   {@link guide/i18n localizable formats}:
+ *
+ *   * `'medium'`: equivalent to `'MMM d, y h:mm:ss a'` for en_US locale
+ *     (e.g. Sep 3, 2010 12:05:08 PM)
+ *   * `'short'`: equivalent to `'M/d/yy h:mm a'` for en_US  locale (e.g. 9/3/10 12:05 PM)
+ *   * `'fullDate'`: equivalent to `'EEEE, MMMM d, y'` for en_US  locale
+ *     (e.g. Friday, September 3, 2010)
+ *   * `'longDate'`: equivalent to `'MMMM d, y'` for en_US  locale (e.g. September 3, 2010)
+ *   * `'mediumDate'`: equivalent to `'MMM d, y'` for en_US  locale (e.g. Sep 3, 2010)
+ *   * `'shortDate'`: equivalent to `'M/d/yy'` for en_US locale (e.g. 9/3/10)
+ *   * `'mediumTime'`: equivalent to `'h:mm:ss a'` for en_US locale (e.g. 12:05:08 PM)
+ *   * `'shortTime'`: equivalent to `'h:mm a'` for en_US locale (e.g. 12:05 PM)
+ *
+ *   `format` string can contain literal values. These need to be escaped by surrounding with single quotes (e.g.
+ *   `"h 'in the morning'"`). In order to output a single quote, escape it - i.e., two single quotes in a sequence
+ *   (e.g. `"h 'o''clock'"`).
+ *
+ *   Any other characters in the `format` string will be output as-is.
+ *
+ * @param {(Date|number|string)} date Date to format either as Date object, milliseconds (string or
+ *    number) or various ISO 8601 datetime string formats (e.g. yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.sssZ and its
+ *    shorter versions like yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mmZ, yyyy-MM-dd or yyyyMMddTHHmmssZ). If no timezone is
+ *    specified in the string input, the time is considered to be in the local timezone.
+ * @param {string=} format Formatting rules (see Description). If not specified,
+ *    `mediumDate` is used.
+ * @param {string=} timezone Timezone to be used for formatting. It understands UTC/GMT and the
+ *    continental US time zone abbreviations, but for general use, use a time zone offset, for
+ *    example, `'+0430'` (4 hours, 30 minutes east of the Greenwich meridian)
+ *    If not specified, the timezone of the browser will be used.
+ * @returns {string} Formatted string or the input if input is not recognized as date/millis.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="filter-date">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'medium'}}</span>:
+           <span>{{1288323623006 | date:'medium'}}</span><br>
+       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'}}</span>:
+          <span>{{1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'}}</span><br>
+       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'}}</span>:
+          <span>{{'1288323623006' | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'}}</span><br>
+       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:"MM/dd/yyyy 'at' h:mma"}}</span>:
+          <span>{{'1288323623006' | date:"MM/dd/yyyy 'at' h:mma"}}</span><br>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should format date', function() {
+         expect(element(by.binding("1288323623006 | date:'medium'")).getText()).
+            toMatch(/Oct 2\d, 2010 \d{1,2}:\d{2}:\d{2} (AM|PM)/);
+         expect(element(by.binding("1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'")).getText()).
+            toMatch(/2010-10-2\d \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2} (-|\+)?\d{4}/);
+         expect(element(by.binding("'1288323623006' | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'")).getText()).
+            toMatch(/10\/2\d\/2010 @ \d{1,2}:\d{2}(AM|PM)/);
+         expect(element(by.binding("'1288323623006' | date:\"MM/dd/yyyy 'at' h:mma\"")).getText()).
+            toMatch(/10\/2\d\/2010 at \d{1,2}:\d{2}(AM|PM)/);
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+dateFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
+function dateFilter($locale) {
+
+
+  var R_ISO8601_STR = /^(\d{4})-?(\d\d)-?(\d\d)(?:T(\d\d)(?::?(\d\d)(?::?(\d\d)(?:\.(\d+))?)?)?(Z|([+-])(\d\d):?(\d\d))?)?$/;
+                     // 1        2       3         4          5          6          7          8  9     10      11
+  function jsonStringToDate(string) {
+    var match;
+    if ((match = string.match(R_ISO8601_STR))) {
+      var date = new Date(0),
+          tzHour = 0,
+          tzMin  = 0,
+          dateSetter = match[8] ? date.setUTCFullYear : date.setFullYear,
+          timeSetter = match[8] ? date.setUTCHours : date.setHours;
+
+      if (match[9]) {
+        tzHour = toInt(match[9] + match[10]);
+        tzMin = toInt(match[9] + match[11]);
+      }
+      dateSetter.call(date, toInt(match[1]), toInt(match[2]) - 1, toInt(match[3]));
+      var h = toInt(match[4] || 0) - tzHour;
+      var m = toInt(match[5] || 0) - tzMin;
+      var s = toInt(match[6] || 0);
+      var ms = Math.round(parseFloat('0.' + (match[7] || 0)) * 1000);
+      timeSetter.call(date, h, m, s, ms);
+      return date;
+    }
+    return string;
+  }
+
+
+  return function(date, format, timezone) {
+    var text = '',
+        parts = [],
+        fn, match;
+
+    format = format || 'mediumDate';
+    format = $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS[format] || format;
+    if (isString(date)) {
+      date = NUMBER_STRING.test(date) ? toInt(date) : jsonStringToDate(date);
+    }
+
+    if (isNumber(date)) {
+      date = new Date(date);
+    }
+
+    if (!isDate(date) || !isFinite(date.getTime())) {
+      return date;
+    }
+
+    while (format) {
+      match = DATE_FORMATS_SPLIT.exec(format);
+      if (match) {
+        parts = concat(parts, match, 1);
+        format = parts.pop();
+      } else {
+        parts.push(format);
+        format = null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    var dateTimezoneOffset = date.getTimezoneOffset();
+    if (timezone) {
+      dateTimezoneOffset = timezoneToOffset(timezone, dateTimezoneOffset);
+      date = convertTimezoneToLocal(date, timezone, true);
+    }
+    forEach(parts, function(value) {
+      fn = DATE_FORMATS[value];
+      text += fn ? fn(date, $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS, dateTimezoneOffset)
+                 : value === '\'\'' ? '\'' : value.replace(/(^'|'$)/g, '').replace(/''/g, '\'');
+    });
+
+    return text;
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name json
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *   Allows you to convert a JavaScript object into JSON string.
+ *
+ *   This filter is mostly useful for debugging. When using the double curly {{value}} notation
+ *   the binding is automatically converted to JSON.
+ *
+ * @param {*} object Any JavaScript object (including arrays and primitive types) to filter.
+ * @param {number=} spacing The number of spaces to use per indentation, defaults to 2.
+ * @returns {string} JSON string.
+ *
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="filter-json">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <pre id="default-spacing">{{ {'name':'value'} | json }}</pre>
+       <pre id="custom-spacing">{{ {'name':'value'} | json:4 }}</pre>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should jsonify filtered objects', function() {
+         expect(element(by.id('default-spacing')).getText()).toMatch(/\{\n {2}"name": ?"value"\n}/);
+         expect(element(by.id('custom-spacing')).getText()).toMatch(/\{\n {4}"name": ?"value"\n}/);
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ *
+ */
+function jsonFilter() {
+  return function(object, spacing) {
+    if (isUndefined(spacing)) {
+        spacing = 2;
+    }
+    return toJson(object, spacing);
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name lowercase
+ * @kind function
+ * @description
+ * Converts string to lowercase.
+ *
+ * See the {@link ng.uppercase uppercase filter documentation} for a functionally identical example.
+ *
+ * @see angular.lowercase
+ */
+var lowercaseFilter = valueFn(lowercase);
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name uppercase
+ * @kind function
+ * @description
+ * Converts string to uppercase.
+ * @example
+   <example module="uppercaseFilterExample" name="filter-uppercase">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('uppercaseFilterExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.title = 'This is a title';
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <!-- This title should be formatted normally -->
+         <h1>{{title}}</h1>
+         <!-- This title should be capitalized -->
+         <h1>{{title | uppercase}}</h1>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var uppercaseFilter = valueFn(uppercase);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name limitTo
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Creates a new array or string containing only a specified number of elements. The elements are
+ * taken from either the beginning or the end of the source array, string or number, as specified by
+ * the value and sign (positive or negative) of `limit`. Other array-like objects are also supported
+ * (e.g. array subclasses, NodeLists, jqLite/jQuery collections etc). If a number is used as input,
+ * it is converted to a string.
+ *
+ * @param {Array|ArrayLike|string|number} input - Array/array-like, string or number to be limited.
+ * @param {string|number} limit - The length of the returned array or string. If the `limit` number
+ *     is positive, `limit` number of items from the beginning of the source array/string are copied.
+ *     If the number is negative, `limit` number  of items from the end of the source array/string
+ *     are copied. The `limit` will be trimmed if it exceeds `array.length`. If `limit` is undefined,
+ *     the input will be returned unchanged.
+ * @param {(string|number)=} begin - Index at which to begin limitation. As a negative index,
+ *     `begin` indicates an offset from the end of `input`. Defaults to `0`.
+ * @returns {Array|string} A new sub-array or substring of length `limit` or less if the input had
+ *     less than `limit` elements.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="limitToExample" name="limit-to-filter">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('limitToExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9];
+             $scope.letters = "abcdefghi";
+             $scope.longNumber = 2345432342;
+             $scope.numLimit = 3;
+             $scope.letterLimit = 3;
+             $scope.longNumberLimit = 3;
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <label>
+            Limit {{numbers}} to:
+            <input type="number" step="1" ng-model="numLimit">
+         </label>
+         <p>Output numbers: {{ numbers | limitTo:numLimit }}</p>
+         <label>
+            Limit {{letters}} to:
+            <input type="number" step="1" ng-model="letterLimit">
+         </label>
+         <p>Output letters: {{ letters | limitTo:letterLimit }}</p>
+         <label>
+            Limit {{longNumber}} to:
+            <input type="number" step="1" ng-model="longNumberLimit">
+         </label>
+         <p>Output long number: {{ longNumber | limitTo:longNumberLimit }}</p>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       var numLimitInput = element(by.model('numLimit'));
+       var letterLimitInput = element(by.model('letterLimit'));
+       var longNumberLimitInput = element(by.model('longNumberLimit'));
+       var limitedNumbers = element(by.binding('numbers | limitTo:numLimit'));
+       var limitedLetters = element(by.binding('letters | limitTo:letterLimit'));
+       var limitedLongNumber = element(by.binding('longNumber | limitTo:longNumberLimit'));
+
+       it('should limit the number array to first three items', function() {
+         expect(numLimitInput.getAttribute('value')).toBe('3');
+         expect(letterLimitInput.getAttribute('value')).toBe('3');
+         expect(longNumberLimitInput.getAttribute('value')).toBe('3');
+         expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [1,2,3]');
+         expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: abc');
+         expect(limitedLongNumber.getText()).toEqual('Output long number: 234');
+       });
+
+       // There is a bug in safari and protractor that doesn't like the minus key
+       // it('should update the output when -3 is entered', function() {
+       //   numLimitInput.clear();
+       //   numLimitInput.sendKeys('-3');
+       //   letterLimitInput.clear();
+       //   letterLimitInput.sendKeys('-3');
+       //   longNumberLimitInput.clear();
+       //   longNumberLimitInput.sendKeys('-3');
+       //   expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [7,8,9]');
+       //   expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: ghi');
+       //   expect(limitedLongNumber.getText()).toEqual('Output long number: 342');
+       // });
+
+       it('should not exceed the maximum size of input array', function() {
+         numLimitInput.clear();
+         numLimitInput.sendKeys('100');
+         letterLimitInput.clear();
+         letterLimitInput.sendKeys('100');
+         longNumberLimitInput.clear();
+         longNumberLimitInput.sendKeys('100');
+         expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]');
+         expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: abcdefghi');
+         expect(limitedLongNumber.getText()).toEqual('Output long number: 2345432342');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+*/
+function limitToFilter() {
+  return function(input, limit, begin) {
+    if (Math.abs(Number(limit)) === Infinity) {
+      limit = Number(limit);
+    } else {
+      limit = toInt(limit);
+    }
+    if (isNumberNaN(limit)) return input;
+
+    if (isNumber(input)) input = input.toString();
+    if (!isArrayLike(input)) return input;
+
+    begin = (!begin || isNaN(begin)) ? 0 : toInt(begin);
+    begin = (begin < 0) ? Math.max(0, input.length + begin) : begin;
+
+    if (limit >= 0) {
+      return sliceFn(input, begin, begin + limit);
+    } else {
+      if (begin === 0) {
+        return sliceFn(input, limit, input.length);
+      } else {
+        return sliceFn(input, Math.max(0, begin + limit), begin);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+function sliceFn(input, begin, end) {
+  if (isString(input)) return input.slice(begin, end);
+
+  return slice.call(input, begin, end);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name orderBy
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Returns an array containing the items from the specified `collection`, ordered by a `comparator`
+ * function based on the values computed using the `expression` predicate.
+ *
+ * For example, `[{id: 'foo'}, {id: 'bar'}] | orderBy:'id'` would result in
+ * `[{id: 'bar'}, {id: 'foo'}]`.
+ *
+ * The `collection` can be an Array or array-like object (e.g. NodeList, jQuery object, TypedArray,
+ * String, etc).
+ *
+ * The `expression` can be a single predicate, or a list of predicates each serving as a tie-breaker
+ * for the preceding one. The `expression` is evaluated against each item and the output is used
+ * for comparing with other items.
+ *
+ * You can change the sorting order by setting `reverse` to `true`. By default, items are sorted in
+ * ascending order.
+ *
+ * The comparison is done using the `comparator` function. If none is specified, a default, built-in
+ * comparator is used (see below for details - in a nutshell, it compares numbers numerically and
+ * strings alphabetically).
+ *
+ * ### Under the hood
+ *
+ * Ordering the specified `collection` happens in two phases:
+ *
+ * 1. All items are passed through the predicate (or predicates), and the returned values are saved
+ *    along with their type (`string`, `number` etc). For example, an item `{label: 'foo'}`, passed
+ *    through a predicate that extracts the value of the `label` property, would be transformed to:
+ *    ```
+ *    {
+ *      value: 'foo',
+ *      type: 'string',
+ *      index: ...
+ *    }
+ *    ```
+ *    **Note:** `null` values use `'null'` as their type.
+ * 2. The comparator function is used to sort the items, based on the derived values, types and
+ *    indices.
+ *
+ * If you use a custom comparator, it will be called with pairs of objects of the form
+ * `{value: ..., type: '...', index: ...}` and is expected to return `0` if the objects are equal
+ * (as far as the comparator is concerned), `-1` if the 1st one should be ranked higher than the
+ * second, or `1` otherwise.
+ *
+ * In order to ensure that the sorting will be deterministic across platforms, if none of the
+ * specified predicates can distinguish between two items, `orderBy` will automatically introduce a
+ * dummy predicate that returns the item's index as `value`.
+ * (If you are using a custom comparator, make sure it can handle this predicate as well.)
+ *
+ * If a custom comparator still can't distinguish between two items, then they will be sorted based
+ * on their index using the built-in comparator.
+ *
+ * Finally, in an attempt to simplify things, if a predicate returns an object as the extracted
+ * value for an item, `orderBy` will try to convert that object to a primitive value, before passing
+ * it to the comparator. The following rules govern the conversion:
+ *
+ * 1. If the object has a `valueOf()` method that returns a primitive, its return value will be
+ *    used instead.<br />
+ *    (If the object has a `valueOf()` method that returns another object, then the returned object
+ *    will be used in subsequent steps.)
+ * 2. If the object has a custom `toString()` method (i.e. not the one inherited from `Object`) that
+ *    returns a primitive, its return value will be used instead.<br />
+ *    (If the object has a `toString()` method that returns another object, then the returned object
+ *    will be used in subsequent steps.)
+ * 3. No conversion; the object itself is used.
+ *
+ * ### The default comparator
+ *
+ * The default, built-in comparator should be sufficient for most usecases. In short, it compares
+ * numbers numerically, strings alphabetically (and case-insensitively), for objects falls back to
+ * using their index in the original collection, sorts values of different types by type and puts
+ * `undefined` and `null` values at the end of the sorted list.
+ *
+ * More specifically, it follows these steps to determine the relative order of items:
+ *
+ * 1. If the compared values are of different types:
+ *    - If one of the values is undefined, consider it "greater than" the other.
+ *    - Else if one of the values is null, consider it "greater than" the other.
+ *    - Else compare the types themselves alphabetically.
+ * 2. If both values are of type `string`, compare them alphabetically in a case- and
+ *    locale-insensitive way.
+ * 3. If both values are objects, compare their indices instead.
+ * 4. Otherwise, return:
+ *    -  `0`, if the values are equal (by strict equality comparison, i.e. using `===`).
+ *    - `-1`, if the 1st value is "less than" the 2nd value (compared using the `<` operator).
+ *    -  `1`, otherwise.
+ *
+ * **Note:** If you notice numbers not being sorted as expected, make sure they are actually being
+ *           saved as numbers and not strings.
+ * **Note:** For the purpose of sorting, `null` and `undefined` are considered "greater than"
+ *           any other value (with undefined "greater than" null). This effectively means that `null`
+ *           and `undefined` values end up at the end of a list sorted in ascending order.
+ * **Note:** `null` values use `'null'` as their type to be able to distinguish them from objects.
+ *
+ * @param {Array|ArrayLike} collection - The collection (array or array-like object) to sort.
+ * @param {(Function|string|Array.<Function|string>)=} expression - A predicate (or list of
+ *    predicates) to be used by the comparator to determine the order of elements.
+ *
+ *    Can be one of:
+ *
+ *    - `Function`: A getter function. This function will be called with each item as argument and
+ *      the return value will be used for sorting.
+ *    - `string`: An AngularJS expression. This expression will be evaluated against each item and the
+ *      result will be used for sorting. For example, use `'label'` to sort by a property called
+ *      `label` or `'label.substring(0, 3)'` to sort by the first 3 characters of the `label`
+ *      property.<br />
+ *      (The result of a constant expression is interpreted as a property name to be used for
+ *      comparison. For example, use `'"special name"'` (note the extra pair of quotes) to sort by a
+ *      property called `special name`.)<br />
+ *      An expression can be optionally prefixed with `+` or `-` to control the sorting direction,
+ *      ascending or descending. For example, `'+label'` or `'-label'`. If no property is provided,
+ *      (e.g. `'+'` or `'-'`), the collection element itself is used in comparisons.
+ *    - `Array`: An array of function and/or string predicates. If a predicate cannot determine the
+ *      relative order of two items, the next predicate is used as a tie-breaker.
+ *
+ * **Note:** If the predicate is missing or empty then it defaults to `'+'`.
+ *
+ * @param {boolean=} reverse - If `true`, reverse the sorting order.
+ * @param {(Function)=} comparator - The comparator function used to determine the relative order of
+ *    value pairs. If omitted, the built-in comparator will be used.
+ *
+ * @returns {Array} - The sorted array.
+ *
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Ordering a table with `ngRepeat`
+ *
+ * The example below demonstrates a simple {@link ngRepeat ngRepeat}, where the data is sorted by
+ * age in descending order (expression is set to `'-age'`). The `comparator` is not set, which means
+ * it defaults to the built-in comparator.
+ *
+   <example name="orderBy-static" module="orderByExample1">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <table class="friends">
+           <tr>
+             <th>Name</th>
+             <th>Phone Number</th>
+             <th>Age</th>
+           </tr>
+           <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:'-age'">
+             <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
+           </tr>
+         </table>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('orderByExample1', [])
+         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+           $scope.friends = [
+             {name: 'John',   phone: '555-1212',  age: 10},
+             {name: 'Mary',   phone: '555-9876',  age: 19},
+             {name: 'Mike',   phone: '555-4321',  age: 21},
+             {name: 'Adam',   phone: '555-5678',  age: 35},
+             {name: 'Julie',  phone: '555-8765',  age: 29}
+           ];
+         }]);
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .friends {
+         border-collapse: collapse;
+       }
+
+       .friends th {
+         border-bottom: 1px solid;
+       }
+       .friends td, .friends th {
+         border-left: 1px solid;
+         padding: 5px 10px;
+       }
+       .friends td:first-child, .friends th:first-child {
+         border-left: none;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       // Element locators
+       var names = element.all(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name'));
+
+       it('should sort friends by age in reverse order', function() {
+         expect(names.get(0).getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(names.get(1).getText()).toBe('Julie');
+         expect(names.get(2).getText()).toBe('Mike');
+         expect(names.get(3).getText()).toBe('Mary');
+         expect(names.get(4).getText()).toBe('John');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ * <hr />
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Changing parameters dynamically
+ *
+ * All parameters can be changed dynamically. The next example shows how you can make the columns of
+ * a table sortable, by binding the `expression` and `reverse` parameters to scope properties.
+ *
+   <example name="orderBy-dynamic" module="orderByExample2">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <pre>Sort by = {{propertyName}}; reverse = {{reverse}}</pre>
+         <hr/>
+         <button ng-click="propertyName = null; reverse = false">Set to unsorted</button>
+         <hr/>
+         <table class="friends">
+           <tr>
+             <th>
+               <button ng-click="sortBy('name')">Name</button>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'name'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+             <th>
+               <button ng-click="sortBy('phone')">Phone Number</button>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'phone'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+             <th>
+               <button ng-click="sortBy('age')">Age</button>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'age'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+           </tr>
+           <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:propertyName:reverse">
+             <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
+           </tr>
+         </table>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('orderByExample2', [])
+         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+           var friends = [
+             {name: 'John',   phone: '555-1212',  age: 10},
+             {name: 'Mary',   phone: '555-9876',  age: 19},
+             {name: 'Mike',   phone: '555-4321',  age: 21},
+             {name: 'Adam',   phone: '555-5678',  age: 35},
+             {name: 'Julie',  phone: '555-8765',  age: 29}
+           ];
+
+           $scope.propertyName = 'age';
+           $scope.reverse = true;
+           $scope.friends = friends;
+
+           $scope.sortBy = function(propertyName) {
+             $scope.reverse = ($scope.propertyName === propertyName) ? !$scope.reverse : false;
+             $scope.propertyName = propertyName;
+           };
+         }]);
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .friends {
+         border-collapse: collapse;
+       }
+
+       .friends th {
+         border-bottom: 1px solid;
+       }
+       .friends td, .friends th {
+         border-left: 1px solid;
+         padding: 5px 10px;
+       }
+       .friends td:first-child, .friends th:first-child {
+         border-left: none;
+       }
+
+       .sortorder:after {
+         content: '\25b2';   // BLACK UP-POINTING TRIANGLE
+       }
+       .sortorder.reverse:after {
+         content: '\25bc';   // BLACK DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       // Element locators
+       var unsortButton = element(by.partialButtonText('unsorted'));
+       var nameHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Name'));
+       var phoneHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Phone'));
+       var ageHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Age'));
+       var firstName = element(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name').row(0));
+       var lastName = element(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name').row(4));
+
+       it('should sort friends by some property, when clicking on the column header', function() {
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+
+         phoneHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Mary');
+
+         nameHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Mike');
+
+         ageHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+       });
+
+       it('should sort friends in reverse order, when clicking on the same column', function() {
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+
+         ageHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+
+         ageHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+       });
+
+       it('should restore the original order, when clicking "Set to unsorted"', function() {
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+
+         unsortButton.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Julie');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ * <hr />
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Using `orderBy` inside a controller
+ *
+ * It is also possible to call the `orderBy` filter manually, by injecting `orderByFilter`, and
+ * calling it with the desired parameters. (Alternatively, you could inject the `$filter` factory
+ * and retrieve the `orderBy` filter with `$filter('orderBy')`.)
+ *
+   <example name="orderBy-call-manually" module="orderByExample3">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <pre>Sort by = {{propertyName}}; reverse = {{reverse}}</pre>
+         <hr/>
+         <button ng-click="sortBy(null)">Set to unsorted</button>
+         <hr/>
+         <table class="friends">
+           <tr>
+             <th>
+               <button ng-click="sortBy('name')">Name</button>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'name'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+             <th>
+               <button ng-click="sortBy('phone')">Phone Number</button>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'phone'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+             <th>
+               <button ng-click="sortBy('age')">Age</button>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'age'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+           </tr>
+           <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends">
+             <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
+           </tr>
+         </table>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('orderByExample3', [])
+         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', 'orderByFilter', function($scope, orderBy) {
+           var friends = [
+             {name: 'John',   phone: '555-1212',  age: 10},
+             {name: 'Mary',   phone: '555-9876',  age: 19},
+             {name: 'Mike',   phone: '555-4321',  age: 21},
+             {name: 'Adam',   phone: '555-5678',  age: 35},
+             {name: 'Julie',  phone: '555-8765',  age: 29}
+           ];
+
+           $scope.propertyName = 'age';
+           $scope.reverse = true;
+           $scope.friends = orderBy(friends, $scope.propertyName, $scope.reverse);
+
+           $scope.sortBy = function(propertyName) {
+             $scope.reverse = (propertyName !== null && $scope.propertyName === propertyName)
+                 ? !$scope.reverse : false;
+             $scope.propertyName = propertyName;
+             $scope.friends = orderBy(friends, $scope.propertyName, $scope.reverse);
+           };
+         }]);
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .friends {
+         border-collapse: collapse;
+       }
+
+       .friends th {
+         border-bottom: 1px solid;
+       }
+       .friends td, .friends th {
+         border-left: 1px solid;
+         padding: 5px 10px;
+       }
+       .friends td:first-child, .friends th:first-child {
+         border-left: none;
+       }
+
+       .sortorder:after {
+         content: '\25b2';   // BLACK UP-POINTING TRIANGLE
+       }
+       .sortorder.reverse:after {
+         content: '\25bc';   // BLACK DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       // Element locators
+       var unsortButton = element(by.partialButtonText('unsorted'));
+       var nameHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Name'));
+       var phoneHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Phone'));
+       var ageHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Age'));
+       var firstName = element(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name').row(0));
+       var lastName = element(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name').row(4));
+
+       it('should sort friends by some property, when clicking on the column header', function() {
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+
+         phoneHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Mary');
+
+         nameHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Mike');
+
+         ageHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+       });
+
+       it('should sort friends in reverse order, when clicking on the same column', function() {
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+
+         ageHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+
+         ageHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+       });
+
+       it('should restore the original order, when clicking "Set to unsorted"', function() {
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+
+         unsortButton.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Julie');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ * <hr />
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Using a custom comparator
+ *
+ * If you have very specific requirements about the way items are sorted, you can pass your own
+ * comparator function. For example, you might need to compare some strings in a locale-sensitive
+ * way. (When specifying a custom comparator, you also need to pass a value for the `reverse`
+ * argument - passing `false` retains the default sorting order, i.e. ascending.)
+ *
+   <example name="orderBy-custom-comparator" module="orderByExample4">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <div class="friends-container custom-comparator">
+           <h3>Locale-sensitive Comparator</h3>
+           <table class="friends">
+             <tr>
+               <th>Name</th>
+               <th>Favorite Letter</th>
+             </tr>
+             <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:'favoriteLetter':false:localeSensitiveComparator">
+               <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+               <td>{{friend.favoriteLetter}}</td>
+             </tr>
+           </table>
+         </div>
+         <div class="friends-container default-comparator">
+           <h3>Default Comparator</h3>
+           <table class="friends">
+             <tr>
+               <th>Name</th>
+               <th>Favorite Letter</th>
+             </tr>
+             <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:'favoriteLetter'">
+               <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+               <td>{{friend.favoriteLetter}}</td>
+             </tr>
+           </table>
+         </div>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('orderByExample4', [])
+         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+           $scope.friends = [
+             {name: 'John',   favoriteLetter: 'Ä'},
+             {name: 'Mary',   favoriteLetter: 'Ü'},
+             {name: 'Mike',   favoriteLetter: 'Ö'},
+             {name: 'Adam',   favoriteLetter: 'H'},
+             {name: 'Julie',  favoriteLetter: 'Z'}
+           ];
+
+           $scope.localeSensitiveComparator = function(v1, v2) {
+             // If we don't get strings, just compare by index
+             if (v1.type !== 'string' || v2.type !== 'string') {
+               return (v1.index < v2.index) ? -1 : 1;
+             }
+
+             // Compare strings alphabetically, taking locale into account
+             return v1.value.localeCompare(v2.value);
+           };
+         }]);
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .friends-container {
+         display: inline-block;
+         margin: 0 30px;
+       }
+
+       .friends {
+         border-collapse: collapse;
+       }
+
+       .friends th {
+         border-bottom: 1px solid;
+       }
+       .friends td, .friends th {
+         border-left: 1px solid;
+         padding: 5px 10px;
+       }
+       .friends td:first-child, .friends th:first-child {
+         border-left: none;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       // Element locators
+       var container = element(by.css('.custom-comparator'));
+       var names = container.all(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name'));
+
+       it('should sort friends by favorite letter (in correct alphabetical order)', function() {
+         expect(names.get(0).getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(names.get(1).getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(names.get(2).getText()).toBe('Mike');
+         expect(names.get(3).getText()).toBe('Mary');
+         expect(names.get(4).getText()).toBe('Julie');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ *
+ */
+orderByFilter.$inject = ['$parse'];
+function orderByFilter($parse) {
+  return function(array, sortPredicate, reverseOrder, compareFn) {
+
+    if (array == null) return array;
+    if (!isArrayLike(array)) {
+      throw minErr('orderBy')('notarray', 'Expected array but received: {0}', array);
+    }
+
+    if (!isArray(sortPredicate)) { sortPredicate = [sortPredicate]; }
+    if (sortPredicate.length === 0) { sortPredicate = ['+']; }
+
+    var predicates = processPredicates(sortPredicate);
+
+    var descending = reverseOrder ? -1 : 1;
+
+    // Define the `compare()` function. Use a default comparator if none is specified.
+    var compare = isFunction(compareFn) ? compareFn : defaultCompare;
+
+    // The next three lines are a version of a Swartzian Transform idiom from Perl
+    // (sometimes called the Decorate-Sort-Undecorate idiom)
+    // See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartzian_transform
+    var compareValues = Array.prototype.map.call(array, getComparisonObject);
+    compareValues.sort(doComparison);
+    array = compareValues.map(function(item) { return item.value; });
+
+    return array;
+
+    function getComparisonObject(value, index) {
+      // NOTE: We are adding an extra `tieBreaker` value based on the element's index.
+      // This will be used to keep the sort stable when none of the input predicates can
+      // distinguish between two elements.
+      return {
+        value: value,
+        tieBreaker: {value: index, type: 'number', index: index},
+        predicateValues: predicates.map(function(predicate) {
+          return getPredicateValue(predicate.get(value), index);
+        })
+      };
+    }
+
+    function doComparison(v1, v2) {
+      for (var i = 0, ii = predicates.length; i < ii; i++) {
+        var result = compare(v1.predicateValues[i], v2.predicateValues[i]);
+        if (result) {
+          return result * predicates[i].descending * descending;
+        }
+      }
+
+      return (compare(v1.tieBreaker, v2.tieBreaker) || defaultCompare(v1.tieBreaker, v2.tieBreaker)) * descending;
+    }
+  };
+
+  function processPredicates(sortPredicates) {
+    return sortPredicates.map(function(predicate) {
+      var descending = 1, get = identity;
+
+      if (isFunction(predicate)) {
+        get = predicate;
+      } else if (isString(predicate)) {
+        if ((predicate.charAt(0) === '+' || predicate.charAt(0) === '-')) {
+          descending = predicate.charAt(0) === '-' ? -1 : 1;
+          predicate = predicate.substring(1);
+        }
+        if (predicate !== '') {
+          get = $parse(predicate);
+          if (get.constant) {
+            var key = get();
+            get = function(value) { return value[key]; };
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return {get: get, descending: descending};
+    });
+  }
+
+  function isPrimitive(value) {
+    switch (typeof value) {
+      case 'number': /* falls through */
+      case 'boolean': /* falls through */
+      case 'string':
+        return true;
+      default:
+        return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  function objectValue(value) {
+    // If `valueOf` is a valid function use that
+    if (isFunction(value.valueOf)) {
+      value = value.valueOf();
+      if (isPrimitive(value)) return value;
+    }
+    // If `toString` is a valid function and not the one from `Object.prototype` use that
+    if (hasCustomToString(value)) {
+      value = value.toString();
+      if (isPrimitive(value)) return value;
+    }
+
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  function getPredicateValue(value, index) {
+    var type = typeof value;
+    if (value === null) {
+      type = 'null';
+    } else if (type === 'object') {
+      value = objectValue(value);
+    }
+    return {value: value, type: type, index: index};
+  }
+
+  function defaultCompare(v1, v2) {
+    var result = 0;
+    var type1 = v1.type;
+    var type2 = v2.type;
+
+    if (type1 === type2) {
+      var value1 = v1.value;
+      var value2 = v2.value;
+
+      if (type1 === 'string') {
+        // Compare strings case-insensitively
+        value1 = value1.toLowerCase();
+        value2 = value2.toLowerCase();
+      } else if (type1 === 'object') {
+        // For basic objects, use the position of the object
+        // in the collection instead of the value
+        if (isObject(value1)) value1 = v1.index;
+        if (isObject(value2)) value2 = v2.index;
+      }
+
+      if (value1 !== value2) {
+        result = value1 < value2 ? -1 : 1;
+      }
+    } else {
+      result = (type1 === 'undefined') ? 1 :
+        (type2 === 'undefined') ? -1 :
+        (type1 === 'null') ? 1 :
+        (type2 === 'null') ? -1 :
+        (type1 < type2) ? -1 : 1;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+function ngDirective(directive) {
+  if (isFunction(directive)) {
+    directive = {
+      link: directive
+    };
+  }
+  directive.restrict = directive.restrict || 'AC';
+  return valueFn(directive);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name a
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Modifies the default behavior of the html a tag so that the default action is prevented when
+ * the href attribute is empty.
+ *
+ * For dynamically creating `href` attributes for a tags, see the {@link ng.ngHref `ngHref`} directive.
+ */
+var htmlAnchorDirective = valueFn({
+  restrict: 'E',
+  compile: function(element, attr) {
+    if (!attr.href && !attr.xlinkHref) {
+      return function(scope, element) {
+        // If the linked element is not an anchor tag anymore, do nothing
+        if (element[0].nodeName.toLowerCase() !== 'a') return;
+
+        // SVGAElement does not use the href attribute, but rather the 'xlinkHref' attribute.
+        var href = toString.call(element.prop('href')) === '[object SVGAnimatedString]' ?
+                   'xlink:href' : 'href';
+        element.on('click', function(event) {
+          // if we have no href url, then don't navigate anywhere.
+          if (!element.attr(href)) {
+            event.preventDefault();
+          }
+        });
+      };
+    }
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngHref
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 99
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Using AngularJS markup like `{{hash}}` in an href attribute will
+ * make the link go to the wrong URL if the user clicks it before
+ * AngularJS has a chance to replace the `{{hash}}` markup with its
+ * value. Until AngularJS replaces the markup the link will be broken
+ * and will most likely return a 404 error. The `ngHref` directive
+ * solves this problem.
+ *
+ * The wrong way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <a href="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}">link1</a>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The correct way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <a ng-href="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}">link1</a>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @element A
+ * @param {template} ngHref any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * This example shows various combinations of `href`, `ng-href` and `ng-click` attributes
+ * in links and their different behaviors:
+    <example name="ng-href">
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <input ng-model="value" /><br />
+        <a id="link-1" href ng-click="value = 1">link 1</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
+        <a id="link-2" href="" ng-click="value = 2">link 2</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
+        <a id="link-3" ng-href="/{{'123'}}">link 3</a> (link, reload!)<br />
+        <a id="link-4" href="" name="xx" ng-click="value = 4">anchor</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
+        <a id="link-5" name="xxx" ng-click="value = 5">anchor</a> (no link)<br />
+        <a id="link-6" ng-href="{{value}}">link</a> (link, change location)
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href without value', function() {
+          element(by.id('link-1')).click();
+          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('1');
+          expect(element(by.id('link-1')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
+        });
+
+        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href empty string', function() {
+          element(by.id('link-2')).click();
+          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('2');
+          expect(element(by.id('link-2')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
+        });
+
+        it('should execute ng-click and change url when ng-href specified', function() {
+          expect(element(by.id('link-3')).getAttribute('href')).toMatch(/\/123$/);
+
+          element(by.id('link-3')).click();
+
+          // At this point, we navigate away from an AngularJS page, so we need
+          // to use browser.driver to get the base webdriver.
+
+          browser.wait(function() {
+            return browser.driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url) {
+              return url.match(/\/123$/);
+            });
+          }, 5000, 'page should navigate to /123');
+        });
+
+        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href empty string and name specified', function() {
+          element(by.id('link-4')).click();
+          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('4');
+          expect(element(by.id('link-4')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
+        });
+
+        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when no href but name specified', function() {
+          element(by.id('link-5')).click();
+          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('5');
+          expect(element(by.id('link-5')).getAttribute('href')).toBe(null);
+        });
+
+        it('should only change url when only ng-href', function() {
+          element(by.model('value')).clear();
+          element(by.model('value')).sendKeys('6');
+          expect(element(by.id('link-6')).getAttribute('href')).toMatch(/\/6$/);
+
+          element(by.id('link-6')).click();
+
+          // At this point, we navigate away from an AngularJS page, so we need
+          // to use browser.driver to get the base webdriver.
+          browser.wait(function() {
+            return browser.driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url) {
+              return url.match(/\/6$/);
+            });
+          }, 5000, 'page should navigate to /6');
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngSrc
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 99
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Using AngularJS markup like `{{hash}}` in a `src` attribute doesn't
+ * work right: The browser will fetch from the URL with the literal
+ * text `{{hash}}` until AngularJS replaces the expression inside
+ * `{{hash}}`. The `ngSrc` directive solves this problem.
+ *
+ * The buggy way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <img src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}" alt="Description"/>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The correct way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <img ng-src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}" alt="Description" />
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @element IMG
+ * @param {template} ngSrc any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngSrcset
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 99
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Using AngularJS markup like `{{hash}}` in a `srcset` attribute doesn't
+ * work right: The browser will fetch from the URL with the literal
+ * text `{{hash}}` until AngularJS replaces the expression inside
+ * `{{hash}}`. The `ngSrcset` directive solves this problem.
+ *
+ * The buggy way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <img srcset="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}} 2x" alt="Description"/>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The correct way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <img ng-srcset="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}} 2x" alt="Description" />
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @element IMG
+ * @param {template} ngSrcset any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngDisabled
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * This directive sets the `disabled` attribute on the element (typically a form control,
+ * e.g. `input`, `button`, `select` etc.) if the
+ * {@link guide/expression expression} inside `ngDisabled` evaluates to truthy.
+ *
+ * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `disabled`
+ * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example name="ng-disabled">
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <label>Click me to toggle: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"></label><br/>
+        <button ng-model="button" ng-disabled="checked">Button</button>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should toggle button', function() {
+          expect(element(by.css('button')).getAttribute('disabled')).toBeFalsy();
+          element(by.model('checked')).click();
+          expect(element(by.css('button')).getAttribute('disabled')).toBeTruthy();
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngDisabled If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
+ *     then the `disabled` attribute will be set on the element
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngChecked
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Sets the `checked` attribute on the element, if the expression inside `ngChecked` is truthy.
+ *
+ * Note that this directive should not be used together with {@link ngModel `ngModel`},
+ * as this can lead to unexpected behavior.
+ *
+ * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `checked`
+ * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example name="ng-checked">
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <label>Check me to check both: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="leader"></label><br/>
+        <input id="checkFollower" type="checkbox" ng-checked="leader" aria-label="Follower input">
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should check both checkBoxes', function() {
+          expect(element(by.id('checkFollower')).getAttribute('checked')).toBeFalsy();
+          element(by.model('leader')).click();
+          expect(element(by.id('checkFollower')).getAttribute('checked')).toBeTruthy();
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ *
+ * @element INPUT
+ * @param {expression} ngChecked If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
+ *     then the `checked` attribute will be set on the element
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngReadonly
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Sets the `readonly` attribute on the element, if the expression inside `ngReadonly` is truthy.
+ * Note that `readonly` applies only to `input` elements with specific types. [See the input docs on
+ * MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input#attr-readonly) for more information.
+ *
+ * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `readonly`
+ * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example name="ng-readonly">
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <label>Check me to make text readonly: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"></label><br/>
+        <input type="text" ng-readonly="checked" value="I'm AngularJS" aria-label="Readonly field" />
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should toggle readonly attr', function() {
+          expect(element(by.css('[type="text"]')).getAttribute('readonly')).toBeFalsy();
+          element(by.model('checked')).click();
+          expect(element(by.css('[type="text"]')).getAttribute('readonly')).toBeTruthy();
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ *
+ * @element INPUT
+ * @param {expression} ngReadonly If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
+ *     then special attribute "readonly" will be set on the element
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngSelected
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Sets the `selected` attribute on the element, if the expression inside `ngSelected` is truthy.
+ *
+ * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `selected`
+ * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ *   **Note:** `ngSelected` does not interact with the `select` and `ngModel` directives, it only
+ *   sets the `selected` attribute on the element. If you are using `ngModel` on the select, you
+ *   should not use `ngSelected` on the options, as `ngModel` will set the select value and
+ *   selected options.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example name="ng-selected">
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <label>Check me to select: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="selected"></label><br/>
+        <select aria-label="ngSelected demo">
+          <option>Hello!</option>
+          <option id="greet" ng-selected="selected">Greetings!</option>
+        </select>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should select Greetings!', function() {
+          expect(element(by.id('greet')).getAttribute('selected')).toBeFalsy();
+          element(by.model('selected')).click();
+          expect(element(by.id('greet')).getAttribute('selected')).toBeTruthy();
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ *
+ * @element OPTION
+ * @param {expression} ngSelected If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
+ *     then special attribute "selected" will be set on the element
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngOpen
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Sets the `open` attribute on the element, if the expression inside `ngOpen` is truthy.
+ *
+ * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `open`
+ * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
+ *
+ * ## A note about browser compatibility
+ *
+ * Internet Explorer and Edge do not support the `details` element, it is
+ * recommended to use {@link ng.ngShow} and {@link ng.ngHide} instead.
+ *
+ * @example
+     <example name="ng-open">
+       <file name="index.html">
+         <label>Toggle details: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="open"></label><br/>
+         <details id="details" ng-open="open">
+            <summary>List</summary>
+            <ul>
+              <li>Apple</li>
+              <li>Orange</li>
+              <li>Durian</li>
+            </ul>
+         </details>
+       </file>
+       <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+         it('should toggle open', function() {
+           expect(element(by.id('details')).getAttribute('open')).toBeFalsy();
+           element(by.model('open')).click();
+           expect(element(by.id('details')).getAttribute('open')).toBeTruthy();
+         });
+       </file>
+     </example>
+ *
+ * @element DETAILS
+ * @param {expression} ngOpen If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
+ *     then special attribute "open" will be set on the element
+ */
+
+var ngAttributeAliasDirectives = {};
+
+// boolean attrs are evaluated
+forEach(BOOLEAN_ATTR, function(propName, attrName) {
+  // binding to multiple is not supported
+  if (propName === 'multiple') return;
+
+  function defaultLinkFn(scope, element, attr) {
+    scope.$watch(attr[normalized], function ngBooleanAttrWatchAction(value) {
+      attr.$set(attrName, !!value);
+    });
+  }
+
+  var normalized = directiveNormalize('ng-' + attrName);
+  var linkFn = defaultLinkFn;
+
+  if (propName === 'checked') {
+    linkFn = function(scope, element, attr) {
+      // ensuring ngChecked doesn't interfere with ngModel when both are set on the same input
+      if (attr.ngModel !== attr[normalized]) {
+        defaultLinkFn(scope, element, attr);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[normalized] = function() {
+    return {
+      restrict: 'A',
+      priority: 100,
+      link: linkFn
+    };
+  };
+});
+
+// aliased input attrs are evaluated
+forEach(ALIASED_ATTR, function(htmlAttr, ngAttr) {
+  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[ngAttr] = function() {
+    return {
+      priority: 100,
+      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+        //special case ngPattern when a literal regular expression value
+        //is used as the expression (this way we don't have to watch anything).
+        if (ngAttr === 'ngPattern' && attr.ngPattern.charAt(0) === '/') {
+          var match = attr.ngPattern.match(REGEX_STRING_REGEXP);
+          if (match) {
+            attr.$set('ngPattern', new RegExp(match[1], match[2]));
+            return;
+          }
+        }
+
+        scope.$watch(attr[ngAttr], function ngAttrAliasWatchAction(value) {
+          attr.$set(ngAttr, value);
+        });
+      }
+    };
+  };
+});
+
+// ng-src, ng-srcset, ng-href are interpolated
+forEach(['src', 'srcset', 'href'], function(attrName) {
+  var normalized = directiveNormalize('ng-' + attrName);
+  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[normalized] = ['$sce', function($sce) {
+    return {
+      priority: 99, // it needs to run after the attributes are interpolated
+      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+        var propName = attrName,
+            name = attrName;
+
+        if (attrName === 'href' &&
+            toString.call(element.prop('href')) === '[object SVGAnimatedString]') {
+          name = 'xlinkHref';
+          attr.$attr[name] = 'xlink:href';
+          propName = null;
+        }
+
+        // We need to sanitize the url at least once, in case it is a constant
+        // non-interpolated attribute.
+        attr.$set(normalized, $sce.getTrustedMediaUrl(attr[normalized]));
+
+        attr.$observe(normalized, function(value) {
+          if (!value) {
+            if (attrName === 'href') {
+              attr.$set(name, null);
+            }
+            return;
+          }
+
+          attr.$set(name, value);
+
+          // Support: IE 9-11 only
+          // On IE, if "ng:src" directive declaration is used and "src" attribute doesn't exist
+          // then calling element.setAttribute('src', 'foo') doesn't do anything, so we need
+          // to set the property as well to achieve the desired effect.
+          // We use attr[attrName] value since $set might have sanitized the url.
+          if (msie && propName) element.prop(propName, attr[name]);
+        });
+      }
+    };
+  }];
+});
+
+/* global -nullFormCtrl, -PENDING_CLASS, -SUBMITTED_CLASS
+ */
+var nullFormCtrl = {
+  $addControl: noop,
+  $getControls: valueFn([]),
+  $$renameControl: nullFormRenameControl,
+  $removeControl: noop,
+  $setValidity: noop,
+  $setDirty: noop,
+  $setPristine: noop,
+  $setSubmitted: noop,
+  $$setSubmitted: noop
+},
+PENDING_CLASS = 'ng-pending',
+SUBMITTED_CLASS = 'ng-submitted';
+
+function nullFormRenameControl(control, name) {
+  control.$name = name;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc type
+ * @name form.FormController
+ *
+ * @property {boolean} $pristine True if user has not interacted with the form yet.
+ * @property {boolean} $dirty True if user has already interacted with the form.
+ * @property {boolean} $valid True if all of the containing forms and controls are valid.
+ * @property {boolean} $invalid True if at least one containing control or form is invalid.
+ * @property {boolean} $submitted True if user has submitted the form even if its invalid.
+ *
+ * @property {Object} $pending An object hash, containing references to controls or forms with
+ *  pending validators, where:
+ *
+ *  - keys are validations tokens (error names).
+ *  - values are arrays of controls or forms that have a pending validator for the given error name.
+ *
+ * See {@link form.FormController#$error $error} for a list of built-in validation tokens.
+ *
+ * @property {Object} $error An object hash, containing references to controls or forms with failing
+ *  validators, where:
+ *
+ *  - keys are validation tokens (error names),
+ *  - values are arrays of controls or forms that have a failing validator for the given error name.
+ *
+ *  Built-in validation tokens:
+ *  - `email`
+ *  - `max`
+ *  - `maxlength`
+ *  - `min`
+ *  - `minlength`
+ *  - `number`
+ *  - `pattern`
+ *  - `required`
+ *  - `url`
+ *  - `date`
+ *  - `datetimelocal`
+ *  - `time`
+ *  - `week`
+ *  - `month`
+ *
+ * @description
+ * `FormController` keeps track of all its controls and nested forms as well as the state of them,
+ * such as being valid/invalid or dirty/pristine.
+ *
+ * Each {@link ng.directive:form form} directive creates an instance
+ * of `FormController`.
+ *
+ */
+//asks for $scope to fool the BC controller module
+FormController.$inject = ['$element', '$attrs', '$scope', '$animate', '$interpolate'];
+function FormController($element, $attrs, $scope, $animate, $interpolate) {
+  this.$$controls = [];
+
+  // init state
+  this.$error = {};
+  this.$$success = {};
+  this.$pending = undefined;
+  this.$name = $interpolate($attrs.name || $attrs.ngForm || '')($scope);
+  this.$dirty = false;
+  this.$pristine = true;
+  this.$valid = true;
+  this.$invalid = false;
+  this.$submitted = false;
+  this.$$parentForm = nullFormCtrl;
+
+  this.$$element = $element;
+  this.$$animate = $animate;
+
+  setupValidity(this);
+}
+
+FormController.prototype = {
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$rollbackViewValue
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Rollback all form controls pending updates to the `$modelValue`.
+   *
+   * Updates may be pending by a debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some future
+   * event defined in `ng-model-options`. This method is typically needed by the reset button of
+   * a form that uses `ng-model-options` to pend updates.
+   */
+  $rollbackViewValue: function() {
+    forEach(this.$$controls, function(control) {
+      control.$rollbackViewValue();
+    });
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$commitViewValue
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Commit all form controls pending updates to the `$modelValue`.
+   *
+   * Updates may be pending by a debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some future
+   * event defined in `ng-model-options`. This method is rarely needed as `NgModelController`
+   * usually handles calling this in response to input events.
+   */
+  $commitViewValue: function() {
+    forEach(this.$$controls, function(control) {
+      control.$commitViewValue();
+    });
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$addControl
+   * @param {object} control control object, either a {@link form.FormController} or an
+   * {@link ngModel.NgModelController}
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Register a control with the form. Input elements using ngModelController do this automatically
+   * when they are linked.
+   *
+   * Note that the current state of the control will not be reflected on the new parent form. This
+   * is not an issue with normal use, as freshly compiled and linked controls are in a `$pristine`
+   * state.
+   *
+   * However, if the method is used programmatically, for example by adding dynamically created controls,
+   * or controls that have been previously removed without destroying their corresponding DOM element,
+   * it's the developers responsibility to make sure the current state propagates to the parent form.
+   *
+   * For example, if an input control is added that is already `$dirty` and has `$error` properties,
+   * calling `$setDirty()` and `$validate()` afterwards will propagate the state to the parent form.
+   */
+  $addControl: function(control) {
+    // Breaking change - before, inputs whose name was "hasOwnProperty" were quietly ignored
+    // and not added to the scope.  Now we throw an error.
+    assertNotHasOwnProperty(control.$name, 'input');
+    this.$$controls.push(control);
+
+    if (control.$name) {
+      this[control.$name] = control;
+    }
+
+    control.$$parentForm = this;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$getControls
+   * @returns {Array} the controls that are currently part of this form
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method returns a **shallow copy** of the controls that are currently part of this form.
+   * The controls can be instances of {@link form.FormController `FormController`}
+   * ({@link ngForm "child-forms"}) and of {@link ngModel.NgModelController `NgModelController`}.
+   * If you need access to the controls of child-forms, you have to call `$getControls()`
+   * recursively on them.
+   * This can be used for example to iterate over all controls to validate them.
+   *
+   * The controls can be accessed normally, but adding to, or removing controls from the array has
+   * no effect on the form. Instead, use {@link form.FormController#$addControl `$addControl()`} and
+   * {@link form.FormController#$removeControl `$removeControl()`} for this use-case.
+   * Likewise, adding a control to, or removing a control from the form is not reflected
+   * in the shallow copy. That means you should get a fresh copy from `$getControls()` every time
+   * you need access to the controls.
+   */
+  $getControls: function() {
+    return shallowCopy(this.$$controls);
+  },
+
+  // Private API: rename a form control
+  $$renameControl: function(control, newName) {
+    var oldName = control.$name;
+
+    if (this[oldName] === control) {
+      delete this[oldName];
+    }
+    this[newName] = control;
+    control.$name = newName;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$removeControl
+   * @param {object} control control object, either a {@link form.FormController} or an
+   * {@link ngModel.NgModelController}
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Deregister a control from the form.
+   *
+   * Input elements using ngModelController do this automatically when they are destroyed.
+   *
+   * Note that only the removed control's validation state (`$errors`etc.) will be removed from the
+   * form. `$dirty`, `$submitted` states will not be changed, because the expected behavior can be
+   * different from case to case. For example, removing the only `$dirty` control from a form may or
+   * may not mean that the form is still `$dirty`.
+   */
+  $removeControl: function(control) {
+    if (control.$name && this[control.$name] === control) {
+      delete this[control.$name];
+    }
+    forEach(this.$pending, function(value, name) {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-invalid-this
+      this.$setValidity(name, null, control);
+    }, this);
+    forEach(this.$error, function(value, name) {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-invalid-this
+      this.$setValidity(name, null, control);
+    }, this);
+    forEach(this.$$success, function(value, name) {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-invalid-this
+      this.$setValidity(name, null, control);
+    }, this);
+
+    arrayRemove(this.$$controls, control);
+    control.$$parentForm = nullFormCtrl;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$setDirty
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the form to a dirty state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to add the 'ng-dirty' class and set the form to a dirty
+   * state (ng-dirty class). This method will also propagate to parent forms.
+   */
+  $setDirty: function() {
+    this.$$animate.removeClass(this.$$element, PRISTINE_CLASS);
+    this.$$animate.addClass(this.$$element, DIRTY_CLASS);
+    this.$dirty = true;
+    this.$pristine = false;
+    this.$$parentForm.$setDirty();
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$setPristine
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the form to its pristine state.
+   *
+   * This method sets the form's `$pristine` state to true, the `$dirty` state to false, removes
+   * the `ng-dirty` class and adds the `ng-pristine` class. Additionally, it sets the `$submitted`
+   * state to false.
+   *
+   * This method will also propagate to all the controls contained in this form.
+   *
+   * Setting a form back to a pristine state is often useful when we want to 'reuse' a form after
+   * saving or resetting it.
+   */
+  $setPristine: function() {
+    this.$$animate.setClass(this.$$element, PRISTINE_CLASS, DIRTY_CLASS + ' ' + SUBMITTED_CLASS);
+    this.$dirty = false;
+    this.$pristine = true;
+    this.$submitted = false;
+    forEach(this.$$controls, function(control) {
+      control.$setPristine();
+    });
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$setUntouched
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the form to its untouched state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to remove the 'ng-touched' class and set the form controls to their
+   * untouched state (ng-untouched class).
+   *
+   * Setting a form controls back to their untouched state is often useful when setting the form
+   * back to its pristine state.
+   */
+  $setUntouched: function() {
+    forEach(this.$$controls, function(control) {
+      control.$setUntouched();
+    });
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$setSubmitted
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the form to its `$submitted` state. This will also set `$submitted` on all child and
+   * parent forms of the form.
+   */
+  $setSubmitted: function() {
+    var rootForm = this;
+    while (rootForm.$$parentForm && (rootForm.$$parentForm !== nullFormCtrl)) {
+      rootForm = rootForm.$$parentForm;
+    }
+    rootForm.$$setSubmitted();
+  },
+
+  $$setSubmitted: function() {
+    this.$$animate.addClass(this.$$element, SUBMITTED_CLASS);
+    this.$submitted = true;
+    forEach(this.$$controls, function(control) {
+      if (control.$$setSubmitted) {
+        control.$$setSubmitted();
+      }
+    });
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name form.FormController#$setValidity
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Change the validity state of the form, and notify the parent form (if any).
+ *
+ * Application developers will rarely need to call this method directly. It is used internally, by
+ * {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$setValidity NgModelController.$setValidity()}, to propagate a
+ * control's validity state to the parent `FormController`.
+ *
+ * @param {string} validationErrorKey Name of the validator. The `validationErrorKey` will be
+ *        assigned to either `$error[validationErrorKey]` or `$pending[validationErrorKey]` (for
+ *        unfulfilled `$asyncValidators`), so that it is available for data-binding. The
+ *        `validationErrorKey` should be in camelCase and will get converted into dash-case for
+ *        class name. Example: `myError` will result in `ng-valid-my-error` and
+ *        `ng-invalid-my-error` classes and can be bound to as `{{ someForm.$error.myError }}`.
+ * @param {boolean} isValid Whether the current state is valid (true), invalid (false), pending
+ *        (undefined),  or skipped (null). Pending is used for unfulfilled `$asyncValidators`.
+ *        Skipped is used by AngularJS when validators do not run because of parse errors and when
+ *        `$asyncValidators` do not run because any of the `$validators` failed.
+ * @param {NgModelController | FormController} controller - The controller whose validity state is
+ *        triggering the change.
+ */
+addSetValidityMethod({
+  clazz: FormController,
+  set: function(object, property, controller) {
+    var list = object[property];
+    if (!list) {
+      object[property] = [controller];
+    } else {
+      var index = list.indexOf(controller);
+      if (index === -1) {
+        list.push(controller);
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  unset: function(object, property, controller) {
+    var list = object[property];
+    if (!list) {
+      return;
+    }
+    arrayRemove(list, controller);
+    if (list.length === 0) {
+      delete object[property];
+    }
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngForm
+ * @restrict EAC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Helper directive that makes it possible to create control groups inside a
+ * {@link ng.directive:form `form`} directive.
+ * These "child forms" can be used, for example, to determine the validity of a sub-group of
+ * controls.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-danger">
+ * **Note**: `ngForm` cannot be used as a replacement for `<form>`, because it lacks its
+ * [built-in HTML functionality](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#the-form-element).
+ * Specifically, you cannot submit `ngForm` like a `<form>` tag. That means,
+ * you cannot send data to the server with `ngForm`, or integrate it with
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngSubmit `ngSubmit`}.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @param {string=} ngForm|name Name of the form. If specified, the form controller will
+ *                              be published into the related scope, under this name.
+ *
+ */
+
+ /**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name form
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Directive that instantiates
+ * {@link form.FormController FormController}.
+ *
+ * If the `name` attribute is specified, the form controller is published onto the current scope under
+ * this name.
+ *
+ * ## Alias: {@link ng.directive:ngForm `ngForm`}
+ *
+ * In AngularJS, forms can be nested. This means that the outer form is valid when all of the child
+ * forms are valid as well. However, browsers do not allow nesting of `<form>` elements, so
+ * AngularJS provides the {@link ng.directive:ngForm `ngForm`} directive, which behaves identically to
+ * `form` but can be nested. Nested forms can be useful, for example, if the validity of a sub-group
+ * of controls needs to be determined.
+ *
+ * ## CSS classes
+ *  - `ng-valid` is set if the form is valid.
+ *  - `ng-invalid` is set if the form is invalid.
+ *  - `ng-pending` is set if the form is pending.
+ *  - `ng-pristine` is set if the form is pristine.
+ *  - `ng-dirty` is set if the form is dirty.
+ *  - `ng-submitted` is set if the form was submitted.
+ *
+ * Keep in mind that ngAnimate can detect each of these classes when added and removed.
+ *
+ *
+ * ## Submitting a form and preventing the default action
+ *
+ * Since the role of forms in client-side AngularJS applications is different than in classical
+ * roundtrip apps, it is desirable for the browser not to translate the form submission into a full
+ * page reload that sends the data to the server. Instead some javascript logic should be triggered
+ * to handle the form submission in an application-specific way.
+ *
+ * For this reason, AngularJS prevents the default action (form submission to the server) unless the
+ * `<form>` element has an `action` attribute specified.
+ *
+ * You can use one of the following two ways to specify what javascript method should be called when
+ * a form is submitted:
+ *
+ * - {@link ng.directive:ngSubmit ngSubmit} directive on the form element
+ * - {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick} directive on the first
+  *  button or input field of type submit (input[type=submit])
+ *
+ * To prevent double execution of the handler, use only one of the {@link ng.directive:ngSubmit ngSubmit}
+ * or {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick} directives.
+ * This is because of the following form submission rules in the HTML specification:
+ *
+ * - If a form has only one input field then hitting enter in this field triggers form submit
+ * (`ngSubmit`)
+ * - if a form has 2+ input fields and no buttons or input[type=submit] then hitting enter
+ * doesn't trigger submit
+ * - if a form has one or more input fields and one or more buttons or input[type=submit] then
+ * hitting enter in any of the input fields will trigger the click handler on the *first* button or
+ * input[type=submit] (`ngClick`) *and* a submit handler on the enclosing form (`ngSubmit`)
+ *
+ * Any pending `ngModelOptions` changes will take place immediately when an enclosing form is
+ * submitted. Note that `ngClick` events will occur before the model is updated. Use `ngSubmit`
+ * to have access to the updated model.
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * Animations in ngForm are triggered when any of the associated CSS classes are added and removed.
+ * These classes are: `.ng-pristine`, `.ng-dirty`, `.ng-invalid` and `.ng-valid` as well as any
+ * other validations that are performed within the form. Animations in ngForm are similar to how
+ * they work in ngClass and animations can be hooked into using CSS transitions, keyframes as well
+ * as JS animations.
+ *
+ * The following example shows a simple way to utilize CSS transitions to style a form element
+ * that has been rendered as invalid after it has been validated:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * //be sure to include ngAnimate as a module to hook into more
+ * //advanced animations
+ * .my-form {
+ *   transition:0.5s linear all;
+ *   background: white;
+ * }
+ * .my-form.ng-invalid {
+ *   background: red;
+ *   color:white;
+ * }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example name="ng-form" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" fixBase="true" module="formExample">
+      <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('formExample', [])
+           .controller('FormController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.userType = 'guest';
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <style>
+        .my-form {
+          transition:all linear 0.5s;
+          background: transparent;
+        }
+        .my-form.ng-invalid {
+          background: red;
+        }
+       </style>
+       <form name="myForm" ng-controller="FormController" class="my-form">
+         userType: <input name="input" ng-model="userType" required>
+         <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">Required!</span><br>
+         <code>userType = {{userType}}</code><br>
+         <code>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</code><br>
+         <code>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</code><br>
+         <code>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</code><br>
+         <code>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</code><br>
+        </form>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should initialize to model', function() {
+          var userType = element(by.binding('userType'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+
+          expect(userType.getText()).toContain('guest');
+          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+          var userType = element(by.binding('userType'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+          var userInput = element(by.model('userType'));
+
+          userInput.clear();
+          userInput.sendKeys('');
+
+          expect(userType.getText()).toEqual('userType =');
+          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ *
+ * @param {string=} name Name of the form. If specified, the form controller will be published into
+ *                       related scope, under this name.
+ */
+var formDirectiveFactory = function(isNgForm) {
+  return ['$timeout', '$parse', function($timeout, $parse) {
+    var formDirective = {
+      name: 'form',
+      restrict: isNgForm ? 'EAC' : 'E',
+      require: ['form', '^^?form'], //first is the form's own ctrl, second is an optional parent form
+      controller: FormController,
+      compile: function ngFormCompile(formElement, attr) {
+        // Setup initial state of the control
+        formElement.addClass(PRISTINE_CLASS).addClass(VALID_CLASS);
+
+        var nameAttr = attr.name ? 'name' : (isNgForm && attr.ngForm ? 'ngForm' : false);
+
+        return {
+          pre: function ngFormPreLink(scope, formElement, attr, ctrls) {
+            var controller = ctrls[0];
+
+            // if `action` attr is not present on the form, prevent the default action (submission)
+            if (!('action' in attr)) {
+              // we can't use jq events because if a form is destroyed during submission the default
+              // action is not prevented. see #1238
+              //
+              // IE 9 is not affected because it doesn't fire a submit event and try to do a full
+              // page reload if the form was destroyed by submission of the form via a click handler
+              // on a button in the form. Looks like an IE9 specific bug.
+              var handleFormSubmission = function(event) {
+                scope.$apply(function() {
+                  controller.$commitViewValue();
+                  controller.$setSubmitted();
+                });
+
+                event.preventDefault();
+              };
+
+              formElement[0].addEventListener('submit', handleFormSubmission);
+
+              // unregister the preventDefault listener so that we don't not leak memory but in a
+              // way that will achieve the prevention of the default action.
+              formElement.on('$destroy', function() {
+                $timeout(function() {
+                  formElement[0].removeEventListener('submit', handleFormSubmission);
+                }, 0, false);
+              });
+            }
+
+            var parentFormCtrl = ctrls[1] || controller.$$parentForm;
+            parentFormCtrl.$addControl(controller);
+
+            var setter = nameAttr ? getSetter(controller.$name) : noop;
+
+            if (nameAttr) {
+              setter(scope, controller);
+              attr.$observe(nameAttr, function(newValue) {
+                if (controller.$name === newValue) return;
+                setter(scope, undefined);
+                controller.$$parentForm.$$renameControl(controller, newValue);
+                setter = getSetter(controller.$name);
+                setter(scope, controller);
+              });
+            }
+            formElement.on('$destroy', function() {
+              controller.$$parentForm.$removeControl(controller);
+              setter(scope, undefined);
+              extend(controller, nullFormCtrl); //stop propagating child destruction handlers upwards
+            });
+          }
+        };
+      }
+    };
+
+    return formDirective;
+
+    function getSetter(expression) {
+      if (expression === '') {
+        //create an assignable expression, so forms with an empty name can be renamed later
+        return $parse('this[""]').assign;
+      }
+      return $parse(expression).assign || noop;
+    }
+  }];
+};
+
+var formDirective = formDirectiveFactory();
+var ngFormDirective = formDirectiveFactory(true);
+
+
+
+// helper methods
+function setupValidity(instance) {
+  instance.$$classCache = {};
+  instance.$$classCache[INVALID_CLASS] = !(instance.$$classCache[VALID_CLASS] = instance.$$element.hasClass(VALID_CLASS));
+}
+function addSetValidityMethod(context) {
+  var clazz = context.clazz,
+      set = context.set,
+      unset = context.unset;
+
+  clazz.prototype.$setValidity = function(validationErrorKey, state, controller) {
+    if (isUndefined(state)) {
+      createAndSet(this, '$pending', validationErrorKey, controller);
+    } else {
+      unsetAndCleanup(this, '$pending', validationErrorKey, controller);
+    }
+    if (!isBoolean(state)) {
+      unset(this.$error, validationErrorKey, controller);
+      unset(this.$$success, validationErrorKey, controller);
+    } else {
+      if (state) {
+        unset(this.$error, validationErrorKey, controller);
+        set(this.$$success, validationErrorKey, controller);
+      } else {
+        set(this.$error, validationErrorKey, controller);
+        unset(this.$$success, validationErrorKey, controller);
+      }
+    }
+    if (this.$pending) {
+      cachedToggleClass(this, PENDING_CLASS, true);
+      this.$valid = this.$invalid = undefined;
+      toggleValidationCss(this, '', null);
+    } else {
+      cachedToggleClass(this, PENDING_CLASS, false);
+      this.$valid = isObjectEmpty(this.$error);
+      this.$invalid = !this.$valid;
+      toggleValidationCss(this, '', this.$valid);
+    }
+
+    // re-read the state as the set/unset methods could have
+    // combined state in this.$error[validationError] (used for forms),
+    // where setting/unsetting only increments/decrements the value,
+    // and does not replace it.
+    var combinedState;
+    if (this.$pending && this.$pending[validationErrorKey]) {
+      combinedState = undefined;
+    } else if (this.$error[validationErrorKey]) {
+      combinedState = false;
+    } else if (this.$$success[validationErrorKey]) {
+      combinedState = true;
+    } else {
+      combinedState = null;
+    }
+
+    toggleValidationCss(this, validationErrorKey, combinedState);
+    this.$$parentForm.$setValidity(validationErrorKey, combinedState, this);
+  };
+
+  function createAndSet(ctrl, name, value, controller) {
+    if (!ctrl[name]) {
+      ctrl[name] = {};
+    }
+    set(ctrl[name], value, controller);
+  }
+
+  function unsetAndCleanup(ctrl, name, value, controller) {
+    if (ctrl[name]) {
+      unset(ctrl[name], value, controller);
+    }
+    if (isObjectEmpty(ctrl[name])) {
+      ctrl[name] = undefined;
+    }
+  }
+
+  function cachedToggleClass(ctrl, className, switchValue) {
+    if (switchValue && !ctrl.$$classCache[className]) {
+      ctrl.$$animate.addClass(ctrl.$$element, className);
+      ctrl.$$classCache[className] = true;
+    } else if (!switchValue && ctrl.$$classCache[className]) {
+      ctrl.$$animate.removeClass(ctrl.$$element, className);
+      ctrl.$$classCache[className] = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  function toggleValidationCss(ctrl, validationErrorKey, isValid) {
+    validationErrorKey = validationErrorKey ? '-' + snake_case(validationErrorKey, '-') : '';
+
+    cachedToggleClass(ctrl, VALID_CLASS + validationErrorKey, isValid === true);
+    cachedToggleClass(ctrl, INVALID_CLASS + validationErrorKey, isValid === false);
+  }
+}
+
+function isObjectEmpty(obj) {
+  if (obj) {
+    for (var prop in obj) {
+      if (obj.hasOwnProperty(prop)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* global
+  VALID_CLASS: false,
+  INVALID_CLASS: false,
+  PRISTINE_CLASS: false,
+  DIRTY_CLASS: false,
+  ngModelMinErr: false
+*/
+
+// Regex code was initially obtained from SO prior to modification: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3143070/javascript-regex-iso-datetime#answer-3143231
+var ISO_DATE_REGEXP = /^\d{4,}-[01]\d-[0-3]\dT[0-2]\d:[0-5]\d:[0-5]\d\.\d+(?:[+-][0-2]\d:[0-5]\d|Z)$/;
+// See valid URLs in RFC3987 (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3987)
+// Note: We are being more lenient, because browsers are too.
+//   1. Scheme
+//   2. Slashes
+//   3. Username
+//   4. Password
+//   5. Hostname
+//   6. Port
+//   7. Path
+//   8. Query
+//   9. Fragment
+//                 1111111111111111 222   333333    44444        55555555555555555555555     666     77777777     8888888     999
+var URL_REGEXP = /^[a-z][a-z\d.+-]*:\/*(?:[^:@]+(?::[^@]+)?@)?(?:[^\s:/?#]+|\[[a-f\d:]+])(?::\d+)?(?:\/[^?#]*)?(?:\?[^#]*)?(?:#.*)?$/i;
+// eslint-disable-next-line max-len
+var EMAIL_REGEXP = /^(?=.{1,254}$)(?=.{1,64}@)[-!#$%&'*+/0-9=?A-Z^_`a-z{|}~]+(\.[-!#$%&'*+/0-9=?A-Z^_`a-z{|}~]+)*@[A-Za-z0-9]([A-Za-z0-9-]{0,61}[A-Za-z0-9])?(\.[A-Za-z0-9]([A-Za-z0-9-]{0,61}[A-Za-z0-9])?)*$/;
+var NUMBER_REGEXP = /^\s*(-|\+)?(\d+|(\d*(\.\d*)))([eE][+-]?\d+)?\s*$/;
+var DATE_REGEXP = /^(\d{4,})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})$/;
+var DATETIMELOCAL_REGEXP = /^(\d{4,})-(\d\d)-(\d\d)T(\d\d):(\d\d)(?::(\d\d)(\.\d{1,3})?)?$/;
+var WEEK_REGEXP = /^(\d{4,})-W(\d\d)$/;
+var MONTH_REGEXP = /^(\d{4,})-(\d\d)$/;
+var TIME_REGEXP = /^(\d\d):(\d\d)(?::(\d\d)(\.\d{1,3})?)?$/;
+
+var PARTIAL_VALIDATION_EVENTS = 'keydown wheel mousedown';
+var PARTIAL_VALIDATION_TYPES = createMap();
+forEach('date,datetime-local,month,time,week'.split(','), function(type) {
+  PARTIAL_VALIDATION_TYPES[type] = true;
+});
+
+var inputType = {
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[text]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Standard HTML text input with AngularJS data binding, inherited by most of the `input` elements.
+   *
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} required Adds `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+   *    minlength.
+   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
+   *    any length.
+   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
+   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
+   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
+   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
+   *    does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the AngularJS expression given in the attribute value.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
+   *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
+   *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
+   *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+   *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+   *    account.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false AngularJS will not automatically trim the input.
+   *    This parameter is ignored for input[type=password] controls, which will never trim the
+   *    input.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="text-input-directive" module="textInputExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('textInputExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.example = {
+                 text: 'guest',
+                 word: /^\s*\w*\s*$/
+               };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+           <label>Single word:
+             <input type="text" name="input" ng-model="example.text"
+                    ng-pattern="example.word" required ng-trim="false">
+           </label>
+           <div role="alert">
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+               Required!</span>
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.pattern">
+               Single word only!</span>
+           </div>
+           <code>text = {{example.text}}</code><br/>
+           <code>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</code><br/>
+           <code>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</code><br/>
+           <code>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</code><br/>
+           <code>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</code><br/>
+          </form>
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          var text = element(by.binding('example.text'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+          var input = element(by.model('example.text'));
+
+          it('should initialize to model', function() {
+            expect(text.getText()).toContain('guest');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('');
+
+            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if multi word', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('hello world');
+
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'text': textInputType,
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc input
+     * @name input[date]
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Input with date validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
+     * the HTML5 date input, a text element will be used. In that case, text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
+     * date format (yyyy-MM-dd), for example: `2009-01-06`. Since many
+     * modern browsers do not yet support this input type, it is important to provide cues to users on the
+     * expected input format via a placeholder or label.
+     *
+     * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise AngularJS will throw an error.
+     * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
+     *
+     * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
+     * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
+     *
+     * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+     * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+     * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`. This must be a
+     *   valid ISO date string (yyyy-MM-dd). You can also use interpolation inside this attribute
+     *   (e.g. `min="{{minDate | date:'yyyy-MM-dd'}}"`). Note that `min` will also add native HTML5
+     *   constraint validation.
+     * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`. This must be
+     *   a valid ISO date string (yyyy-MM-dd). You can also use interpolation inside this attribute
+     *   (e.g. `max="{{maxDate | date:'yyyy-MM-dd'}}"`). Note that `max` will also add native HTML5
+     *   constraint validation.
+     * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation constraint to the Date / ISO date string
+     *   the `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
+     * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation constraint to the Date / ISO date string
+     *   the `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
+     * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+     * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+     *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+     *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+     * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+     *    interaction with the input element.
+     *
+     * @example
+     <example name="date-input-directive" module="dateInputExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+          angular.module('dateInputExample', [])
+            .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+              $scope.example = {
+                value: new Date(2013, 9, 22)
+              };
+            }]);
+       </script>
+       <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
+          <label for="exampleInput">Pick a date in 2013:</label>
+          <input type="date" id="exampleInput" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+              placeholder="yyyy-MM-dd" min="2013-01-01" max="2013-12-31" required />
+          <div role="alert">
+            <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+                Required!</span>
+            <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.date">
+                Not a valid date!</span>
+           </div>
+           <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-dd"}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+       </form>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-dd"'));
+        var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+
+        // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
+        // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
+        // for various browsers (see https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
+        function setInput(val) {
+          // set the value of the element and force validation.
+          var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
+          "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
+          "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
+          browser.executeScript(scr);
+        }
+
+        it('should initialize to model', function() {
+          expect(value.getText()).toContain('2013-10-22');
+          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+          setInput('');
+          expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+          setInput('2015-01-01');
+          expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
+          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+        });
+     </file>
+     </example>
+     */
+  'date': createDateInputType('date', DATE_REGEXP,
+         createDateParser(DATE_REGEXP, ['yyyy', 'MM', 'dd']),
+         'yyyy-MM-dd'),
+
+   /**
+    * @ngdoc input
+    * @name input[datetime-local]
+    *
+    * @description
+    * Input with datetime validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
+    * the HTML5 date input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
+    * local datetime format (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss), for example: `2010-12-28T14:57:00`.
+    *
+    * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise AngularJS will throw an error.
+    * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
+    *
+    * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
+    * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
+    *
+    * The format of the displayed time can be adjusted with the
+    * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions#ngModelOptions-arguments ngModelOptions} `timeSecondsFormat`
+    * and `timeStripZeroSeconds`.
+    *
+    * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+    * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+    * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
+    *   This must be a valid ISO datetime format (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss). You can also use interpolation
+    *   inside this attribute (e.g. `min="{{minDatetimeLocal | date:'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss'}}"`).
+    *   Note that `min` will also add native HTML5 constraint validation.
+    * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
+    *   This must be a valid ISO datetime format (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss). You can also use interpolation
+    *   inside this attribute (e.g. `max="{{maxDatetimeLocal | date:'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss'}}"`).
+    *   Note that `max` will also add native HTML5 constraint validation.
+    * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation error key to the Date / ISO datetime string
+    *   the `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
+    * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation error key to the Date / ISO datetime string
+    *   the `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
+    * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+    * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+    *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+    *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+    * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+    *    interaction with the input element.
+    *
+    * @example
+    <example name="datetimelocal-input-directive" module="dateExample">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <script>
+        angular.module('dateExample', [])
+          .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+            $scope.example = {
+              value: new Date(2010, 11, 28, 14, 57)
+            };
+          }]);
+      </script>
+      <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
+        <label for="exampleInput">Pick a date between in 2013:</label>
+        <input type="datetime-local" id="exampleInput" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+            placeholder="yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss" min="2001-01-01T00:00:00" max="2013-12-31T00:00:00" required />
+        <div role="alert">
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+              Required!</span>
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.datetimelocal">
+              Not a valid date!</span>
+        </div>
+        <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+      </form>
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"'));
+      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+
+      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
+      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
+      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
+      function setInput(val) {
+        // set the value of the element and force validation.
+        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
+        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
+        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
+        browser.executeScript(scr);
+      }
+
+      it('should initialize to model', function() {
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('2010-12-28T14:57:00');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+        setInput('');
+        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+        setInput('2015-01-01T23:59:00');
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+    </file>
+    </example>
+    */
+  'datetime-local': createDateInputType('datetimelocal', DATETIMELOCAL_REGEXP,
+      createDateParser(DATETIMELOCAL_REGEXP, ['yyyy', 'MM', 'dd', 'HH', 'mm', 'ss', 'sss']),
+      'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.sss'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[time]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Input with time validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
+   * the HTML5 time input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
+   * local time format (HH:mm:ss), for example: `14:57:00`. Model must be a Date object. This binding will always output a
+   * Date object to the model of January 1, 1970, or local date `new Date(1970, 0, 1, HH, mm, ss)`.
+   *
+   * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise AngularJS will throw an error.
+   * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
+   *
+   * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
+   * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions#ngModelOptions-arguments ngModelOptions}. By default,
+   * this is the timezone of the browser.
+   *
+   * The format of the displayed time can be adjusted with the
+   * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions#ngModelOptions-arguments ngModelOptions} `timeSecondsFormat`
+   * and `timeStripZeroSeconds`.
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
+   *   This must be a valid ISO time format (HH:mm:ss). You can also use interpolation inside this
+   *   attribute (e.g. `min="{{minTime | date:'HH:mm:ss'}}"`). Note that `min` will also add
+   *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
+   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
+   *   This must be a valid ISO time format (HH:mm:ss). You can also use interpolation inside this
+   *   attribute (e.g. `max="{{maxTime | date:'HH:mm:ss'}}"`). Note that `max` will also add
+   *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
+   * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation constraint to the Date / ISO time string the
+   *   `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
+   * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation constraint to the Date / ISO time string the
+   *   `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+   <example name="time-input-directive" module="timeExample">
+   <file name="index.html">
+     <script>
+      angular.module('timeExample', [])
+        .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.example = {
+            value: new Date(1970, 0, 1, 14, 57, 0)
+          };
+        }]);
+     </script>
+     <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
+        <label for="exampleInput">Pick a time between 8am and 5pm:</label>
+        <input type="time" id="exampleInput" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+            placeholder="HH:mm:ss" min="08:00:00" max="17:00:00" required />
+        <div role="alert">
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+              Required!</span>
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.time">
+              Not a valid date!</span>
+        </div>
+        <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "HH:mm:ss"}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+     </form>
+   </file>
+   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "HH:mm:ss"'));
+      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+
+      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
+      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
+      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
+      function setInput(val) {
+        // set the value of the element and force validation.
+        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
+        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
+        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
+        browser.executeScript(scr);
+      }
+
+      it('should initialize to model', function() {
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('14:57:00');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+        setInput('');
+        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+        setInput('23:59:00');
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+   </file>
+   </example>
+   */
+  'time': createDateInputType('time', TIME_REGEXP,
+      createDateParser(TIME_REGEXP, ['HH', 'mm', 'ss', 'sss']),
+     'HH:mm:ss.sss'),
+
+   /**
+    * @ngdoc input
+    * @name input[week]
+    *
+    * @description
+    * Input with week-of-the-year validation and transformation to Date. In browsers that do not yet support
+    * the HTML5 week input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
+    * week format (yyyy-W##), for example: `2013-W02`.
+    *
+    * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise AngularJS will throw an error.
+    * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
+    *
+    * The value of the resulting Date object will be set to Thursday at 00:00:00 of the requested week,
+    * due to ISO-8601 week numbering standards. Information on ISO's system for numbering the weeks of the
+    * year can be found at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Week_dates
+    *
+    * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
+    * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
+    *
+    * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+    * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+    * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
+    *   This must be a valid ISO week format (yyyy-W##). You can also use interpolation inside this
+    *   attribute (e.g. `min="{{minWeek | date:'yyyy-Www'}}"`). Note that `min` will also add
+    *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
+    * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
+    *   This must be a valid ISO week format (yyyy-W##). You can also use interpolation inside this
+    *   attribute (e.g. `max="{{maxWeek | date:'yyyy-Www'}}"`). Note that `max` will also add
+    *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
+    * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation constraint to the Date / ISO week string
+    *   the `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
+    * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation constraint to the Date / ISO week string
+    *   the `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
+    * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+    * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+    *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+    *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+    * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+    *    interaction with the input element.
+    *
+    * @example
+    <example name="week-input-directive" module="weekExample">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <script>
+      angular.module('weekExample', [])
+        .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.example = {
+            value: new Date(2013, 0, 3)
+          };
+        }]);
+      </script>
+      <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
+        <label>Pick a date between in 2013:
+          <input id="exampleInput" type="week" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+                 placeholder="YYYY-W##" min="2012-W32"
+                 max="2013-W52" required />
+        </label>
+        <div role="alert">
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+              Required!</span>
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.week">
+              Not a valid date!</span>
+        </div>
+        <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-Www"}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+      </form>
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-Www"'));
+      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+
+      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
+      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
+      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
+      function setInput(val) {
+        // set the value of the element and force validation.
+        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
+        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
+        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
+        browser.executeScript(scr);
+      }
+
+      it('should initialize to model', function() {
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('2013-W01');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+        setInput('');
+        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+        setInput('2015-W01');
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+    </file>
+    </example>
+    */
+  'week': createDateInputType('week', WEEK_REGEXP, weekParser, 'yyyy-Www'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[month]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Input with month validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
+   * the HTML5 month input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
+   * month format (yyyy-MM), for example: `2009-01`.
+   *
+   * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise AngularJS will throw an error.
+   * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
+   * If the model is not set to the first of the month, the next view to model update will set it
+   * to the first of the month.
+   *
+   * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
+   * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
+   *   This must be a valid ISO month format (yyyy-MM). You can also use interpolation inside this
+   *   attribute (e.g. `min="{{minMonth | date:'yyyy-MM'}}"`). Note that `min` will also add
+   *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
+   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
+   *   This must be a valid ISO month format (yyyy-MM). You can also use interpolation inside this
+   *   attribute (e.g. `max="{{maxMonth | date:'yyyy-MM'}}"`). Note that `max` will also add
+   *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
+   * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation constraint to the Date / ISO week string
+   *   the `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
+   * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation constraint to the Date / ISO week string
+   *   the `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
+
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+   <example name="month-input-directive" module="monthExample">
+   <file name="index.html">
+     <script>
+      angular.module('monthExample', [])
+        .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.example = {
+            value: new Date(2013, 9, 1)
+          };
+        }]);
+     </script>
+     <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
+       <label for="exampleInput">Pick a month in 2013:</label>
+       <input id="exampleInput" type="month" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+          placeholder="yyyy-MM" min="2013-01" max="2013-12" required />
+       <div role="alert">
+         <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+            Required!</span>
+         <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.month">
+            Not a valid month!</span>
+       </div>
+       <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-MM"}}</tt><br/>
+       <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+       <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+       <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+       <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+     </form>
+   </file>
+   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-MM"'));
+      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+
+      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
+      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
+      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
+      function setInput(val) {
+        // set the value of the element and force validation.
+        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
+        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
+        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
+        browser.executeScript(scr);
+      }
+
+      it('should initialize to model', function() {
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('2013-10');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+        setInput('');
+        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+        setInput('2015-01');
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+   </file>
+   </example>
+   */
+  'month': createDateInputType('month', MONTH_REGEXP,
+     createDateParser(MONTH_REGEXP, ['yyyy', 'MM']),
+     'yyyy-MM'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[number]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Text input with number validation and transformation. Sets the `number` validation
+   * error if not a valid number.
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   * The model must always be of type `number` otherwise AngularJS will throw an error.
+   * Be aware that a string containing a number is not enough. See the {@link ngModel:numfmt}
+   * error docs for more information and an example of how to convert your model if necessary.
+   * </div>
+   *
+   *
+   *
+   * @knownIssue
+   *
+   * ### HTML5 constraint validation and `allowInvalid`
+   *
+   * In browsers that follow the
+   * [HTML5 specification](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#number-state-%28type=number%29),
+   * `input[number]` does not work as expected with {@link ngModelOptions `ngModelOptions.allowInvalid`}.
+   * If a non-number is entered in the input, the browser will report the value as an empty string,
+   * which means the view / model values in `ngModel` and subsequently the scope value
+   * will also be an empty string.
+   *
+   * @knownIssue
+   *
+   * ### Large numbers and `step` validation
+   *
+   * The `step` validation will not work correctly for very large numbers (e.g. 9999999999) due to
+   * Javascript's arithmetic limitations. If you need to handle large numbers, purpose-built
+   * libraries (e.g. https://github.com/MikeMcl/big.js/), can be included into AngularJS by
+   * {@link guide/forms#modifying-built-in-validators overwriting the validators}
+   * for `number` and / or `step`, or by {@link guide/forms#custom-validation applying custom validators}
+   * to an `input[text]` element. The source for `input[number]` type can be used as a starting
+   * point for both implementations.
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
+   *    Can be interpolated.
+   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
+   *    Can be interpolated.
+   * @param {string=} ngMin Like `min`, sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `ngMin`,
+   *    but does not trigger HTML5 native validation. Takes an expression.
+   * @param {string=} ngMax Like `max`, sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `ngMax`,
+   *    but does not trigger HTML5 native validation. Takes an expression.
+   * @param {string=} step Sets the `step` validation error key if the value entered does not fit the `step` constraint.
+   *    Can be interpolated.
+   * @param {string=} ngStep Like `step`, sets the `step` validation error key if the value entered does not fit the `ngStep` constraint,
+   *    but does not trigger HTML5 native validation. Takes an expression.
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+   *    minlength.
+   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
+   *    any length.
+   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
+   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
+   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
+   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
+   *    does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the AngularJS expression given in the attribute value.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
+   *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
+   *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
+   *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+   *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+   *    account.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="number-input-directive" module="numberExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('numberExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.example = {
+                 value: 12
+               };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+           <label>Number:
+             <input type="number" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+                    min="0" max="99" required>
+          </label>
+           <div role="alert">
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+               Required!</span>
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.number">
+               Not valid number!</span>
+           </div>
+           <tt>value = {{example.value}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          var value = element(by.binding('example.value'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+          var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
+
+          it('should initialize to model', function() {
+            expect(value.getText()).toContain('12');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('');
+            expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('123');
+            expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'number': numberInputType,
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[url]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Text input with URL validation. Sets the `url` validation error key if the content is not a
+   * valid URL.
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   * **Note:** `input[url]` uses a regex to validate urls that is derived from the regex
+   * used in Chromium. If you need stricter validation, you can use `ng-pattern` or modify
+   * the built-in validators (see the {@link guide/forms Forms guide})
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+   *    minlength.
+   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
+   *    any length.
+   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
+   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
+   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
+   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
+   *    does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the AngularJS expression given in the attribute value.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
+   *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
+   *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
+   *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+   *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+   *    account.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="url-input-directive" module="urlExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('urlExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.url = {
+                 text: 'http://google.com'
+               };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+           <label>URL:
+             <input type="url" name="input" ng-model="url.text" required>
+           <label>
+           <div role="alert">
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+               Required!</span>
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.url">
+               Not valid url!</span>
+           </div>
+           <tt>text = {{url.text}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.url = {{!!myForm.$error.url}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          var text = element(by.binding('url.text'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+          var input = element(by.model('url.text'));
+
+          it('should initialize to model', function() {
+            expect(text.getText()).toContain('http://google.com');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('');
+
+            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if not url', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('box');
+
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'url': urlInputType,
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[email]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Text input with email validation. Sets the `email` validation error key if not a valid email
+   * address.
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   * **Note:** `input[email]` uses a regex to validate email addresses that is derived from the regex
+   * used in Chromium, which may not fulfill your app's requirements.
+   * If you need stricter (e.g. requiring a top-level domain), or more relaxed validation
+   * (e.g. allowing IPv6 address literals) you can use `ng-pattern` or
+   * modify the built-in validators (see the {@link guide/forms Forms guide}).
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+   *    minlength.
+   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
+   *    any length.
+   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
+   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
+   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
+   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
+   *    does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the AngularJS expression given in the attribute value.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
+   *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
+   *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
+   *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+   *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+   *    account.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="email-input-directive" module="emailExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('emailExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.email = {
+                 text: 'me@example.com'
+               };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+           <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+             <label>Email:
+               <input type="email" name="input" ng-model="email.text" required>
+             </label>
+             <div role="alert">
+               <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+                 Required!</span>
+               <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.email">
+                 Not valid email!</span>
+             </div>
+             <tt>text = {{email.text}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.$error.email = {{!!myForm.$error.email}}</tt><br/>
+           </form>
+         </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          var text = element(by.binding('email.text'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+          var input = element(by.model('email.text'));
+
+          it('should initialize to model', function() {
+            expect(text.getText()).toContain('me@example.com');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('');
+            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if not email', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('xxx');
+
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'email': emailInputType,
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[radio]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * HTML radio button.
+   *
+   * **Note:**<br>
+   * All inputs controlled by {@link ngModel ngModel} (including those of type `radio`) will use the
+   * value of their `name` attribute to determine the property under which their
+   * {@link ngModel.NgModelController NgModelController} will be published on the parent
+   * {@link form.FormController FormController}. Thus, if you use the same `name` for multiple
+   * inputs of a form (e.g. a group of radio inputs), only _one_ `NgModelController` will be
+   * published on the parent `FormController` under that name. The rest of the controllers will
+   * continue to work as expected, but you won't be able to access them as properties on the parent
+   * `FormController`.
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-info">
+   *   <p>
+   *     In plain HTML forms, the `name` attribute is used to identify groups of radio inputs, so
+   *     that the browser can manage their state (checked/unchecked) based on the state of other
+   *     inputs in the same group.
+   *   </p>
+   *   <p>
+   *     In AngularJS forms, this is not necessary. The input's state will be updated based on the
+   *     value of the underlying model data.
+   *   </p>
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-success">
+   *   If you omit the `name` attribute on a radio input, `ngModel` will automatically assign it a
+   *   unique name.
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string} value The value to which the `ngModel` expression should be set when selected.
+   *    Note that `value` only supports `string` values, i.e. the scope model needs to be a string,
+   *    too. Use `ngValue` if you need complex models (`number`, `object`, ...).
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   * @param {string} ngValue AngularJS expression to which `ngModel` will be be set when the radio
+   *    is selected. Should be used instead of the `value` attribute if you need
+   *    a non-string `ngModel` (`boolean`, `array`, ...).
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="radio-input-directive" module="radioExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('radioExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.color = {
+                 name: 'blue'
+               };
+               $scope.specialValue = {
+                 "id": "12345",
+                 "value": "green"
+               };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+           <label>
+             <input type="radio" ng-model="color.name" value="red">
+             Red
+           </label><br/>
+           <label>
+             <input type="radio" ng-model="color.name" ng-value="specialValue">
+             Green
+           </label><br/>
+           <label>
+             <input type="radio" ng-model="color.name" value="blue">
+             Blue
+           </label><br/>
+           <tt>color = {{color.name | json}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+          Note that `ng-value="specialValue"` sets radio item's value to be the value of `$scope.specialValue`.
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          it('should change state', function() {
+            var inputs = element.all(by.model('color.name'));
+            var color = element(by.binding('color.name'));
+
+            expect(color.getText()).toContain('blue');
+
+            inputs.get(0).click();
+            expect(color.getText()).toContain('red');
+
+            inputs.get(1).click();
+            expect(color.getText()).toContain('green');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'radio': radioInputType,
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[range]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Native range input with validation and transformation.
+   *
+   * The model for the range input must always be a `Number`.
+   *
+   * IE9 and other browsers that do not support the `range` type fall back
+   * to a text input without any default values for `min`, `max` and `step`. Model binding,
+   * validation and number parsing are nevertheless supported.
+   *
+   * Browsers that support range (latest Chrome, Safari, Firefox, Edge) treat `input[range]`
+   * in a way that never allows the input to hold an invalid value. That means:
+   * - any non-numerical value is set to `(max + min) / 2`.
+   * - any numerical value that is less than the current min val, or greater than the current max val
+   * is set to the min / max val respectively.
+   * - additionally, the current `step` is respected, so the nearest value that satisfies a step
+   * is used.
+   *
+   * See the [HTML Spec on input[type=range]](https://www.w3.org/TR/html5/forms.html#range-state-(type=range))
+   * for more info.
+   *
+   * This has the following consequences for AngularJS:
+   *
+   * Since the element value should always reflect the current model value, a range input
+   * will set the bound ngModel expression to the value that the browser has set for the
+   * input element. For example, in the following input `<input type="range" ng-model="model.value">`,
+   * if the application sets `model.value = null`, the browser will set the input to `'50'`.
+   * AngularJS will then set the model to `50`, to prevent input and model value being out of sync.
+   *
+   * That means the model for range will immediately be set to `50` after `ngModel` has been
+   * initialized. It also means a range input can never have the required error.
+   *
+   * This does not only affect changes to the model value, but also to the values of the `min`,
+   * `max`, and `step` attributes. When these change in a way that will cause the browser to modify
+   * the input value, AngularJS will also update the model value.
+   *
+   * Automatic value adjustment also means that a range input element can never have the `required`,
+   * `min`, or `max` errors.
+   *
+   * However, `step` is currently only fully implemented by Firefox. Other browsers have problems
+   * when the step value changes dynamically - they do not adjust the element value correctly, but
+   * instead may set the `stepMismatch` error. If that's the case, the AngularJS will set the `step`
+   * error on the input, and set the model to `undefined`.
+   *
+   * Note that `input[range]` is not compatible with`ngMax`, `ngMin`, and `ngStep`, because they do
+   * not set the `min` and `max` attributes, which means that the browser won't automatically adjust
+   * the input value based on their values, and will always assume min = 0, max = 100, and step = 1.
+   *
+   * @param {string}  ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation to ensure that the value entered is greater
+   *                  than `min`. Can be interpolated.
+   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation to ensure that the value entered is less than `max`.
+   *                  Can be interpolated.
+   * @param {string=} step Sets the `step` validation to ensure that the value entered matches the `step`
+   *                  Can be interpolated.
+   * @param {expression=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when the ngModel value changes due
+   *                      to user interaction with the input element.
+   * @param {expression=} ngChecked If the expression is truthy, then the `checked` attribute will be set on the
+   *                      element. **Note** : `ngChecked` should not be used alongside `ngModel`.
+   *                      Checkout {@link ng.directive:ngChecked ngChecked} for usage.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="range-input-directive" module="rangeExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+          <script>
+            angular.module('rangeExample', [])
+              .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+                $scope.value = 75;
+                $scope.min = 10;
+                $scope.max = 90;
+              }]);
+          </script>
+          <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+
+            Model as range: <input type="range" name="range" ng-model="value" min="{{min}}"  max="{{max}}">
+            <hr>
+            Model as number: <input type="number" ng-model="value"><br>
+            Min: <input type="number" ng-model="min"><br>
+            Max: <input type="number" ng-model="max"><br>
+            value = <code>{{value}}</code><br/>
+            myForm.range.$valid = <code>{{myForm.range.$valid}}</code><br/>
+            myForm.range.$error = <code>{{myForm.range.$error}}</code>
+          </form>
+        </file>
+      </example>
+
+   * ## Range Input with ngMin & ngMax attributes
+
+   * @example
+      <example name="range-input-directive-ng" module="rangeExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+          <script>
+            angular.module('rangeExample', [])
+              .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+                $scope.value = 75;
+                $scope.min = 10;
+                $scope.max = 90;
+              }]);
+          </script>
+          <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+            Model as range: <input type="range" name="range" ng-model="value" ng-min="min" ng-max="max">
+            <hr>
+            Model as number: <input type="number" ng-model="value"><br>
+            Min: <input type="number" ng-model="min"><br>
+            Max: <input type="number" ng-model="max"><br>
+            value = <code>{{value}}</code><br/>
+            myForm.range.$valid = <code>{{myForm.range.$valid}}</code><br/>
+            myForm.range.$error = <code>{{myForm.range.$error}}</code>
+          </form>
+        </file>
+      </example>
+
+   */
+  'range': rangeInputType,
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[checkbox]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * HTML checkbox.
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {expression=} ngTrueValue The value to which the expression should be set when selected.
+   * @param {expression=} ngFalseValue The value to which the expression should be set when not selected.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="checkbox-input-directive" module="checkboxExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('checkboxExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.checkboxModel = {
+                value1 : true,
+                value2 : 'YES'
+              };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+           <label>Value1:
+             <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checkboxModel.value1">
+           </label><br/>
+           <label>Value2:
+             <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checkboxModel.value2"
+                    ng-true-value="'YES'" ng-false-value="'NO'">
+            </label><br/>
+           <tt>value1 = {{checkboxModel.value1}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>value2 = {{checkboxModel.value2}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          it('should change state', function() {
+            var value1 = element(by.binding('checkboxModel.value1'));
+            var value2 = element(by.binding('checkboxModel.value2'));
+
+            expect(value1.getText()).toContain('true');
+            expect(value2.getText()).toContain('YES');
+
+            element(by.model('checkboxModel.value1')).click();
+            element(by.model('checkboxModel.value2')).click();
+
+            expect(value1.getText()).toContain('false');
+            expect(value2.getText()).toContain('NO');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'checkbox': checkboxInputType,
+
+  'hidden': noop,
+  'button': noop,
+  'submit': noop,
+  'reset': noop,
+  'file': noop
+};
+
+function stringBasedInputType(ctrl) {
+  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) ? value : value.toString();
+  });
+}
+
+function textInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+  stringBasedInputType(ctrl);
+}
+
+function baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  var type = lowercase(element[0].type);
+
+  // In composition mode, users are still inputting intermediate text buffer,
+  // hold the listener until composition is done.
+  // More about composition events: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CompositionEvent
+  if (!$sniffer.android) {
+    var composing = false;
+
+    element.on('compositionstart', function() {
+      composing = true;
+    });
+
+    // Support: IE9+
+    element.on('compositionupdate', function(ev) {
+      // End composition when ev.data is empty string on 'compositionupdate' event.
+      // When the input de-focusses (e.g. by clicking away), IE triggers 'compositionupdate'
+      // instead of 'compositionend'.
+      if (isUndefined(ev.data) || ev.data === '') {
+        composing = false;
+      }
+    });
+
+    element.on('compositionend', function() {
+      composing = false;
+      listener();
+    });
+  }
+
+  var timeout;
+
+  var listener = function(ev) {
+    if (timeout) {
+      $browser.defer.cancel(timeout);
+      timeout = null;
+    }
+    if (composing) return;
+    var value = element.val(),
+        event = ev && ev.type;
+
+    // By default we will trim the value
+    // If the attribute ng-trim exists we will avoid trimming
+    // If input type is 'password', the value is never trimmed
+    if (type !== 'password' && (!attr.ngTrim || attr.ngTrim !== 'false')) {
+      value = trim(value);
+    }
+
+    // If a control is suffering from bad input (due to native validators), browsers discard its
+    // value, so it may be necessary to revalidate (by calling $setViewValue again) even if the
+    // control's value is the same empty value twice in a row.
+    if (ctrl.$viewValue !== value || (value === '' && ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators)) {
+      ctrl.$setViewValue(value, event);
+    }
+  };
+
+  // if the browser does support "input" event, we are fine - except on IE9 which doesn't fire the
+  // input event on backspace, delete or cut
+  if ($sniffer.hasEvent('input')) {
+    element.on('input', listener);
+  } else {
+    var deferListener = function(ev, input, origValue) {
+      if (!timeout) {
+        timeout = $browser.defer(function() {
+          timeout = null;
+          if (!input || input.value !== origValue) {
+            listener(ev);
+          }
+        });
+      }
+    };
+
+    element.on('keydown', /** @this */ function(event) {
+      var key = event.keyCode;
+
+      // ignore
+      //    command            modifiers                   arrows
+      if (key === 91 || (15 < key && key < 19) || (37 <= key && key <= 40)) return;
+
+      deferListener(event, this, this.value);
+    });
+
+    // if user modifies input value using context menu in IE, we need "paste", "cut" and "drop" events to catch it
+    if ($sniffer.hasEvent('paste')) {
+      element.on('paste cut drop', deferListener);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // if user paste into input using mouse on older browser
+  // or form autocomplete on newer browser, we need "change" event to catch it
+  element.on('change', listener);
+
+  // Some native input types (date-family) have the ability to change validity without
+  // firing any input/change events.
+  // For these event types, when native validators are present and the browser supports the type,
+  // check for validity changes on various DOM events.
+  if (PARTIAL_VALIDATION_TYPES[type] && ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators && type === attr.type) {
+    element.on(PARTIAL_VALIDATION_EVENTS, /** @this */ function(ev) {
+      if (!timeout) {
+        var validity = this[VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY];
+        var origBadInput = validity.badInput;
+        var origTypeMismatch = validity.typeMismatch;
+        timeout = $browser.defer(function() {
+          timeout = null;
+          if (validity.badInput !== origBadInput || validity.typeMismatch !== origTypeMismatch) {
+            listener(ev);
+          }
+        });
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  ctrl.$render = function() {
+    // Workaround for Firefox validation #12102.
+    var value = ctrl.$isEmpty(ctrl.$viewValue) ? '' : ctrl.$viewValue;
+    if (element.val() !== value) {
+      element.val(value);
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+function weekParser(isoWeek, existingDate) {
+  if (isDate(isoWeek)) {
+    return isoWeek;
+  }
+
+  if (isString(isoWeek)) {
+    WEEK_REGEXP.lastIndex = 0;
+    var parts = WEEK_REGEXP.exec(isoWeek);
+    if (parts) {
+      var year = +parts[1],
+          week = +parts[2],
+          hours = 0,
+          minutes = 0,
+          seconds = 0,
+          milliseconds = 0,
+          firstThurs = getFirstThursdayOfYear(year),
+          addDays = (week - 1) * 7;
+
+      if (existingDate) {
+        hours = existingDate.getHours();
+        minutes = existingDate.getMinutes();
+        seconds = existingDate.getSeconds();
+        milliseconds = existingDate.getMilliseconds();
+      }
+
+      return new Date(year, 0, firstThurs.getDate() + addDays, hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return NaN;
+}
+
+function createDateParser(regexp, mapping) {
+  return function(iso, previousDate) {
+    var parts, map;
+
+    if (isDate(iso)) {
+      return iso;
+    }
+
+    if (isString(iso)) {
+      // When a date is JSON'ified to wraps itself inside of an extra
+      // set of double quotes. This makes the date parsing code unable
+      // to match the date string and parse it as a date.
+      if (iso.charAt(0) === '"' && iso.charAt(iso.length - 1) === '"') {
+        iso = iso.substring(1, iso.length - 1);
+      }
+      if (ISO_DATE_REGEXP.test(iso)) {
+        return new Date(iso);
+      }
+      regexp.lastIndex = 0;
+      parts = regexp.exec(iso);
+
+      if (parts) {
+        parts.shift();
+        if (previousDate) {
+          map = {
+            yyyy: previousDate.getFullYear(),
+            MM: previousDate.getMonth() + 1,
+            dd: previousDate.getDate(),
+            HH: previousDate.getHours(),
+            mm: previousDate.getMinutes(),
+            ss: previousDate.getSeconds(),
+            sss: previousDate.getMilliseconds() / 1000
+          };
+        } else {
+          map = { yyyy: 1970, MM: 1, dd: 1, HH: 0, mm: 0, ss: 0, sss: 0 };
+        }
+
+        forEach(parts, function(part, index) {
+          if (index < mapping.length) {
+            map[mapping[index]] = +part;
+          }
+        });
+
+        var date = new Date(map.yyyy, map.MM - 1, map.dd, map.HH, map.mm, map.ss || 0, map.sss * 1000 || 0);
+        if (map.yyyy < 100) {
+          // In the constructor, 2-digit years map to 1900-1999.
+          // Use `setFullYear()` to set the correct year.
+          date.setFullYear(map.yyyy);
+        }
+
+        return date;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return NaN;
+  };
+}
+
+function createDateInputType(type, regexp, parseDate, format) {
+  return function dynamicDateInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser, $filter, $parse) {
+    badInputChecker(scope, element, attr, ctrl, type);
+    baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+
+    var isTimeType = type === 'time' || type === 'datetimelocal';
+    var previousDate;
+    var previousTimezone;
+
+    ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
+      if (ctrl.$isEmpty(value)) return null;
+
+      if (regexp.test(value)) {
+        // Note: We cannot read ctrl.$modelValue, as there might be a different
+        // parser/formatter in the processing chain so that the model
+        // contains some different data format!
+        return parseDateAndConvertTimeZoneToLocal(value, previousDate);
+      }
+      ctrl.$$parserName = type;
+      return undefined;
+    });
+
+    ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+      if (value && !isDate(value)) {
+        throw ngModelMinErr('datefmt', 'Expected `{0}` to be a date', value);
+      }
+      if (isValidDate(value)) {
+        previousDate = value;
+        var timezone = ctrl.$options.getOption('timezone');
+
+        if (timezone) {
+          previousTimezone = timezone;
+          previousDate = convertTimezoneToLocal(previousDate, timezone, true);
+        }
+
+        return formatter(value, timezone);
+      } else {
+        previousDate = null;
+        previousTimezone = null;
+        return '';
+      }
+    });
+
+    if (isDefined(attr.min) || attr.ngMin) {
+      var minVal = attr.min || $parse(attr.ngMin)(scope);
+      var parsedMinVal = parseObservedDateValue(minVal);
+
+      ctrl.$validators.min = function(value) {
+        return !isValidDate(value) || isUndefined(parsedMinVal) || parseDate(value) >= parsedMinVal;
+      };
+      attr.$observe('min', function(val) {
+        if (val !== minVal) {
+          parsedMinVal = parseObservedDateValue(val);
+          minVal = val;
+          ctrl.$validate();
+        }
+      });
+    }
+
+    if (isDefined(attr.max) || attr.ngMax) {
+      var maxVal = attr.max || $parse(attr.ngMax)(scope);
+      var parsedMaxVal = parseObservedDateValue(maxVal);
+
+      ctrl.$validators.max = function(value) {
+        return !isValidDate(value) || isUndefined(parsedMaxVal) || parseDate(value) <= parsedMaxVal;
+      };
+      attr.$observe('max', function(val) {
+        if (val !== maxVal) {
+          parsedMaxVal = parseObservedDateValue(val);
+          maxVal = val;
+          ctrl.$validate();
+        }
+      });
+    }
+
+    function isValidDate(value) {
+      // Invalid Date: getTime() returns NaN
+      return value && !(value.getTime && value.getTime() !== value.getTime());
+    }
+
+    function parseObservedDateValue(val) {
+      return isDefined(val) && !isDate(val) ? parseDateAndConvertTimeZoneToLocal(val) || undefined : val;
+    }
+
+    function parseDateAndConvertTimeZoneToLocal(value, previousDate) {
+      var timezone = ctrl.$options.getOption('timezone');
+
+      if (previousTimezone && previousTimezone !== timezone) {
+        // If the timezone has changed, adjust the previousDate to the default timezone
+        // so that the new date is converted with the correct timezone offset
+        previousDate = addDateMinutes(previousDate, timezoneToOffset(previousTimezone));
+      }
+
+      var parsedDate = parseDate(value, previousDate);
+
+      if (!isNaN(parsedDate) && timezone) {
+        parsedDate = convertTimezoneToLocal(parsedDate, timezone);
+      }
+      return parsedDate;
+    }
+
+    function formatter(value, timezone) {
+      var targetFormat = format;
+
+      if (isTimeType && isString(ctrl.$options.getOption('timeSecondsFormat'))) {
+        targetFormat = format
+          .replace('ss.sss', ctrl.$options.getOption('timeSecondsFormat'))
+          .replace(/:$/, '');
+      }
+
+      var formatted =  $filter('date')(value, targetFormat, timezone);
+
+      if (isTimeType && ctrl.$options.getOption('timeStripZeroSeconds')) {
+        formatted = formatted.replace(/(?::00)?(?:\.000)?$/, '');
+      }
+
+      return formatted;
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+function badInputChecker(scope, element, attr, ctrl, parserName) {
+  var node = element[0];
+  var nativeValidation = ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators = isObject(node.validity);
+  if (nativeValidation) {
+    ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
+      var validity = element.prop(VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY) || {};
+      if (validity.badInput || validity.typeMismatch) {
+        ctrl.$$parserName = parserName;
+        return undefined;
+      }
+
+      return value;
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function numberFormatterParser(ctrl) {
+  ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
+    if (ctrl.$isEmpty(value))      return null;
+    if (NUMBER_REGEXP.test(value)) return parseFloat(value);
+
+    ctrl.$$parserName = 'number';
+    return undefined;
+  });
+
+  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+    if (!ctrl.$isEmpty(value)) {
+      if (!isNumber(value)) {
+        throw ngModelMinErr('numfmt', 'Expected `{0}` to be a number', value);
+      }
+      value = value.toString();
+    }
+    return value;
+  });
+}
+
+function parseNumberAttrVal(val) {
+  if (isDefined(val) && !isNumber(val)) {
+    val = parseFloat(val);
+  }
+  return !isNumberNaN(val) ? val : undefined;
+}
+
+function isNumberInteger(num) {
+  // See http://stackoverflow.com/questions/14636536/how-to-check-if-a-variable-is-an-integer-in-javascript#14794066
+  // (minus the assumption that `num` is a number)
+
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-bitwise
+  return (num | 0) === num;
+}
+
+function countDecimals(num) {
+  var numString = num.toString();
+  var decimalSymbolIndex = numString.indexOf('.');
+
+  if (decimalSymbolIndex === -1) {
+    if (-1 < num && num < 1) {
+      // It may be in the exponential notation format (`1e-X`)
+      var match = /e-(\d+)$/.exec(numString);
+
+      if (match) {
+        return Number(match[1]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return numString.length - decimalSymbolIndex - 1;
+}
+
+function isValidForStep(viewValue, stepBase, step) {
+  // At this point `stepBase` and `step` are expected to be non-NaN values
+  // and `viewValue` is expected to be a valid stringified number.
+  var value = Number(viewValue);
+
+  var isNonIntegerValue = !isNumberInteger(value);
+  var isNonIntegerStepBase = !isNumberInteger(stepBase);
+  var isNonIntegerStep = !isNumberInteger(step);
+
+  // Due to limitations in Floating Point Arithmetic (e.g. `0.3 - 0.2 !== 0.1` or
+  // `0.5 % 0.1 !== 0`), we need to convert all numbers to integers.
+  if (isNonIntegerValue || isNonIntegerStepBase || isNonIntegerStep) {
+    var valueDecimals = isNonIntegerValue ? countDecimals(value) : 0;
+    var stepBaseDecimals = isNonIntegerStepBase ? countDecimals(stepBase) : 0;
+    var stepDecimals = isNonIntegerStep ? countDecimals(step) : 0;
+
+    var decimalCount = Math.max(valueDecimals, stepBaseDecimals, stepDecimals);
+    var multiplier = Math.pow(10, decimalCount);
+
+    value = value * multiplier;
+    stepBase = stepBase * multiplier;
+    step = step * multiplier;
+
+    if (isNonIntegerValue) value = Math.round(value);
+    if (isNonIntegerStepBase) stepBase = Math.round(stepBase);
+    if (isNonIntegerStep) step = Math.round(step);
+  }
+
+  return (value - stepBase) % step === 0;
+}
+
+function numberInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser, $filter, $parse) {
+  badInputChecker(scope, element, attr, ctrl, 'number');
+  numberFormatterParser(ctrl);
+  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+
+  var parsedMinVal;
+
+  if (isDefined(attr.min) || attr.ngMin) {
+    var minVal = attr.min || $parse(attr.ngMin)(scope);
+    parsedMinVal = parseNumberAttrVal(minVal);
+
+    ctrl.$validators.min = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+      return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || isUndefined(parsedMinVal) || viewValue >= parsedMinVal;
+    };
+
+    attr.$observe('min', function(val) {
+      if (val !== minVal) {
+        parsedMinVal = parseNumberAttrVal(val);
+        minVal = val;
+        // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
+        ctrl.$validate();
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (isDefined(attr.max) || attr.ngMax) {
+    var maxVal = attr.max || $parse(attr.ngMax)(scope);
+    var parsedMaxVal = parseNumberAttrVal(maxVal);
+
+    ctrl.$validators.max = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+      return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || isUndefined(parsedMaxVal) || viewValue <= parsedMaxVal;
+    };
+
+    attr.$observe('max', function(val) {
+      if (val !== maxVal) {
+        parsedMaxVal = parseNumberAttrVal(val);
+        maxVal = val;
+        // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
+        ctrl.$validate();
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (isDefined(attr.step) || attr.ngStep) {
+    var stepVal = attr.step || $parse(attr.ngStep)(scope);
+    var parsedStepVal = parseNumberAttrVal(stepVal);
+
+    ctrl.$validators.step = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+      return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || isUndefined(parsedStepVal) ||
+        isValidForStep(viewValue, parsedMinVal || 0, parsedStepVal);
+    };
+
+    attr.$observe('step', function(val) {
+      // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
+      if (val !== stepVal) {
+        parsedStepVal = parseNumberAttrVal(val);
+        stepVal = val;
+        ctrl.$validate();
+      }
+
+    });
+
+  }
+}
+
+function rangeInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  badInputChecker(scope, element, attr, ctrl, 'range');
+  numberFormatterParser(ctrl);
+  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+
+  var supportsRange = ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators && element[0].type === 'range',
+      minVal = supportsRange ? 0 : undefined,
+      maxVal = supportsRange ? 100 : undefined,
+      stepVal = supportsRange ? 1 : undefined,
+      validity = element[0].validity,
+      hasMinAttr = isDefined(attr.min),
+      hasMaxAttr = isDefined(attr.max),
+      hasStepAttr = isDefined(attr.step);
+
+  var originalRender = ctrl.$render;
+
+  ctrl.$render = supportsRange && isDefined(validity.rangeUnderflow) && isDefined(validity.rangeOverflow) ?
+    //Browsers that implement range will set these values automatically, but reading the adjusted values after
+    //$render would cause the min / max validators to be applied with the wrong value
+    function rangeRender() {
+      originalRender();
+      ctrl.$setViewValue(element.val());
+    } :
+    originalRender;
+
+  if (hasMinAttr) {
+    minVal = parseNumberAttrVal(attr.min);
+
+    ctrl.$validators.min = supportsRange ?
+      // Since all browsers set the input to a valid value, we don't need to check validity
+      function noopMinValidator() { return true; } :
+      // non-support browsers validate the min val
+      function minValidator(modelValue, viewValue) {
+        return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || isUndefined(minVal) || viewValue >= minVal;
+      };
+
+    setInitialValueAndObserver('min', minChange);
+  }
+
+  if (hasMaxAttr) {
+    maxVal = parseNumberAttrVal(attr.max);
+
+    ctrl.$validators.max = supportsRange ?
+      // Since all browsers set the input to a valid value, we don't need to check validity
+      function noopMaxValidator() { return true; } :
+      // non-support browsers validate the max val
+      function maxValidator(modelValue, viewValue) {
+        return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || isUndefined(maxVal) || viewValue <= maxVal;
+      };
+
+    setInitialValueAndObserver('max', maxChange);
+  }
+
+  if (hasStepAttr) {
+    stepVal = parseNumberAttrVal(attr.step);
+
+    ctrl.$validators.step = supportsRange ?
+      function nativeStepValidator() {
+        // Currently, only FF implements the spec on step change correctly (i.e. adjusting the
+        // input element value to a valid value). It's possible that other browsers set the stepMismatch
+        // validity error instead, so we can at least report an error in that case.
+        return !validity.stepMismatch;
+      } :
+      // ngStep doesn't set the setp attr, so the browser doesn't adjust the input value as setting step would
+      function stepValidator(modelValue, viewValue) {
+        return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || isUndefined(stepVal) ||
+               isValidForStep(viewValue, minVal || 0, stepVal);
+      };
+
+    setInitialValueAndObserver('step', stepChange);
+  }
+
+  function setInitialValueAndObserver(htmlAttrName, changeFn) {
+    // interpolated attributes set the attribute value only after a digest, but we need the
+    // attribute value when the input is first rendered, so that the browser can adjust the
+    // input value based on the min/max value
+    element.attr(htmlAttrName, attr[htmlAttrName]);
+    var oldVal = attr[htmlAttrName];
+    attr.$observe(htmlAttrName, function wrappedObserver(val) {
+      if (val !== oldVal) {
+        oldVal = val;
+        changeFn(val);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  function minChange(val) {
+    minVal = parseNumberAttrVal(val);
+    // ignore changes before model is initialized
+    if (isNumberNaN(ctrl.$modelValue)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (supportsRange) {
+      var elVal = element.val();
+      // IE11 doesn't set the el val correctly if the minVal is greater than the element value
+      if (minVal > elVal) {
+        elVal = minVal;
+        element.val(elVal);
+      }
+      ctrl.$setViewValue(elVal);
+    } else {
+      // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
+      ctrl.$validate();
+    }
+  }
+
+  function maxChange(val) {
+    maxVal = parseNumberAttrVal(val);
+    // ignore changes before model is initialized
+    if (isNumberNaN(ctrl.$modelValue)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (supportsRange) {
+      var elVal = element.val();
+      // IE11 doesn't set the el val correctly if the maxVal is less than the element value
+      if (maxVal < elVal) {
+        element.val(maxVal);
+        // IE11 and Chrome don't set the value to the minVal when max < min
+        elVal = maxVal < minVal ? minVal : maxVal;
+      }
+      ctrl.$setViewValue(elVal);
+    } else {
+      // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
+      ctrl.$validate();
+    }
+  }
+
+  function stepChange(val) {
+    stepVal = parseNumberAttrVal(val);
+    // ignore changes before model is initialized
+    if (isNumberNaN(ctrl.$modelValue)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Some browsers don't adjust the input value correctly, but set the stepMismatch error
+    if (!supportsRange) {
+      // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
+      ctrl.$validate();
+    } else if (ctrl.$viewValue !== element.val()) {
+      ctrl.$setViewValue(element.val());
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function urlInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  // Note: no badInputChecker here by purpose as `url` is only a validation
+  // in browsers, i.e. we can always read out input.value even if it is not valid!
+  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+  stringBasedInputType(ctrl);
+
+  ctrl.$validators.url = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+    var value = modelValue || viewValue;
+    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || URL_REGEXP.test(value);
+  };
+}
+
+function emailInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  // Note: no badInputChecker here by purpose as `url` is only a validation
+  // in browsers, i.e. we can always read out input.value even if it is not valid!
+  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+  stringBasedInputType(ctrl);
+
+  ctrl.$validators.email = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+    var value = modelValue || viewValue;
+    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || EMAIL_REGEXP.test(value);
+  };
+}
+
+function radioInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
+  var doTrim = !attr.ngTrim || trim(attr.ngTrim) !== 'false';
+  // make the name unique, if not defined
+  if (isUndefined(attr.name)) {
+    element.attr('name', nextUid());
+  }
+
+  var listener = function(ev) {
+    var value;
+    if (element[0].checked) {
+      value = attr.value;
+      if (doTrim) {
+        value = trim(value);
+      }
+      ctrl.$setViewValue(value, ev && ev.type);
+    }
+  };
+
+  element.on('change', listener);
+
+  ctrl.$render = function() {
+    var value = attr.value;
+    if (doTrim) {
+      value = trim(value);
+    }
+    element[0].checked = (value === ctrl.$viewValue);
+  };
+
+  attr.$observe('value', ctrl.$render);
+}
+
+function parseConstantExpr($parse, context, name, expression, fallback) {
+  var parseFn;
+  if (isDefined(expression)) {
+    parseFn = $parse(expression);
+    if (!parseFn.constant) {
+      throw ngModelMinErr('constexpr', 'Expected constant expression for `{0}`, but saw ' +
+                                   '`{1}`.', name, expression);
+    }
+    return parseFn(context);
+  }
+  return fallback;
+}
+
+function checkboxInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser, $filter, $parse) {
+  var trueValue = parseConstantExpr($parse, scope, 'ngTrueValue', attr.ngTrueValue, true);
+  var falseValue = parseConstantExpr($parse, scope, 'ngFalseValue', attr.ngFalseValue, false);
+
+  var listener = function(ev) {
+    ctrl.$setViewValue(element[0].checked, ev && ev.type);
+  };
+
+  element.on('change', listener);
+
+  ctrl.$render = function() {
+    element[0].checked = ctrl.$viewValue;
+  };
+
+  // Override the standard `$isEmpty` because the $viewValue of an empty checkbox is always set to `false`
+  // This is because of the parser below, which compares the `$modelValue` with `trueValue` to convert
+  // it to a boolean.
+  ctrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
+    return value === false;
+  };
+
+  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+    return equals(value, trueValue);
+  });
+
+  ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
+    return value ? trueValue : falseValue;
+  });
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name textarea
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * HTML textarea element control with AngularJS data-binding. The data-binding and validation
+ * properties of this element are exactly the same as those of the
+ * {@link ng.directive:input input element}.
+ *
+ * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+ * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+ * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+ * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+ *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+ *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+ * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+ *    minlength.
+ * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+ *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of any
+ *    length.
+ * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
+ *    does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the AngularJS expression given in the attribute value.
+ *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+ *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
+ *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
+ *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
+ *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+ *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+ *    account.
+ * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+ *    interaction with the input element.
+ * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false AngularJS will not automatically trim the input.
+ *
+ * @knownIssue
+ *
+ * When specifying the `placeholder` attribute of `<textarea>`, Internet Explorer will temporarily
+ * insert the placeholder value as the textarea's content. If the placeholder value contains
+ * interpolation (`{{ ... }}`), an error will be logged in the console when AngularJS tries to update
+ * the value of the by-then-removed text node. This doesn't affect the functionality of the
+ * textarea, but can be undesirable.
+ *
+ * You can work around this Internet Explorer issue by using `ng-attr-placeholder` instead of
+ * `placeholder` on textareas, whenever you need interpolation in the placeholder value. You can
+ * find more details on `ngAttr` in the
+ * [Interpolation](guide/interpolation#-ngattr-for-binding-to-arbitrary-attributes) section of the
+ * Developer Guide.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name input
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * HTML input element control. When used together with {@link ngModel `ngModel`}, it provides data-binding,
+ * input state control, and validation.
+ * Input control follows HTML5 input types and polyfills the HTML5 validation behavior for older browsers.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** Not every feature offered is available for all input types.
+ * Specifically, data binding and event handling via `ng-model` is unsupported for `input[file]`.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+ * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+ * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+ * @param {boolean=} ngRequired Sets `required` attribute if set to true
+ * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+ *    minlength.
+ * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+ *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of any
+ *    length.
+ * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
+ *    value does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the AngularJS expression given in the attribute value.
+ *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+ *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
+ *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
+ *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
+ *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+ *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+ *    account.
+ * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+ *    interaction with the input element.
+ * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false AngularJS will not automatically trim the input.
+ *    This parameter is ignored for input[type=password] controls, which will never trim the
+ *    input.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example name="input-directive" module="inputExample">
+      <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+          angular.module('inputExample', [])
+            .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+              $scope.user = {name: 'guest', last: 'visitor'};
+            }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <form name="myForm">
+           <label>
+              User name:
+              <input type="text" name="userName" ng-model="user.name" required>
+           </label>
+           <div role="alert">
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.userName.$error.required">
+              Required!</span>
+           </div>
+           <label>
+              Last name:
+              <input type="text" name="lastName" ng-model="user.last"
+              ng-minlength="3" ng-maxlength="10">
+           </label>
+           <div role="alert">
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.lastName.$error.minlength">
+               Too short!</span>
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.lastName.$error.maxlength">
+               Too long!</span>
+           </div>
+         </form>
+         <hr>
+         <tt>user = {{user}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.userName.$valid = {{myForm.userName.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.userName.$error = {{myForm.userName.$error}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.lastName.$valid = {{myForm.lastName.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.lastName.$error = {{myForm.lastName.$error}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.$error.minlength = {{!!myForm.$error.minlength}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.$error.maxlength = {{!!myForm.$error.maxlength}}</tt><br/>
+       </div>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        var user = element(by.exactBinding('user'));
+        var userNameValid = element(by.binding('myForm.userName.$valid'));
+        var lastNameValid = element(by.binding('myForm.lastName.$valid'));
+        var lastNameError = element(by.binding('myForm.lastName.$error'));
+        var formValid = element(by.binding('myForm.$valid'));
+        var userNameInput = element(by.model('user.name'));
+        var userLastInput = element(by.model('user.last'));
+
+        it('should initialize to model', function() {
+          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest","last":"visitor"}');
+          expect(userNameValid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('true');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if empty when required', function() {
+          userNameInput.clear();
+          userNameInput.sendKeys('');
+
+          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"last":"visitor"}');
+          expect(userNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+        });
+
+        it('should be valid if empty when min length is set', function() {
+          userLastInput.clear();
+          userLastInput.sendKeys('');
+
+          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest","last":""}');
+          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('true');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if less than required min length', function() {
+          userLastInput.clear();
+          userLastInput.sendKeys('xx');
+
+          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest"}');
+          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          expect(lastNameError.getText()).toContain('minlength');
+          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if longer than max length', function() {
+          userLastInput.clear();
+          userLastInput.sendKeys('some ridiculously long name');
+
+          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest"}');
+          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          expect(lastNameError.getText()).toContain('maxlength');
+          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
+var inputDirective = ['$browser', '$sniffer', '$filter', '$parse',
+    function($browser, $sniffer, $filter, $parse) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    require: ['?ngModel'],
+    link: {
+      pre: function(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
+        if (ctrls[0]) {
+          (inputType[lowercase(attr.type)] || inputType.text)(scope, element, attr, ctrls[0], $sniffer,
+                                                              $browser, $filter, $parse);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+
+var hiddenInputBrowserCacheDirective = function() {
+  var valueProperty = {
+    configurable: true,
+    enumerable: false,
+    get: function() {
+      return this.getAttribute('value') || '';
+    },
+    set: function(val) {
+      this.setAttribute('value', val);
+    }
+  };
+
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    priority: 200,
+    compile: function(_, attr) {
+      if (lowercase(attr.type) !== 'hidden') {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      return {
+        pre: function(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
+          var node = element[0];
+
+          // Support: Edge
+          // Moving the DOM around prevents autofillling
+          if (node.parentNode) {
+            node.parentNode.insertBefore(node, node.nextSibling);
+          }
+
+          // Support: FF, IE
+          // Avoiding direct assignment to .value prevents autofillling
+          if (Object.defineProperty) {
+            Object.defineProperty(node, 'value', valueProperty);
+          }
+        }
+      };
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+
+
+var CONSTANT_VALUE_REGEXP = /^(true|false|\d+)$/;
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngValue
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Binds the given expression to the value of the element.
+ *
+ * It is mainly used on {@link input[radio] `input[radio]`} and option elements,
+ * so that when the element is selected, the {@link ngModel `ngModel`} of that element (or its
+ * {@link select `select`} parent element) is set to the bound value. It is especially useful
+ * for dynamically generated lists using {@link ngRepeat `ngRepeat`}, as shown below.
+ *
+ * It can also be used to achieve one-way binding of a given expression to an input element
+ * such as an `input[text]` or a `textarea`, when that element does not use ngModel.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {string=} ngValue AngularJS expression, whose value will be bound to the `value` attribute
+ * and `value` property of the element.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example name="ngValue-directive" module="valueExample">
+      <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+          angular.module('valueExample', [])
+            .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+              $scope.names = ['pizza', 'unicorns', 'robots'];
+              $scope.my = { favorite: 'unicorns' };
+            }]);
+       </script>
+        <form ng-controller="ExampleController">
+          <h2>Which is your favorite?</h2>
+            <label ng-repeat="name in names" for="{{name}}">
+              {{name}}
+              <input type="radio"
+                     ng-model="my.favorite"
+                     ng-value="name"
+                     id="{{name}}"
+                     name="favorite">
+            </label>
+          <div>You chose {{my.favorite}}</div>
+        </form>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        var favorite = element(by.binding('my.favorite'));
+
+        it('should initialize to model', function() {
+          expect(favorite.getText()).toContain('unicorns');
+        });
+        it('should bind the values to the inputs', function() {
+          element.all(by.model('my.favorite')).get(0).click();
+          expect(favorite.getText()).toContain('pizza');
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
+var ngValueDirective = function() {
+  /**
+   *  inputs use the value attribute as their default value if the value property is not set.
+   *  Once the value property has been set (by adding input), it will not react to changes to
+   *  the value attribute anymore. Setting both attribute and property fixes this behavior, and
+   *  makes it possible to use ngValue as a sort of one-way bind.
+   */
+  function updateElementValue(element, attr, value) {
+    // Support: IE9 only
+    // In IE9 values are converted to string (e.g. `input.value = null` results in `input.value === 'null'`).
+    var propValue = isDefined(value) ? value : (msie === 9) ? '' : null;
+    element.prop('value', propValue);
+    attr.$set('value', value);
+  }
+
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    priority: 100,
+    compile: function(tpl, tplAttr) {
+      if (CONSTANT_VALUE_REGEXP.test(tplAttr.ngValue)) {
+        return function ngValueConstantLink(scope, elm, attr) {
+          var value = scope.$eval(attr.ngValue);
+          updateElementValue(elm, attr, value);
+        };
+      } else {
+        return function ngValueLink(scope, elm, attr) {
+          scope.$watch(attr.ngValue, function valueWatchAction(value) {
+            updateElementValue(elm, attr, value);
+          });
+        };
+      }
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngBind
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngBind` attribute tells AngularJS to replace the text content of the specified HTML element
+ * with the value of a given expression, and to update the text content when the value of that
+ * expression changes.
+ *
+ * Typically, you don't use `ngBind` directly, but instead you use the double curly markup like
+ * `{{ expression }}` which is similar but less verbose.
+ *
+ * It is preferable to use `ngBind` instead of `{{ expression }}` if a template is momentarily
+ * displayed by the browser in its raw state before AngularJS compiles it. Since `ngBind` is an
+ * element attribute, it makes the bindings invisible to the user while the page is loading.
+ *
+ * An alternative solution to this problem would be using the
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngCloak ngCloak} directive.
+ *
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngBind {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Enter a name in the Live Preview text box; the greeting below the text box changes instantly.
+   <example module="bindExample" name="ng-bind">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('bindExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.name = 'Whirled';
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <label>Enter name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"></label><br>
+         Hello <span ng-bind="name"></span>!
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-bind', function() {
+         var nameInput = element(by.model('name'));
+
+         expect(element(by.binding('name')).getText()).toBe('Whirled');
+         nameInput.clear();
+         nameInput.sendKeys('world');
+         expect(element(by.binding('name')).getText()).toBe('world');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngBindDirective = ['$compile', function($compile) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'AC',
+    compile: function ngBindCompile(templateElement) {
+      $compile.$$addBindingClass(templateElement);
+      return function ngBindLink(scope, element, attr) {
+        $compile.$$addBindingInfo(element, attr.ngBind);
+        element = element[0];
+        scope.$watch(attr.ngBind, function ngBindWatchAction(value) {
+          element.textContent = stringify(value);
+        });
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngBindTemplate
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngBindTemplate` directive specifies that the element
+ * text content should be replaced with the interpolation of the template
+ * in the `ngBindTemplate` attribute.
+ * Unlike `ngBind`, the `ngBindTemplate` can contain multiple `{{` `}}`
+ * expressions. This directive is needed since some HTML elements
+ * (such as TITLE and OPTION) cannot contain SPAN elements.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {string} ngBindTemplate template of form
+ *   <tt>{{</tt> <tt>expression</tt> <tt>}}</tt> to eval.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Try it here: enter text in text box and watch the greeting change.
+   <example module="bindExample" name="ng-bind-template">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('bindExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.salutation = 'Hello';
+             $scope.name = 'World';
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+        <label>Salutation: <input type="text" ng-model="salutation"></label><br>
+        <label>Name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"></label><br>
+        <pre ng-bind-template="{{salutation}} {{name}}!"></pre>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-bind', function() {
+         var salutationElem = element(by.binding('salutation'));
+         var salutationInput = element(by.model('salutation'));
+         var nameInput = element(by.model('name'));
+
+         expect(salutationElem.getText()).toBe('Hello World!');
+
+         salutationInput.clear();
+         salutationInput.sendKeys('Greetings');
+         nameInput.clear();
+         nameInput.sendKeys('user');
+
+         expect(salutationElem.getText()).toBe('Greetings user!');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngBindTemplateDirective = ['$interpolate', '$compile', function($interpolate, $compile) {
+  return {
+    compile: function ngBindTemplateCompile(templateElement) {
+      $compile.$$addBindingClass(templateElement);
+      return function ngBindTemplateLink(scope, element, attr) {
+        var interpolateFn = $interpolate(element.attr(attr.$attr.ngBindTemplate));
+        $compile.$$addBindingInfo(element, interpolateFn.expressions);
+        element = element[0];
+        attr.$observe('ngBindTemplate', function(value) {
+          element.textContent = isUndefined(value) ? '' : value;
+        });
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngBindHtml
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Evaluates the expression and inserts the resulting HTML into the element in a secure way. By default,
+ * the resulting HTML content will be sanitized using the {@link ngSanitize.$sanitize $sanitize} service.
+ * To utilize this functionality, ensure that `$sanitize` is available, for example, by including {@link
+ * ngSanitize} in your module's dependencies (not in core AngularJS). In order to use {@link ngSanitize}
+ * in your module's dependencies, you need to include "angular-sanitize.js" in your application.
+ *
+ * You may also bypass sanitization for values you know are safe. To do so, bind to
+ * an explicitly trusted value via {@link ng.$sce#trustAsHtml $sce.trustAsHtml}.  See the example
+ * under {@link ng.$sce#show-me-an-example-using-sce- Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
+ *
+ * Note: If a `$sanitize` service is unavailable and the bound value isn't explicitly trusted, you
+ * will have an exception (instead of an exploit.)
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngBindHtml {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate.
+ *
+ * @example
+
+   <example module="bindHtmlExample" deps="angular-sanitize.js" name="ng-bind-html">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+        <p ng-bind-html="myHTML"></p>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('bindHtmlExample', ['ngSanitize'])
+         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+           $scope.myHTML =
+              'I am an <code>HTML</code>string with ' +
+              '<a href="#">links!</a> and other <em>stuff</em>';
+         }]);
+     </file>
+
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-bind-html', function() {
+         expect(element(by.binding('myHTML')).getText()).toBe(
+             'I am an HTMLstring with links! and other stuff');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngBindHtmlDirective = ['$sce', '$parse', '$compile', function($sce, $parse, $compile) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    compile: function ngBindHtmlCompile(tElement, tAttrs) {
+      var ngBindHtmlGetter = $parse(tAttrs.ngBindHtml);
+      var ngBindHtmlWatch = $parse(tAttrs.ngBindHtml, function sceValueOf(val) {
+        // Unwrap the value to compare the actual inner safe value, not the wrapper object.
+        return $sce.valueOf(val);
+      });
+      $compile.$$addBindingClass(tElement);
+
+      return function ngBindHtmlLink(scope, element, attr) {
+        $compile.$$addBindingInfo(element, attr.ngBindHtml);
+
+        scope.$watch(ngBindHtmlWatch, function ngBindHtmlWatchAction() {
+          // The watched value is the unwrapped value. To avoid re-escaping, use the direct getter.
+          var value = ngBindHtmlGetter(scope);
+          element.html($sce.getTrustedHtml(value) || '');
+        });
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngChange
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Evaluate the given expression when the user changes the input.
+ * The expression is evaluated immediately, unlike the JavaScript onchange event
+ * which only triggers at the end of a change (usually, when the user leaves the
+ * form element or presses the return key).
+ *
+ * The `ngChange` expression is only evaluated when a change in the input value causes
+ * a new value to be committed to the model.
+ *
+ * It will not be evaluated:
+ * * if the value returned from the `$parsers` transformation pipeline has not changed
+ * * if the input has continued to be invalid since the model will stay `null`
+ * * if the model is changed programmatically and not by a change to the input value
+ *
+ *
+ * Note, this directive requires `ngModel` to be present.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngChange {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon change
+ * in input value.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * <example name="ngChange-directive" module="changeExample">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <script>
+ *       angular.module('changeExample', [])
+ *         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *           $scope.counter = 0;
+ *           $scope.change = function() {
+ *             $scope.counter++;
+ *           };
+ *         }]);
+ *     </script>
+ *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="confirmed" ng-change="change()" id="ng-change-example1" />
+ *       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="confirmed" id="ng-change-example2" />
+ *       <label for="ng-change-example2">Confirmed</label><br />
+ *       <tt>debug = {{confirmed}}</tt><br/>
+ *       <tt>counter = {{counter}}</tt><br/>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *     var counter = element(by.binding('counter'));
+ *     var debug = element(by.binding('confirmed'));
+ *
+ *     it('should evaluate the expression if changing from view', function() {
+ *       expect(counter.getText()).toContain('0');
+ *
+ *       element(by.id('ng-change-example1')).click();
+ *
+ *       expect(counter.getText()).toContain('1');
+ *       expect(debug.getText()).toContain('true');
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     it('should not evaluate the expression if changing from model', function() {
+ *       element(by.id('ng-change-example2')).click();
+
+ *       expect(counter.getText()).toContain('0');
+ *       expect(debug.getText()).toContain('true');
+ *     });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ */
+var ngChangeDirective = valueFn({
+  restrict: 'A',
+  require: 'ngModel',
+  link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
+    ctrl.$viewChangeListeners.push(function() {
+      scope.$eval(attr.ngChange);
+    });
+  }
+});
+
+/* exported
+  ngClassDirective,
+  ngClassEvenDirective,
+  ngClassOddDirective
+*/
+
+function classDirective(name, selector) {
+  name = 'ngClass' + name;
+  var indexWatchExpression;
+
+  return ['$parse', function($parse) {
+    return {
+      restrict: 'AC',
+      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+        var classCounts = element.data('$classCounts');
+        var oldModulo = true;
+        var oldClassString;
+
+        if (!classCounts) {
+          // Use createMap() to prevent class assumptions involving property
+          // names in Object.prototype
+          classCounts = createMap();
+          element.data('$classCounts', classCounts);
+        }
+
+        if (name !== 'ngClass') {
+          if (!indexWatchExpression) {
+            indexWatchExpression = $parse('$index', function moduloTwo($index) {
+              // eslint-disable-next-line no-bitwise
+              return $index & 1;
+            });
+          }
+
+          scope.$watch(indexWatchExpression, ngClassIndexWatchAction);
+        }
+
+        scope.$watch($parse(attr[name], toClassString), ngClassWatchAction);
+
+        function addClasses(classString) {
+          classString = digestClassCounts(split(classString), 1);
+          attr.$addClass(classString);
+        }
+
+        function removeClasses(classString) {
+          classString = digestClassCounts(split(classString), -1);
+          attr.$removeClass(classString);
+        }
+
+        function updateClasses(oldClassString, newClassString) {
+          var oldClassArray = split(oldClassString);
+          var newClassArray = split(newClassString);
+
+          var toRemoveArray = arrayDifference(oldClassArray, newClassArray);
+          var toAddArray = arrayDifference(newClassArray, oldClassArray);
+
+          var toRemoveString = digestClassCounts(toRemoveArray, -1);
+          var toAddString = digestClassCounts(toAddArray, 1);
+
+          attr.$addClass(toAddString);
+          attr.$removeClass(toRemoveString);
+        }
+
+        function digestClassCounts(classArray, count) {
+          var classesToUpdate = [];
+
+          forEach(classArray, function(className) {
+            if (count > 0 || classCounts[className]) {
+              classCounts[className] = (classCounts[className] || 0) + count;
+              if (classCounts[className] === +(count > 0)) {
+                classesToUpdate.push(className);
+              }
+            }
+          });
+
+          return classesToUpdate.join(' ');
+        }
+
+        function ngClassIndexWatchAction(newModulo) {
+          // This watch-action should run before the `ngClassWatchAction()`, thus it
+          // adds/removes `oldClassString`. If the `ngClass` expression has changed as well, the
+          // `ngClassWatchAction()` will update the classes.
+          if (newModulo === selector) {
+            addClasses(oldClassString);
+          } else {
+            removeClasses(oldClassString);
+          }
+
+          oldModulo = newModulo;
+        }
+
+        function ngClassWatchAction(newClassString) {
+          if (oldModulo === selector) {
+            updateClasses(oldClassString, newClassString);
+          }
+
+          oldClassString = newClassString;
+        }
+      }
+    };
+  }];
+
+  // Helpers
+  function arrayDifference(tokens1, tokens2) {
+    if (!tokens1 || !tokens1.length) return [];
+    if (!tokens2 || !tokens2.length) return tokens1;
+
+    var values = [];
+
+    outer:
+    for (var i = 0; i < tokens1.length; i++) {
+      var token = tokens1[i];
+      for (var j = 0; j < tokens2.length; j++) {
+        if (token === tokens2[j]) continue outer;
+      }
+      values.push(token);
+    }
+
+    return values;
+  }
+
+  function split(classString) {
+    return classString && classString.split(' ');
+  }
+
+  function toClassString(classValue) {
+    if (!classValue) return classValue;
+
+    var classString = classValue;
+
+    if (isArray(classValue)) {
+      classString = classValue.map(toClassString).join(' ');
+    } else if (isObject(classValue)) {
+      classString = Object.keys(classValue).
+        filter(function(key) { return classValue[key]; }).
+        join(' ');
+    } else if (!isString(classValue)) {
+      classString = classValue + '';
+    }
+
+    return classString;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngClass
+ * @restrict AC
+ * @element ANY
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngClass` directive allows you to dynamically set CSS classes on an HTML element by databinding
+ * an expression that represents all classes to be added.
+ *
+ * The directive operates in three different ways, depending on which of three types the expression
+ * evaluates to:
+ *
+ * 1. If the expression evaluates to a string, the string should be one or more space-delimited class
+ * names.
+ *
+ * 2. If the expression evaluates to an object, then for each key-value pair of the
+ * object with a truthy value the corresponding key is used as a class name.
+ *
+ * 3. If the expression evaluates to an array, each element of the array should either be a string as in
+ * type 1 or an object as in type 2. This means that you can mix strings and objects together in an array
+ * to give you more control over what CSS classes appear. See the code below for an example of this.
+ *
+ *
+ * The directive won't add duplicate classes if a particular class was already set.
+ *
+ * When the expression changes, the previously added classes are removed and only then are the
+ * new classes added.
+ *
+ * @knownIssue
+ * You should not use {@link guide/interpolation interpolation} in the value of the `class`
+ * attribute, when using the `ngClass` directive on the same element.
+ * See {@link guide/interpolation#known-issues here} for more info.
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * | Animation                        | Occurs                              |
+ * |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
+ * | {@link ng.$animate#addClass addClass}       | just before the class is applied to the element   |
+ * | {@link ng.$animate#removeClass removeClass} | just before the class is removed from the element |
+ * | {@link ng.$animate#setClass setClass} | just before classes are added and classes are removed from the element at the same time |
+ *
+ * ### ngClass and pre-existing CSS3 Transitions/Animations
+   The ngClass directive still supports CSS3 Transitions/Animations even if they do not follow the ngAnimate CSS naming structure.
+   Upon animation ngAnimate will apply supplementary CSS classes to track the start and end of an animation, but this will not hinder
+   any pre-existing CSS transitions already on the element. To get an idea of what happens during a class-based animation, be sure
+   to view the step by step details of {@link $animate#addClass $animate.addClass} and
+   {@link $animate#removeClass $animate.removeClass}.
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngClass {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval. The result
+ *   of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class
+ *   names, an array, or a map of class names to boolean values. In the case of a map, the
+ *   names of the properties whose values are truthy will be added as css classes to the
+ *   element.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Basic
+   <example name="ng-class">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <p ng-class="{strike: deleted, bold: important, 'has-error': error}">Map Syntax Example</p>
+       <label>
+          <input type="checkbox" ng-model="deleted">
+          deleted (apply "strike" class)
+       </label><br>
+       <label>
+          <input type="checkbox" ng-model="important">
+          important (apply "bold" class)
+       </label><br>
+       <label>
+          <input type="checkbox" ng-model="error">
+          error (apply "has-error" class)
+       </label>
+       <hr>
+       <p ng-class="style">Using String Syntax</p>
+       <input type="text" ng-model="style"
+              placeholder="Type: bold strike red" aria-label="Type: bold strike red">
+       <hr>
+       <p ng-class="[style1, style2, style3]">Using Array Syntax</p>
+       <input ng-model="style1"
+              placeholder="Type: bold, strike or red" aria-label="Type: bold, strike or red"><br>
+       <input ng-model="style2"
+              placeholder="Type: bold, strike or red" aria-label="Type: bold, strike or red 2"><br>
+       <input ng-model="style3"
+              placeholder="Type: bold, strike or red" aria-label="Type: bold, strike or red 3"><br>
+       <hr>
+       <p ng-class="[style4, {orange: warning}]">Using Array and Map Syntax</p>
+       <input ng-model="style4" placeholder="Type: bold, strike" aria-label="Type: bold, strike"><br>
+       <label><input type="checkbox" ng-model="warning"> warning (apply "orange" class)</label>
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .strike {
+           text-decoration: line-through;
+       }
+       .bold {
+           font-weight: bold;
+       }
+       .red {
+           color: red;
+       }
+       .has-error {
+           color: red;
+           background-color: yellow;
+       }
+       .orange {
+           color: orange;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       var ps = element.all(by.css('p'));
+
+       it('should let you toggle the class', function() {
+
+         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).not.toMatch(/bold/);
+         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).not.toMatch(/has-error/);
+
+         element(by.model('important')).click();
+         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).toMatch(/bold/);
+
+         element(by.model('error')).click();
+         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).toMatch(/has-error/);
+       });
+
+       it('should let you toggle string example', function() {
+         expect(ps.get(1).getAttribute('class')).toBe('');
+         element(by.model('style')).clear();
+         element(by.model('style')).sendKeys('red');
+         expect(ps.get(1).getAttribute('class')).toBe('red');
+       });
+
+       it('array example should have 3 classes', function() {
+         expect(ps.get(2).getAttribute('class')).toBe('');
+         element(by.model('style1')).sendKeys('bold');
+         element(by.model('style2')).sendKeys('strike');
+         element(by.model('style3')).sendKeys('red');
+         expect(ps.get(2).getAttribute('class')).toBe('bold strike red');
+       });
+
+       it('array with map example should have 2 classes', function() {
+         expect(ps.last().getAttribute('class')).toBe('');
+         element(by.model('style4')).sendKeys('bold');
+         element(by.model('warning')).click();
+         expect(ps.last().getAttribute('class')).toBe('bold orange');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+
+   @example
+   ### Animations
+
+   The example below demonstrates how to perform animations using ngClass.
+
+   <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="ng-class">
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <input id="setbtn" type="button" value="set" ng-click="myVar='my-class'">
+      <input id="clearbtn" type="button" value="clear" ng-click="myVar=''">
+      <br>
+      <span class="base-class" ng-class="myVar">Sample Text</span>
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .base-class {
+         transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+       }
+
+       .base-class.my-class {
+         color: red;
+         font-size:3em;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-class', function() {
+         expect(element(by.css('.base-class')).getAttribute('class')).not.
+           toMatch(/my-class/);
+
+         element(by.id('setbtn')).click();
+
+         expect(element(by.css('.base-class')).getAttribute('class')).
+           toMatch(/my-class/);
+
+         element(by.id('clearbtn')).click();
+
+         expect(element(by.css('.base-class')).getAttribute('class')).not.
+           toMatch(/my-class/);
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngClassDirective = classDirective('', true);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngClassOdd
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngClassOdd` and `ngClassEven` directives work exactly as
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngClass ngClass}, except they work in
+ * conjunction with `ngRepeat` and take effect only on odd (even) rows.
+ *
+ * This directive can be applied only within the scope of an
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat}.
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * | Animation                        | Occurs                              |
+ * |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
+ * | {@link ng.$animate#addClass addClass}       | just before the class is applied to the element   |
+ * | {@link ng.$animate#removeClass removeClass} | just before the class is removed from the element |
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngClassOdd {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval. The result
+ *   of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class names or an array.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="ng-class-odd">
+     <file name="index.html">
+        <ol ng-init="names=['John', 'Mary', 'Cate', 'Suz']">
+          <li ng-repeat="name in names">
+           <span ng-class-odd="'odd'" ng-class-even="'even'">
+             {{name}}
+           </span>
+          </li>
+        </ol>
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .odd {
+         color: red;
+       }
+       .even {
+         color: blue;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-class-odd and ng-class-even', function() {
+         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(0).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
+           toMatch(/odd/);
+         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(1).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
+           toMatch(/even/);
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ *
+ * <hr />
+ * @example
+ * An example on how to implement animations using `ngClassOdd`:
+ *
+   <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="ng-class-odd-animate">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-init="items=['Item 3', 'Item 2', 'Item 1', 'Item 0']">
+         <button ng-click="items.unshift('Item ' + items.length)">Add item</button>
+         <hr />
+         <table>
+           <tr ng-repeat="item in items" ng-class-odd="'odd'">
+             <td>{{ item }}</td>
+           </tr>
+         </table>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .odd {
+         background: rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.25);
+       }
+
+       .odd-add, .odd-remove {
+         transition: 1.5s;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should add new entries to the beginning of the list', function() {
+         var button = element(by.buttonText('Add item'));
+         var rows = element.all(by.repeater('item in items'));
+
+         expect(rows.count()).toBe(4);
+         expect(rows.get(0).getText()).toBe('Item 3');
+         expect(rows.get(1).getText()).toBe('Item 2');
+
+         button.click();
+
+         expect(rows.count()).toBe(5);
+         expect(rows.get(0).getText()).toBe('Item 4');
+         expect(rows.get(1).getText()).toBe('Item 3');
+       });
+
+       it('should add odd class to odd entries', function() {
+         var button = element(by.buttonText('Add item'));
+         var rows = element.all(by.repeater('item in items'));
+
+         expect(rows.get(0).getAttribute('class')).toMatch(/odd/);
+         expect(rows.get(1).getAttribute('class')).not.toMatch(/odd/);
+
+         button.click();
+
+         expect(rows.get(0).getAttribute('class')).toMatch(/odd/);
+         expect(rows.get(1).getAttribute('class')).not.toMatch(/odd/);
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngClassOddDirective = classDirective('Odd', 0);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngClassEven
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngClassOdd` and `ngClassEven` directives work exactly as
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngClass ngClass}, except they work in
+ * conjunction with `ngRepeat` and take effect only on odd (even) rows.
+ *
+ * This directive can be applied only within the scope of an
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat}.
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * | Animation                        | Occurs                              |
+ * |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
+ * | {@link ng.$animate#addClass addClass}       | just before the class is applied to the element   |
+ * | {@link ng.$animate#removeClass removeClass} | just before the class is removed from the element |
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngClassEven {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval. The
+ *   result of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class names or an array.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="ng-class-even">
+     <file name="index.html">
+        <ol ng-init="names=['John', 'Mary', 'Cate', 'Suz']">
+          <li ng-repeat="name in names">
+           <span ng-class-odd="'odd'" ng-class-even="'even'">
+             {{name}} &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+           </span>
+          </li>
+        </ol>
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .odd {
+         color: red;
+       }
+       .even {
+         color: blue;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-class-odd and ng-class-even', function() {
+         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(0).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
+           toMatch(/odd/);
+         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(1).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
+           toMatch(/even/);
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ *
+ * <hr />
+ * @example
+ * An example on how to implement animations using `ngClassEven`:
+ *
+   <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="ng-class-even-animate">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-init="items=['Item 3', 'Item 2', 'Item 1', 'Item 0']">
+         <button ng-click="items.unshift('Item ' + items.length)">Add item</button>
+         <hr />
+         <table>
+           <tr ng-repeat="item in items" ng-class-even="'even'">
+             <td>{{ item }}</td>
+           </tr>
+         </table>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .even {
+         background: rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.25);
+       }
+
+       .even-add, .even-remove {
+         transition: 1.5s;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should add new entries to the beginning of the list', function() {
+         var button = element(by.buttonText('Add item'));
+         var rows = element.all(by.repeater('item in items'));
+
+         expect(rows.count()).toBe(4);
+         expect(rows.get(0).getText()).toBe('Item 3');
+         expect(rows.get(1).getText()).toBe('Item 2');
+
+         button.click();
+
+         expect(rows.count()).toBe(5);
+         expect(rows.get(0).getText()).toBe('Item 4');
+         expect(rows.get(1).getText()).toBe('Item 3');
+       });
+
+       it('should add even class to even entries', function() {
+         var button = element(by.buttonText('Add item'));
+         var rows = element.all(by.repeater('item in items'));
+
+         expect(rows.get(0).getAttribute('class')).not.toMatch(/even/);
+         expect(rows.get(1).getAttribute('class')).toMatch(/even/);
+
+         button.click();
+
+         expect(rows.get(0).getAttribute('class')).not.toMatch(/even/);
+         expect(rows.get(1).getAttribute('class')).toMatch(/even/);
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngClassEvenDirective = classDirective('Even', 1);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngCloak
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngCloak` directive is used to prevent the AngularJS html template from being briefly
+ * displayed by the browser in its raw (uncompiled) form while your application is loading. Use this
+ * directive to avoid the undesirable flicker effect caused by the html template display.
+ *
+ * The directive can be applied to the `<body>` element, but the preferred usage is to apply
+ * multiple `ngCloak` directives to small portions of the page to permit progressive rendering
+ * of the browser view.
+ *
+ * `ngCloak` works in cooperation with the following css rule embedded within `angular.js` and
+ * `angular.min.js`.
+ * For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your html file (see {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
+ *
+ * ```css
+ * [ng\:cloak], [ng-cloak], [data-ng-cloak], [x-ng-cloak], .ng-cloak, .x-ng-cloak {
+ *   display: none !important;
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * When this css rule is loaded by the browser, all html elements (including their children) that
+ * are tagged with the `ngCloak` directive are hidden. When AngularJS encounters this directive
+ * during the compilation of the template it deletes the `ngCloak` element attribute, making
+ * the compiled element visible.
+ *
+ * For the best result, the `angular.js` script must be loaded in the head section of the html
+ * document; alternatively, the css rule above must be included in the external stylesheet of the
+ * application.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="ng-cloak">
+     <file name="index.html">
+        <div id="template1" ng-cloak>{{ 'hello' }}</div>
+        <div id="template2" class="ng-cloak">{{ 'world' }}</div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should remove the template directive and css class', function() {
+         expect($('#template1').getAttribute('ng-cloak')).
+           toBeNull();
+         expect($('#template2').getAttribute('ng-cloak')).
+           toBeNull();
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ *
+ */
+var ngCloakDirective = ngDirective({
+  compile: function(element, attr) {
+    attr.$set('ngCloak', undefined);
+    element.removeClass('ng-cloak');
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngController
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngController` directive attaches a controller class to the view. This is a key aspect of how angular
+ * supports the principles behind the Model-View-Controller design pattern.
+ *
+ * MVC components in angular:
+ *
+ * * Model — Models are the properties of a scope; scopes are attached to the DOM where scope properties
+ *   are accessed through bindings.
+ * * View — The template (HTML with data bindings) that is rendered into the View.
+ * * Controller — The `ngController` directive specifies a Controller class; the class contains business
+ *   logic behind the application to decorate the scope with functions and values
+ *
+ * Note that you can also attach controllers to the DOM by declaring it in a route definition
+ * via the {@link ngRoute.$route $route} service. A common mistake is to declare the controller
+ * again using `ng-controller` in the template itself.  This will cause the controller to be attached
+ * and executed twice.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @scope
+ * @priority 500
+ * @param {expression} ngController Name of a constructor function registered with the current
+ * {@link ng.$controllerProvider $controllerProvider} or an {@link guide/expression expression}
+ * that on the current scope evaluates to a constructor function.
+ *
+ * The controller instance can be published into a scope property by specifying
+ * `ng-controller="as propertyName"`.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here is a simple form for editing user contact information. Adding, removing, clearing, and
+ * greeting are methods declared on the controller (see source tab). These methods can
+ * easily be called from the AngularJS markup. Any changes to the data are automatically reflected
+ * in the View without the need for a manual update.
+ *
+ * Two different declaration styles are included below:
+ *
+ * * one binds methods and properties directly onto the controller using `this`:
+ * `ng-controller="SettingsController1 as settings"`
+ * * one injects `$scope` into the controller:
+ * `ng-controller="SettingsController2"`
+ *
+ * The second option is more common in the AngularJS community, and is generally used in boilerplates
+ * and in this guide. However, there are advantages to binding properties directly to the controller
+ * and avoiding scope.
+ *
+ * * Using `controller as` makes it obvious which controller you are accessing in the template when
+ * multiple controllers apply to an element.
+ * * If you are writing your controllers as classes you have easier access to the properties and
+ * methods, which will appear on the scope, from inside the controller code.
+ * * Since there is always a `.` in the bindings, you don't have to worry about prototypal
+ * inheritance masking primitives.
+ *
+ * This example demonstrates the `controller as` syntax.
+ *
+ * <example name="ngControllerAs" module="controllerAsExample">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *    <div id="ctrl-as-exmpl" ng-controller="SettingsController1 as settings">
+ *      <label>Name: <input type="text" ng-model="settings.name"/></label>
+ *      <button ng-click="settings.greet()">greet</button><br/>
+ *      Contact:
+ *      <ul>
+ *        <li ng-repeat="contact in settings.contacts">
+ *          <select ng-model="contact.type" aria-label="Contact method" id="select_{{$index}}">
+ *             <option>phone</option>
+ *             <option>email</option>
+ *          </select>
+ *          <input type="text" ng-model="contact.value" aria-labelledby="select_{{$index}}" />
+ *          <button ng-click="settings.clearContact(contact)">clear</button>
+ *          <button ng-click="settings.removeContact(contact)" aria-label="Remove">X</button>
+ *        </li>
+ *        <li><button ng-click="settings.addContact()">add</button></li>
+ *     </ul>
+ *    </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="app.js">
+ *    angular.module('controllerAsExample', [])
+ *      .controller('SettingsController1', SettingsController1);
+ *
+ *    function SettingsController1() {
+ *      this.name = 'John Smith';
+ *      this.contacts = [
+ *        {type: 'phone', value: '408 555 1212'},
+ *        {type: 'email', value: 'john.smith@example.org'}
+ *      ];
+ *    }
+ *
+ *    SettingsController1.prototype.greet = function() {
+ *      alert(this.name);
+ *    };
+ *
+ *    SettingsController1.prototype.addContact = function() {
+ *      this.contacts.push({type: 'email', value: 'yourname@example.org'});
+ *    };
+ *
+ *    SettingsController1.prototype.removeContact = function(contactToRemove) {
+ *     var index = this.contacts.indexOf(contactToRemove);
+ *      this.contacts.splice(index, 1);
+ *    };
+ *
+ *    SettingsController1.prototype.clearContact = function(contact) {
+ *      contact.type = 'phone';
+ *      contact.value = '';
+ *    };
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *     it('should check controller as', function() {
+ *       var container = element(by.id('ctrl-as-exmpl'));
+ *         expect(container.element(by.model('settings.name'))
+ *           .getAttribute('value')).toBe('John Smith');
+ *
+ *       var firstRepeat =
+ *           container.element(by.repeater('contact in settings.contacts').row(0));
+ *       var secondRepeat =
+ *           container.element(by.repeater('contact in settings.contacts').row(1));
+ *
+ *       expect(firstRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
+ *           .toBe('408 555 1212');
+ *
+ *       expect(secondRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
+ *           .toBe('john.smith@example.org');
+ *
+ *       firstRepeat.element(by.buttonText('clear')).click();
+ *
+ *       expect(firstRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
+ *           .toBe('');
+ *
+ *       container.element(by.buttonText('add')).click();
+ *
+ *       expect(container.element(by.repeater('contact in settings.contacts').row(2))
+ *           .element(by.model('contact.value'))
+ *           .getAttribute('value'))
+ *           .toBe('yourname@example.org');
+ *     });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ * This example demonstrates the "attach to `$scope`" style of controller.
+ *
+ * <example name="ngController" module="controllerExample">
+ *  <file name="index.html">
+ *   <div id="ctrl-exmpl" ng-controller="SettingsController2">
+ *     <label>Name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"/></label>
+ *     <button ng-click="greet()">greet</button><br/>
+ *     Contact:
+ *     <ul>
+ *       <li ng-repeat="contact in contacts">
+ *         <select ng-model="contact.type" id="select_{{$index}}">
+ *            <option>phone</option>
+ *            <option>email</option>
+ *         </select>
+ *         <input type="text" ng-model="contact.value" aria-labelledby="select_{{$index}}" />
+ *         <button ng-click="clearContact(contact)">clear</button>
+ *         <button ng-click="removeContact(contact)">X</button>
+ *       </li>
+ *       <li>[ <button ng-click="addContact()">add</button> ]</li>
+ *    </ul>
+ *   </div>
+ *  </file>
+ *  <file name="app.js">
+ *   angular.module('controllerExample', [])
+ *     .controller('SettingsController2', ['$scope', SettingsController2]);
+ *
+ *   function SettingsController2($scope) {
+ *     $scope.name = 'John Smith';
+ *     $scope.contacts = [
+ *       {type:'phone', value:'408 555 1212'},
+ *       {type:'email', value:'john.smith@example.org'}
+ *     ];
+ *
+ *     $scope.greet = function() {
+ *       alert($scope.name);
+ *     };
+ *
+ *     $scope.addContact = function() {
+ *       $scope.contacts.push({type:'email', value:'yourname@example.org'});
+ *     };
+ *
+ *     $scope.removeContact = function(contactToRemove) {
+ *       var index = $scope.contacts.indexOf(contactToRemove);
+ *       $scope.contacts.splice(index, 1);
+ *     };
+ *
+ *     $scope.clearContact = function(contact) {
+ *       contact.type = 'phone';
+ *       contact.value = '';
+ *     };
+ *   }
+ *  </file>
+ *  <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *    it('should check controller', function() {
+ *      var container = element(by.id('ctrl-exmpl'));
+ *
+ *      expect(container.element(by.model('name'))
+ *          .getAttribute('value')).toBe('John Smith');
+ *
+ *      var firstRepeat =
+ *          container.element(by.repeater('contact in contacts').row(0));
+ *      var secondRepeat =
+ *          container.element(by.repeater('contact in contacts').row(1));
+ *
+ *      expect(firstRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
+ *          .toBe('408 555 1212');
+ *      expect(secondRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
+ *          .toBe('john.smith@example.org');
+ *
+ *      firstRepeat.element(by.buttonText('clear')).click();
+ *
+ *      expect(firstRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
+ *          .toBe('');
+ *
+ *      container.element(by.buttonText('add')).click();
+ *
+ *      expect(container.element(by.repeater('contact in contacts').row(2))
+ *          .element(by.model('contact.value'))
+ *          .getAttribute('value'))
+ *          .toBe('yourname@example.org');
+ *    });
+ *  </file>
+ *</example>
+
+ */
+var ngControllerDirective = [function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    scope: true,
+    controller: '@',
+    priority: 500
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngCsp
+ *
+ * @restrict A
+ * @element ANY
+ * @description
+ *
+ * AngularJS has some features that can conflict with certain restrictions that are applied when using
+ * [CSP (Content Security Policy)](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Security/CSP) rules.
+ *
+ * If you intend to implement CSP with these rules then you must tell AngularJS not to use these
+ * features.
+ *
+ * This is necessary when developing things like Google Chrome Extensions or Universal Windows Apps.
+ *
+ *
+ * The following default rules in CSP affect AngularJS:
+ *
+ * * The use of `eval()`, `Function(string)` and similar functions to dynamically create and execute
+ * code from strings is forbidden. AngularJS makes use of this in the {@link $parse} service to
+ * provide a 30% increase in the speed of evaluating AngularJS expressions. (This CSP rule can be
+ * disabled with the CSP keyword `unsafe-eval`, but it is generally not recommended as it would
+ * weaken the protections offered by CSP.)
+ *
+ * * The use of inline resources, such as inline `<script>` and `<style>` elements, are forbidden.
+ * This prevents apps from injecting custom styles directly into the document. AngularJS makes use of
+ * this to include some CSS rules (e.g. {@link ngCloak} and {@link ngHide}). To make these
+ * directives work when a CSP rule is blocking inline styles, you must link to the `angular-csp.css`
+ * in your HTML manually. (This CSP rule can be disabled with the CSP keyword `unsafe-inline`, but
+ * it is generally not recommended as it would weaken the protections offered by CSP.)
+ *
+ * If you do not provide `ngCsp` then AngularJS tries to autodetect if CSP is blocking dynamic code
+ * creation from strings (e.g., `unsafe-eval` not specified in CSP header) and automatically
+ * deactivates this feature in the {@link $parse} service. This autodetection, however, triggers a
+ * CSP error to be logged in the console:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * Refused to evaluate a string as JavaScript because 'unsafe-eval' is not an allowed source of
+ * script in the following Content Security Policy directive: "default-src 'self'". Note that
+ * 'script-src' was not explicitly set, so 'default-src' is used as a fallback.
+ * ```
+ *
+ * This error is harmless but annoying. To prevent the error from showing up, put the `ngCsp`
+ * directive on an element of the HTML document that appears before the `<script>` tag that loads
+ * the `angular.js` file.
+ *
+ * *Note: This directive is only available in the `ng-csp` and `data-ng-csp` attribute form.*
+ *
+ * You can specify which of the CSP related AngularJS features should be deactivated by providing
+ * a value for the `ng-csp` attribute. The options are as follows:
+ *
+ * * no-inline-style: this stops AngularJS from injecting CSS styles into the DOM
+ *
+ * * no-unsafe-eval: this stops AngularJS from optimizing $parse with unsafe eval of strings
+ *
+ * You can use these values in the following combinations:
+ *
+ *
+ * * No declaration means that AngularJS will assume that you can do inline styles, but it will do
+ * a runtime check for unsafe-eval. E.g. `<body>`. This is backwardly compatible with previous
+ * versions of AngularJS.
+ *
+ * * A simple `ng-csp` (or `data-ng-csp`) attribute will tell AngularJS to deactivate both inline
+ * styles and unsafe eval. E.g. `<body ng-csp>`. This is backwardly compatible with previous
+ * versions of AngularJS.
+ *
+ * * Specifying only `no-unsafe-eval` tells AngularJS that we must not use eval, but that we can
+ * inject inline styles. E.g. `<body ng-csp="no-unsafe-eval">`.
+ *
+ * * Specifying only `no-inline-style` tells AngularJS that we must not inject styles, but that we can
+ * run eval - no automatic check for unsafe eval will occur. E.g. `<body ng-csp="no-inline-style">`
+ *
+ * * Specifying both `no-unsafe-eval` and `no-inline-style` tells AngularJS that we must not inject
+ * styles nor use eval, which is the same as an empty: ng-csp.
+ * E.g.`<body ng-csp="no-inline-style;no-unsafe-eval">`
+ *
+ * @example
+ *
+ * This example shows how to apply the `ngCsp` directive to the `html` tag.
+   ```html
+     <!doctype html>
+     <html ng-app ng-csp>
+     ...
+     ...
+     </html>
+   ```
+
+  <!-- Note: the `.csp` suffix in the example name triggers CSP mode in our http server! -->
+  <example name="example.csp" module="cspExample" ng-csp="true">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-controller="MainController as ctrl">
+        <div>
+          <button ng-click="ctrl.inc()" id="inc">Increment</button>
+          <span id="counter">
+            {{ctrl.counter}}
+          </span>
+        </div>
+
+        <div>
+          <button ng-click="ctrl.evil()" id="evil">Evil</button>
+          <span id="evilError">
+            {{ctrl.evilError}}
+          </span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('cspExample', [])
+         .controller('MainController', function MainController() {
+            this.counter = 0;
+            this.inc = function() {
+              this.counter++;
+            };
+            this.evil = function() {
+              try {
+                eval('1+2'); // eslint-disable-line no-eval
+              } catch (e) {
+                this.evilError = e.message;
+              }
+            };
+          });
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var util, webdriver;
+
+      var incBtn = element(by.id('inc'));
+      var counter = element(by.id('counter'));
+      var evilBtn = element(by.id('evil'));
+      var evilError = element(by.id('evilError'));
+
+      function getAndClearSevereErrors() {
+        return browser.manage().logs().get('browser').then(function(browserLog) {
+          return browserLog.filter(function(logEntry) {
+            return logEntry.level.value > webdriver.logging.Level.WARNING.value;
+          });
+        });
+      }
+
+      function clearErrors() {
+        getAndClearSevereErrors();
+      }
+
+      function expectNoErrors() {
+        getAndClearSevereErrors().then(function(filteredLog) {
+          expect(filteredLog.length).toEqual(0);
+          if (filteredLog.length) {
+            console.log('browser console errors: ' + util.inspect(filteredLog));
+          }
+        });
+      }
+
+      function expectError(regex) {
+        getAndClearSevereErrors().then(function(filteredLog) {
+          var found = false;
+          filteredLog.forEach(function(log) {
+            if (log.message.match(regex)) {
+              found = true;
+            }
+          });
+          if (!found) {
+            throw new Error('expected an error that matches ' + regex);
+          }
+        });
+      }
+
+      beforeEach(function() {
+        util = require('util');
+        webdriver = require('selenium-webdriver');
+      });
+
+      // For now, we only test on Chrome,
+      // as Safari does not load the page with Protractor's injected scripts,
+      // and Firefox webdriver always disables content security policy (#6358)
+      if (browser.params.browser !== 'chrome') {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      it('should not report errors when the page is loaded', function() {
+        // clear errors so we are not dependent on previous tests
+        clearErrors();
+        // Need to reload the page as the page is already loaded when
+        // we come here
+        browser.driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url) {
+          browser.get(url);
+        });
+        expectNoErrors();
+      });
+
+      it('should evaluate expressions', function() {
+        expect(counter.getText()).toEqual('0');
+        incBtn.click();
+        expect(counter.getText()).toEqual('1');
+        expectNoErrors();
+      });
+
+      it('should throw and report an error when using "eval"', function() {
+        evilBtn.click();
+        expect(evilError.getText()).toMatch(/Content Security Policy/);
+        expectError(/Content Security Policy/);
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+  */
+
+// `ngCsp` is not implemented as a proper directive any more, because we need it be processed while
+// we bootstrap the app (before `$parse` is instantiated). For this reason, we just have the `csp()`
+// fn that looks for the `ng-csp` attribute anywhere in the current doc.
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngClick
+ * @restrict A
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The ngClick directive allows you to specify custom behavior when
+ * an element is clicked.
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngClick {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * click. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="ng-click">
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <button ng-click="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+        Increment
+      </button>
+      <span>
+        count: {{count}}
+      </span>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-click', function() {
+         expect(element(by.binding('count')).getText()).toMatch('0');
+         element(by.css('button')).click();
+         expect(element(by.binding('count')).getText()).toMatch('1');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+/*
+ * A collection of directives that allows creation of custom event handlers that are defined as
+ * AngularJS expressions and are compiled and executed within the current scope.
+ */
+var ngEventDirectives = {};
+
+// For events that might fire synchronously during DOM manipulation
+// we need to execute their event handlers asynchronously using $evalAsync,
+// so that they are not executed in an inconsistent state.
+var forceAsyncEvents = {
+  'blur': true,
+  'focus': true
+};
+forEach(
+  'click dblclick mousedown mouseup mouseover mouseout mousemove mouseenter mouseleave keydown keyup keypress submit focus blur copy cut paste'.split(' '),
+  function(eventName) {
+    var directiveName = directiveNormalize('ng-' + eventName);
+    ngEventDirectives[directiveName] = ['$parse', '$rootScope', '$exceptionHandler', function($parse, $rootScope, $exceptionHandler) {
+      return createEventDirective($parse, $rootScope, $exceptionHandler, directiveName, eventName, forceAsyncEvents[eventName]);
+    }];
+  }
+);
+
+function createEventDirective($parse, $rootScope, $exceptionHandler, directiveName, eventName, forceAsync) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    compile: function($element, attr) {
+      // NOTE:
+      // We expose the powerful `$event` object on the scope that provides access to the Window,
+      // etc. This is OK, because expressions are not sandboxed any more (and the expression
+      // sandbox was never meant to be a security feature anyway).
+      var fn = $parse(attr[directiveName]);
+      return function ngEventHandler(scope, element) {
+        element.on(eventName, function(event) {
+          var callback = function() {
+            fn(scope, {$event: event});
+          };
+
+          if (!$rootScope.$$phase) {
+            scope.$apply(callback);
+          } else if (forceAsync) {
+            scope.$evalAsync(callback);
+          } else {
+            try {
+              callback();
+            } catch (error) {
+              $exceptionHandler(error);
+            }
+          }
+        });
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngDblclick
+ * @restrict A
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngDblclick` directive allows you to specify custom behavior on a dblclick event.
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngDblclick {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * a dblclick. (The Event object is available as `$event`)
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="ng-dblclick">
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <button ng-dblclick="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+        Increment (on double click)
+      </button>
+      count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngMousedown
+ * @restrict A
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The ngMousedown directive allows you to specify custom behavior on mousedown event.
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngMousedown {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * mousedown. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="ng-mousedown">
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <button ng-mousedown="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+        Increment (on mouse down)
+      </button>
+      count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngMouseup
+ * @restrict A
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on mouseup event.
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngMouseup {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * mouseup. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="ng-mouseup">
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <button ng-mouseup="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+        Increment (on mouse up)
+      </button>
+      count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngMouseover
+ * @restrict A
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on mouseover event.
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngMouseover {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * mouseover. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="ng-mouseover">
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <button ng-mouseover="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+        Increment (when mouse is over)
+      </button>
+      count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngMouseenter
+ * @restrict A
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on mouseenter event.
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngMouseenter {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * mouseenter. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="ng-mouseenter">
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <button ng-mouseenter="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+        Increment (when mouse enters)
+      </button>
+      count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngMouseleave
+ * @restrict A
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on mouseleave event.
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngMouseleave {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * mouseleave. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="ng-mouseleave">
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <button ng-mouseleave="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+        Increment (when mouse leaves)
+      </button>
+      count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngMousemove
+ * @restrict A
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on mousemove event.
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngMousemove {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * mousemove. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="ng-mousemove">
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <button ng-mousemove="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+        Increment (when mouse moves)
+      </button>
+      count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngKeydown
+ * @restrict A
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on keydown event.
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngKeydown {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * keydown. (Event object is available as `$event` and can be interrogated for keyCode, altKey, etc.)
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="ng-keydown">
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <input ng-keydown="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+      key down count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngKeyup
+ * @restrict A
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on keyup event.
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngKeyup {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * keyup. (Event object is available as `$event` and can be interrogated for keyCode, altKey, etc.)
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="ng-keyup">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <p>Typing in the input box below updates the key count</p>
+       <input ng-keyup="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0"> key up count: {{count}}
+
+       <p>Typing in the input box below updates the keycode</p>
+       <input ng-keyup="event=$event">
+       <p>event keyCode: {{ event.keyCode }}</p>
+       <p>event altKey: {{ event.altKey }}</p>
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngKeypress
+ * @restrict A
+ * @element ANY
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on keypress event.
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngKeypress {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * keypress. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`}
+ * and can be interrogated for keyCode, altKey, etc.)
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="ng-keypress">
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <input ng-keypress="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+      key press count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngSubmit
+ * @restrict A
+ * @element form
+ * @priority 0
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Enables binding AngularJS expressions to onsubmit events.
+ *
+ * Additionally it prevents the default action (which for form means sending the request to the
+ * server and reloading the current page), but only if the form does not contain `action`,
+ * `data-action`, or `x-action` attributes.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Warning:** Be careful not to cause "double-submission" by using both the `ngClick` and
+ * `ngSubmit` handlers together. See the
+ * {@link form#submitting-a-form-and-preventing-the-default-action `form` directive documentation}
+ * for a detailed discussion of when `ngSubmit` may be triggered.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngSubmit {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval.
+ * ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="submitExample" name="ng-submit">
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <script>
+        angular.module('submitExample', [])
+          .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+            $scope.list = [];
+            $scope.text = 'hello';
+            $scope.submit = function() {
+              if ($scope.text) {
+                $scope.list.push(this.text);
+                $scope.text = '';
+              }
+            };
+          }]);
+      </script>
+      <form ng-submit="submit()" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+        Enter text and hit enter:
+        <input type="text" ng-model="text" name="text" />
+        <input type="submit" id="submit" value="Submit" />
+        <pre>list={{list}}</pre>
+      </form>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-submit', function() {
+         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toBe('list=[]');
+         element(by.css('#submit')).click();
+         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toContain('hello');
+         expect(element(by.model('text')).getAttribute('value')).toBe('');
+       });
+       it('should ignore empty strings', function() {
+         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toBe('list=[]');
+         element(by.css('#submit')).click();
+         element(by.css('#submit')).click();
+         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toContain('hello');
+        });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngFocus
+ * @restrict A
+ * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
+ * @priority 0
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on focus event.
+ *
+ * Note: As the `focus` event is executed synchronously when calling `input.focus()`
+ * AngularJS executes the expression using `scope.$evalAsync` if the event is fired
+ * during an `$apply` to ensure a consistent state.
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngFocus {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * focus. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+ * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngBlur
+ * @restrict A
+ * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
+ * @priority 0
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on blur event.
+ *
+ * A [blur event](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Events/blur) fires when
+ * an element has lost focus.
+ *
+ * Note: As the `blur` event is executed synchronously also during DOM manipulations
+ * (e.g. removing a focussed input),
+ * AngularJS executes the expression using `scope.$evalAsync` if the event is fired
+ * during an `$apply` to ensure a consistent state.
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngBlur {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * blur. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+ * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngCopy
+ * @restrict A
+ * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
+ * @priority 0
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on copy event.
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngCopy {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * copy. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="ng-copy">
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <input ng-copy="copied=true" ng-init="copied=false; value='copy me'" ng-model="value">
+      copied: {{copied}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngCut
+ * @restrict A
+ * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
+ * @priority 0
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on cut event.
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngCut {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * cut. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="ng-cut">
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <input ng-cut="cut=true" ng-init="cut=false; value='cut me'" ng-model="value">
+      cut: {{cut}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngPaste
+ * @restrict A
+ * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
+ * @priority 0
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on paste event.
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngPaste {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * paste. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="ng-paste">
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <input ng-paste="paste=true" ng-init="paste=false" placeholder='paste here'>
+      pasted: {{paste}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngIf
+ * @restrict A
+ * @multiElement
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngIf` directive removes or recreates a portion of the DOM tree based on an
+ * {expression}. If the expression assigned to `ngIf` evaluates to a false
+ * value then the element is removed from the DOM, otherwise a clone of the
+ * element is reinserted into the DOM.
+ *
+ * `ngIf` differs from `ngShow` and `ngHide` in that `ngIf` completely removes and recreates the
+ * element in the DOM rather than changing its visibility via the `display` css property.  A common
+ * case when this difference is significant is when using css selectors that rely on an element's
+ * position within the DOM, such as the `:first-child` or `:last-child` pseudo-classes.
+ *
+ * Note that when an element is removed using `ngIf` its scope is destroyed and a new scope
+ * is created when the element is restored.  The scope created within `ngIf` inherits from
+ * its parent scope using
+ * [prototypal inheritance](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/wiki/Understanding-Scopes#javascript-prototypal-inheritance).
+ * An important implication of this is if `ngModel` is used within `ngIf` to bind to
+ * a javascript primitive defined in the parent scope. In this case any modifications made to the
+ * variable within the child scope will override (hide) the value in the parent scope.
+ *
+ * Also, `ngIf` recreates elements using their compiled state. An example of this behavior
+ * is if an element's class attribute is directly modified after it's compiled, using something like
+ * jQuery's `.addClass()` method, and the element is later removed. When `ngIf` recreates the element
+ * the added class will be lost because the original compiled state is used to regenerate the element.
+ *
+ * Additionally, you can provide animations via the `ngAnimate` module to animate the `enter`
+ * and `leave` effects.
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * | Animation                        | Occurs                               |
+ * |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
+ * | {@link ng.$animate#enter enter}  | just after the `ngIf` contents change and a new DOM element is created and injected into the `ngIf` container |
+ * | {@link ng.$animate#leave leave}  | just before the `ngIf` contents are removed from the DOM |
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @scope
+ * @priority 600
+ * @param {expression} ngIf If the {@link guide/expression expression} is falsy then
+ *     the element is removed from the DOM tree. If it is truthy a copy of the compiled
+ *     element is added to the DOM tree.
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="ng-if">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <label>Click me: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" ng-init="checked=true" /></label><br/>
+      Show when checked:
+      <span ng-if="checked" class="animate-if">
+        This is removed when the checkbox is unchecked.
+      </span>
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .animate-if {
+        background:white;
+        border:1px solid black;
+        padding:10px;
+      }
+
+      .animate-if.ng-enter, .animate-if.ng-leave {
+        transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+      }
+
+      .animate-if.ng-enter,
+      .animate-if.ng-leave.ng-leave-active {
+        opacity:0;
+      }
+
+      .animate-if.ng-leave,
+      .animate-if.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
+        opacity:1;
+      }
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+var ngIfDirective = ['$animate', '$compile', function($animate, $compile) {
+  return {
+    multiElement: true,
+    transclude: 'element',
+    priority: 600,
+    terminal: true,
+    restrict: 'A',
+    $$tlb: true,
+    link: function($scope, $element, $attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
+        var block, childScope, previousElements;
+        $scope.$watch($attr.ngIf, function ngIfWatchAction(value) {
+
+          if (value) {
+            if (!childScope) {
+              $transclude(function(clone, newScope) {
+                childScope = newScope;
+                clone[clone.length++] = $compile.$$createComment('end ngIf', $attr.ngIf);
+                // Note: We only need the first/last node of the cloned nodes.
+                // However, we need to keep the reference to the jqlite wrapper as it might be changed later
+                // by a directive with templateUrl when its template arrives.
+                block = {
+                  clone: clone
+                };
+                $animate.enter(clone, $element.parent(), $element);
+              });
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (previousElements) {
+              previousElements.remove();
+              previousElements = null;
+            }
+            if (childScope) {
+              childScope.$destroy();
+              childScope = null;
+            }
+            if (block) {
+              previousElements = getBlockNodes(block.clone);
+              $animate.leave(previousElements).done(function(response) {
+                if (response !== false) previousElements = null;
+              });
+              block = null;
+            }
+          }
+        });
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngInclude
+ * @restrict ECA
+ * @scope
+ * @priority -400
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Fetches, compiles and includes an external HTML fragment.
+ *
+ * By default, the template URL is restricted to the same domain and protocol as the
+ * application document. This is done by calling {@link $sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
+ * $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl} on it. To load templates from other domains or protocols
+ * you may either add them to your {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList trusted
+ * resource URL list} or {@link $sce#trustAsResourceUrl wrap them} as trusted values. Refer to
+ * AngularJS's {@link ng.$sce Strict Contextual Escaping}.
+ *
+ * In addition, the browser's
+ * [Same Origin Policy](https://code.google.com/p/browsersec/wiki/Part2#Same-origin_policy_for_XMLHttpRequest)
+ * and [Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)](http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/)
+ * policy may further restrict whether the template is successfully loaded.
+ * For example, `ngInclude` won't work for cross-domain requests on all browsers and for `file://`
+ * access on some browsers.
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * | Animation                        | Occurs                              |
+ * |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
+ * | {@link ng.$animate#enter enter}  | when the expression changes, on the new include |
+ * | {@link ng.$animate#leave leave}  | when the expression changes, on the old include |
+ *
+ * The enter and leave animation occur concurrently.
+ *
+ * @param {string} ngInclude|src AngularJS expression evaluating to URL. If the source is a string constant,
+ *                 make sure you wrap it in **single** quotes, e.g. `src="'myPartialTemplate.html'"`.
+ * @param {string=} onload Expression to evaluate when a new partial is loaded.
+ *                  <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ *                  **Note:** When using onload on SVG elements in IE11, the browser will try to call
+ *                  a function with the name on the window element, which will usually throw a
+ *                  "function is undefined" error. To fix this, you can instead use `data-onload` or a
+ *                  different form that {@link guide/directive#normalization matches} `onload`.
+ *                  </div>
+   *
+ * @param {string=} autoscroll Whether `ngInclude` should call {@link ng.$anchorScroll
+ *                  $anchorScroll} to scroll the viewport after the content is loaded.
+ *
+ *                  - If the attribute is not set, disable scrolling.
+ *                  - If the attribute is set without value, enable scrolling.
+ *                  - Otherwise enable scrolling only if the expression evaluates to truthy value.
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example module="includeExample" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="ng-include">
+    <file name="index.html">
+     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+       <select ng-model="template" ng-options="t.name for t in templates">
+        <option value="">(blank)</option>
+       </select>
+       url of the template: <code>{{template.url}}</code>
+       <hr/>
+       <div class="slide-animate-container">
+         <div class="slide-animate" ng-include="template.url"></div>
+       </div>
+     </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="script.js">
+      angular.module('includeExample', ['ngAnimate'])
+        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.templates =
+            [{ name: 'template1.html', url: 'template1.html'},
+             { name: 'template2.html', url: 'template2.html'}];
+          $scope.template = $scope.templates[0];
+        }]);
+     </file>
+    <file name="template1.html">
+      Content of template1.html
+    </file>
+    <file name="template2.html">
+      Content of template2.html
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .slide-animate-container {
+        position:relative;
+        background:white;
+        border:1px solid black;
+        height:40px;
+        overflow:hidden;
+      }
+
+      .slide-animate {
+        padding:10px;
+      }
+
+      .slide-animate.ng-enter, .slide-animate.ng-leave {
+        transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+
+        position:absolute;
+        top:0;
+        left:0;
+        right:0;
+        bottom:0;
+        display:block;
+        padding:10px;
+      }
+
+      .slide-animate.ng-enter {
+        top:-50px;
+      }
+      .slide-animate.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
+        top:0;
+      }
+
+      .slide-animate.ng-leave {
+        top:0;
+      }
+      .slide-animate.ng-leave.ng-leave-active {
+        top:50px;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var templateSelect = element(by.model('template'));
+      var includeElem = element(by.css('[ng-include]'));
+
+      it('should load template1.html', function() {
+        expect(includeElem.getText()).toMatch(/Content of template1.html/);
+      });
+
+      it('should load template2.html', function() {
+        if (browser.params.browser === 'firefox') {
+          // Firefox can't handle using selects
+          // See https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/480
+          return;
+        }
+        templateSelect.click();
+        templateSelect.all(by.css('option')).get(2).click();
+        expect(includeElem.getText()).toMatch(/Content of template2.html/);
+      });
+
+      it('should change to blank', function() {
+        if (browser.params.browser === 'firefox') {
+          // Firefox can't handle using selects
+          return;
+        }
+        templateSelect.click();
+        templateSelect.all(by.css('option')).get(0).click();
+        expect(includeElem.isPresent()).toBe(false);
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc event
+ * @name ngInclude#$includeContentRequested
+ * @eventType emit on the scope ngInclude was declared in
+ * @description
+ * Emitted every time the ngInclude content is requested.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
+ * @param {String} src URL of content to load.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc event
+ * @name ngInclude#$includeContentLoaded
+ * @eventType emit on the current ngInclude scope
+ * @description
+ * Emitted every time the ngInclude content is reloaded.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
+ * @param {String} src URL of content to load.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc event
+ * @name ngInclude#$includeContentError
+ * @eventType emit on the scope ngInclude was declared in
+ * @description
+ * Emitted when a template HTTP request yields an erroneous response (status < 200 || status > 299)
+ *
+ * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
+ * @param {String} src URL of content to load.
+ */
+var ngIncludeDirective = ['$templateRequest', '$anchorScroll', '$animate',
+                  function($templateRequest,   $anchorScroll,   $animate) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'ECA',
+    priority: 400,
+    terminal: true,
+    transclude: 'element',
+    controller: angular.noop,
+    compile: function(element, attr) {
+      var srcExp = attr.ngInclude || attr.src,
+          onloadExp = attr.onload || '',
+          autoScrollExp = attr.autoscroll;
+
+      return function(scope, $element, $attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
+        var changeCounter = 0,
+            currentScope,
+            previousElement,
+            currentElement;
+
+        var cleanupLastIncludeContent = function() {
+          if (previousElement) {
+            previousElement.remove();
+            previousElement = null;
+          }
+          if (currentScope) {
+            currentScope.$destroy();
+            currentScope = null;
+          }
+          if (currentElement) {
+            $animate.leave(currentElement).done(function(response) {
+              if (response !== false) previousElement = null;
+            });
+            previousElement = currentElement;
+            currentElement = null;
+          }
+        };
+
+        scope.$watch(srcExp, function ngIncludeWatchAction(src) {
+          var afterAnimation = function(response) {
+            if (response !== false && isDefined(autoScrollExp) &&
+              (!autoScrollExp || scope.$eval(autoScrollExp))) {
+                $anchorScroll();
+            }
+          };
+          var thisChangeId = ++changeCounter;
+
+          if (src) {
+            //set the 2nd param to true to ignore the template request error so that the inner
+            //contents and scope can be cleaned up.
+            $templateRequest(src, true).then(function(response) {
+              if (scope.$$destroyed) return;
+
+              if (thisChangeId !== changeCounter) return;
+              var newScope = scope.$new();
+              ctrl.template = response;
+
+              // Note: This will also link all children of ng-include that were contained in the original
+              // html. If that content contains controllers, ... they could pollute/change the scope.
+              // However, using ng-include on an element with additional content does not make sense...
+              // Note: We can't remove them in the cloneAttchFn of $transclude as that
+              // function is called before linking the content, which would apply child
+              // directives to non existing elements.
+              var clone = $transclude(newScope, function(clone) {
+                cleanupLastIncludeContent();
+                $animate.enter(clone, null, $element).done(afterAnimation);
+              });
+
+              currentScope = newScope;
+              currentElement = clone;
+
+              currentScope.$emit('$includeContentLoaded', src);
+              scope.$eval(onloadExp);
+            }, function() {
+              if (scope.$$destroyed) return;
+
+              if (thisChangeId === changeCounter) {
+                cleanupLastIncludeContent();
+                scope.$emit('$includeContentError', src);
+              }
+            });
+            scope.$emit('$includeContentRequested', src);
+          } else {
+            cleanupLastIncludeContent();
+            ctrl.template = null;
+          }
+        });
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+// This directive is called during the $transclude call of the first `ngInclude` directive.
+// It will replace and compile the content of the element with the loaded template.
+// We need this directive so that the element content is already filled when
+// the link function of another directive on the same element as ngInclude
+// is called.
+var ngIncludeFillContentDirective = ['$compile',
+  function($compile) {
+    return {
+      restrict: 'ECA',
+      priority: -400,
+      require: 'ngInclude',
+      link: function(scope, $element, $attr, ctrl) {
+        if (toString.call($element[0]).match(/SVG/)) {
+          // WebKit: https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=135698 --- SVG elements do not
+          // support innerHTML, so detect this here and try to generate the contents
+          // specially.
+          $element.empty();
+          $compile(jqLiteBuildFragment(ctrl.template, window.document).childNodes)(scope,
+              function namespaceAdaptedClone(clone) {
+            $element.append(clone);
+          }, {futureParentElement: $element});
+          return;
+        }
+
+        $element.html(ctrl.template);
+        $compile($element.contents())(scope);
+      }
+    };
+  }];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngInit
+ * @restrict AC
+ * @priority 450
+ * @element ANY
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngInit {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval.
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngInit` directive allows you to evaluate an expression in the
+ * current scope.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-danger">
+ * This directive can be abused to add unnecessary amounts of logic into your templates.
+ * There are only a few appropriate uses of `ngInit`:
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>aliasing special properties of {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat `ngRepeat`},
+ *     as seen in the demo below.</li>
+ *   <li>initializing data during development, or for examples, as seen throughout these docs.</li>
+ *   <li>injecting data via server side scripting.</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * Besides these few cases, you should use {@link guide/component Components} or
+ * {@link guide/controller Controllers} rather than `ngInit` to initialize values on a scope.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note**: If you have assignment in `ngInit` along with a {@link ng.$filter `filter`}, make
+ * sure you have parentheses to ensure correct operator precedence:
+ * <pre class="prettyprint">
+ * `<div ng-init="test1 = ($index | toString)"></div>`
+ * </pre>
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="initExample" name="ng-init">
+     <file name="index.html">
+   <script>
+     angular.module('initExample', [])
+       .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+         $scope.list = [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']];
+       }]);
+   </script>
+   <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+     <div ng-repeat="innerList in list" ng-init="outerIndex = $index">
+       <div ng-repeat="value in innerList" ng-init="innerIndex = $index">
+          <span class="example-init">list[ {{outerIndex}} ][ {{innerIndex}} ] = {{value}};</span>
+       </div>
+     </div>
+   </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should alias index positions', function() {
+         var elements = element.all(by.css('.example-init'));
+         expect(elements.get(0).getText()).toBe('list[ 0 ][ 0 ] = a;');
+         expect(elements.get(1).getText()).toBe('list[ 0 ][ 1 ] = b;');
+         expect(elements.get(2).getText()).toBe('list[ 1 ][ 0 ] = c;');
+         expect(elements.get(3).getText()).toBe('list[ 1 ][ 1 ] = d;');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngInitDirective = ngDirective({
+  priority: 450,
+  compile: function() {
+    return {
+      pre: function(scope, element, attrs) {
+        scope.$eval(attrs.ngInit);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngList
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
+ *
+ * @param {string=} ngList optional delimiter that should be used to split the value.
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Text input that converts between a delimited string and an array of strings. The default
+ * delimiter is a comma followed by a space - equivalent to `ng-list=", "`. You can specify a custom
+ * delimiter as the value of the `ngList` attribute - for example, `ng-list=" | "`.
+ *
+ * The behaviour of the directive is affected by the use of the `ngTrim` attribute.
+ * * If `ngTrim` is set to `"false"` then whitespace around both the separator and each
+ *   list item is respected. This implies that the user of the directive is responsible for
+ *   dealing with whitespace but also allows you to use whitespace as a delimiter, such as a
+ *   tab or newline character.
+ * * Otherwise whitespace around the delimiter is ignored when splitting (although it is respected
+ *   when joining the list items back together) and whitespace around each list item is stripped
+ *   before it is added to the model.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Validation
+ *
+ * <example name="ngList-directive" module="listExample">
+ *   <file name="app.js">
+ *      angular.module('listExample', [])
+ *        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *          $scope.names = ['morpheus', 'neo', 'trinity'];
+ *        }]);
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *    <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *      <label>List: <input name="namesInput" ng-model="names" ng-list required></label>
+ *      <span role="alert">
+ *        <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.namesInput.$error.required">
+ *        Required!</span>
+ *      </span>
+ *      <br>
+ *      <tt>names = {{names}}</tt><br/>
+ *      <tt>myForm.namesInput.$valid = {{myForm.namesInput.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+ *      <tt>myForm.namesInput.$error = {{myForm.namesInput.$error}}</tt><br/>
+ *      <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+ *      <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+ *     </form>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *     var listInput = element(by.model('names'));
+ *     var names = element(by.exactBinding('names'));
+ *     var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.namesInput.$valid'));
+ *     var error = element(by.css('span.error'));
+ *
+ *     it('should initialize to model', function() {
+ *       expect(names.getText()).toContain('["morpheus","neo","trinity"]');
+ *       expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
+ *       expect(error.getCssValue('display')).toBe('none');
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+ *       listInput.clear();
+ *       listInput.sendKeys('');
+ *
+ *       expect(names.getText()).toContain('');
+ *       expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+ *       expect(error.getCssValue('display')).not.toBe('none');
+ *     });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Splitting on newline
+ *
+ * <example name="ngList-directive-newlines">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *    <textarea ng-model="list" ng-list="&#10;" ng-trim="false"></textarea>
+ *    <pre>{{ list | json }}</pre>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *     it("should split the text by newlines", function() {
+ *       var listInput = element(by.model('list'));
+ *       var output = element(by.binding('list | json'));
+ *       listInput.sendKeys('abc\ndef\nghi');
+ *       expect(output.getText()).toContain('[\n  "abc",\n  "def",\n  "ghi"\n]');
+ *     });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ */
+var ngListDirective = function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    priority: 100,
+    require: 'ngModel',
+    link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
+      var ngList = attr.ngList || ', ';
+      var trimValues = attr.ngTrim !== 'false';
+      var separator = trimValues ? trim(ngList) : ngList;
+
+      var parse = function(viewValue) {
+        // If the viewValue is invalid (say required but empty) it will be `undefined`
+        if (isUndefined(viewValue)) return;
+
+        var list = [];
+
+        if (viewValue) {
+          forEach(viewValue.split(separator), function(value) {
+            if (value) list.push(trimValues ? trim(value) : value);
+          });
+        }
+
+        return list;
+      };
+
+      ctrl.$parsers.push(parse);
+      ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+        if (isArray(value)) {
+          return value.join(ngList);
+        }
+
+        return undefined;
+      });
+
+      // Override the standard $isEmpty because an empty array means the input is empty.
+      ctrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
+        return !value || !value.length;
+      };
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+/* global VALID_CLASS: true,
+  INVALID_CLASS: true,
+  PRISTINE_CLASS: true,
+  DIRTY_CLASS: true,
+  UNTOUCHED_CLASS: true,
+  TOUCHED_CLASS: true,
+  PENDING_CLASS: true,
+  addSetValidityMethod: true,
+  setupValidity: true,
+  defaultModelOptions: false
+*/
+
+
+var VALID_CLASS = 'ng-valid',
+    INVALID_CLASS = 'ng-invalid',
+    PRISTINE_CLASS = 'ng-pristine',
+    DIRTY_CLASS = 'ng-dirty',
+    UNTOUCHED_CLASS = 'ng-untouched',
+    TOUCHED_CLASS = 'ng-touched',
+    EMPTY_CLASS = 'ng-empty',
+    NOT_EMPTY_CLASS = 'ng-not-empty';
+
+var ngModelMinErr = minErr('ngModel');
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc type
+ * @name ngModel.NgModelController
+ * @property {*} $viewValue The actual value from the control's view. For `input` elements, this is a
+ * String. See {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$setViewValue} for information about when the $viewValue
+ * is set.
+ *
+ * @property {*} $modelValue The value in the model that the control is bound to.
+ *
+ * @property {Array.<Function>} $parsers Array of functions to execute, as a pipeline, whenever
+ *  the control updates the ngModelController with a new {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue
+    `$viewValue`} from the DOM, usually via user input.
+    See {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$setViewValue `$setViewValue()`} for a detailed lifecycle explanation.
+    Note that the `$parsers` are not called when the bound ngModel expression changes programmatically.
+
+  The functions are called in array order, each passing
+    its return value through to the next. The last return value is forwarded to the
+    {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `$validators`} collection.
+
+  Parsers are used to sanitize / convert the {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue
+    `$viewValue`}.
+
+  Returning `undefined` from a parser means a parse error occurred. In that case,
+    no {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `$validators`} will run and the `ngModel`
+    will be set to `undefined` unless {@link ngModelOptions `ngModelOptions.allowInvalid`}
+    is set to `true`. The parse error is stored in `ngModel.$error.parse`.
+
+  This simple example shows a parser that would convert text input value to lowercase:
+ * ```js
+ * function parse(value) {
+ *   if (value) {
+ *     return value.toLowerCase();
+ *   }
+ * }
+ * ngModelController.$parsers.push(parse);
+ * ```
+
+ *
+ * @property {Array.<Function>} $formatters Array of functions to execute, as a pipeline, whenever
+    the bound ngModel expression changes programmatically. The `$formatters` are not called when the
+    value of the control is changed by user interaction.
+
+  Formatters are used to format / convert the {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$modelValue
+    `$modelValue`} for display in the control.
+
+  The functions are called in reverse array order, each passing the value through to the
+    next. The last return value is used as the actual DOM value.
+
+  This simple example shows a formatter that would convert the model value to uppercase:
+
+ * ```js
+ * function format(value) {
+ *   if (value) {
+ *     return value.toUpperCase();
+ *   }
+ * }
+ * ngModel.$formatters.push(format);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @property {Object.<string, function>} $validators A collection of validators that are applied
+ *      whenever the model value changes. The key value within the object refers to the name of the
+ *      validator while the function refers to the validation operation. The validation operation is
+ *      provided with the model value as an argument and must return a true or false value depending
+ *      on the response of that validation.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * ngModel.$validators.validCharacters = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+ *   var value = modelValue || viewValue;
+ *   return /[0-9]+/.test(value) &&
+ *          /[a-z]+/.test(value) &&
+ *          /[A-Z]+/.test(value) &&
+ *          /\W+/.test(value);
+ * };
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @property {Object.<string, function>} $asyncValidators A collection of validations that are expected to
+ *      perform an asynchronous validation (e.g. a HTTP request). The validation function that is provided
+ *      is expected to return a promise when it is run during the model validation process. Once the promise
+ *      is delivered then the validation status will be set to true when fulfilled and false when rejected.
+ *      When the asynchronous validators are triggered, each of the validators will run in parallel and the model
+ *      value will only be updated once all validators have been fulfilled. As long as an asynchronous validator
+ *      is unfulfilled, its key will be added to the controllers `$pending` property. Also, all asynchronous validators
+ *      will only run once all synchronous validators have passed.
+ *
+ * Please note that if $http is used then it is important that the server returns a success HTTP response code
+ * in order to fulfill the validation and a status level of `4xx` in order to reject the validation.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * ngModel.$asyncValidators.uniqueUsername = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+ *   var value = modelValue || viewValue;
+ *
+ *   // Lookup user by username
+ *   return $http.get('/api/users/' + value).
+ *      then(function resolved() {
+ *        //username exists, this means validation fails
+ *        return $q.reject('exists');
+ *      }, function rejected() {
+ *        //username does not exist, therefore this validation passes
+ *        return true;
+ *      });
+ * };
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @property {Array.<Function>} $viewChangeListeners Array of functions to execute whenever
+ *     a change to {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue `$viewValue`} has caused a change
+ *     to {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$modelValue `$modelValue`}.
+ *     It is called with no arguments, and its return value is ignored.
+ *     This can be used in place of additional $watches against the model value.
+ *
+ * @property {Object} $error An object hash with all failing validator ids as keys.
+ * @property {Object} $pending An object hash with all pending validator ids as keys.
+ *
+ * @property {boolean} $untouched True if control has not lost focus yet.
+ * @property {boolean} $touched True if control has lost focus.
+ * @property {boolean} $pristine True if user has not interacted with the control yet.
+ * @property {boolean} $dirty True if user has already interacted with the control.
+ * @property {boolean} $valid True if there is no error.
+ * @property {boolean} $invalid True if at least one error on the control.
+ * @property {string} $name The name attribute of the control.
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * `NgModelController` provides API for the {@link ngModel `ngModel`} directive.
+ * The controller contains services for data-binding, validation, CSS updates, and value formatting
+ * and parsing. It purposefully does not contain any logic which deals with DOM rendering or
+ * listening to DOM events.
+ * Such DOM related logic should be provided by other directives which make use of
+ * `NgModelController` for data-binding to control elements.
+ * AngularJS provides this DOM logic for most {@link input `input`} elements.
+ * At the end of this page you can find a {@link ngModel.NgModelController#custom-control-example
+ * custom control example} that uses `ngModelController` to bind to `contenteditable` elements.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Custom Control Example
+ * This example shows how to use `NgModelController` with a custom control to achieve
+ * data-binding. Notice how different directives (`contenteditable`, `ng-model`, and `required`)
+ * collaborate together to achieve the desired result.
+ *
+ * `contenteditable` is an HTML5 attribute, which tells the browser to let the element
+ * contents be edited in place by the user.
+ *
+ * We are using the {@link ng.service:$sce $sce} service here and include the {@link ngSanitize $sanitize}
+ * module to automatically remove "bad" content like inline event listener (e.g. `<span onclick="...">`).
+ * However, as we are using `$sce` the model can still decide to provide unsafe content if it marks
+ * that content using the `$sce` service.
+ *
+ * <example name="NgModelController" module="customControl" deps="angular-sanitize.js">
+    <file name="style.css">
+      [contenteditable] {
+        border: 1px solid black;
+        background-color: white;
+        min-height: 20px;
+      }
+
+      .ng-invalid {
+        border: 1px solid red;
+      }
+
+    </file>
+    <file name="script.js">
+      angular.module('customControl', ['ngSanitize']).
+        directive('contenteditable', ['$sce', function($sce) {
+          return {
+            restrict: 'A', // only activate on element attribute
+            require: '?ngModel', // get a hold of NgModelController
+            link: function(scope, element, attrs, ngModel) {
+              if (!ngModel) return; // do nothing if no ng-model
+
+              // Specify how UI should be updated
+              ngModel.$render = function() {
+                element.html($sce.getTrustedHtml(ngModel.$viewValue || ''));
+              };
+
+              // Listen for change events to enable binding
+              element.on('blur keyup change', function() {
+                scope.$evalAsync(read);
+              });
+              read(); // initialize
+
+              // Write data to the model
+              function read() {
+                var html = element.html();
+                // When we clear the content editable the browser leaves a <br> behind
+                // If strip-br attribute is provided then we strip this out
+                if (attrs.stripBr && html === '<br>') {
+                  html = '';
+                }
+                ngModel.$setViewValue(html);
+              }
+            }
+          };
+        }]);
+    </file>
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <form name="myForm">
+       <div contenteditable
+            name="myWidget" ng-model="userContent"
+            strip-br="true"
+            required>Change me!</div>
+        <span ng-show="myForm.myWidget.$error.required">Required!</span>
+       <hr>
+       <textarea ng-model="userContent" aria-label="Dynamic textarea"></textarea>
+      </form>
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+    it('should data-bind and become invalid', function() {
+      if (browser.params.browser === 'safari' || browser.params.browser === 'firefox') {
+        // SafariDriver can't handle contenteditable
+        // and Firefox driver can't clear contenteditables very well
+        return;
+      }
+      var contentEditable = element(by.css('[contenteditable]'));
+      var content = 'Change me!';
+
+      expect(contentEditable.getText()).toEqual(content);
+
+      contentEditable.clear();
+      contentEditable.sendKeys(protractor.Key.BACK_SPACE);
+      expect(contentEditable.getText()).toEqual('');
+      expect(contentEditable.getAttribute('class')).toMatch(/ng-invalid-required/);
+    });
+    </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ *
+ */
+NgModelController.$inject = ['$scope', '$exceptionHandler', '$attrs', '$element', '$parse', '$animate', '$timeout', '$q', '$interpolate'];
+function NgModelController($scope, $exceptionHandler, $attr, $element, $parse, $animate, $timeout, $q, $interpolate) {
+  this.$viewValue = Number.NaN;
+  this.$modelValue = Number.NaN;
+  this.$$rawModelValue = undefined; // stores the parsed modelValue / model set from scope regardless of validity.
+  this.$validators = {};
+  this.$asyncValidators = {};
+  this.$parsers = [];
+  this.$formatters = [];
+  this.$viewChangeListeners = [];
+  this.$untouched = true;
+  this.$touched = false;
+  this.$pristine = true;
+  this.$dirty = false;
+  this.$valid = true;
+  this.$invalid = false;
+  this.$error = {}; // keep invalid keys here
+  this.$$success = {}; // keep valid keys here
+  this.$pending = undefined; // keep pending keys here
+  this.$name = $interpolate($attr.name || '', false)($scope);
+  this.$$parentForm = nullFormCtrl;
+  this.$options = defaultModelOptions;
+  this.$$updateEvents = '';
+  // Attach the correct context to the event handler function for updateOn
+  this.$$updateEventHandler = this.$$updateEventHandler.bind(this);
+
+  this.$$parsedNgModel = $parse($attr.ngModel);
+  this.$$parsedNgModelAssign = this.$$parsedNgModel.assign;
+  this.$$ngModelGet = this.$$parsedNgModel;
+  this.$$ngModelSet = this.$$parsedNgModelAssign;
+  this.$$pendingDebounce = null;
+  this.$$parserValid = undefined;
+  this.$$parserName = 'parse';
+
+  this.$$currentValidationRunId = 0;
+
+  this.$$scope = $scope;
+  this.$$rootScope = $scope.$root;
+  this.$$attr = $attr;
+  this.$$element = $element;
+  this.$$animate = $animate;
+  this.$$timeout = $timeout;
+  this.$$parse = $parse;
+  this.$$q = $q;
+  this.$$exceptionHandler = $exceptionHandler;
+
+  setupValidity(this);
+  setupModelWatcher(this);
+}
+
+NgModelController.prototype = {
+  $$initGetterSetters: function() {
+    if (this.$options.getOption('getterSetter')) {
+      var invokeModelGetter = this.$$parse(this.$$attr.ngModel + '()'),
+          invokeModelSetter = this.$$parse(this.$$attr.ngModel + '($$$p)');
+
+      this.$$ngModelGet = function($scope) {
+        var modelValue = this.$$parsedNgModel($scope);
+        if (isFunction(modelValue)) {
+          modelValue = invokeModelGetter($scope);
+        }
+        return modelValue;
+      };
+      this.$$ngModelSet = function($scope, newValue) {
+        if (isFunction(this.$$parsedNgModel($scope))) {
+          invokeModelSetter($scope, {$$$p: newValue});
+        } else {
+          this.$$parsedNgModelAssign($scope, newValue);
+        }
+      };
+    } else if (!this.$$parsedNgModel.assign) {
+      throw ngModelMinErr('nonassign', 'Expression \'{0}\' is non-assignable. Element: {1}',
+          this.$$attr.ngModel, startingTag(this.$$element));
+    }
+  },
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$render
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Called when the view needs to be updated. It is expected that the user of the ng-model
+   * directive will implement this method.
+   *
+   * The `$render()` method is invoked in the following situations:
+   *
+   * * `$rollbackViewValue()` is called.  If we are rolling back the view value to the last
+   *   committed value then `$render()` is called to update the input control.
+   * * The value referenced by `ng-model` is changed programmatically and both the `$modelValue` and
+   *   the `$viewValue` are different from last time.
+   *
+   * Since `ng-model` does not do a deep watch, `$render()` is only invoked if the values of
+   * `$modelValue` and `$viewValue` are actually different from their previous values. If `$modelValue`
+   * or `$viewValue` are objects (rather than a string or number) then `$render()` will not be
+   * invoked if you only change a property on the objects.
+   */
+  $render: noop,
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$isEmpty
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This is called when we need to determine if the value of an input is empty.
+   *
+   * For instance, the required directive does this to work out if the input has data or not.
+   *
+   * The default `$isEmpty` function checks whether the value is `undefined`, `''`, `null` or `NaN`.
+   *
+   * You can override this for input directives whose concept of being empty is different from the
+   * default. The `checkboxInputType` directive does this because in its case a value of `false`
+   * implies empty.
+   *
+   * @param {*} value The value of the input to check for emptiness.
+   * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is "empty".
+   */
+  $isEmpty: function(value) {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+    return isUndefined(value) || value === '' || value === null || value !== value;
+  },
+
+  $$updateEmptyClasses: function(value) {
+    if (this.$isEmpty(value)) {
+      this.$$animate.removeClass(this.$$element, NOT_EMPTY_CLASS);
+      this.$$animate.addClass(this.$$element, EMPTY_CLASS);
+    } else {
+      this.$$animate.removeClass(this.$$element, EMPTY_CLASS);
+      this.$$animate.addClass(this.$$element, NOT_EMPTY_CLASS);
+    }
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setPristine
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the control to its pristine state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to remove the `ng-dirty` class and set the control to its pristine
+   * state (`ng-pristine` class). A model is considered to be pristine when the control
+   * has not been changed from when first compiled.
+   */
+  $setPristine: function() {
+    this.$dirty = false;
+    this.$pristine = true;
+    this.$$animate.removeClass(this.$$element, DIRTY_CLASS);
+    this.$$animate.addClass(this.$$element, PRISTINE_CLASS);
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setDirty
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the control to its dirty state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to remove the `ng-pristine` class and set the control to its dirty
+   * state (`ng-dirty` class). A model is considered to be dirty when the control has been changed
+   * from when first compiled.
+   */
+  $setDirty: function() {
+    this.$dirty = true;
+    this.$pristine = false;
+    this.$$animate.removeClass(this.$$element, PRISTINE_CLASS);
+    this.$$animate.addClass(this.$$element, DIRTY_CLASS);
+    this.$$parentForm.$setDirty();
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setUntouched
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the control to its untouched state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to remove the `ng-touched` class and set the control to its
+   * untouched state (`ng-untouched` class). Upon compilation, a model is set as untouched
+   * by default, however this function can be used to restore that state if the model has
+   * already been touched by the user.
+   */
+  $setUntouched: function() {
+    this.$touched = false;
+    this.$untouched = true;
+    this.$$animate.setClass(this.$$element, UNTOUCHED_CLASS, TOUCHED_CLASS);
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setTouched
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the control to its touched state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to remove the `ng-untouched` class and set the control to its
+   * touched state (`ng-touched` class). A model is considered to be touched when the user has
+   * first focused the control element and then shifted focus away from the control (blur event).
+   */
+  $setTouched: function() {
+    this.$touched = true;
+    this.$untouched = false;
+    this.$$animate.setClass(this.$$element, TOUCHED_CLASS, UNTOUCHED_CLASS);
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$rollbackViewValue
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Cancel an update and reset the input element's value to prevent an update to the `$modelValue`,
+   * which may be caused by a pending debounced event or because the input is waiting for some
+   * future event.
+   *
+   * If you have an input that uses `ng-model-options` to set up debounced updates or updates that
+   * depend on special events such as `blur`, there can be a period when the `$viewValue` is out of
+   * sync with the ngModel's `$modelValue`.
+   *
+   * In this case, you can use `$rollbackViewValue()` to manually cancel the debounced / future update
+   * and reset the input to the last committed view value.
+   *
+   * It is also possible that you run into difficulties if you try to update the ngModel's `$modelValue`
+   * programmatically before these debounced/future events have resolved/occurred, because AngularJS's
+   * dirty checking mechanism is not able to tell whether the model has actually changed or not.
+   *
+   * The `$rollbackViewValue()` method should be called before programmatically changing the model of an
+   * input which may have such events pending. This is important in order to make sure that the
+   * input field will be updated with the new model value and any pending operations are cancelled.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * <example name="ng-model-cancel-update" module="cancel-update-example">
+   *   <file name="app.js">
+   *     angular.module('cancel-update-example', [])
+   *
+   *     .controller('CancelUpdateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+   *       $scope.model = {value1: '', value2: ''};
+   *
+   *       $scope.setEmpty = function(e, value, rollback) {
+   *         if (e.keyCode === 27) {
+   *           e.preventDefault();
+   *           if (rollback) {
+   *             $scope.myForm[value].$rollbackViewValue();
+   *           }
+   *           $scope.model[value] = '';
+   *         }
+   *       };
+   *     }]);
+   *   </file>
+   *   <file name="index.html">
+   *     <div ng-controller="CancelUpdateController">
+   *       <p>Both of these inputs are only updated if they are blurred. Hitting escape should
+   *       empty them. Follow these steps and observe the difference:</p>
+   *       <ol>
+   *         <li>Type something in the input. You will see that the model is not yet updated</li>
+   *         <li>Press the Escape key.
+   *           <ol>
+   *             <li> In the first example, nothing happens, because the model is already '', and no
+   *             update is detected. If you blur the input, the model will be set to the current view.
+   *             </li>
+   *             <li> In the second example, the pending update is cancelled, and the input is set back
+   *             to the last committed view value (''). Blurring the input does nothing.
+   *             </li>
+   *           </ol>
+   *         </li>
+   *       </ol>
+   *
+   *       <form name="myForm" ng-model-options="{ updateOn: 'blur' }">
+   *         <div>
+   *           <p id="inputDescription1">Without $rollbackViewValue():</p>
+   *           <input name="value1" aria-describedby="inputDescription1" ng-model="model.value1"
+   *                  ng-keydown="setEmpty($event, 'value1')">
+   *           value1: "{{ model.value1 }}"
+   *         </div>
+   *
+   *         <div>
+   *           <p id="inputDescription2">With $rollbackViewValue():</p>
+   *           <input name="value2" aria-describedby="inputDescription2" ng-model="model.value2"
+   *                  ng-keydown="setEmpty($event, 'value2', true)">
+   *           value2: "{{ model.value2 }}"
+   *         </div>
+   *       </form>
+   *     </div>
+   *   </file>
+       <file name="style.css">
+          div {
+            display: table-cell;
+          }
+          div:nth-child(1) {
+            padding-right: 30px;
+          }
+
+        </file>
+   * </example>
+   */
+  $rollbackViewValue: function() {
+    this.$$timeout.cancel(this.$$pendingDebounce);
+    this.$viewValue = this.$$lastCommittedViewValue;
+    this.$render();
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$validate
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Runs each of the registered validators (first synchronous validators and then
+   * asynchronous validators).
+   * If the validity changes to invalid, the model will be set to `undefined`,
+   * unless {@link ngModelOptions `ngModelOptions.allowInvalid`} is `true`.
+   * If the validity changes to valid, it will set the model to the last available valid
+   * `$modelValue`, i.e. either the last parsed value or the last value set from the scope.
+   */
+  $validate: function() {
+
+    // ignore $validate before model is initialized
+    if (isNumberNaN(this.$modelValue)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    var viewValue = this.$$lastCommittedViewValue;
+    // Note: we use the $$rawModelValue as $modelValue might have been
+    // set to undefined during a view -> model update that found validation
+    // errors. We can't parse the view here, since that could change
+    // the model although neither viewValue nor the model on the scope changed
+    var modelValue = this.$$rawModelValue;
+
+    var prevValid = this.$valid;
+    var prevModelValue = this.$modelValue;
+
+    var allowInvalid = this.$options.getOption('allowInvalid');
+
+    var that = this;
+    this.$$runValidators(modelValue, viewValue, function(allValid) {
+      // If there was no change in validity, don't update the model
+      // This prevents changing an invalid modelValue to undefined
+      if (!allowInvalid && prevValid !== allValid) {
+        // Note: Don't check this.$valid here, as we could have
+        // external validators (e.g. calculated on the server),
+        // that just call $setValidity and need the model value
+        // to calculate their validity.
+        that.$modelValue = allValid ? modelValue : undefined;
+
+        if (that.$modelValue !== prevModelValue) {
+          that.$$writeModelToScope();
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  },
+
+  $$runValidators: function(modelValue, viewValue, doneCallback) {
+    this.$$currentValidationRunId++;
+    var localValidationRunId = this.$$currentValidationRunId;
+    var that = this;
+
+    // check parser error
+    if (!processParseErrors()) {
+      validationDone(false);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!processSyncValidators()) {
+      validationDone(false);
+      return;
+    }
+    processAsyncValidators();
+
+    function processParseErrors() {
+      var errorKey = that.$$parserName;
+
+      if (isUndefined(that.$$parserValid)) {
+        setValidity(errorKey, null);
+      } else {
+        if (!that.$$parserValid) {
+          forEach(that.$validators, function(v, name) {
+            setValidity(name, null);
+          });
+          forEach(that.$asyncValidators, function(v, name) {
+            setValidity(name, null);
+          });
+        }
+
+        // Set the parse error last, to prevent unsetting it, should a $validators key == parserName
+        setValidity(errorKey, that.$$parserValid);
+        return that.$$parserValid;
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    function processSyncValidators() {
+      var syncValidatorsValid = true;
+      forEach(that.$validators, function(validator, name) {
+        var result = Boolean(validator(modelValue, viewValue));
+        syncValidatorsValid = syncValidatorsValid && result;
+        setValidity(name, result);
+      });
+      if (!syncValidatorsValid) {
+        forEach(that.$asyncValidators, function(v, name) {
+          setValidity(name, null);
+        });
+        return false;
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    function processAsyncValidators() {
+      var validatorPromises = [];
+      var allValid = true;
+      forEach(that.$asyncValidators, function(validator, name) {
+        var promise = validator(modelValue, viewValue);
+        if (!isPromiseLike(promise)) {
+          throw ngModelMinErr('nopromise',
+            'Expected asynchronous validator to return a promise but got \'{0}\' instead.', promise);
+        }
+        setValidity(name, undefined);
+        validatorPromises.push(promise.then(function() {
+          setValidity(name, true);
+        }, function() {
+          allValid = false;
+          setValidity(name, false);
+        }));
+      });
+      if (!validatorPromises.length) {
+        validationDone(true);
+      } else {
+        that.$$q.all(validatorPromises).then(function() {
+          validationDone(allValid);
+        }, noop);
+      }
+    }
+
+    function setValidity(name, isValid) {
+      if (localValidationRunId === that.$$currentValidationRunId) {
+        that.$setValidity(name, isValid);
+      }
+    }
+
+    function validationDone(allValid) {
+      if (localValidationRunId === that.$$currentValidationRunId) {
+
+        doneCallback(allValid);
+      }
+    }
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$commitViewValue
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Commit a pending update to the `$modelValue`.
+   *
+   * Updates may be pending by a debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some future
+   * event defined in `ng-model-options`. this method is rarely needed as `NgModelController`
+   * usually handles calling this in response to input events.
+   */
+  $commitViewValue: function() {
+    var viewValue = this.$viewValue;
+
+    this.$$timeout.cancel(this.$$pendingDebounce);
+
+    // If the view value has not changed then we should just exit, except in the case where there is
+    // a native validator on the element. In this case the validation state may have changed even though
+    // the viewValue has stayed empty.
+    if (this.$$lastCommittedViewValue === viewValue && (viewValue !== '' || !this.$$hasNativeValidators)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this.$$updateEmptyClasses(viewValue);
+    this.$$lastCommittedViewValue = viewValue;
+
+    // change to dirty
+    if (this.$pristine) {
+      this.$setDirty();
+    }
+    this.$$parseAndValidate();
+  },
+
+  $$parseAndValidate: function() {
+    var viewValue = this.$$lastCommittedViewValue;
+    var modelValue = viewValue;
+    var that = this;
+
+    this.$$parserValid = isUndefined(modelValue) ? undefined : true;
+
+    // Reset any previous parse error
+    this.$setValidity(this.$$parserName, null);
+    this.$$parserName = 'parse';
+
+    if (this.$$parserValid) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < this.$parsers.length; i++) {
+        modelValue = this.$parsers[i](modelValue);
+        if (isUndefined(modelValue)) {
+          this.$$parserValid = false;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (isNumberNaN(this.$modelValue)) {
+      // this.$modelValue has not been touched yet...
+      this.$modelValue = this.$$ngModelGet(this.$$scope);
+    }
+    var prevModelValue = this.$modelValue;
+    var allowInvalid = this.$options.getOption('allowInvalid');
+    this.$$rawModelValue = modelValue;
+
+    if (allowInvalid) {
+      this.$modelValue = modelValue;
+      writeToModelIfNeeded();
+    }
+
+    // Pass the $$lastCommittedViewValue here, because the cached viewValue might be out of date.
+    // This can happen if e.g. $setViewValue is called from inside a parser
+    this.$$runValidators(modelValue, this.$$lastCommittedViewValue, function(allValid) {
+      if (!allowInvalid) {
+        // Note: Don't check this.$valid here, as we could have
+        // external validators (e.g. calculated on the server),
+        // that just call $setValidity and need the model value
+        // to calculate their validity.
+        that.$modelValue = allValid ? modelValue : undefined;
+        writeToModelIfNeeded();
+      }
+    });
+
+    function writeToModelIfNeeded() {
+      if (that.$modelValue !== prevModelValue) {
+        that.$$writeModelToScope();
+      }
+    }
+  },
+
+  $$writeModelToScope: function() {
+    this.$$ngModelSet(this.$$scope, this.$modelValue);
+    forEach(this.$viewChangeListeners, function(listener) {
+      try {
+        listener();
+      } catch (e) {
+        // eslint-disable-next-line no-invalid-this
+        this.$$exceptionHandler(e);
+      }
+    }, this);
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setViewValue
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Update the view value.
+   *
+   * This method should be called when a control wants to change the view value; typically,
+   * this is done from within a DOM event handler. For example, the {@link ng.directive:input input}
+   * directive calls it when the value of the input changes and {@link ng.directive:select select}
+   * calls it when an option is selected.
+   *
+   * When `$setViewValue` is called, the new `value` will be staged for committing through the `$parsers`
+   * and `$validators` pipelines. If there are no special {@link ngModelOptions} specified then the staged
+   * value is sent directly for processing through the `$parsers` pipeline. After this, the `$validators` and
+   * `$asyncValidators` are called and the value is applied to `$modelValue`.
+   * Finally, the value is set to the **expression** specified in the `ng-model` attribute and
+   * all the registered change listeners, in the `$viewChangeListeners` list are called.
+   *
+   * In case the {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions} directive is used with `updateOn`
+   * and the `default` trigger is not listed, all those actions will remain pending until one of the
+   * `updateOn` events is triggered on the DOM element.
+   * All these actions will be debounced if the {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}
+   * directive is used with a custom debounce for this particular event.
+   * Note that a `$digest` is only triggered once the `updateOn` events are fired, or if `debounce`
+   * is specified, once the timer runs out.
+   *
+   * When used with standard inputs, the view value will always be a string (which is in some cases
+   * parsed into another type, such as a `Date` object for `input[date]`.)
+   * However, custom controls might also pass objects to this method. In this case, we should make
+   * a copy of the object before passing it to `$setViewValue`. This is because `ngModel` does not
+   * perform a deep watch of objects, it only looks for a change of identity. If you only change
+   * the property of the object then ngModel will not realize that the object has changed and
+   * will not invoke the `$parsers` and `$validators` pipelines. For this reason, you should
+   * not change properties of the copy once it has been passed to `$setViewValue`.
+   * Otherwise you may cause the model value on the scope to change incorrectly.
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-info">
+   * In any case, the value passed to the method should always reflect the current value
+   * of the control. For example, if you are calling `$setViewValue` for an input element,
+   * you should pass the input DOM value. Otherwise, the control and the scope model become
+   * out of sync. It's also important to note that `$setViewValue` does not call `$render` or change
+   * the control's DOM value in any way. If we want to change the control's DOM value
+   * programmatically, we should update the `ngModel` scope expression. Its new value will be
+   * picked up by the model controller, which will run it through the `$formatters`, `$render` it
+   * to update the DOM, and finally call `$validate` on it.
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * @param {*} value value from the view.
+   * @param {string} trigger Event that triggered the update.
+   */
+  $setViewValue: function(value, trigger) {
+    this.$viewValue = value;
+    if (this.$options.getOption('updateOnDefault')) {
+      this.$$debounceViewValueCommit(trigger);
+    }
+  },
+
+  $$debounceViewValueCommit: function(trigger) {
+    var debounceDelay = this.$options.getOption('debounce');
+
+    if (isNumber(debounceDelay[trigger])) {
+      debounceDelay = debounceDelay[trigger];
+    } else if (isNumber(debounceDelay['default']) &&
+      this.$options.getOption('updateOn').indexOf(trigger) === -1
+    ) {
+      debounceDelay = debounceDelay['default'];
+    } else if (isNumber(debounceDelay['*'])) {
+      debounceDelay = debounceDelay['*'];
+    }
+
+    this.$$timeout.cancel(this.$$pendingDebounce);
+    var that = this;
+    if (debounceDelay > 0) { // this fails if debounceDelay is an object
+      this.$$pendingDebounce = this.$$timeout(function() {
+        that.$commitViewValue();
+      }, debounceDelay);
+    } else if (this.$$rootScope.$$phase) {
+      this.$commitViewValue();
+    } else {
+      this.$$scope.$apply(function() {
+        that.$commitViewValue();
+      });
+    }
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   *
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$overrideModelOptions
+   *
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Override the current model options settings programmatically.
+   *
+   * The previous `ModelOptions` value will not be modified. Instead, a
+   * new `ModelOptions` object will inherit from the previous one overriding
+   * or inheriting settings that are defined in the given parameter.
+   *
+   * See {@link ngModelOptions} for information about what options can be specified
+   * and how model option inheritance works.
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   * **Note:** this function only affects the options set on the `ngModelController`,
+   * and not the options on the {@link ngModelOptions} directive from which they might have been
+   * obtained initially.
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-danger">
+   * **Note:** it is not possible to override the `getterSetter` option.
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * @param {Object} options a hash of settings to override the previous options
+   *
+   */
+  $overrideModelOptions: function(options) {
+    this.$options = this.$options.createChild(options);
+    this.$$setUpdateOnEvents();
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   *
+   * @name  ngModel.NgModelController#$processModelValue
+
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Runs the model -> view pipeline on the current
+   * {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$modelValue $modelValue}.
+   *
+   * The following actions are performed by this method:
+   *
+   * - the `$modelValue` is run through the {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$formatters $formatters}
+   * and the result is set to the {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
+   * - the `ng-empty` or `ng-not-empty` class is set on the element
+   * - if the `$viewValue` has changed:
+   *   - {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$render $render} is called on the control
+   *   - the {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators $validators} are run and
+   *   the validation status is set.
+   *
+   * This method is called by ngModel internally when the bound scope value changes.
+   * Application developers usually do not have to call this function themselves.
+   *
+   * This function can be used when the `$viewValue` or the rendered DOM value are not correctly
+   * formatted and the `$modelValue` must be run through the `$formatters` again.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * Consider a text input with an autocomplete list (for fruit), where the items are
+   * objects with a name and an id.
+   * A user enters `ap` and then selects `Apricot` from the list.
+   * Based on this, the autocomplete widget will call `$setViewValue({name: 'Apricot', id: 443})`,
+   * but the rendered value will still be `ap`.
+   * The widget can then call `ctrl.$processModelValue()` to run the model -> view
+   * pipeline again, which formats the object to the string `Apricot`,
+   * then updates the `$viewValue`, and finally renders it in the DOM.
+   *
+   * <example module="inputExample" name="ng-model-process">
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-controller="inputController" style="display: flex;">
+        <div style="margin-right: 30px;">
+          Search Fruit:
+          <basic-autocomplete items="items" on-select="selectedFruit = item"></basic-autocomplete>
+        </div>
+        <div>
+          Model:<br>
+          <pre>{{selectedFruit | json}}</pre>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="app.js">
+      angular.module('inputExample', [])
+        .controller('inputController', function($scope) {
+          $scope.items = [
+            {name: 'Apricot', id: 443},
+            {name: 'Clementine', id: 972},
+            {name: 'Durian', id: 169},
+            {name: 'Jackfruit', id: 982},
+            {name: 'Strawberry', id: 863}
+          ];
+        })
+        .component('basicAutocomplete', {
+          bindings: {
+            items: '<',
+            onSelect: '&'
+          },
+          templateUrl: 'autocomplete.html',
+          controller: function($element, $scope) {
+            var that = this;
+            var ngModel;
+
+            that.$postLink = function() {
+              ngModel = $element.find('input').controller('ngModel');
+
+              ngModel.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+                return (value && value.name) || value;
+              });
+
+              ngModel.$parsers.push(function(value) {
+                var match = value;
+                for (var i = 0; i < that.items.length; i++) {
+                  if (that.items[i].name === value) {
+                    match = that.items[i];
+                    break;
+                  }
+                }
+
+                return match;
+              });
+            };
+
+            that.selectItem = function(item) {
+              ngModel.$setViewValue(item);
+              ngModel.$processModelValue();
+              that.onSelect({item: item});
+            };
+          }
+        });
+     </file>
+     <file name="autocomplete.html">
+       <div>
+         <input type="search" ng-model="$ctrl.searchTerm" />
+         <ul>
+           <li ng-repeat="item in $ctrl.items | filter:$ctrl.searchTerm">
+             <button ng-click="$ctrl.selectItem(item)">{{ item.name }}</button>
+           </li>
+         </ul>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+   * </example>
+   *
+   */
+  $processModelValue: function() {
+    var viewValue = this.$$format();
+
+    if (this.$viewValue !== viewValue) {
+      this.$$updateEmptyClasses(viewValue);
+      this.$viewValue = this.$$lastCommittedViewValue = viewValue;
+      this.$render();
+      // It is possible that model and view value have been updated during render
+      this.$$runValidators(this.$modelValue, this.$viewValue, noop);
+    }
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * This method is called internally to run the $formatters on the $modelValue
+   */
+  $$format: function() {
+    var formatters = this.$formatters,
+        idx = formatters.length;
+
+    var viewValue = this.$modelValue;
+    while (idx--) {
+      viewValue = formatters[idx](viewValue);
+    }
+
+    return viewValue;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * This method is called internally when the bound scope value changes.
+   */
+  $$setModelValue: function(modelValue) {
+    this.$modelValue = this.$$rawModelValue = modelValue;
+    this.$$parserValid = undefined;
+    this.$processModelValue();
+  },
+
+  $$setUpdateOnEvents: function() {
+    if (this.$$updateEvents) {
+      this.$$element.off(this.$$updateEvents, this.$$updateEventHandler);
+    }
+
+    this.$$updateEvents = this.$options.getOption('updateOn');
+    if (this.$$updateEvents) {
+      this.$$element.on(this.$$updateEvents, this.$$updateEventHandler);
+    }
+  },
+
+  $$updateEventHandler: function(ev) {
+    this.$$debounceViewValueCommit(ev && ev.type);
+  }
+};
+
+function setupModelWatcher(ctrl) {
+  // model -> value
+  // Note: we cannot use a normal scope.$watch as we want to detect the following:
+  // 1. scope value is 'a'
+  // 2. user enters 'b'
+  // 3. ng-change kicks in and reverts scope value to 'a'
+  //    -> scope value did not change since the last digest as
+  //       ng-change executes in apply phase
+  // 4. view should be changed back to 'a'
+  ctrl.$$scope.$watch(function ngModelWatch(scope) {
+    var modelValue = ctrl.$$ngModelGet(scope);
+
+    // if scope model value and ngModel value are out of sync
+    // This cannot be moved to the action function, because it would not catch the
+    // case where the model is changed in the ngChange function or the model setter
+    if (modelValue !== ctrl.$modelValue &&
+      // checks for NaN is needed to allow setting the model to NaN when there's an asyncValidator
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+      (ctrl.$modelValue === ctrl.$modelValue || modelValue === modelValue)
+    ) {
+      ctrl.$$setModelValue(modelValue);
+    }
+
+    return modelValue;
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setValidity
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Change the validity state, and notify the form.
+ *
+ * This method can be called within $parsers/$formatters or a custom validation implementation.
+ * However, in most cases it should be sufficient to use the `ngModel.$validators` and
+ * `ngModel.$asyncValidators` collections which will call `$setValidity` automatically.
+ *
+ * @param {string} validationErrorKey Name of the validator. The `validationErrorKey` will be assigned
+ *        to either `$error[validationErrorKey]` or `$pending[validationErrorKey]`
+ *        (for unfulfilled `$asyncValidators`), so that it is available for data-binding.
+ *        The `validationErrorKey` should be in camelCase and will get converted into dash-case
+ *        for class name. Example: `myError` will result in `ng-valid-my-error` and `ng-invalid-my-error`
+ *        classes and can be bound to as `{{ someForm.someControl.$error.myError }}`.
+ * @param {boolean} isValid Whether the current state is valid (true), invalid (false), pending (undefined),
+ *                          or skipped (null). Pending is used for unfulfilled `$asyncValidators`.
+ *                          Skipped is used by AngularJS when validators do not run because of parse errors and
+ *                          when `$asyncValidators` do not run because any of the `$validators` failed.
+ */
+addSetValidityMethod({
+  clazz: NgModelController,
+  set: function(object, property) {
+    object[property] = true;
+  },
+  unset: function(object, property) {
+    delete object[property];
+  }
+});
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngModel
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 1
+ * @param {expression} ngModel assignable {@link guide/expression Expression} to bind to.
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngModel` directive binds an `input`,`select`, `textarea` (or custom form control) to a
+ * property on the scope using {@link ngModel.NgModelController NgModelController},
+ * which is created and exposed by this directive.
+ *
+ * `ngModel` is responsible for:
+ *
+ * - Binding the view into the model, which other directives such as `input`, `textarea` or `select`
+ *   require.
+ * - Providing validation behavior (i.e. required, number, email, url).
+ * - Keeping the state of the control (valid/invalid, dirty/pristine, touched/untouched, validation errors).
+ * - Setting related css classes on the element (`ng-valid`, `ng-invalid`, `ng-dirty`, `ng-pristine`, `ng-touched`,
+ *   `ng-untouched`, `ng-empty`, `ng-not-empty`) including animations.
+ * - Registering the control with its parent {@link ng.directive:form form}.
+ *
+ * Note: `ngModel` will try to bind to the property given by evaluating the expression on the
+ * current scope. If the property doesn't already exist on this scope, it will be created
+ * implicitly and added to the scope.
+ *
+ * For best practices on using `ngModel`, see:
+ *
+ *  - [Understanding Scopes](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/wiki/Understanding-Scopes)
+ *
+ * For basic examples, how to use `ngModel`, see:
+ *
+ *  - {@link ng.directive:input input}
+ *    - {@link input[text] text}
+ *    - {@link input[checkbox] checkbox}
+ *    - {@link input[radio] radio}
+ *    - {@link input[number] number}
+ *    - {@link input[email] email}
+ *    - {@link input[url] url}
+ *    - {@link input[date] date}
+ *    - {@link input[datetime-local] datetime-local}
+ *    - {@link input[time] time}
+ *    - {@link input[month] month}
+ *    - {@link input[week] week}
+ *  - {@link ng.directive:select select}
+ *  - {@link ng.directive:textarea textarea}
+ *
+ * ## Complex Models (objects or collections)
+ *
+ * By default, `ngModel` watches the model by reference, not value. This is important to know when
+ * binding inputs to models that are objects (e.g. `Date`) or collections (e.g. arrays). If only properties of the
+ * object or collection change, `ngModel` will not be notified and so the input will not be  re-rendered.
+ *
+ * The model must be assigned an entirely new object or collection before a re-rendering will occur.
+ *
+ * Some directives have options that will cause them to use a custom `$watchCollection` on the model expression
+ * - for example, `ngOptions` will do so when a `track by` clause is included in the comprehension expression or
+ * if the select is given the `multiple` attribute.
+ *
+ * The `$watchCollection()` method only does a shallow comparison, meaning that changing properties deeper than the
+ * first level of the object (or only changing the properties of an item in the collection if it's an array) will still
+ * not trigger a re-rendering of the model.
+ *
+ * ## CSS classes
+ * The following CSS classes are added and removed on the associated input/select/textarea element
+ * depending on the validity of the model.
+ *
+ *  - `ng-valid`: the model is valid
+ *  - `ng-invalid`: the model is invalid
+ *  - `ng-valid-[key]`: for each valid key added by `$setValidity`
+ *  - `ng-invalid-[key]`: for each invalid key added by `$setValidity`
+ *  - `ng-pristine`: the control hasn't been interacted with yet
+ *  - `ng-dirty`: the control has been interacted with
+ *  - `ng-touched`: the control has been blurred
+ *  - `ng-untouched`: the control hasn't been blurred
+ *  - `ng-pending`: any `$asyncValidators` are unfulfilled
+ *  - `ng-empty`: the view does not contain a value or the value is deemed "empty", as defined
+ *     by the {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$isEmpty} method
+ *  - `ng-not-empty`: the view contains a non-empty value
+ *
+ * Keep in mind that ngAnimate can detect each of these classes when added and removed.
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * Animations within models are triggered when any of the associated CSS classes are added and removed
+ * on the input element which is attached to the model. These classes include: `.ng-pristine`, `.ng-dirty`,
+ * `.ng-invalid` and `.ng-valid` as well as any other validations that are performed on the model itself.
+ * The animations that are triggered within ngModel are similar to how they work in ngClass and
+ * animations can be hooked into using CSS transitions, keyframes as well as JS animations.
+ *
+ * The following example shows a simple way to utilize CSS transitions to style an input element
+ * that has been rendered as invalid after it has been validated:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * //be sure to include ngAnimate as a module to hook into more
+ * //advanced animations
+ * .my-input {
+ *   transition:0.5s linear all;
+ *   background: white;
+ * }
+ * .my-input.ng-invalid {
+ *   background: red;
+ *   color:white;
+ * }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Basic Usage
+ * <example deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" fixBase="true" module="inputExample" name="ng-model">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+        angular.module('inputExample', [])
+          .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+            $scope.val = '1';
+          }]);
+       </script>
+       <style>
+         .my-input {
+           transition:all linear 0.5s;
+           background: transparent;
+         }
+         .my-input.ng-invalid {
+           color:white;
+           background: red;
+         }
+       </style>
+       <p id="inputDescription">
+        Update input to see transitions when valid/invalid.
+        Integer is a valid value.
+       </p>
+       <form name="testForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <input ng-model="val" ng-pattern="/^\d+$/" name="anim" class="my-input"
+                aria-describedby="inputDescription" />
+       </form>
+     </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Binding to a getter/setter
+ *
+ * Sometimes it's helpful to bind `ngModel` to a getter/setter function.  A getter/setter is a
+ * function that returns a representation of the model when called with zero arguments, and sets
+ * the internal state of a model when called with an argument. It's sometimes useful to use this
+ * for models that have an internal representation that's different from what the model exposes
+ * to the view.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-success">
+ * **Best Practice:** It's best to keep getters fast because AngularJS is likely to call them more
+ * frequently than other parts of your code.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * You use this behavior by adding `ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }"` to an element that
+ * has `ng-model` attached to it. You can also add `ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }"` to
+ * a `<form>`, which will enable this behavior for all `<input>`s within it. See
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions `ngModelOptions`} for more.
+ *
+ * The following example shows how to use `ngModel` with a getter/setter:
+ *
+ * @example
+ * <example name="ngModel-getter-setter" module="getterSetterExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <form name="userForm">
+           <label>Name:
+             <input type="text" name="userName"
+                    ng-model="user.name"
+                    ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }" />
+           </label>
+         </form>
+         <pre>user.name = <span ng-bind="user.name()"></span></pre>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="app.js">
+       angular.module('getterSetterExample', [])
+         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+           var _name = 'Brian';
+           $scope.user = {
+             name: function(newName) {
+              // Note that newName can be undefined for two reasons:
+              // 1. Because it is called as a getter and thus called with no arguments
+              // 2. Because the property should actually be set to undefined. This happens e.g. if the
+              //    input is invalid
+              return arguments.length ? (_name = newName) : _name;
+             }
+           };
+         }]);
+     </file>
+ * </example>
+ */
+var ngModelDirective = ['$rootScope', function($rootScope) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    require: ['ngModel', '^?form', '^?ngModelOptions'],
+    controller: NgModelController,
+    // Prelink needs to run before any input directive
+    // so that we can set the NgModelOptions in NgModelController
+    // before anyone else uses it.
+    priority: 1,
+    compile: function ngModelCompile(element) {
+      // Setup initial state of the control
+      element.addClass(PRISTINE_CLASS).addClass(UNTOUCHED_CLASS).addClass(VALID_CLASS);
+
+      return {
+        pre: function ngModelPreLink(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
+          var modelCtrl = ctrls[0],
+              formCtrl = ctrls[1] || modelCtrl.$$parentForm,
+              optionsCtrl = ctrls[2];
+
+          if (optionsCtrl) {
+            modelCtrl.$options = optionsCtrl.$options;
+          }
+
+          modelCtrl.$$initGetterSetters();
+
+          // notify others, especially parent forms
+          formCtrl.$addControl(modelCtrl);
+
+          attr.$observe('name', function(newValue) {
+            if (modelCtrl.$name !== newValue) {
+              modelCtrl.$$parentForm.$$renameControl(modelCtrl, newValue);
+            }
+          });
+
+          scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+            modelCtrl.$$parentForm.$removeControl(modelCtrl);
+          });
+        },
+        post: function ngModelPostLink(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
+          var modelCtrl = ctrls[0];
+          modelCtrl.$$setUpdateOnEvents();
+
+          function setTouched() {
+            modelCtrl.$setTouched();
+          }
+
+          element.on('blur', function() {
+            if (modelCtrl.$touched) return;
+
+            if ($rootScope.$$phase) {
+              scope.$evalAsync(setTouched);
+            } else {
+              scope.$apply(setTouched);
+            }
+          });
+        }
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+/* exported defaultModelOptions */
+var defaultModelOptions;
+var DEFAULT_REGEXP = /(\s+|^)default(\s+|$)/;
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc type
+ * @name ModelOptions
+ * @description
+ * A container for the options set by the {@link ngModelOptions} directive
+ */
+function ModelOptions(options) {
+  this.$$options = options;
+}
+
+ModelOptions.prototype = {
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ModelOptions#getOption
+   * @param {string} name the name of the option to retrieve
+   * @returns {*} the value of the option
+   * @description
+   * Returns the value of the given option
+   */
+  getOption: function(name) {
+    return this.$$options[name];
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ModelOptions#createChild
+   * @param {Object} options a hash of options for the new child that will override the parent's options
+   * @return {ModelOptions} a new `ModelOptions` object initialized with the given options.
+   */
+  createChild: function(options) {
+    var inheritAll = false;
+
+    // make a shallow copy
+    options = extend({}, options);
+
+    // Inherit options from the parent if specified by the value `"$inherit"`
+    forEach(options, /** @this */ function(option, key) {
+      if (option === '$inherit') {
+        if (key === '*') {
+          inheritAll = true;
+        } else {
+          options[key] = this.$$options[key];
+          // `updateOn` is special so we must also inherit the `updateOnDefault` option
+          if (key === 'updateOn') {
+            options.updateOnDefault = this.$$options.updateOnDefault;
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (key === 'updateOn') {
+          // If the `updateOn` property contains the `default` event then we have to remove
+          // it from the event list and set the `updateOnDefault` flag.
+          options.updateOnDefault = false;
+          options[key] = trim(option.replace(DEFAULT_REGEXP, function() {
+            options.updateOnDefault = true;
+            return ' ';
+          }));
+        }
+      }
+    }, this);
+
+    if (inheritAll) {
+      // We have a property of the form: `"*": "$inherit"`
+      delete options['*'];
+      defaults(options, this.$$options);
+    }
+
+    // Finally add in any missing defaults
+    defaults(options, defaultModelOptions.$$options);
+
+    return new ModelOptions(options);
+  }
+};
+
+
+defaultModelOptions = new ModelOptions({
+  updateOn: '',
+  updateOnDefault: true,
+  debounce: 0,
+  getterSetter: false,
+  allowInvalid: false,
+  timezone: null
+});
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngModelOptions
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 10
+ *
+ * @description
+ * This directive allows you to modify the behaviour of {@link ngModel} directives within your
+ * application. You can specify an `ngModelOptions` directive on any element. All {@link ngModel}
+ * directives will use the options of their nearest `ngModelOptions` ancestor.
+ *
+ * The `ngModelOptions` settings are found by evaluating the value of the attribute directive as
+ * an AngularJS expression. This expression should evaluate to an object, whose properties contain
+ * the settings. For example: `<div ng-model-options="{ debounce: 100 }"`.
+ *
+ * ## Inheriting Options
+ *
+ * You can specify that an `ngModelOptions` setting should be inherited from a parent `ngModelOptions`
+ * directive by giving it the value of `"$inherit"`.
+ * Then it will inherit that setting from the first `ngModelOptions` directive found by traversing up the
+ * DOM tree. If there is no ancestor element containing an `ngModelOptions` directive then default settings
+ * will be used.
+ *
+ * For example given the following fragment of HTML
+ *
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <div ng-model-options="{ allowInvalid: true, debounce: 200 }">
+ *   <form ng-model-options="{ updateOn: 'blur', allowInvalid: '$inherit' }">
+ *     <input ng-model-options="{ updateOn: 'default', allowInvalid: '$inherit' }" />
+ *   </form>
+ * </div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * the `input` element will have the following settings
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * { allowInvalid: true, updateOn: 'default', debounce: 0 }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Notice that the `debounce` setting was not inherited and used the default value instead.
+ *
+ * You can specify that all undefined settings are automatically inherited from an ancestor by
+ * including a property with key of `"*"` and value of `"$inherit"`.
+ *
+ * For example given the following fragment of HTML
+ *
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <div ng-model-options="{ allowInvalid: true, debounce: 200 }">
+ *   <form ng-model-options="{ updateOn: 'blur', "*": '$inherit' }">
+ *     <input ng-model-options="{ updateOn: 'default', "*": '$inherit' }" />
+ *   </form>
+ * </div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * the `input` element will have the following settings
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * { allowInvalid: true, updateOn: 'default', debounce: 200 }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Notice that the `debounce` setting now inherits the value from the outer `<div>` element.
+ *
+ * If you are creating a reusable component then you should be careful when using `"*": "$inherit"`
+ * since you may inadvertently inherit a setting in the future that changes the behavior of your component.
+ *
+ *
+ * ## Triggering and debouncing model updates
+ *
+ * The `updateOn` and `debounce` properties allow you to specify a custom list of events that will
+ * trigger a model update and/or a debouncing delay so that the actual update only takes place when
+ * a timer expires; this timer will be reset after another change takes place.
+ *
+ * Given the nature of `ngModelOptions`, the value displayed inside input fields in the view might
+ * be different from the value in the actual model. This means that if you update the model you
+ * should also invoke {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$rollbackViewValue} on the relevant input field in
+ * order to make sure it is synchronized with the model and that any debounced action is canceled.
+ *
+ * The easiest way to reference the control's {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$rollbackViewValue}
+ * method is by making sure the input is placed inside a form that has a `name` attribute. This is
+ * important because `form` controllers are published to the related scope under the name in their
+ * `name` attribute.
+ *
+ * Any pending changes will take place immediately when an enclosing form is submitted via the
+ * `submit` event. Note that `ngClick` events will occur before the model is updated. Use `ngSubmit`
+ * to have access to the updated model.
+ *
+ * ### Overriding immediate updates
+ *
+ * The following example shows how to override immediate updates. Changes on the inputs within the
+ * form will update the model only when the control loses focus (blur event). If `escape` key is
+ * pressed while the input field is focused, the value is reset to the value in the current model.
+ *
+ * <example name="ngModelOptions-directive-blur" module="optionsExample">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *       <form name="userForm">
+ *         <label>
+ *           Name:
+ *           <input type="text" name="userName"
+ *                  ng-model="user.name"
+ *                  ng-model-options="{ updateOn: 'blur' }"
+ *                  ng-keyup="cancel($event)" />
+ *         </label><br />
+ *         <label>
+ *           Other data:
+ *           <input type="text" ng-model="user.data" />
+ *         </label><br />
+ *       </form>
+ *       <pre>user.name = <span ng-bind="user.name"></span></pre>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="app.js">
+ *     angular.module('optionsExample', [])
+ *       .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *         $scope.user = { name: 'say', data: '' };
+ *
+ *         $scope.cancel = function(e) {
+ *           if (e.keyCode === 27) {
+ *             $scope.userForm.userName.$rollbackViewValue();
+ *           }
+ *         };
+ *       }]);
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *     var model = element(by.binding('user.name'));
+ *     var input = element(by.model('user.name'));
+ *     var other = element(by.model('user.data'));
+ *
+ *     it('should allow custom events', function() {
+ *       input.sendKeys(' hello');
+ *       input.click();
+ *       expect(model.getText()).toEqual('say');
+ *       other.click();
+ *       expect(model.getText()).toEqual('say hello');
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     it('should $rollbackViewValue when model changes', function() {
+ *       input.sendKeys(' hello');
+ *       expect(input.getAttribute('value')).toEqual('say hello');
+ *       input.sendKeys(protractor.Key.ESCAPE);
+ *       expect(input.getAttribute('value')).toEqual('say');
+ *       other.click();
+ *       expect(model.getText()).toEqual('say');
+ *     });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ * ### Debouncing updates
+ *
+ * The next example shows how to debounce model changes. Model will be updated only 1 sec after last change.
+ * If the `Clear` button is pressed, any debounced action is canceled and the value becomes empty.
+ *
+ * <example name="ngModelOptions-directive-debounce" module="optionsExample">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *       <form name="userForm">
+ *         Name:
+ *         <input type="text" name="userName"
+ *                ng-model="user.name"
+ *                ng-model-options="{ debounce: 1000 }" />
+ *         <button ng-click="userForm.userName.$rollbackViewValue(); user.name=''">Clear</button><br />
+ *       </form>
+ *       <pre>user.name = <span ng-bind="user.name"></span></pre>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="app.js">
+ *     angular.module('optionsExample', [])
+ *       .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *         $scope.user = { name: 'say' };
+ *       }]);
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ * ### Default events, extra triggers, and catch-all debounce values
+ *
+ * This example shows the relationship between "default" update events and
+ * additional `updateOn` triggers.
+ *
+ * `default` events are those that are bound to the control, and when fired, update the `$viewValue`
+ * via {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$setViewValue $setViewValue}. Every event that is not listed
+ * in `updateOn` is considered a "default" event, since different control types have different
+ * default events.
+ *
+ * The control in this example updates by "default", "click", and "blur", with different `debounce`
+ * values. You can see that "click" doesn't have an individual `debounce` value -
+ * therefore it uses the `*` debounce value.
+ *
+ * There is also a button that calls {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$setViewValue $setViewValue}
+ * directly with a "custom" event. Since "custom" is not defined in the `updateOn` list,
+ * it is considered a "default" event and will update the
+ * control if "default" is defined in `updateOn`, and will receive the "default" debounce value.
+ * Note that this is just to illustrate how custom controls would possibly call `$setViewValue`.
+ *
+ * You can change the `updateOn` and `debounce` configuration to test different scenarios. This
+ * is done with {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$overrideModelOptions $overrideModelOptions}.
+ *
+  <example name="ngModelOptions-advanced" module="optionsExample">
+    <file name="index.html">
+       <model-update-demo></model-update-demo>
+    </file>
+    <file name="app.js">
+      angular.module('optionsExample', [])
+        .component('modelUpdateDemo', {
+          templateUrl: 'template.html',
+          controller: function() {
+            this.name = 'Chinua';
+
+            this.options = {
+              updateOn: 'default blur click',
+              debounce: {
+                default: 2000,
+                blur: 0,
+                '*': 1000
+              }
+            };
+
+            this.updateEvents = function() {
+              var eventList = this.options.updateOn.split(' ');
+              eventList.push('*');
+              var events = {};
+
+              for (var i = 0; i < eventList.length; i++) {
+                events[eventList[i]] = this.options.debounce[eventList[i]];
+              }
+
+              this.events = events;
+            };
+
+            this.updateOptions = function() {
+              var options = angular.extend(this.options, {
+                updateOn: Object.keys(this.events).join(' ').replace('*', ''),
+                debounce: this.events
+              });
+
+              this.form.input.$overrideModelOptions(options);
+            };
+
+            // Initialize the event form
+            this.updateEvents();
+          }
+        });
+    </file>
+    <file name="template.html">
+      <form name="$ctrl.form">
+        Input: <input type="text" name="input" ng-model="$ctrl.name" ng-model-options="$ctrl.options" />
+      </form>
+      Model: <tt>{{$ctrl.name}}</tt>
+      <hr>
+      <button ng-click="$ctrl.form.input.$setViewValue('some value', 'custom')">Trigger setViewValue with 'some value' and 'custom' event</button>
+
+      <hr>
+      <form ng-submit="$ctrl.updateOptions()">
+        <b>updateOn</b><br>
+        <input type="text" ng-model="$ctrl.options.updateOn" ng-change="$ctrl.updateEvents()" ng-model-options="{debounce: 500}">
+
+        <table>
+          <tr>
+            <th>Option</th>
+            <th>Debounce value</th>
+          </tr>
+          <tr ng-repeat="(key, value) in $ctrl.events">
+            <td>{{key}}</td>
+            <td><input type="number" ng-model="$ctrl.events[key]" /></td>
+          </tr>
+        </table>
+
+        <br>
+        <input type="submit" value="Update options">
+      </form>
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ *
+ *
+ * ## Model updates and validation
+ *
+ * The default behaviour in `ngModel` is that the model value is set to `undefined` when the
+ * validation determines that the value is invalid. By setting the `allowInvalid` property to true,
+ * the model will still be updated even if the value is invalid.
+ *
+ *
+ * ## Connecting to the scope
+ *
+ * By setting the `getterSetter` property to true you are telling ngModel that the `ngModel` expression
+ * on the scope refers to a "getter/setter" function rather than the value itself.
+ *
+ * The following example shows how to bind to getter/setters:
+ *
+ * <example name="ngModelOptions-directive-getter-setter" module="getterSetterExample">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *       <form name="userForm">
+ *         <label>
+ *           Name:
+ *           <input type="text" name="userName"
+ *                  ng-model="user.name"
+ *                  ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }" />
+ *         </label>
+ *       </form>
+ *       <pre>user.name = <span ng-bind="user.name()"></span></pre>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="app.js">
+ *     angular.module('getterSetterExample', [])
+ *       .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *         var _name = 'Brian';
+ *         $scope.user = {
+ *           name: function(newName) {
+ *             return angular.isDefined(newName) ? (_name = newName) : _name;
+ *           }
+ *         };
+ *       }]);
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ *
+ * ## Programmatically changing options
+ *
+ * The `ngModelOptions` expression is only evaluated once when the directive is linked; it is not
+ * watched for changes. However, it is possible to override the options on a single
+ * {@link ngModel.NgModelController} instance with
+ * {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$overrideModelOptions `NgModelController#$overrideModelOptions()`}.
+ * See also the example for
+ * {@link ngModelOptions#default-events-extra-triggers-and-catch-all-debounce-values
+ * Default events, extra triggers, and catch-all debounce values}.
+ *
+ *
+ * ## Specifying timezones
+ *
+ * You can specify the timezone that date/time input directives expect by providing its name in the
+ * `timezone` property.
+ *
+ *
+ * ## Formatting the value of `time` and `datetime-local`
+ *
+ * With the options `timeSecondsFormat` and `timeStripZeroSeconds` it is possible to adjust the value
+ * that is displayed in the control. Note that browsers may apply their own formatting
+ * in the user interface.
+ *
+   <example name="ngModelOptions-time-format" module="timeExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <time-example></time-example>
+     </file>
+     <file name="script.js">
+        angular.module('timeExample', [])
+          .component('timeExample', {
+            templateUrl: 'timeExample.html',
+            controller: function() {
+              this.time = new Date(1970, 0, 1, 14, 57, 0);
+
+              this.options = {
+                timeSecondsFormat: 'ss',
+                timeStripZeroSeconds: true
+              };
+
+              this.optionChange = function() {
+                this.timeForm.timeFormatted.$overrideModelOptions(this.options);
+                this.time = new Date(this.time);
+              };
+            }
+          });
+     </file>
+     <file name="timeExample.html">
+       <form name="$ctrl.timeForm">
+         <strong>Default</strong>:
+         <input type="time" ng-model="$ctrl.time" step="any" /><br>
+         <strong>With options</strong>:
+         <input type="time" name="timeFormatted" ng-model="$ctrl.time" step="any" ng-model-options="$ctrl.options" />
+         <br>
+
+         Options:<br>
+         <code>timeSecondsFormat</code>:
+         <input
+           type="text"
+           ng-model="$ctrl.options.timeSecondsFormat"
+           ng-change="$ctrl.optionChange()">
+         <br>
+         <code>timeStripZeroSeconds</code>:
+         <input
+           type="checkbox"
+           ng-model="$ctrl.options.timeStripZeroSeconds"
+           ng-change="$ctrl.optionChange()">
+        </form>
+      </file>
+ *  </example>
+ *
+ * @param {Object} ngModelOptions options to apply to {@link ngModel} directives on this element and
+ *   and its descendents.
+ *
+ * **General options**:
+ *
+ *   - `updateOn`: string specifying which event should the input be bound to. You can set several
+ *     events using an space delimited list. There is a special event called `default` that
+ *     matches the default events belonging to the control. These are the events that are bound to
+ *     the control, and when fired, update the `$viewValue` via `$setViewValue`.
+ *
+ *     `ngModelOptions` considers every event that is not listed in `updateOn` a "default" event,
+ *     since different control types use different default events.
+ *
+ *     See also the section {@link ngModelOptions#triggering-and-debouncing-model-updates
+ *     Triggering and debouncing model updates}.
+ *
+ *   - `debounce`: integer value which contains the debounce model update value in milliseconds. A
+ *     value of 0 triggers an immediate update. If an object is supplied instead, you can specify a
+ *     custom value for each event. For example:
+ *     ```
+ *     ng-model-options="{
+ *       updateOn: 'default blur',
+ *       debounce: { 'default': 500, 'blur': 0 }
+ *     }"
+ *     ```
+ *     You can use the `*` key to specify a debounce value that applies to all events that are not
+ *     specifically listed. In the following example, `mouseup` would have a debounce delay of 1000:
+ *     ```
+ *     ng-model-options="{
+ *       updateOn: 'default blur mouseup',
+ *       debounce: { 'default': 500, 'blur': 0, '*': 1000 }
+ *     }"
+ *     ```
+ *   - `allowInvalid`: boolean value which indicates that the model can be set with values that did
+ *     not validate correctly instead of the default behavior of setting the model to undefined.
+ *   - `getterSetter`: boolean value which determines whether or not to treat functions bound to
+ *     `ngModel` as getters/setters.
+ *
+ *
+ *  **Input-type specific options**:
+ *
+ *   - `timezone`: Defines the timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model for
+ *     `<input type="date" />`, `<input type="time" />`, ... . It understands UTC/GMT and the
+ *     continental US time zone abbreviations, but for general use, use a time zone offset, for
+ *     example, `'+0430'` (4 hours, 30 minutes east of the Greenwich meridian)
+ *     If not specified, the timezone of the browser will be used.
+ *     Note that changing the timezone will have no effect on the current date, and is only applied after
+ *     the next input / model change.
+ *
+ *   - `timeSecondsFormat`: Defines if the `time` and `datetime-local` types should show seconds and
+ *     milliseconds. The option follows the format string of {@link date date filter}.
+ *     By default, the options is `undefined` which is equal to `'ss.sss'` (seconds and milliseconds).
+ *     The other options are `'ss'` (strips milliseconds), and `''` (empty string), which strips both
+ *     seconds and milliseconds.
+ *     Note that browsers that support `time` and `datetime-local` require the hour and minutes
+ *     part of the time string, and may show the value differently in the user interface.
+ *     {@link ngModelOptions#formatting-the-value-of-time-and-datetime-local- See the example}.
+ *
+ *   - `timeStripZeroSeconds`: Defines if the `time` and `datetime-local` types should strip the
+ *     seconds and milliseconds from the formatted value if they are zero. This option is applied
+ *     after `timeSecondsFormat`.
+ *     This option can be used to make the formatting consistent over different browsers, as some
+ *     browsers with support for `time` will natively hide the milliseconds and
+ *     seconds if they are zero, but others won't, and browsers that don't implement these input
+ *     types will always show the full string.
+ *     {@link ngModelOptions#formatting-the-value-of-time-and-datetime-local- See the example}.
+ *
+ */
+var ngModelOptionsDirective = function() {
+  NgModelOptionsController.$inject = ['$attrs', '$scope'];
+  function NgModelOptionsController($attrs, $scope) {
+    this.$$attrs = $attrs;
+    this.$$scope = $scope;
+  }
+  NgModelOptionsController.prototype = {
+    $onInit: function() {
+      var parentOptions = this.parentCtrl ? this.parentCtrl.$options : defaultModelOptions;
+      var modelOptionsDefinition = this.$$scope.$eval(this.$$attrs.ngModelOptions);
+
+      this.$options = parentOptions.createChild(modelOptionsDefinition);
+    }
+  };
+
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    // ngModelOptions needs to run before ngModel and input directives
+    priority: 10,
+    require: {parentCtrl: '?^^ngModelOptions'},
+    bindToController: true,
+    controller: NgModelOptionsController
+  };
+};
+
+
+// shallow copy over values from `src` that are not already specified on `dst`
+function defaults(dst, src) {
+  forEach(src, function(value, key) {
+    if (!isDefined(dst[key])) {
+      dst[key] = value;
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngNonBindable
+ * @restrict AC
+ * @priority 1000
+ * @element ANY
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngNonBindable` directive tells AngularJS not to compile or bind the contents of the current
+ * DOM element, including directives on the element itself that have a lower priority than
+ * `ngNonBindable`. This is useful if the element contains what appears to be AngularJS directives
+ * and bindings but which should be ignored by AngularJS. This could be the case if you have a site
+ * that displays snippets of code, for instance.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * In this example there are two locations where a simple interpolation binding (`{{}}`) is present,
+ * but the one wrapped in `ngNonBindable` is left alone.
+ *
+  <example name="ng-non-bindable">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div>Normal: {{1 + 2}}</div>
+      <div ng-non-bindable>Ignored: {{1 + 2}}</div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+     it('should check ng-non-bindable', function() {
+       expect(element(by.binding('1 + 2')).getText()).toContain('3');
+       expect(element.all(by.css('div')).last().getText()).toMatch(/1 \+ 2/);
+     });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+var ngNonBindableDirective = ngDirective({ terminal: true, priority: 1000 });
+
+/* exported ngOptionsDirective */
+
+/* global jqLiteRemove */
+
+var ngOptionsMinErr = minErr('ngOptions');
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngOptions
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * The `ngOptions` attribute can be used to dynamically generate a list of `<option>`
+ * elements for the `<select>` element using the array or object obtained by evaluating the
+ * `ngOptions` comprehension expression.
+ *
+ * In many cases, {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat} can be used on `<option>` elements instead of
+ * `ngOptions` to achieve a similar result. However, `ngOptions` provides some benefits:
+ * - more flexibility in how the `<select>`'s model is assigned via the `select` **`as`** part of the
+ * comprehension expression
+ * - reduced memory consumption by not creating a new scope for each repeated instance
+ * - increased render speed by creating the options in a documentFragment instead of individually
+ *
+ * When an item in the `<select>` menu is selected, the array element or object property
+ * represented by the selected option will be bound to the model identified by the `ngModel`
+ * directive.
+ *
+ * Optionally, a single hard-coded `<option>` element, with the value set to an empty string, can
+ * be nested into the `<select>` element. This element will then represent the `null` or "not selected"
+ * option. See example below for demonstration.
+ *
+ * ## Complex Models (objects or collections)
+ *
+ * By default, `ngModel` watches the model by reference, not value. This is important to know when
+ * binding the select to a model that is an object or a collection.
+ *
+ * One issue occurs if you want to preselect an option. For example, if you set
+ * the model to an object that is equal to an object in your collection, `ngOptions` won't be able to set the selection,
+ * because the objects are not identical. So by default, you should always reference the item in your collection
+ * for preselections, e.g.: `$scope.selected = $scope.collection[3]`.
+ *
+ * Another solution is to use a `track by` clause, because then `ngOptions` will track the identity
+ * of the item not by reference, but by the result of the `track by` expression. For example, if your
+ * collection items have an id property, you would `track by item.id`.
+ *
+ * A different issue with objects or collections is that ngModel won't detect if an object property or
+ * a collection item changes. For that reason, `ngOptions` additionally watches the model using
+ * `$watchCollection`, when the expression contains a `track by` clause or the the select has the `multiple` attribute.
+ * This allows ngOptions to trigger a re-rendering of the options even if the actual object/collection
+ * has not changed identity, but only a property on the object or an item in the collection changes.
+ *
+ * Note that `$watchCollection` does a shallow comparison of the properties of the object (or the items in the collection
+ * if the model is an array). This means that changing a property deeper than the first level inside the
+ * object/collection will not trigger a re-rendering.
+ *
+ * ## `select` **`as`**
+ *
+ * Using `select` **`as`** will bind the result of the `select` expression to the model, but
+ * the value of the `<select>` and `<option>` html elements will be either the index (for array data sources)
+ * or property name (for object data sources) of the value within the collection. If a **`track by`** expression
+ * is used, the result of that expression will be set as the value of the `option` and `select` elements.
+ *
+ *
+ * ### `select` **`as`** and **`track by`**
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * Be careful when using `select` **`as`** and **`track by`** in the same expression.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * Given this array of items on the $scope:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * $scope.items = [{
+ *   id: 1,
+ *   label: 'aLabel',
+ *   subItem: { name: 'aSubItem' }
+ * }, {
+ *   id: 2,
+ *   label: 'bLabel',
+ *   subItem: { name: 'bSubItem' }
+ * }];
+ * ```
+ *
+ * This will work:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <select ng-options="item as item.label for item in items track by item.id" ng-model="selected"></select>
+ * ```
+ * ```js
+ * $scope.selected = $scope.items[0];
+ * ```
+ *
+ * but this will not work:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <select ng-options="item.subItem as item.label for item in items track by item.id" ng-model="selected"></select>
+ * ```
+ * ```js
+ * $scope.selected = $scope.items[0].subItem;
+ * ```
+ *
+ * In both examples, the **`track by`** expression is applied successfully to each `item` in the
+ * `items` array. Because the selected option has been set programmatically in the controller, the
+ * **`track by`** expression is also applied to the `ngModel` value. In the first example, the
+ * `ngModel` value is `items[0]` and the **`track by`** expression evaluates to `items[0].id` with
+ * no issue. In the second example, the `ngModel` value is `items[0].subItem` and the **`track by`**
+ * expression evaluates to `items[0].subItem.id` (which is undefined). As a result, the model value
+ * is not matched against any `<option>` and the `<select>` appears as having no selected value.
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+ * @param {comprehension_expression} ngOptions in one of the following forms:
+ *
+ *   * for array data sources:
+ *     * `label` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
+ *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
+ *     * `label` **`group by`** `group` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
+ *     * `label` **`disable when`** `disable` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
+ *     * `label` **`group by`** `group` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array` **`track by`** `trackexpr`
+ *     * `label` **`disable when`** `disable` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array` **`track by`** `trackexpr`
+ *     * `label` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array` | orderBy:`orderexpr` **`track by`** `trackexpr`
+ *        (for including a filter with `track by`)
+ *   * for object data sources:
+ *     * `label` **`for (`**`key` **`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
+ *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`for (`**`key` **`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
+ *     * `label` **`group by`** `group` **`for (`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
+ *     * `label` **`disable when`** `disable` **`for (`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
+ *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`group by`** `group`
+ *         **`for` `(`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
+ *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`disable when`** `disable`
+ *         **`for` `(`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
+ *
+ * Where:
+ *
+ *   * `array` / `object`: an expression which evaluates to an array / object to iterate over.
+ *   * `value`: local variable which will refer to each item in the `array` or each property value
+ *      of `object` during iteration.
+ *   * `key`: local variable which will refer to a property name in `object` during iteration.
+ *   * `label`: The result of this expression will be the label for `<option>` element. The
+ *     `expression` will most likely refer to the `value` variable (e.g. `value.propertyName`).
+ *   * `select`: The result of this expression will be bound to the model of the parent `<select>`
+ *      element. If not specified, `select` expression will default to `value`.
+ *   * `group`: The result of this expression will be used to group options using the `<optgroup>`
+ *      DOM element.
+ *   * `disable`: The result of this expression will be used to disable the rendered `<option>`
+ *      element. Return `true` to disable.
+ *   * `trackexpr`: Used when working with an array of objects. The result of this expression will be
+ *      used to identify the objects in the array. The `trackexpr` will most likely refer to the
+ *     `value` variable (e.g. `value.propertyName`). With this the selection is preserved
+ *      even when the options are recreated (e.g. reloaded from the server).
+ * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+ * @param {string=} required The control is considered valid only if value is entered.
+ * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+ *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+ *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+ * @param {string=} ngAttrSize sets the size of the select element dynamically. Uses the
+ * {@link guide/interpolation#-ngattr-for-binding-to-arbitrary-attributes ngAttr} directive.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example module="selectExample" name="select">
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <script>
+        angular.module('selectExample', [])
+          .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+            $scope.colors = [
+              {name:'black', shade:'dark'},
+              {name:'white', shade:'light', notAnOption: true},
+              {name:'red', shade:'dark'},
+              {name:'blue', shade:'dark', notAnOption: true},
+              {name:'yellow', shade:'light', notAnOption: false}
+            ];
+            $scope.myColor = $scope.colors[2]; // red
+          }]);
+        </script>
+        <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+          <ul>
+            <li ng-repeat="color in colors">
+              <label>Name: <input ng-model="color.name"></label>
+              <label><input type="checkbox" ng-model="color.notAnOption"> Disabled?</label>
+              <button ng-click="colors.splice($index, 1)" aria-label="Remove">X</button>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <button ng-click="colors.push({})">add</button>
+            </li>
+          </ul>
+          <hr/>
+          <label>Color (null not allowed):
+            <select ng-model="myColor" ng-options="color.name for color in colors"></select>
+          </label><br/>
+          <label>Color (null allowed):
+          <span  class="nullable">
+            <select ng-model="myColor" ng-options="color.name for color in colors">
+              <option value="">-- choose color --</option>
+            </select>
+          </span></label><br/>
+
+          <label>Color grouped by shade:
+            <select ng-model="myColor" ng-options="color.name group by color.shade for color in colors">
+            </select>
+          </label><br/>
+
+          <label>Color grouped by shade, with some disabled:
+            <select ng-model="myColor"
+                  ng-options="color.name group by color.shade disable when color.notAnOption for color in colors">
+            </select>
+          </label><br/>
+
+
+
+          Select <button ng-click="myColor = { name:'not in list', shade: 'other' }">bogus</button>.
+          <br/>
+          <hr/>
+          Currently selected: {{ {selected_color:myColor} }}
+          <div style="border:solid 1px black; height:20px"
+               ng-style="{'background-color':myColor.name}">
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+         it('should check ng-options', function() {
+           expect(element(by.binding('{selected_color:myColor}')).getText()).toMatch('red');
+           element.all(by.model('myColor')).first().click();
+           element.all(by.css('select[ng-model="myColor"] option')).first().click();
+           expect(element(by.binding('{selected_color:myColor}')).getText()).toMatch('black');
+           element(by.css('.nullable select[ng-model="myColor"]')).click();
+           element.all(by.css('.nullable select[ng-model="myColor"] option')).first().click();
+           expect(element(by.binding('{selected_color:myColor}')).getText()).toMatch('null');
+         });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
+
+/* eslint-disable max-len */
+//                     //00001111111111000000000002222222222000000000000000000000333333333300000000000000000000000004444444444400000000000005555555555555000000000666666666666600000007777777777777000000000000000888888888800000000000000000009999999999
+var NG_OPTIONS_REGEXP = /^\s*([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+as\s+([\s\S]+?))?(?:\s+group\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?(?:\s+disable\s+when\s+([\s\S]+?))?\s+for\s+(?:([$\w][$\w]*)|(?:\(\s*([$\w][$\w]*)\s*,\s*([$\w][$\w]*)\s*\)))\s+in\s+([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+track\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?$/;
+                        // 1: value expression (valueFn)
+                        // 2: label expression (displayFn)
+                        // 3: group by expression (groupByFn)
+                        // 4: disable when expression (disableWhenFn)
+                        // 5: array item variable name
+                        // 6: object item key variable name
+                        // 7: object item value variable name
+                        // 8: collection expression
+                        // 9: track by expression
+/* eslint-enable */
+
+
+var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$document', '$parse', function($compile, $document, $parse) {
+
+  function parseOptionsExpression(optionsExp, selectElement, scope) {
+
+    var match = optionsExp.match(NG_OPTIONS_REGEXP);
+    if (!(match)) {
+      throw ngOptionsMinErr('iexp',
+        'Expected expression in form of ' +
+        '\'_select_ (as _label_)? for (_key_,)?_value_ in _collection_\'' +
+        ' but got \'{0}\'. Element: {1}',
+        optionsExp, startingTag(selectElement));
+    }
+
+    // Extract the parts from the ngOptions expression
+
+    // The variable name for the value of the item in the collection
+    var valueName = match[5] || match[7];
+    // The variable name for the key of the item in the collection
+    var keyName = match[6];
+
+    // An expression that generates the viewValue for an option if there is a label expression
+    var selectAs = / as /.test(match[0]) && match[1];
+    // An expression that is used to track the id of each object in the options collection
+    var trackBy = match[9];
+    // An expression that generates the viewValue for an option if there is no label expression
+    var valueFn = $parse(match[2] ? match[1] : valueName);
+    var selectAsFn = selectAs && $parse(selectAs);
+    var viewValueFn = selectAsFn || valueFn;
+    var trackByFn = trackBy && $parse(trackBy);
+
+    // Get the value by which we are going to track the option
+    // if we have a trackFn then use that (passing scope and locals)
+    // otherwise just hash the given viewValue
+    var getTrackByValueFn = trackBy ?
+                              function(value, locals) { return trackByFn(scope, locals); } :
+                              function getHashOfValue(value) { return hashKey(value); };
+    var getTrackByValue = function(value, key) {
+      return getTrackByValueFn(value, getLocals(value, key));
+    };
+
+    var displayFn = $parse(match[2] || match[1]);
+    var groupByFn = $parse(match[3] || '');
+    var disableWhenFn = $parse(match[4] || '');
+    var valuesFn = $parse(match[8]);
+
+    var locals = {};
+    var getLocals = keyName ? function(value, key) {
+      locals[keyName] = key;
+      locals[valueName] = value;
+      return locals;
+    } : function(value) {
+      locals[valueName] = value;
+      return locals;
+    };
+
+
+    function Option(selectValue, viewValue, label, group, disabled) {
+      this.selectValue = selectValue;
+      this.viewValue = viewValue;
+      this.label = label;
+      this.group = group;
+      this.disabled = disabled;
+    }
+
+    function getOptionValuesKeys(optionValues) {
+      var optionValuesKeys;
+
+      if (!keyName && isArrayLike(optionValues)) {
+        optionValuesKeys = optionValues;
+      } else {
+        // if object, extract keys, in enumeration order, unsorted
+        optionValuesKeys = [];
+        for (var itemKey in optionValues) {
+          if (optionValues.hasOwnProperty(itemKey) && itemKey.charAt(0) !== '$') {
+            optionValuesKeys.push(itemKey);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return optionValuesKeys;
+    }
+
+    return {
+      trackBy: trackBy,
+      getTrackByValue: getTrackByValue,
+      getWatchables: $parse(valuesFn, function(optionValues) {
+        // Create a collection of things that we would like to watch (watchedArray)
+        // so that they can all be watched using a single $watchCollection
+        // that only runs the handler once if anything changes
+        var watchedArray = [];
+        optionValues = optionValues || [];
+
+        var optionValuesKeys = getOptionValuesKeys(optionValues);
+        var optionValuesLength = optionValuesKeys.length;
+        for (var index = 0; index < optionValuesLength; index++) {
+          var key = (optionValues === optionValuesKeys) ? index : optionValuesKeys[index];
+          var value = optionValues[key];
+
+          var locals = getLocals(value, key);
+          var selectValue = getTrackByValueFn(value, locals);
+          watchedArray.push(selectValue);
+
+          // Only need to watch the displayFn if there is a specific label expression
+          if (match[2] || match[1]) {
+            var label = displayFn(scope, locals);
+            watchedArray.push(label);
+          }
+
+          // Only need to watch the disableWhenFn if there is a specific disable expression
+          if (match[4]) {
+            var disableWhen = disableWhenFn(scope, locals);
+            watchedArray.push(disableWhen);
+          }
+        }
+        return watchedArray;
+      }),
+
+      getOptions: function() {
+
+        var optionItems = [];
+        var selectValueMap = {};
+
+        // The option values were already computed in the `getWatchables` fn,
+        // which must have been called to trigger `getOptions`
+        var optionValues = valuesFn(scope) || [];
+        var optionValuesKeys = getOptionValuesKeys(optionValues);
+        var optionValuesLength = optionValuesKeys.length;
+
+        for (var index = 0; index < optionValuesLength; index++) {
+          var key = (optionValues === optionValuesKeys) ? index : optionValuesKeys[index];
+          var value = optionValues[key];
+          var locals = getLocals(value, key);
+          var viewValue = viewValueFn(scope, locals);
+          var selectValue = getTrackByValueFn(viewValue, locals);
+          var label = displayFn(scope, locals);
+          var group = groupByFn(scope, locals);
+          var disabled = disableWhenFn(scope, locals);
+          var optionItem = new Option(selectValue, viewValue, label, group, disabled);
+
+          optionItems.push(optionItem);
+          selectValueMap[selectValue] = optionItem;
+        }
+
+        return {
+          items: optionItems,
+          selectValueMap: selectValueMap,
+          getOptionFromViewValue: function(value) {
+            return selectValueMap[getTrackByValue(value)];
+          },
+          getViewValueFromOption: function(option) {
+            // If the viewValue could be an object that may be mutated by the application,
+            // we need to make a copy and not return the reference to the value on the option.
+            return trackBy ? copy(option.viewValue) : option.viewValue;
+          }
+        };
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+
+  // Support: IE 9 only
+  // We can't just jqLite('<option>') since jqLite is not smart enough
+  // to create it in <select> and IE barfs otherwise.
+  var optionTemplate = window.document.createElement('option'),
+      optGroupTemplate = window.document.createElement('optgroup');
+
+    function ngOptionsPostLink(scope, selectElement, attr, ctrls) {
+
+      var selectCtrl = ctrls[0];
+      var ngModelCtrl = ctrls[1];
+      var multiple = attr.multiple;
+
+      // The emptyOption allows the application developer to provide their own custom "empty"
+      // option when the viewValue does not match any of the option values.
+      for (var i = 0, children = selectElement.children(), ii = children.length; i < ii; i++) {
+        if (children[i].value === '') {
+          selectCtrl.hasEmptyOption = true;
+          selectCtrl.emptyOption = children.eq(i);
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // The empty option will be compiled and rendered before we first generate the options
+      selectElement.empty();
+
+      var providedEmptyOption = !!selectCtrl.emptyOption;
+
+      var unknownOption = jqLite(optionTemplate.cloneNode(false));
+      unknownOption.val('?');
+
+      var options;
+      var ngOptions = parseOptionsExpression(attr.ngOptions, selectElement, scope);
+      // This stores the newly created options before they are appended to the select.
+      // Since the contents are removed from the fragment when it is appended,
+      // we only need to create it once.
+      var listFragment = $document[0].createDocumentFragment();
+
+      // Overwrite the implementation. ngOptions doesn't use hashes
+      selectCtrl.generateUnknownOptionValue = function(val) {
+        return '?';
+      };
+
+      // Update the controller methods for multiple selectable options
+      if (!multiple) {
+
+        selectCtrl.writeValue = function writeNgOptionsValue(value) {
+          // The options might not be defined yet when ngModel tries to render
+          if (!options) return;
+
+          var selectedOption = selectElement[0].options[selectElement[0].selectedIndex];
+          var option = options.getOptionFromViewValue(value);
+
+          // Make sure to remove the selected attribute from the previously selected option
+          // Otherwise, screen readers might get confused
+          if (selectedOption) selectedOption.removeAttribute('selected');
+
+          if (option) {
+            // Don't update the option when it is already selected.
+            // For example, the browser will select the first option by default. In that case,
+            // most properties are set automatically - except the `selected` attribute, which we
+            // set always
+
+            if (selectElement[0].value !== option.selectValue) {
+              selectCtrl.removeUnknownOption();
+
+              selectElement[0].value = option.selectValue;
+              option.element.selected = true;
+            }
+
+            option.element.setAttribute('selected', 'selected');
+          } else {
+            selectCtrl.selectUnknownOrEmptyOption(value);
+          }
+        };
+
+        selectCtrl.readValue = function readNgOptionsValue() {
+
+          var selectedOption = options.selectValueMap[selectElement.val()];
+
+          if (selectedOption && !selectedOption.disabled) {
+            selectCtrl.unselectEmptyOption();
+            selectCtrl.removeUnknownOption();
+            return options.getViewValueFromOption(selectedOption);
+          }
+          return null;
+        };
+
+        // If we are using `track by` then we must watch the tracked value on the model
+        // since ngModel only watches for object identity change
+        // FIXME: When a user selects an option, this watch will fire needlessly
+        if (ngOptions.trackBy) {
+          scope.$watch(
+            function() { return ngOptions.getTrackByValue(ngModelCtrl.$viewValue); },
+            function() { ngModelCtrl.$render(); }
+          );
+        }
+
+      } else {
+
+        selectCtrl.writeValue = function writeNgOptionsMultiple(values) {
+          // The options might not be defined yet when ngModel tries to render
+          if (!options) return;
+
+          // Only set `<option>.selected` if necessary, in order to prevent some browsers from
+          // scrolling to `<option>` elements that are outside the `<select>` element's viewport.
+          var selectedOptions = values && values.map(getAndUpdateSelectedOption) || [];
+
+          options.items.forEach(function(option) {
+            if (option.element.selected && !includes(selectedOptions, option)) {
+              option.element.selected = false;
+            }
+          });
+        };
+
+
+        selectCtrl.readValue = function readNgOptionsMultiple() {
+          var selectedValues = selectElement.val() || [],
+              selections = [];
+
+          forEach(selectedValues, function(value) {
+            var option = options.selectValueMap[value];
+            if (option && !option.disabled) selections.push(options.getViewValueFromOption(option));
+          });
+
+          return selections;
+        };
+
+        // If we are using `track by` then we must watch these tracked values on the model
+        // since ngModel only watches for object identity change
+        if (ngOptions.trackBy) {
+
+          scope.$watchCollection(function() {
+            if (isArray(ngModelCtrl.$viewValue)) {
+              return ngModelCtrl.$viewValue.map(function(value) {
+                return ngOptions.getTrackByValue(value);
+              });
+            }
+          }, function() {
+            ngModelCtrl.$render();
+          });
+
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (providedEmptyOption) {
+
+        // compile the element since there might be bindings in it
+        $compile(selectCtrl.emptyOption)(scope);
+
+        selectElement.prepend(selectCtrl.emptyOption);
+
+        if (selectCtrl.emptyOption[0].nodeType === NODE_TYPE_COMMENT) {
+          // This means the empty option has currently no actual DOM node, probably because
+          // it has been modified by a transclusion directive.
+          selectCtrl.hasEmptyOption = false;
+
+          // Redefine the registerOption function, which will catch
+          // options that are added by ngIf etc. (rendering of the node is async because of
+          // lazy transclusion)
+          selectCtrl.registerOption = function(optionScope, optionEl) {
+            if (optionEl.val() === '') {
+              selectCtrl.hasEmptyOption = true;
+              selectCtrl.emptyOption = optionEl;
+              selectCtrl.emptyOption.removeClass('ng-scope');
+              // This ensures the new empty option is selected if previously no option was selected
+              ngModelCtrl.$render();
+
+              optionEl.on('$destroy', function() {
+                var needsRerender = selectCtrl.$isEmptyOptionSelected();
+
+                selectCtrl.hasEmptyOption = false;
+                selectCtrl.emptyOption = undefined;
+
+                if (needsRerender) ngModelCtrl.$render();
+              });
+            }
+          };
+
+        } else {
+          // remove the class, which is added automatically because we recompile the element and it
+          // becomes the compilation root
+          selectCtrl.emptyOption.removeClass('ng-scope');
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      // We will re-render the option elements if the option values or labels change
+      scope.$watchCollection(ngOptions.getWatchables, updateOptions);
+
+      // ------------------------------------------------------------------ //
+
+      function addOptionElement(option, parent) {
+        var optionElement = optionTemplate.cloneNode(false);
+        parent.appendChild(optionElement);
+        updateOptionElement(option, optionElement);
+      }
+
+      function getAndUpdateSelectedOption(viewValue) {
+        var option = options.getOptionFromViewValue(viewValue);
+        var element = option && option.element;
+
+        if (element && !element.selected) element.selected = true;
+
+        return option;
+      }
+
+      function updateOptionElement(option, element) {
+        option.element = element;
+        element.disabled = option.disabled;
+        // Support: IE 11 only, Edge 12-13 only
+        // NOTE: The label must be set before the value, otherwise IE 11 & Edge create unresponsive
+        // selects in certain circumstances when multiple selects are next to each other and display
+        // the option list in listbox style, i.e. the select is [multiple], or specifies a [size].
+        // See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/11314 for more info.
+        // This is unfortunately untestable with unit / e2e tests
+        if (option.label !== element.label) {
+          element.label = option.label;
+          element.textContent = option.label;
+        }
+        element.value = option.selectValue;
+      }
+
+      function updateOptions() {
+        var previousValue = options && selectCtrl.readValue();
+
+        // We must remove all current options, but cannot simply set innerHTML = null
+        // since the providedEmptyOption might have an ngIf on it that inserts comments which we
+        // must preserve.
+        // Instead, iterate over the current option elements and remove them or their optgroup
+        // parents
+        if (options) {
+
+          for (var i = options.items.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            var option = options.items[i];
+            if (isDefined(option.group)) {
+              jqLiteRemove(option.element.parentNode);
+            } else {
+              jqLiteRemove(option.element);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        options = ngOptions.getOptions();
+
+        var groupElementMap = {};
+
+        options.items.forEach(function addOption(option) {
+          var groupElement;
+
+          if (isDefined(option.group)) {
+
+            // This option is to live in a group
+            // See if we have already created this group
+            groupElement = groupElementMap[option.group];
+
+            if (!groupElement) {
+
+              groupElement = optGroupTemplate.cloneNode(false);
+              listFragment.appendChild(groupElement);
+
+              // Update the label on the group element
+              // "null" is special cased because of Safari
+              groupElement.label = option.group === null ? 'null' : option.group;
+
+              // Store it for use later
+              groupElementMap[option.group] = groupElement;
+            }
+
+            addOptionElement(option, groupElement);
+
+          } else {
+
+            // This option is not in a group
+            addOptionElement(option, listFragment);
+          }
+        });
+
+        selectElement[0].appendChild(listFragment);
+
+        ngModelCtrl.$render();
+
+        // Check to see if the value has changed due to the update to the options
+        if (!ngModelCtrl.$isEmpty(previousValue)) {
+          var nextValue = selectCtrl.readValue();
+          var isNotPrimitive = ngOptions.trackBy || multiple;
+          if (isNotPrimitive ? !equals(previousValue, nextValue) : previousValue !== nextValue) {
+            ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue(nextValue);
+            ngModelCtrl.$render();
+          }
+        }
+      }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    terminal: true,
+    require: ['select', 'ngModel'],
+    link: {
+      pre: function ngOptionsPreLink(scope, selectElement, attr, ctrls) {
+        // Deactivate the SelectController.register method to prevent
+        // option directives from accidentally registering themselves
+        // (and unwanted $destroy handlers etc.)
+        ctrls[0].registerOption = noop;
+      },
+      post: ngOptionsPostLink
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngPluralize
+ * @restrict EA
+ *
+ * @description
+ * `ngPluralize` is a directive that displays messages according to en-US localization rules.
+ * These rules are bundled with angular.js, but can be overridden
+ * (see {@link guide/i18n AngularJS i18n} dev guide). You configure ngPluralize directive
+ * by specifying the mappings between
+ * [plural categories](http://unicode.org/repos/cldr-tmp/trunk/diff/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html)
+ * and the strings to be displayed.
+ *
+ * ## Plural categories and explicit number rules
+ * There are two
+ * [plural categories](http://unicode.org/repos/cldr-tmp/trunk/diff/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html)
+ * in AngularJS's default en-US locale: "one" and "other".
+ *
+ * While a plural category may match many numbers (for example, in en-US locale, "other" can match
+ * any number that is not 1), an explicit number rule can only match one number. For example, the
+ * explicit number rule for "3" matches the number 3. There are examples of plural categories
+ * and explicit number rules throughout the rest of this documentation.
+ *
+ * ## Configuring ngPluralize
+ * You configure ngPluralize by providing 2 attributes: `count` and `when`.
+ * You can also provide an optional attribute, `offset`.
+ *
+ * The value of the `count` attribute can be either a string or an {@link guide/expression
+ * AngularJS expression}; these are evaluated on the current scope for its bound value.
+ *
+ * The `when` attribute specifies the mappings between plural categories and the actual
+ * string to be displayed. The value of the attribute should be a JSON object.
+ *
+ * The following example shows how to configure ngPluralize:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ng-pluralize count="personCount"
+                 when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
+ *                      'one': '1 person is viewing.',
+ *                      'other': '{} people are viewing.'}">
+ * </ng-pluralize>
+ *```
+ *
+ * In the example, `"0: Nobody is viewing."` is an explicit number rule. If you did not
+ * specify this rule, 0 would be matched to the "other" category and "0 people are viewing"
+ * would be shown instead of "Nobody is viewing". You can specify an explicit number rule for
+ * other numbers, for example 12, so that instead of showing "12 people are viewing", you can
+ * show "a dozen people are viewing".
+ *
+ * You can use a set of closed braces (`{}`) as a placeholder for the number that you want substituted
+ * into pluralized strings. In the previous example, AngularJS will replace `{}` with
+ * <span ng-non-bindable>`{{personCount}}`</span>. The closed braces `{}` is a placeholder
+ * for <span ng-non-bindable>{{numberExpression}}</span>.
+ *
+ * If no rule is defined for a category, then an empty string is displayed and a warning is generated.
+ * Note that some locales define more categories than `one` and `other`. For example, fr-fr defines `few` and `many`.
+ *
+ * ## Configuring ngPluralize with offset
+ * The `offset` attribute allows further customization of pluralized text, which can result in
+ * a better user experience. For example, instead of the message "4 people are viewing this document",
+ * you might display "John, Kate and 2 others are viewing this document".
+ * The offset attribute allows you to offset a number by any desired value.
+ * Let's take a look at an example:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ng-pluralize count="personCount" offset=2
+ *               when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
+ *                      '1': '{{person1}} is viewing.',
+ *                      '2': '{{person1}} and {{person2}} are viewing.',
+ *                      'one': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and one other person are viewing.',
+ *                      'other': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and {} other people are viewing.'}">
+ * </ng-pluralize>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Notice that we are still using two plural categories(one, other), but we added
+ * three explicit number rules 0, 1 and 2.
+ * When one person, perhaps John, views the document, "John is viewing" will be shown.
+ * When three people view the document, no explicit number rule is found, so
+ * an offset of 2 is taken off 3, and AngularJS uses 1 to decide the plural category.
+ * In this case, plural category 'one' is matched and "John, Mary and one other person are viewing"
+ * is shown.
+ *
+ * Note that when you specify offsets, you must provide explicit number rules for
+ * numbers from 0 up to and including the offset. If you use an offset of 3, for example,
+ * you must provide explicit number rules for 0, 1, 2 and 3. You must also provide plural strings for
+ * plural categories "one" and "other".
+ *
+ * @param {string|expression} count The variable to be bound to.
+ * @param {string} when The mapping between plural category to its corresponding strings.
+ * @param {number=} offset Offset to deduct from the total number.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example module="pluralizeExample" name="ng-pluralize">
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <script>
+          angular.module('pluralizeExample', [])
+            .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+              $scope.person1 = 'Igor';
+              $scope.person2 = 'Misko';
+              $scope.personCount = 1;
+            }]);
+        </script>
+        <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+          <label>Person 1:<input type="text" ng-model="person1" value="Igor" /></label><br/>
+          <label>Person 2:<input type="text" ng-model="person2" value="Misko" /></label><br/>
+          <label>Number of People:<input type="text" ng-model="personCount" value="1" /></label><br/>
+
+          <!--- Example with simple pluralization rules for en locale --->
+          Without Offset:
+          <ng-pluralize count="personCount"
+                        when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
+                               'one': '1 person is viewing.',
+                               'other': '{} people are viewing.'}">
+          </ng-pluralize><br>
+
+          <!--- Example with offset --->
+          With Offset(2):
+          <ng-pluralize count="personCount" offset=2
+                        when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
+                               '1': '{{person1}} is viewing.',
+                               '2': '{{person1}} and {{person2}} are viewing.',
+                               'one': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and one other person are viewing.',
+                               'other': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and {} other people are viewing.'}">
+          </ng-pluralize>
+        </div>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should show correct pluralized string', function() {
+          var withoutOffset = element.all(by.css('ng-pluralize')).get(0);
+          var withOffset = element.all(by.css('ng-pluralize')).get(1);
+          var countInput = element(by.model('personCount'));
+
+          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('1 person is viewing.');
+          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor is viewing.');
+
+          countInput.clear();
+          countInput.sendKeys('0');
+
+          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('Nobody is viewing.');
+          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Nobody is viewing.');
+
+          countInput.clear();
+          countInput.sendKeys('2');
+
+          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('2 people are viewing.');
+          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor and Misko are viewing.');
+
+          countInput.clear();
+          countInput.sendKeys('3');
+
+          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('3 people are viewing.');
+          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor, Misko and one other person are viewing.');
+
+          countInput.clear();
+          countInput.sendKeys('4');
+
+          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('4 people are viewing.');
+          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor, Misko and 2 other people are viewing.');
+        });
+        it('should show data-bound names', function() {
+          var withOffset = element.all(by.css('ng-pluralize')).get(1);
+          var personCount = element(by.model('personCount'));
+          var person1 = element(by.model('person1'));
+          var person2 = element(by.model('person2'));
+          personCount.clear();
+          personCount.sendKeys('4');
+          person1.clear();
+          person1.sendKeys('Di');
+          person2.clear();
+          person2.sendKeys('Vojta');
+          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Di, Vojta and 2 other people are viewing.');
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
+var ngPluralizeDirective = ['$locale', '$interpolate', '$log', function($locale, $interpolate, $log) {
+  var BRACE = /{}/g,
+      IS_WHEN = /^when(Minus)?(.+)$/;
+
+  return {
+    link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+      var numberExp = attr.count,
+          whenExp = attr.$attr.when && element.attr(attr.$attr.when), // we have {{}} in attrs
+          offset = attr.offset || 0,
+          whens = scope.$eval(whenExp) || {},
+          whensExpFns = {},
+          startSymbol = $interpolate.startSymbol(),
+          endSymbol = $interpolate.endSymbol(),
+          braceReplacement = startSymbol + numberExp + '-' + offset + endSymbol,
+          watchRemover = angular.noop,
+          lastCount;
+
+      forEach(attr, function(expression, attributeName) {
+        var tmpMatch = IS_WHEN.exec(attributeName);
+        if (tmpMatch) {
+          var whenKey = (tmpMatch[1] ? '-' : '') + lowercase(tmpMatch[2]);
+          whens[whenKey] = element.attr(attr.$attr[attributeName]);
+        }
+      });
+      forEach(whens, function(expression, key) {
+        whensExpFns[key] = $interpolate(expression.replace(BRACE, braceReplacement));
+
+      });
+
+      scope.$watch(numberExp, function ngPluralizeWatchAction(newVal) {
+        var count = parseFloat(newVal);
+        var countIsNaN = isNumberNaN(count);
+
+        if (!countIsNaN && !(count in whens)) {
+          // If an explicit number rule such as 1, 2, 3... is defined, just use it.
+          // Otherwise, check it against pluralization rules in $locale service.
+          count = $locale.pluralCat(count - offset);
+        }
+
+        // If both `count` and `lastCount` are NaN, we don't need to re-register a watch.
+        // In JS `NaN !== NaN`, so we have to explicitly check.
+        if ((count !== lastCount) && !(countIsNaN && isNumberNaN(lastCount))) {
+          watchRemover();
+          var whenExpFn = whensExpFns[count];
+          if (isUndefined(whenExpFn)) {
+            if (newVal != null) {
+              $log.debug('ngPluralize: no rule defined for \'' + count + '\' in ' + whenExp);
+            }
+            watchRemover = noop;
+            updateElementText();
+          } else {
+            watchRemover = scope.$watch(whenExpFn, updateElementText);
+          }
+          lastCount = count;
+        }
+      });
+
+      function updateElementText(newText) {
+        element.text(newText || '');
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngRef
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngRef` attribute tells AngularJS to assign the controller of a component (or a directive)
+ * to the given property in the current scope. It is also possible to add the jqlite-wrapped DOM
+ * element to the scope.
+ *
+ * If the element with `ngRef` is destroyed `null` is assigned to the property.
+ *
+ * Note that if you want to assign from a child into the parent scope, you must initialize the
+ * target property on the parent scope, otherwise `ngRef` will assign on the child scope.
+ * This commonly happens when assigning elements or components wrapped in {@link ngIf} or
+ * {@link ngRepeat}. See the second example below.
+ *
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {string} ngRef property name - A valid AngularJS expression identifier to which the
+ *                       controller or jqlite-wrapped DOM element will be bound.
+ * @param {string=} ngRefRead read value - The name of a directive (or component) on this element,
+ *                            or the special string `$element`. If a name is provided, `ngRef` will
+ *                            assign the matching controller. If `$element` is provided, the element
+ *                            itself is assigned (even if a controller is available).
+ *
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Simple toggle
+ * This example shows how the controller of the component toggle
+ * is reused in the template through the scope to use its logic.
+ * <example name="ng-ref-component" module="myApp">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <my-toggle ng-ref="myToggle"></my-toggle>
+ *     <button ng-click="myToggle.toggle()">Toggle</button>
+ *     <div ng-show="myToggle.isOpen()">
+ *       You are using a component in the same template to show it.
+ *     </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="index.js">
+ *     angular.module('myApp', [])
+ *     .component('myToggle', {
+ *       controller: function ToggleController() {
+ *         var opened = false;
+ *         this.isOpen = function() { return opened; };
+ *         this.toggle = function() { opened = !opened; };
+ *       }
+ *     });
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *      it('should publish the toggle into the scope', function() {
+ *        var toggle = element(by.buttonText('Toggle'));
+ *        expect(toggle.evaluate('myToggle.isOpen()')).toEqual(false);
+ *        toggle.click();
+ *        expect(toggle.evaluate('myToggle.isOpen()')).toEqual(true);
+ *      });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### ngRef inside scopes
+ * This example shows how `ngRef` works with child scopes. The `ngRepeat`-ed `myWrapper` components
+ * are assigned to the scope of `myRoot`, because the `toggles` property has been initialized.
+ * The repeated `myToggle` components are published to the child scopes created by `ngRepeat`.
+ * `ngIf` behaves similarly - the assignment of `myToggle` happens in the `ngIf` child scope,
+ * because the target property has not been initialized on the `myRoot` component controller.
+ *
+ * <example name="ng-ref-scopes" module="myApp">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <my-root></my-root>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="index.js">
+ *     angular.module('myApp', [])
+ *     .component('myRoot', {
+ *       templateUrl: 'root.html',
+ *       controller: function() {
+ *         this.wrappers = []; // initialize the array so that the wrappers are assigned into the parent scope
+ *       }
+ *     })
+ *     .component('myToggle', {
+ *       template: '<strong>myToggle</strong><button ng-click="$ctrl.toggle()" ng-transclude></button>',
+ *       transclude: true,
+ *       controller: function ToggleController() {
+ *         var opened = false;
+ *         this.isOpen = function() { return opened; };
+ *         this.toggle = function() { opened = !opened; };
+ *       }
+ *     })
+ *     .component('myWrapper', {
+ *       transclude: true,
+ *       template: '<strong>myWrapper</strong>' +
+ *         '<div>ngRepeatToggle.isOpen(): {{$ctrl.ngRepeatToggle.isOpen() | json}}</div>' +
+ *         '<my-toggle ng-ref="$ctrl.ngRepeatToggle"><ng-transclude></ng-transclude></my-toggle>'
+ *     });
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="root.html">
+ *     <strong>myRoot</strong>
+ *     <my-toggle ng-ref="$ctrl.outerToggle">Outer Toggle</my-toggle>
+ *     <div>outerToggle.isOpen(): {{$ctrl.outerToggle.isOpen() | json}}</div>
+ *     <div><em>wrappers assigned to root</em><br>
+ *     <div ng-repeat="wrapper in $ctrl.wrappers">
+ *       wrapper.ngRepeatToggle.isOpen(): {{wrapper.ngRepeatToggle.isOpen() | json}}
+ *     </div>
+ *
+ *     <ul>
+ *       <li ng-repeat="(index, value) in [1,2,3]">
+ *         <strong>ngRepeat</strong>
+ *         <div>outerToggle.isOpen(): {{$ctrl.outerToggle.isOpen() | json}}</div>
+ *         <my-wrapper ng-ref="$ctrl.wrappers[index]">ngRepeat Toggle {{$index + 1}}</my-wrapper>
+ *       </li>
+ *     </ul>
+ *
+ *     <div>ngIfToggle.isOpen(): {{ngIfToggle.isOpen()}} // This is always undefined because it's
+ *       assigned to the child scope created by ngIf.
+ *     </div>
+ *     <div ng-if="true">
+          <strong>ngIf</strong>
+ *        <my-toggle ng-ref="ngIfToggle">ngIf Toggle</my-toggle>
+ *        <div>ngIfToggle.isOpen(): {{ngIfToggle.isOpen() | json}}</div>
+ *        <div>outerToggle.isOpen(): {{$ctrl.outerToggle.isOpen() | json}}</div>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="styles.css">
+ *     ul {
+ *       list-style: none;
+ *       padding-left: 0;
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     li[ng-repeat] {
+ *       background: lightgreen;
+ *       padding: 8px;
+ *       margin: 8px;
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     [ng-if] {
+ *       background: lightgrey;
+ *       padding: 8px;
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     my-root {
+ *       background: lightgoldenrodyellow;
+ *       padding: 8px;
+ *       display: block;
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     my-wrapper {
+ *       background: lightsalmon;
+ *       padding: 8px;
+ *       display: block;
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     my-toggle {
+ *       background: lightblue;
+ *       padding: 8px;
+ *       display: block;
+ *     }
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *      var OuterToggle = function() {
+ *        this.toggle = function() {
+ *          element(by.buttonText('Outer Toggle')).click();
+ *        };
+ *        this.isOpen = function() {
+ *          return element.all(by.binding('outerToggle.isOpen()')).first().getText();
+ *        };
+ *      };
+ *      var NgRepeatToggle = function(i) {
+ *        var parent = element.all(by.repeater('(index, value) in [1,2,3]')).get(i - 1);
+ *        this.toggle = function() {
+ *          element(by.buttonText('ngRepeat Toggle ' + i)).click();
+ *        };
+ *        this.isOpen = function() {
+ *          return parent.element(by.binding('ngRepeatToggle.isOpen() | json')).getText();
+ *        };
+ *        this.isOuterOpen = function() {
+ *          return parent.element(by.binding('outerToggle.isOpen() | json')).getText();
+ *        };
+ *      };
+ *      var NgRepeatToggles = function() {
+ *        var toggles = [1,2,3].map(function(i) { return new NgRepeatToggle(i); });
+ *        this.forEach = function(fn) {
+ *          toggles.forEach(fn);
+ *        };
+ *        this.isOuterOpen = function(i) {
+ *          return toggles[i - 1].isOuterOpen();
+ *        };
+ *      };
+ *      var NgIfToggle = function() {
+ *        var parent = element(by.css('[ng-if]'));
+ *        this.toggle = function() {
+ *          element(by.buttonText('ngIf Toggle')).click();
+ *        };
+ *        this.isOpen = function() {
+ *          return by.binding('ngIfToggle.isOpen() | json').getText();
+ *        };
+ *        this.isOuterOpen = function() {
+ *          return parent.element(by.binding('outerToggle.isOpen() | json')).getText();
+ *        };
+ *      };
+ *
+ *      it('should toggle the outer toggle', function() {
+ *        var outerToggle = new OuterToggle();
+ *        expect(outerToggle.isOpen()).toEqual('outerToggle.isOpen(): false');
+ *        outerToggle.toggle();
+ *        expect(outerToggle.isOpen()).toEqual('outerToggle.isOpen(): true');
+ *      });
+ *
+ *      it('should toggle all outer toggles', function() {
+ *        var outerToggle = new OuterToggle();
+ *        var repeatToggles = new NgRepeatToggles();
+ *        var ifToggle = new NgIfToggle();
+ *        expect(outerToggle.isOpen()).toEqual('outerToggle.isOpen(): false');
+ *        expect(repeatToggles.isOuterOpen(1)).toEqual('outerToggle.isOpen(): false');
+ *        expect(repeatToggles.isOuterOpen(2)).toEqual('outerToggle.isOpen(): false');
+ *        expect(repeatToggles.isOuterOpen(3)).toEqual('outerToggle.isOpen(): false');
+ *        expect(ifToggle.isOuterOpen()).toEqual('outerToggle.isOpen(): false');
+ *        outerToggle.toggle();
+ *        expect(outerToggle.isOpen()).toEqual('outerToggle.isOpen(): true');
+ *        expect(repeatToggles.isOuterOpen(1)).toEqual('outerToggle.isOpen(): true');
+ *        expect(repeatToggles.isOuterOpen(2)).toEqual('outerToggle.isOpen(): true');
+ *        expect(repeatToggles.isOuterOpen(3)).toEqual('outerToggle.isOpen(): true');
+ *        expect(ifToggle.isOuterOpen()).toEqual('outerToggle.isOpen(): true');
+ *      });
+ *
+ *      it('should toggle each repeat iteration separately', function() {
+ *        var repeatToggles = new NgRepeatToggles();
+ *
+ *        repeatToggles.forEach(function(repeatToggle) {
+ *          expect(repeatToggle.isOpen()).toEqual('ngRepeatToggle.isOpen(): false');
+ *          expect(repeatToggle.isOuterOpen()).toEqual('outerToggle.isOpen(): false');
+ *          repeatToggle.toggle();
+ *          expect(repeatToggle.isOpen()).toEqual('ngRepeatToggle.isOpen(): true');
+ *          expect(repeatToggle.isOuterOpen()).toEqual('outerToggle.isOpen(): false');
+ *        });
+ *      });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ */
+
+var ngRefMinErr = minErr('ngRef');
+
+var ngRefDirective = ['$parse', function($parse) {
+  return {
+    priority: -1, // Needed for compatibility with element transclusion on the same element
+    restrict: 'A',
+    compile: function(tElement, tAttrs) {
+      // Get the expected controller name, converts <data-some-thing> into "someThing"
+      var controllerName = directiveNormalize(nodeName_(tElement));
+
+      // Get the expression for value binding
+      var getter = $parse(tAttrs.ngRef);
+      var setter = getter.assign || function() {
+        throw ngRefMinErr('nonassign', 'Expression in ngRef="{0}" is non-assignable!', tAttrs.ngRef);
+      };
+
+      return function(scope, element, attrs) {
+        var refValue;
+
+        if (attrs.hasOwnProperty('ngRefRead')) {
+          if (attrs.ngRefRead === '$element') {
+            refValue = element;
+          } else {
+            refValue = element.data('$' + attrs.ngRefRead + 'Controller');
+
+            if (!refValue) {
+              throw ngRefMinErr(
+                'noctrl',
+                'The controller for ngRefRead="{0}" could not be found on ngRef="{1}"',
+                attrs.ngRefRead,
+                tAttrs.ngRef
+              );
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          refValue = element.data('$' + controllerName + 'Controller');
+        }
+
+        refValue = refValue || element;
+
+        setter(scope, refValue);
+
+        // when the element is removed, remove it (nullify it)
+        element.on('$destroy', function() {
+          // only remove it if value has not changed,
+          // because animations (and other procedures) may duplicate elements
+          if (getter(scope) === refValue) {
+            setter(scope, null);
+          }
+        });
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+/* exported ngRepeatDirective */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngRepeat
+ * @multiElement
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngRepeat` directive instantiates a template once per item from a collection. Each template
+ * instance gets its own scope, where the given loop variable is set to the current collection item,
+ * and `$index` is set to the item index or key.
+ *
+ * Special properties are exposed on the local scope of each template instance, including:
+ *
+ * | Variable  | Type            | Details                                                                     |
+ * |-----------|-----------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+ * | `$index`  | {@type number}  | iterator offset of the repeated element (0..length-1)                       |
+ * | `$first`  | {@type boolean} | true if the repeated element is first in the iterator.                      |
+ * | `$middle` | {@type boolean} | true if the repeated element is between the first and last in the iterator. |
+ * | `$last`   | {@type boolean} | true if the repeated element is last in the iterator.                       |
+ * | `$even`   | {@type boolean} | true if the iterator position `$index` is even (otherwise false).           |
+ * | `$odd`    | {@type boolean} | true if the iterator position `$index` is odd (otherwise false).            |
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ *   Creating aliases for these properties is possible with {@link ng.directive:ngInit `ngInit`}.
+ *   This may be useful when, for instance, nesting ngRepeats.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ *
+ * ## Iterating over object properties
+ *
+ * It is possible to get `ngRepeat` to iterate over the properties of an object using the following
+ * syntax:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * <div ng-repeat="(key, value) in myObj"> ... </div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * However, there are a few limitations compared to array iteration:
+ *
+ * - The JavaScript specification does not define the order of keys
+ *   returned for an object, so AngularJS relies on the order returned by the browser
+ *   when running `for key in myObj`. Browsers generally follow the strategy of providing
+ *   keys in the order in which they were defined, although there are exceptions when keys are deleted
+ *   and reinstated. See the
+ *   [MDN page on `delete` for more info](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/delete#Cross-browser_notes).
+ *
+ * - `ngRepeat` will silently *ignore* object keys starting with `$`, because
+ *   it's a prefix used by AngularJS for public (`$`) and private (`$$`) properties.
+ *
+ * - The built-in filters {@link ng.orderBy orderBy} and {@link ng.filter filter} do not work with
+ *   objects, and will throw an error if used with one.
+ *
+ * If you are hitting any of these limitations, the recommended workaround is to convert your object into an array
+ * that is sorted into the order that you prefer before providing it to `ngRepeat`. You could
+ * do this with a filter such as [toArrayFilter](http://ngmodules.org/modules/angular-toArrayFilter)
+ * or implement a `$watch` on the object yourself.
+ *
+ *
+ * ## Tracking and Duplicates
+ *
+ * `ngRepeat` uses {@link $rootScope.Scope#$watchCollection $watchCollection} to detect changes in
+ * the collection. When a change happens, `ngRepeat` then makes the corresponding changes to the DOM:
+ *
+ * * When an item is added, a new instance of the template is added to the DOM.
+ * * When an item is removed, its template instance is removed from the DOM.
+ * * When items are reordered, their respective templates are reordered in the DOM.
+ *
+ * To minimize creation of DOM elements, `ngRepeat` uses a function
+ * to "keep track" of all items in the collection and their corresponding DOM elements.
+ * For example, if an item is added to the collection, `ngRepeat` will know that all other items
+ * already have DOM elements, and will not re-render them.
+ *
+ * All different types of tracking functions, their syntax, and their support for duplicate
+ * items in collections can be found in the
+ * {@link ngRepeat#ngRepeat-arguments ngRepeat expression description}.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-success">
+ * **Best Practice:** If you are working with objects that have a unique identifier property, you
+ * should track by this identifier instead of the object instance,
+ * e.g. `item in items track by item.id`.
+ * Should you reload your data later, `ngRepeat` will not have to rebuild the DOM elements for items
+ * it has already rendered, even if the JavaScript objects in the collection have been substituted
+ * for new ones. For large collections, this significantly improves rendering performance.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * ### Effects of DOM Element re-use
+ *
+ * When DOM elements are re-used, ngRepeat updates the scope for the element, which will
+ * automatically update any active bindings on the template. However, other
+ * functionality will not be updated, because the element is not re-created:
+ *
+ * - Directives are not re-compiled
+ * - {@link guide/expression#one-time-binding one-time expressions} on the repeated template are not
+ * updated if they have stabilized.
+ *
+ * The above affects all kinds of element re-use due to tracking, but may be especially visible
+ * when tracking by `$index` due to the way ngRepeat re-uses elements.
+ *
+ * The following example shows the effects of different actions with tracking:
+
+  <example module="ngRepeat" name="ngRepeat-tracking" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
+    <file name="script.js">
+      angular.module('ngRepeat', ['ngAnimate']).controller('repeatController', function($scope) {
+        var friends = [
+          {name:'John', age:25},
+          {name:'Mary', age:40},
+          {name:'Peter', age:85}
+        ];
+
+        $scope.removeFirst = function() {
+          $scope.friends.shift();
+        };
+
+        $scope.updateAge = function() {
+          $scope.friends.forEach(function(el) {
+            el.age = el.age + 5;
+          });
+        };
+
+        $scope.copy = function() {
+          $scope.friends = angular.copy($scope.friends);
+        };
+
+        $scope.reset = function() {
+          $scope.friends = angular.copy(friends);
+        };
+
+        $scope.reset();
+      });
+    </file>
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-controller="repeatController">
+        <ol>
+          <li>When you click "Update Age", only the first list updates the age, because all others have
+          a one-time binding on the age property. If you then click "Copy", the current friend list
+          is copied, and now the second list updates the age, because the identity of the collection items
+          has changed and the list must be re-rendered. The 3rd and 4th list stay the same, because all the
+          items are already known according to their tracking functions.
+          </li>
+          <li>When you click "Remove First", the 4th list has the wrong age on both remaining items. This is
+          due to tracking by $index: when the first collection item is removed, ngRepeat reuses the first
+          DOM element for the new first collection item, and so on. Since the age property is one-time
+          bound, the value remains from the collection item which was previously at this index.
+          </li>
+        </ol>
+
+        <button ng-click="removeFirst()">Remove First</button>
+        <button ng-click="updateAge()">Update Age</button>
+        <button ng-click="copy()">Copy</button>
+        <br><button ng-click="reset()">Reset List</button>
+        <br>
+        <code>track by $id(friend)</code> (default):
+        <ul class="example-animate-container">
+          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-repeat="friend in friends">
+            {{friend.name}} is {{friend.age}} years old.
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+        <code>track by $id(friend)</code> (default), with age one-time binding:
+        <ul class="example-animate-container">
+          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-repeat="friend in friends">
+            {{friend.name}} is {{::friend.age}} years old.
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+        <code>track by friend.name</code>, with age one-time binding:
+        <ul class="example-animate-container">
+          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-repeat="friend in friends track by friend.name">
+            {{friend.name}}  is {{::friend.age}} years old.
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+        <code>track by $index</code>, with age one-time binding:
+        <ul class="example-animate-container">
+          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-repeat="friend in friends track by $index">
+            {{friend.name}} is {{::friend.age}} years old.
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .example-animate-container {
+        background:white;
+        border:1px solid black;
+        list-style:none;
+        margin:0;
+        padding:0 10px;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat {
+        line-height:30px;
+        list-style:none;
+        box-sizing:border-box;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat.ng-move,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-enter,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-leave {
+        transition:all linear 0.5s;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat.ng-leave.ng-leave-active,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-move,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-enter {
+        opacity:0;
+        max-height:0;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat.ng-leave,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-move.ng-move-active,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
+        opacity:1;
+        max-height:30px;
+      }
+    </file>
+  </example>
+
+ *
+ * ## Special repeat start and end points
+ * To repeat a series of elements instead of just one parent element, ngRepeat (as well as other ng directives) supports extending
+ * the range of the repeater by defining explicit start and end points by using **ng-repeat-start** and **ng-repeat-end** respectively.
+ * The **ng-repeat-start** directive works the same as **ng-repeat**, but will repeat all the HTML code (including the tag it's defined on)
+ * up to and including the ending HTML tag where **ng-repeat-end** is placed.
+ *
+ * The example below makes use of this feature:
+ * ```html
+ *   <header ng-repeat-start="item in items">
+ *     Header {{ item }}
+ *   </header>
+ *   <div class="body">
+ *     Body {{ item }}
+ *   </div>
+ *   <footer ng-repeat-end>
+ *     Footer {{ item }}
+ *   </footer>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * And with an input of {@type ['A','B']} for the items variable in the example above, the output will evaluate to:
+ * ```html
+ *   <header>
+ *     Header A
+ *   </header>
+ *   <div class="body">
+ *     Body A
+ *   </div>
+ *   <footer>
+ *     Footer A
+ *   </footer>
+ *   <header>
+ *     Header B
+ *   </header>
+ *   <div class="body">
+ *     Body B
+ *   </div>
+ *   <footer>
+ *     Footer B
+ *   </footer>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The custom start and end points for ngRepeat also support all other HTML directive syntax flavors provided in AngularJS (such
+ * as **data-ng-repeat-start**, **x-ng-repeat-start** and **ng:repeat-start**).
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * | Animation                        | Occurs                              |
+ * |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
+ * | {@link ng.$animate#enter enter} | when a new item is added to the list or when an item is revealed after a filter |
+ * | {@link ng.$animate#leave leave} | when an item is removed from the list or when an item is filtered out |
+ * | {@link ng.$animate#move move } | when an adjacent item is filtered out causing a reorder or when the item contents are reordered |
+ *
+ * See the example below for defining CSS animations with ngRepeat.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @scope
+ * @priority 1000
+ * @param {repeat_expression} ngRepeat The expression indicating how to enumerate a collection. These
+ *   formats are currently supported:
+ *
+ *   * `variable in expression` – where variable is the user defined loop variable and `expression`
+ *     is a scope expression giving the collection to enumerate.
+ *
+ *     For example: `album in artist.albums`.
+ *
+ *   * `(key, value) in expression` – where `key` and `value` can be any user defined identifiers,
+ *     and `expression` is the scope expression giving the collection to enumerate.
+ *
+ *     For example: `(name, age) in {'adam':10, 'amalie':12}`.
+ *
+ *   * `variable in expression track by tracking_expression` – You can also provide an optional tracking expression
+ *     which can be used to associate the objects in the collection with the DOM elements. If no tracking expression
+ *     is specified, ng-repeat associates elements by identity. It is an error to have
+ *     more than one tracking expression value resolve to the same key. (This would mean that two distinct objects are
+ *     mapped to the same DOM element, which is not possible.)
+ *
+ *     *Default tracking: $id()*: `item in items` is equivalent to `item in items track by $id(item)`.
+ *     This implies that the DOM elements will be associated by item identity in the collection.
+ *
+ *     The built-in `$id()` function can be used to assign a unique
+ *     `$$hashKey` property to each item in the collection. This property is then used as a key to associated DOM elements
+ *     with the corresponding item in the collection by identity. Moving the same object would move
+ *     the DOM element in the same way in the DOM.
+ *     Note that the default id function does not support duplicate primitive values (`number`, `string`),
+ *     but supports duplictae non-primitive values (`object`) that are *equal* in shape.
+ *
+ *     *Custom Expression*: It is possible to use any AngularJS expression to compute the tracking
+ *     id, for example with a function, or using a property on the collection items.
+ *     `item in items track by item.id` is a typical pattern when the items have a unique identifier,
+ *     e.g. database id. In this case the object identity does not matter. Two objects are considered
+ *     equivalent as long as their `id` property is same.
+ *     Tracking by unique identifier is the most performant way and should be used whenever possible.
+ *
+ *     *$index*: This special property tracks the collection items by their index, and
+ *     re-uses the DOM elements that match that index, e.g. `item in items track by $index`. This can
+ *     be used for a performance improvement if no unique identfier is available and the identity of
+ *     the collection items cannot be easily computed. It also allows duplicates.
+ *
+ *     <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ *       <strong>Note:</strong> Re-using DOM elements can have unforeseen effects. Read the
+ *       {@link ngRepeat#tracking-and-duplicates section on tracking and duplicates} for
+ *       more info.
+ *     </div>
+ *
+ *     <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ *       <strong>Note:</strong> the `track by` expression must come last - after any filters, and the alias expression:
+ *       `item in items | filter:searchText as results  track by item.id`
+ *     </div>
+ *
+ *   * `variable in expression as alias_expression` – You can also provide an optional alias expression which will then store the
+ *     intermediate results of the repeater after the filters have been applied. Typically this is used to render a special message
+ *     when a filter is active on the repeater, but the filtered result set is empty.
+ *
+ *     For example: `item in items | filter:x as results` will store the fragment of the repeated items as `results`, but only after
+ *     the items have been processed through the filter.
+ *
+ *     Please note that `as [variable name]` is not an operator but rather a part of ngRepeat
+ *     micro-syntax so it can be used only after all filters (and not as operator, inside an expression).
+ *
+ *     For example: `item in items | filter : x | orderBy : order | limitTo : limit as results track by item.id` .
+ *
+ * @example
+ * This example uses `ngRepeat` to display a list of people. A filter is used to restrict the displayed
+ * results by name or by age. New (entering) and removed (leaving) items are animated.
+  <example module="ngRepeat" name="ngRepeat" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-controller="repeatController">
+        I have {{friends.length}} friends. They are:
+        <input type="search" ng-model="q" placeholder="filter friends..." aria-label="filter friends" />
+        <ul class="example-animate-container">
+          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-repeat="friend in friends | filter:q as results track by friend.name">
+            [{{$index + 1}}] {{friend.name}} who is {{friend.age}} years old.
+          </li>
+          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-if="results.length === 0">
+            <strong>No results found...</strong>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="script.js">
+      angular.module('ngRepeat', ['ngAnimate']).controller('repeatController', function($scope) {
+        $scope.friends = [
+          {name:'John', age:25, gender:'boy'},
+          {name:'Jessie', age:30, gender:'girl'},
+          {name:'Johanna', age:28, gender:'girl'},
+          {name:'Joy', age:15, gender:'girl'},
+          {name:'Mary', age:28, gender:'girl'},
+          {name:'Peter', age:95, gender:'boy'},
+          {name:'Sebastian', age:50, gender:'boy'},
+          {name:'Erika', age:27, gender:'girl'},
+          {name:'Patrick', age:40, gender:'boy'},
+          {name:'Samantha', age:60, gender:'girl'}
+        ];
+      });
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .example-animate-container {
+        background:white;
+        border:1px solid black;
+        list-style:none;
+        margin:0;
+        padding:0 10px;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat {
+        line-height:30px;
+        list-style:none;
+        box-sizing:border-box;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat.ng-move,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-enter,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-leave {
+        transition:all linear 0.5s;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat.ng-leave.ng-leave-active,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-move,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-enter {
+        opacity:0;
+        max-height:0;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat.ng-leave,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-move.ng-move-active,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
+        opacity:1;
+        max-height:30px;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var friends = element.all(by.repeater('friend in friends'));
+
+      it('should render initial data set', function() {
+        expect(friends.count()).toBe(10);
+        expect(friends.get(0).getText()).toEqual('[1] John who is 25 years old.');
+        expect(friends.get(1).getText()).toEqual('[2] Jessie who is 30 years old.');
+        expect(friends.last().getText()).toEqual('[10] Samantha who is 60 years old.');
+        expect(element(by.binding('friends.length')).getText())
+            .toMatch("I have 10 friends. They are:");
+      });
+
+       it('should update repeater when filter predicate changes', function() {
+         expect(friends.count()).toBe(10);
+
+         element(by.model('q')).sendKeys('ma');
+
+         expect(friends.count()).toBe(2);
+         expect(friends.get(0).getText()).toEqual('[1] Mary who is 28 years old.');
+         expect(friends.last().getText()).toEqual('[2] Samantha who is 60 years old.');
+       });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
+var ngRepeatDirective = ['$parse', '$animate', '$compile', function($parse, $animate, $compile) {
+  var NG_REMOVED = '$$NG_REMOVED';
+  var ngRepeatMinErr = minErr('ngRepeat');
+
+  var updateScope = function(scope, index, valueIdentifier, value, keyIdentifier, key, arrayLength) {
+    // TODO(perf): generate setters to shave off ~40ms or 1-1.5%
+    scope[valueIdentifier] = value;
+    if (keyIdentifier) scope[keyIdentifier] = key;
+    scope.$index = index;
+    scope.$first = (index === 0);
+    scope.$last = (index === (arrayLength - 1));
+    scope.$middle = !(scope.$first || scope.$last);
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-bitwise
+    scope.$odd = !(scope.$even = (index & 1) === 0);
+  };
+
+  var getBlockStart = function(block) {
+    return block.clone[0];
+  };
+
+  var getBlockEnd = function(block) {
+    return block.clone[block.clone.length - 1];
+  };
+
+  var trackByIdArrayFn = function($scope, key, value) {
+    return hashKey(value);
+  };
+
+  var trackByIdObjFn = function($scope, key) {
+    return key;
+  };
+
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    multiElement: true,
+    transclude: 'element',
+    priority: 1000,
+    terminal: true,
+    $$tlb: true,
+    compile: function ngRepeatCompile($element, $attr) {
+      var expression = $attr.ngRepeat;
+      var ngRepeatEndComment = $compile.$$createComment('end ngRepeat', expression);
+
+      var match = expression.match(/^\s*([\s\S]+?)\s+in\s+([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+as\s+([\s\S]+?))?(?:\s+track\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?\s*$/);
+
+      if (!match) {
+        throw ngRepeatMinErr('iexp', 'Expected expression in form of \'_item_ in _collection_[ track by _id_]\' but got \'{0}\'.',
+            expression);
+      }
+
+      var lhs = match[1];
+      var rhs = match[2];
+      var aliasAs = match[3];
+      var trackByExp = match[4];
+
+      match = lhs.match(/^(?:(\s*[$\w]+)|\(\s*([$\w]+)\s*,\s*([$\w]+)\s*\))$/);
+
+      if (!match) {
+        throw ngRepeatMinErr('iidexp', '\'_item_\' in \'_item_ in _collection_\' should be an identifier or \'(_key_, _value_)\' expression, but got \'{0}\'.',
+            lhs);
+      }
+      var valueIdentifier = match[3] || match[1];
+      var keyIdentifier = match[2];
+
+      if (aliasAs && (!/^[$a-zA-Z_][$a-zA-Z0-9_]*$/.test(aliasAs) ||
+          /^(null|undefined|this|\$index|\$first|\$middle|\$last|\$even|\$odd|\$parent|\$root|\$id)$/.test(aliasAs))) {
+        throw ngRepeatMinErr('badident', 'alias \'{0}\' is invalid --- must be a valid JS identifier which is not a reserved name.',
+          aliasAs);
+      }
+
+      var trackByIdExpFn;
+
+      if (trackByExp) {
+        var hashFnLocals = {$id: hashKey};
+        var trackByExpGetter = $parse(trackByExp);
+
+        trackByIdExpFn = function($scope, key, value, index) {
+          // assign key, value, and $index to the locals so that they can be used in hash functions
+          if (keyIdentifier) hashFnLocals[keyIdentifier] = key;
+          hashFnLocals[valueIdentifier] = value;
+          hashFnLocals.$index = index;
+          return trackByExpGetter($scope, hashFnLocals);
+        };
+      }
+
+      return function ngRepeatLink($scope, $element, $attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
+
+        // Store a list of elements from previous run. This is a hash where key is the item from the
+        // iterator, and the value is objects with following properties.
+        //   - scope: bound scope
+        //   - clone: previous element.
+        //   - index: position
+        //
+        // We are using no-proto object so that we don't need to guard against inherited props via
+        // hasOwnProperty.
+        var lastBlockMap = createMap();
+
+        //watch props
+        $scope.$watchCollection(rhs, function ngRepeatAction(collection) {
+          var index, length,
+              previousNode = $element[0],     // node that cloned nodes should be inserted after
+                                              // initialized to the comment node anchor
+              nextNode,
+              // Same as lastBlockMap but it has the current state. It will become the
+              // lastBlockMap on the next iteration.
+              nextBlockMap = createMap(),
+              collectionLength,
+              key, value, // key/value of iteration
+              trackById,
+              trackByIdFn,
+              collectionKeys,
+              block,       // last object information {scope, element, id}
+              nextBlockOrder,
+              elementsToRemove;
+
+          if (aliasAs) {
+            $scope[aliasAs] = collection;
+          }
+
+          if (isArrayLike(collection)) {
+            collectionKeys = collection;
+            trackByIdFn = trackByIdExpFn || trackByIdArrayFn;
+          } else {
+            trackByIdFn = trackByIdExpFn || trackByIdObjFn;
+            // if object, extract keys, in enumeration order, unsorted
+            collectionKeys = [];
+            for (var itemKey in collection) {
+              if (hasOwnProperty.call(collection, itemKey) && itemKey.charAt(0) !== '$') {
+                collectionKeys.push(itemKey);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+
+          collectionLength = collectionKeys.length;
+          nextBlockOrder = new Array(collectionLength);
+
+          // locate existing items
+          for (index = 0; index < collectionLength; index++) {
+            key = (collection === collectionKeys) ? index : collectionKeys[index];
+            value = collection[key];
+            trackById = trackByIdFn($scope, key, value, index);
+            if (lastBlockMap[trackById]) {
+              // found previously seen block
+              block = lastBlockMap[trackById];
+              delete lastBlockMap[trackById];
+              nextBlockMap[trackById] = block;
+              nextBlockOrder[index] = block;
+            } else if (nextBlockMap[trackById]) {
+              // if collision detected. restore lastBlockMap and throw an error
+              forEach(nextBlockOrder, function(block) {
+                if (block && block.scope) lastBlockMap[block.id] = block;
+              });
+              throw ngRepeatMinErr('dupes',
+                  'Duplicates in a repeater are not allowed. Use \'track by\' expression to specify unique keys. Repeater: {0}, Duplicate key: {1}, Duplicate value: {2}',
+                  expression, trackById, value);
+            } else {
+              // new never before seen block
+              nextBlockOrder[index] = {id: trackById, scope: undefined, clone: undefined};
+              nextBlockMap[trackById] = true;
+            }
+          }
+
+          // Clear the value property from the hashFnLocals object to prevent a reference to the last value
+          // being leaked into the ngRepeatCompile function scope
+          if (hashFnLocals) {
+            hashFnLocals[valueIdentifier] = undefined;
+          }
+
+          // remove leftover items
+          for (var blockKey in lastBlockMap) {
+            block = lastBlockMap[blockKey];
+            elementsToRemove = getBlockNodes(block.clone);
+            $animate.leave(elementsToRemove);
+            if (elementsToRemove[0].parentNode) {
+              // if the element was not removed yet because of pending animation, mark it as deleted
+              // so that we can ignore it later
+              for (index = 0, length = elementsToRemove.length; index < length; index++) {
+                elementsToRemove[index][NG_REMOVED] = true;
+              }
+            }
+            block.scope.$destroy();
+          }
+
+          // we are not using forEach for perf reasons (trying to avoid #call)
+          for (index = 0; index < collectionLength; index++) {
+            key = (collection === collectionKeys) ? index : collectionKeys[index];
+            value = collection[key];
+            block = nextBlockOrder[index];
+
+            if (block.scope) {
+              // if we have already seen this object, then we need to reuse the
+              // associated scope/element
+
+              nextNode = previousNode;
+
+              // skip nodes that are already pending removal via leave animation
+              do {
+                nextNode = nextNode.nextSibling;
+              } while (nextNode && nextNode[NG_REMOVED]);
+
+              if (getBlockStart(block) !== nextNode) {
+                // existing item which got moved
+                $animate.move(getBlockNodes(block.clone), null, previousNode);
+              }
+              previousNode = getBlockEnd(block);
+              updateScope(block.scope, index, valueIdentifier, value, keyIdentifier, key, collectionLength);
+            } else {
+              // new item which we don't know about
+              $transclude(function ngRepeatTransclude(clone, scope) {
+                block.scope = scope;
+                // http://jsperf.com/clone-vs-createcomment
+                var endNode = ngRepeatEndComment.cloneNode(false);
+                clone[clone.length++] = endNode;
+
+                $animate.enter(clone, null, previousNode);
+                previousNode = endNode;
+                // Note: We only need the first/last node of the cloned nodes.
+                // However, we need to keep the reference to the jqlite wrapper as it might be changed later
+                // by a directive with templateUrl when its template arrives.
+                block.clone = clone;
+                nextBlockMap[block.id] = block;
+                updateScope(block.scope, index, valueIdentifier, value, keyIdentifier, key, collectionLength);
+              });
+            }
+          }
+          lastBlockMap = nextBlockMap;
+        });
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+var NG_HIDE_CLASS = 'ng-hide';
+var NG_HIDE_IN_PROGRESS_CLASS = 'ng-hide-animate';
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngShow
+ * @multiElement
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngShow` directive shows or hides the given HTML element based on the expression provided to
+ * the `ngShow` attribute.
+ *
+ * The element is shown or hidden by removing or adding the `.ng-hide` CSS class onto the element.
+ * The `.ng-hide` CSS class is predefined in AngularJS and sets the display style to none (using an
+ * `!important` flag). For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your HTML file (see
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <!-- when $scope.myValue is truthy (element is visible) -->
+ * <div ng-show="myValue"></div>
+ *
+ * <!-- when $scope.myValue is falsy (element is hidden) -->
+ * <div ng-show="myValue" class="ng-hide"></div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * When the `ngShow` expression evaluates to a falsy value then the `.ng-hide` CSS class is added
+ * to the class attribute on the element causing it to become hidden. When truthy, the `.ng-hide`
+ * CSS class is removed from the element causing the element not to appear hidden.
+ *
+ * ## Why is `!important` used?
+ *
+ * You may be wondering why `!important` is used for the `.ng-hide` CSS class. This is because the
+ * `.ng-hide` selector can be easily overridden by heavier selectors. For example, something as
+ * simple as changing the display style on a HTML list item would make hidden elements appear
+ * visible. This also becomes a bigger issue when dealing with CSS frameworks.
+ *
+ * By using `!important`, the show and hide behavior will work as expected despite any clash between
+ * CSS selector specificity (when `!important` isn't used with any conflicting styles). If a
+ * developer chooses to override the styling to change how to hide an element then it is just a
+ * matter of using `!important` in their own CSS code.
+ *
+ * ### Overriding `.ng-hide`
+ *
+ * By default, the `.ng-hide` class will style the element with `display: none !important`. If you
+ * wish to change the hide behavior with `ngShow`/`ngHide`, you can simply overwrite the styles for
+ * the `.ng-hide` CSS class. Note that the selector that needs to be used is actually
+ * `.ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate)` to cope with extra animation classes that can be added.
+ *
+ * ```css
+ * .ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate) {
+ *   /&#42; These are just alternative ways of hiding an element &#42;/
+ *   display: block!important;
+ *   position: absolute;
+ *   top: -9999px;
+ *   left: -9999px;
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * By default you don't need to override anything in CSS and the animations will work around the
+ * display style.
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * | Animation                                           | Occurs                                                                                                        |
+ * |-----------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+ * | {@link $animate#addClass addClass} `.ng-hide`       | After the `ngShow` expression evaluates to a non truthy value and just before the contents are set to hidden. |
+ * | {@link $animate#removeClass removeClass} `.ng-hide` | After the `ngShow` expression evaluates to a truthy value and just before contents are set to visible.        |
+ *
+ * Animations in `ngShow`/`ngHide` work with the show and hide events that are triggered when the
+ * directive expression is true and false. This system works like the animation system present with
+ * `ngClass` except that you must also include the `!important` flag to override the display
+ * property so that the elements are not actually hidden during the animation.
+ *
+ * ```css
+ * /&#42; A working example can be found at the bottom of this page. &#42;/
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add, .my-element.ng-hide-remove {
+ *   transition: all 0.5s linear;
+ * }
+ *
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add.ng-hide-add-active { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-remove { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active { ... }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Keep in mind that, as of AngularJS version 1.3, there is no need to change the display property
+ * to block during animation states - ngAnimate will automatically handle the style toggling for you.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngShow If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy/falsy then the
+ *                            element is shown/hidden respectively.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * A simple example, animating the element's opacity:
+ *
+  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="ng-show-simple">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      Show: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" aria-label="Toggle ngShow"><br />
+      <div class="check-element animate-show-hide" ng-show="checked">
+        I show up when your checkbox is checked.
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .animate-show-hide.ng-hide {
+        opacity: 0;
+      }
+
+      .animate-show-hide.ng-hide-add,
+      .animate-show-hide.ng-hide-remove {
+        transition: all linear 0.5s;
+      }
+
+      .check-element {
+        border: 1px solid black;
+        opacity: 1;
+        padding: 10px;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      it('should check ngShow', function() {
+        var checkbox = element(by.model('checked'));
+        var checkElem = element(by.css('.check-element'));
+
+        expect(checkElem.isDisplayed()).toBe(false);
+        checkbox.click();
+        expect(checkElem.isDisplayed()).toBe(true);
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ *
+ * <hr />
+ * @example
+ * A more complex example, featuring different show/hide animations:
+ *
+  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="ng-show-complex">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      Show: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" aria-label="Toggle ngShow"><br />
+      <div class="check-element funky-show-hide" ng-show="checked">
+        I show up when your checkbox is checked.
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      body {
+        overflow: hidden;
+        perspective: 1000px;
+      }
+
+      .funky-show-hide.ng-hide-add {
+        transform: rotateZ(0);
+        transform-origin: right;
+        transition: all 0.5s ease-in-out;
+      }
+
+      .funky-show-hide.ng-hide-add.ng-hide-add-active {
+        transform: rotateZ(-135deg);
+      }
+
+      .funky-show-hide.ng-hide-remove {
+        transform: rotateY(90deg);
+        transform-origin: left;
+        transition: all 0.5s ease;
+      }
+
+      .funky-show-hide.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active {
+        transform: rotateY(0);
+      }
+
+      .check-element {
+        border: 1px solid black;
+        opacity: 1;
+        padding: 10px;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      it('should check ngShow', function() {
+        var checkbox = element(by.model('checked'));
+        var checkElem = element(by.css('.check-element'));
+
+        expect(checkElem.isDisplayed()).toBe(false);
+        checkbox.click();
+        expect(checkElem.isDisplayed()).toBe(true);
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ *
+ * @knownIssue
+ *
+ * ### Flickering when using ngShow to toggle between elements
+ *
+ * When using {@link ngShow} and / or {@link ngHide} to toggle between elements, it can
+ * happen that both the element to show and the element to hide are visible for a very short time.
+ *
+ * This usually happens when the {@link ngAnimate ngAnimate module} is included, but no actual animations
+ * are defined for {@link ngShow} / {@link ngHide}. Internet Explorer is affected more often than
+ * other browsers.
+ *
+ * There are several way to mitigate this problem:
+ *
+ * - {@link guide/animations#how-to-selectively-enable-disable-and-skip-animations Disable animations on the affected elements}.
+ * - Use {@link ngIf} or {@link ngSwitch} instead of {@link ngShow} / {@link ngHide}.
+ * - Use the special CSS selector `ng-hide.ng-hide-animate` to set `{display: none}` or similar on the affected elements.
+ * - Use `ng-class="{'ng-hide': expression}` instead of instead of {@link ngShow} / {@link ngHide}.
+ * - Define an animation on the affected elements.
+ */
+var ngShowDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    multiElement: true,
+    link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+      scope.$watch(attr.ngShow, function ngShowWatchAction(value) {
+        // we're adding a temporary, animation-specific class for ng-hide since this way
+        // we can control when the element is actually displayed on screen without having
+        // to have a global/greedy CSS selector that breaks when other animations are run.
+        // Read: https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/9103#issuecomment-58335845
+        $animate[value ? 'removeClass' : 'addClass'](element, NG_HIDE_CLASS, {
+          tempClasses: NG_HIDE_IN_PROGRESS_CLASS
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngHide
+ * @multiElement
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngHide` directive shows or hides the given HTML element based on the expression provided to
+ * the `ngHide` attribute.
+ *
+ * The element is shown or hidden by removing or adding the `.ng-hide` CSS class onto the element.
+ * The `.ng-hide` CSS class is predefined in AngularJS and sets the display style to none (using an
+ * `!important` flag). For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your HTML file (see
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <!-- when $scope.myValue is truthy (element is hidden) -->
+ * <div ng-hide="myValue" class="ng-hide"></div>
+ *
+ * <!-- when $scope.myValue is falsy (element is visible) -->
+ * <div ng-hide="myValue"></div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * When the `ngHide` expression evaluates to a truthy value then the `.ng-hide` CSS class is added
+ * to the class attribute on the element causing it to become hidden. When falsy, the `.ng-hide`
+ * CSS class is removed from the element causing the element not to appear hidden.
+ *
+ * ## Why is `!important` used?
+ *
+ * You may be wondering why `!important` is used for the `.ng-hide` CSS class. This is because the
+ * `.ng-hide` selector can be easily overridden by heavier selectors. For example, something as
+ * simple as changing the display style on a HTML list item would make hidden elements appear
+ * visible. This also becomes a bigger issue when dealing with CSS frameworks.
+ *
+ * By using `!important`, the show and hide behavior will work as expected despite any clash between
+ * CSS selector specificity (when `!important` isn't used with any conflicting styles). If a
+ * developer chooses to override the styling to change how to hide an element then it is just a
+ * matter of using `!important` in their own CSS code.
+ *
+ * ### Overriding `.ng-hide`
+ *
+ * By default, the `.ng-hide` class will style the element with `display: none !important`. If you
+ * wish to change the hide behavior with `ngShow`/`ngHide`, you can simply overwrite the styles for
+ * the `.ng-hide` CSS class. Note that the selector that needs to be used is actually
+ * `.ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate)` to cope with extra animation classes that can be added.
+ *
+ * ```css
+ * .ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate) {
+ *   /&#42; These are just alternative ways of hiding an element &#42;/
+ *   display: block!important;
+ *   position: absolute;
+ *   top: -9999px;
+ *   left: -9999px;
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * By default you don't need to override in CSS anything and the animations will work around the
+ * display style.
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * | Animation                                           | Occurs                                                                                                     |
+ * |-----------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+ * | {@link $animate#addClass addClass} `.ng-hide`       | After the `ngHide` expression evaluates to a truthy value and just before the contents are set to hidden.  |
+ * | {@link $animate#removeClass removeClass} `.ng-hide` | After the `ngHide` expression evaluates to a non truthy value and just before contents are set to visible. |
+ *
+ * Animations in `ngShow`/`ngHide` work with the show and hide events that are triggered when the
+ * directive expression is true and false. This system works like the animation system present with
+ * `ngClass` except that you must also include the `!important` flag to override the display
+ * property so that the elements are not actually hidden during the animation.
+ *
+ * ```css
+ * /&#42; A working example can be found at the bottom of this page. &#42;/
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add, .my-element.ng-hide-remove {
+ *   transition: all 0.5s linear;
+ * }
+ *
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add.ng-hide-add-active { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-remove { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active { ... }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Keep in mind that, as of AngularJS version 1.3, there is no need to change the display property
+ * to block during animation states - ngAnimate will automatically handle the style toggling for you.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngHide If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy/falsy then the
+ *                            element is hidden/shown respectively.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * A simple example, animating the element's opacity:
+ *
+  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="ng-hide-simple">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      Hide: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" aria-label="Toggle ngHide"><br />
+      <div class="check-element animate-show-hide" ng-hide="checked">
+        I hide when your checkbox is checked.
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .animate-show-hide.ng-hide {
+        opacity: 0;
+      }
+
+      .animate-show-hide.ng-hide-add,
+      .animate-show-hide.ng-hide-remove {
+        transition: all linear 0.5s;
+      }
+
+      .check-element {
+        border: 1px solid black;
+        opacity: 1;
+        padding: 10px;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      it('should check ngHide', function() {
+        var checkbox = element(by.model('checked'));
+        var checkElem = element(by.css('.check-element'));
+
+        expect(checkElem.isDisplayed()).toBe(true);
+        checkbox.click();
+        expect(checkElem.isDisplayed()).toBe(false);
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ *
+ * <hr />
+ * @example
+ * A more complex example, featuring different show/hide animations:
+ *
+  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="ng-hide-complex">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      Hide: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" aria-label="Toggle ngHide"><br />
+      <div class="check-element funky-show-hide" ng-hide="checked">
+        I hide when your checkbox is checked.
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      body {
+        overflow: hidden;
+        perspective: 1000px;
+      }
+
+      .funky-show-hide.ng-hide-add {
+        transform: rotateZ(0);
+        transform-origin: right;
+        transition: all 0.5s ease-in-out;
+      }
+
+      .funky-show-hide.ng-hide-add.ng-hide-add-active {
+        transform: rotateZ(-135deg);
+      }
+
+      .funky-show-hide.ng-hide-remove {
+        transform: rotateY(90deg);
+        transform-origin: left;
+        transition: all 0.5s ease;
+      }
+
+      .funky-show-hide.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active {
+        transform: rotateY(0);
+      }
+
+      .check-element {
+        border: 1px solid black;
+        opacity: 1;
+        padding: 10px;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      it('should check ngHide', function() {
+        var checkbox = element(by.model('checked'));
+        var checkElem = element(by.css('.check-element'));
+
+        expect(checkElem.isDisplayed()).toBe(true);
+        checkbox.click();
+        expect(checkElem.isDisplayed()).toBe(false);
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ *
+ * @knownIssue
+ *
+ * ### Flickering when using ngHide to toggle between elements
+ *
+ * When using {@link ngShow} and / or {@link ngHide} to toggle between elements, it can
+ * happen that both the element to show and the element to hide are visible for a very short time.
+ *
+ * This usually happens when the {@link ngAnimate ngAnimate module} is included, but no actual animations
+ * are defined for {@link ngShow} / {@link ngHide}. Internet Explorer is affected more often than
+ * other browsers.
+ *
+ * There are several way to mitigate this problem:
+ *
+ * - {@link guide/animations#how-to-selectively-enable-disable-and-skip-animations Disable animations on the affected elements}.
+ * - Use {@link ngIf} or {@link ngSwitch} instead of {@link ngShow} / {@link ngHide}.
+ * - Use the special CSS selector `ng-hide.ng-hide-animate` to set `{display: none}` or similar on the affected elements.
+ * - Use `ng-class="{'ng-hide': expression}` instead of instead of {@link ngShow} / {@link ngHide}.
+ * - Define an animation on the affected elements.
+ */
+var ngHideDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    multiElement: true,
+    link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+      scope.$watch(attr.ngHide, function ngHideWatchAction(value) {
+        // The comment inside of the ngShowDirective explains why we add and
+        // remove a temporary class for the show/hide animation
+        $animate[value ? 'addClass' : 'removeClass'](element,NG_HIDE_CLASS, {
+          tempClasses: NG_HIDE_IN_PROGRESS_CLASS
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngStyle
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngStyle` directive allows you to set CSS style on an HTML element conditionally.
+ *
+ * @knownIssue
+ * You should not use {@link guide/interpolation interpolation} in the value of the `style`
+ * attribute, when using the `ngStyle` directive on the same element.
+ * See {@link guide/interpolation#known-issues here} for more info.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngStyle
+ *
+ * {@link guide/expression Expression} which evals to an
+ * object whose keys are CSS style names and values are corresponding values for those CSS
+ * keys.
+ *
+ * Since some CSS style names are not valid keys for an object, they must be quoted.
+ * See the 'background-color' style in the example below.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="ng-style">
+     <file name="index.html">
+        <input type="button" value="set color" ng-click="myStyle={color:'red'}">
+        <input type="button" value="set background" ng-click="myStyle={'background-color':'blue'}">
+        <input type="button" value="clear" ng-click="myStyle={}">
+        <br/>
+        <span ng-style="myStyle">Sample Text</span>
+        <pre>myStyle={{myStyle}}</pre>
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       span {
+         color: black;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       var colorSpan = element(by.css('span'));
+
+       it('should check ng-style', function() {
+         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toMatch(/rgba\(0, 0, 0, 1\)|rgb\(0, 0, 0\)/);
+         element(by.css('input[value=\'set color\']')).click();
+         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toMatch(/rgba\(255, 0, 0, 1\)|rgb\(255, 0, 0\)/);
+         element(by.css('input[value=clear]')).click();
+         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toMatch(/rgba\(0, 0, 0, 1\)|rgb\(0, 0, 0\)/);
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngStyleDirective = ngDirective(function(scope, element, attr) {
+  scope.$watchCollection(attr.ngStyle, function ngStyleWatchAction(newStyles, oldStyles) {
+    if (oldStyles && (newStyles !== oldStyles)) {
+      forEach(oldStyles, function(val, style) { element.css(style, ''); });
+    }
+    if (newStyles) element.css(newStyles);
+  });
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngSwitch
+ * @restrict EA
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngSwitch` directive is used to conditionally swap DOM structure on your template based on a scope expression.
+ * Elements within `ngSwitch` but without `ngSwitchWhen` or `ngSwitchDefault` directives will be preserved at the location
+ * as specified in the template.
+ *
+ * The directive itself works similar to ngInclude, however, instead of downloading template code (or loading it
+ * from the template cache), `ngSwitch` simply chooses one of the nested elements and makes it visible based on which element
+ * matches the value obtained from the evaluated expression. In other words, you define a container element
+ * (where you place the directive), place an expression on the **`on="..."` attribute**
+ * (or the **`ng-switch="..."` attribute**), define any inner elements inside of the directive and place
+ * a when attribute per element. The when attribute is used to inform ngSwitch which element to display when the on
+ * expression is evaluated. If a matching expression is not found via a when attribute then an element with the default
+ * attribute is displayed.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ * Be aware that the attribute values to match against cannot be expressions. They are interpreted
+ * as literal string values to match against.
+ * For example, **`ng-switch-when="someVal"`** will match against the string `"someVal"` not against the
+ * value of the expression `$scope.someVal`.
+ * </div>
+
+ * @animations
+ * | Animation                        | Occurs                              |
+ * |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
+ * | {@link ng.$animate#enter enter}  | after the ngSwitch contents change and the matched child element is placed inside the container |
+ * | {@link ng.$animate#leave leave}  | after the ngSwitch contents change and just before the former contents are removed from the DOM |
+ *
+ * @usage
+ *
+ * ```
+ * <ANY ng-switch="expression">
+ *   <ANY ng-switch-when="matchValue1">...</ANY>
+ *   <ANY ng-switch-when="matchValue2">...</ANY>
+ *   <ANY ng-switch-default>...</ANY>
+ * </ANY>
+ * ```
+ *
+ *
+ * @scope
+ * @priority 1200
+ * @param {*} ngSwitch|on expression to match against <code>ng-switch-when</code>.
+ * On child elements add:
+ *
+ * * `ngSwitchWhen`: the case statement to match against. If match then this
+ *   case will be displayed. If the same match appears multiple times, all the
+ *   elements will be displayed. It is possible to associate multiple values to
+ *   the same `ngSwitchWhen` by defining the optional attribute
+ *   `ngSwitchWhenSeparator`. The separator will be used to split the value of
+ *   the `ngSwitchWhen` attribute into multiple tokens, and the element will show
+ *   if any of the `ngSwitch` evaluates to any of these tokens.
+ * * `ngSwitchDefault`: the default case when no other case match. If there
+ *   are multiple default cases, all of them will be displayed when no other
+ *   case match.
+ *
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example module="switchExample" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="ng-switch">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+        <select ng-model="selection" ng-options="item for item in items">
+        </select>
+        <code>selection={{selection}}</code>
+        <hr/>
+        <div class="animate-switch-container"
+          ng-switch on="selection">
+            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-when="settings|options" ng-switch-when-separator="|">Settings Div</div>
+            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-when="home">Home Span</div>
+            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-default>default</div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="script.js">
+      angular.module('switchExample', ['ngAnimate'])
+        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.items = ['settings', 'home', 'options', 'other'];
+          $scope.selection = $scope.items[0];
+        }]);
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .animate-switch-container {
+        position:relative;
+        background:white;
+        border:1px solid black;
+        height:40px;
+        overflow:hidden;
+      }
+
+      .animate-switch {
+        padding:10px;
+      }
+
+      .animate-switch.ng-animate {
+        transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+
+        position:absolute;
+        top:0;
+        left:0;
+        right:0;
+        bottom:0;
+      }
+
+      .animate-switch.ng-leave.ng-leave-active,
+      .animate-switch.ng-enter {
+        top:-50px;
+      }
+      .animate-switch.ng-leave,
+      .animate-switch.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
+        top:0;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var switchElem = element(by.css('[ng-switch]'));
+      var select = element(by.model('selection'));
+
+      it('should start in settings', function() {
+        expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/Settings Div/);
+      });
+      it('should change to home', function() {
+        select.all(by.css('option')).get(1).click();
+        expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/Home Span/);
+      });
+      it('should change to settings via "options"', function() {
+        select.all(by.css('option')).get(2).click();
+        expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/Settings Div/);
+      });
+      it('should select default', function() {
+        select.all(by.css('option')).get(3).click();
+        expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/default/);
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+var ngSwitchDirective = ['$animate', '$compile', function($animate, $compile) {
+  return {
+    require: 'ngSwitch',
+
+    // asks for $scope to fool the BC controller module
+    controller: ['$scope', function NgSwitchController() {
+     this.cases = {};
+    }],
+    link: function(scope, element, attr, ngSwitchController) {
+      var watchExpr = attr.ngSwitch || attr.on,
+          selectedTranscludes = [],
+          selectedElements = [],
+          previousLeaveAnimations = [],
+          selectedScopes = [];
+
+      var spliceFactory = function(array, index) {
+          return function(response) {
+            if (response !== false) array.splice(index, 1);
+          };
+      };
+
+      scope.$watch(watchExpr, function ngSwitchWatchAction(value) {
+        var i, ii;
+
+        // Start with the last, in case the array is modified during the loop
+        while (previousLeaveAnimations.length) {
+          $animate.cancel(previousLeaveAnimations.pop());
+        }
+
+        for (i = 0, ii = selectedScopes.length; i < ii; ++i) {
+          var selected = getBlockNodes(selectedElements[i].clone);
+          selectedScopes[i].$destroy();
+          var runner = previousLeaveAnimations[i] = $animate.leave(selected);
+          runner.done(spliceFactory(previousLeaveAnimations, i));
+        }
+
+        selectedElements.length = 0;
+        selectedScopes.length = 0;
+
+        if ((selectedTranscludes = ngSwitchController.cases['!' + value] || ngSwitchController.cases['?'])) {
+          forEach(selectedTranscludes, function(selectedTransclude) {
+            selectedTransclude.transclude(function(caseElement, selectedScope) {
+              selectedScopes.push(selectedScope);
+              var anchor = selectedTransclude.element;
+              caseElement[caseElement.length++] = $compile.$$createComment('end ngSwitchWhen');
+              var block = { clone: caseElement };
+
+              selectedElements.push(block);
+              $animate.enter(caseElement, anchor.parent(), anchor);
+            });
+          });
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+var ngSwitchWhenDirective = ngDirective({
+  transclude: 'element',
+  priority: 1200,
+  require: '^ngSwitch',
+  multiElement: true,
+  link: function(scope, element, attrs, ctrl, $transclude) {
+
+    var cases = attrs.ngSwitchWhen.split(attrs.ngSwitchWhenSeparator).sort().filter(
+      // Filter duplicate cases
+      function(element, index, array) { return array[index - 1] !== element; }
+    );
+
+    forEach(cases, function(whenCase) {
+      ctrl.cases['!' + whenCase] = (ctrl.cases['!' + whenCase] || []);
+      ctrl.cases['!' + whenCase].push({ transclude: $transclude, element: element });
+    });
+  }
+});
+
+var ngSwitchDefaultDirective = ngDirective({
+  transclude: 'element',
+  priority: 1200,
+  require: '^ngSwitch',
+  multiElement: true,
+  link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
+    ctrl.cases['?'] = (ctrl.cases['?'] || []);
+    ctrl.cases['?'].push({ transclude: $transclude, element: element });
+   }
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngTransclude
+ * @restrict EAC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Directive that marks the insertion point for the transcluded DOM of the nearest parent directive that uses transclusion.
+ *
+ * You can specify that you want to insert a named transclusion slot, instead of the default slot, by providing the slot name
+ * as the value of the `ng-transclude` or `ng-transclude-slot` attribute.
+ *
+ * If the transcluded content is not empty (i.e. contains one or more DOM nodes, including whitespace text nodes), any existing
+ * content of this element will be removed before the transcluded content is inserted.
+ * If the transcluded content is empty (or only whitespace), the existing content is left intact. This lets you provide fallback
+ * content in the case that no transcluded content is provided.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ *
+ * @param {string} ngTransclude|ngTranscludeSlot the name of the slot to insert at this point. If this is not provided, is empty
+ *                                               or its value is the same as the name of the attribute then the default slot is used.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Basic transclusion
+ * This example demonstrates basic transclusion of content into a component directive.
+ * <example name="simpleTranscludeExample" module="transcludeExample">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <script>
+ *       angular.module('transcludeExample', [])
+ *        .directive('pane', function(){
+ *           return {
+ *             restrict: 'E',
+ *             transclude: true,
+ *             scope: { title:'@' },
+ *             template: '<div style="border: 1px solid black;">' +
+ *                         '<div style="background-color: gray">{{title}}</div>' +
+ *                         '<ng-transclude></ng-transclude>' +
+ *                       '</div>'
+ *           };
+ *       })
+ *       .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *         $scope.title = 'Lorem Ipsum';
+ *         $scope.text = 'Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor...';
+ *       }]);
+ *     </script>
+ *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *       <input ng-model="title" aria-label="title"> <br/>
+ *       <textarea ng-model="text" aria-label="text"></textarea> <br/>
+ *       <pane title="{{title}}"><span>{{text}}</span></pane>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *      it('should have transcluded', function() {
+ *        var titleElement = element(by.model('title'));
+ *        titleElement.clear();
+ *        titleElement.sendKeys('TITLE');
+ *        var textElement = element(by.model('text'));
+ *        textElement.clear();
+ *        textElement.sendKeys('TEXT');
+ *        expect(element(by.binding('title')).getText()).toEqual('TITLE');
+ *        expect(element(by.binding('text')).getText()).toEqual('TEXT');
+ *      });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Transclude fallback content
+ * This example shows how to use `NgTransclude` with fallback content, that
+ * is displayed if no transcluded content is provided.
+ *
+ * <example module="transcludeFallbackContentExample" name="ng-transclude">
+ * <file name="index.html">
+ * <script>
+ * angular.module('transcludeFallbackContentExample', [])
+ * .directive('myButton', function(){
+ *             return {
+ *               restrict: 'E',
+ *               transclude: true,
+ *               scope: true,
+ *               template: '<button style="cursor: pointer;">' +
+ *                           '<ng-transclude>' +
+ *                             '<b style="color: red;">Button1</b>' +
+ *                           '</ng-transclude>' +
+ *                         '</button>'
+ *             };
+ *         });
+ * </script>
+ * <!-- fallback button content -->
+ * <my-button id="fallback"></my-button>
+ * <!-- modified button content -->
+ * <my-button id="modified">
+ *   <i style="color: green;">Button2</i>
+ * </my-button>
+ * </file>
+ * <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ * it('should have different transclude element content', function() {
+ *          expect(element(by.id('fallback')).getText()).toBe('Button1');
+ *          expect(element(by.id('modified')).getText()).toBe('Button2');
+ *        });
+ * </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Multi-slot transclusion
+ * This example demonstrates using multi-slot transclusion in a component directive.
+ * <example name="multiSlotTranscludeExample" module="multiSlotTranscludeExample">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *    <style>
+ *      .title, .footer {
+ *        background-color: gray
+ *      }
+ *    </style>
+ *    <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *      <input ng-model="title" aria-label="title"> <br/>
+ *      <textarea ng-model="text" aria-label="text"></textarea> <br/>
+ *      <pane>
+ *        <pane-title><a ng-href="{{link}}">{{title}}</a></pane-title>
+ *        <pane-body><p>{{text}}</p></pane-body>
+ *      </pane>
+ *    </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="app.js">
+ *    angular.module('multiSlotTranscludeExample', [])
+ *     .directive('pane', function() {
+ *        return {
+ *          restrict: 'E',
+ *          transclude: {
+ *            'title': '?paneTitle',
+ *            'body': 'paneBody',
+ *            'footer': '?paneFooter'
+ *          },
+ *          template: '<div style="border: 1px solid black;">' +
+ *                      '<div class="title" ng-transclude="title">Fallback Title</div>' +
+ *                      '<div ng-transclude="body"></div>' +
+ *                      '<div class="footer" ng-transclude="footer">Fallback Footer</div>' +
+ *                    '</div>'
+ *        };
+ *    })
+ *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *      $scope.title = 'Lorem Ipsum';
+ *      $scope.link = 'https://google.com';
+ *      $scope.text = 'Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor...';
+ *    }]);
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *      it('should have transcluded the title and the body', function() {
+ *        var titleElement = element(by.model('title'));
+ *        titleElement.clear();
+ *        titleElement.sendKeys('TITLE');
+ *        var textElement = element(by.model('text'));
+ *        textElement.clear();
+ *        textElement.sendKeys('TEXT');
+ *        expect(element(by.css('.title')).getText()).toEqual('TITLE');
+ *        expect(element(by.binding('text')).getText()).toEqual('TEXT');
+ *        expect(element(by.css('.footer')).getText()).toEqual('Fallback Footer');
+ *      });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ */
+var ngTranscludeMinErr = minErr('ngTransclude');
+var ngTranscludeDirective = ['$compile', function($compile) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'EAC',
+    compile: function ngTranscludeCompile(tElement) {
+
+      // Remove and cache any original content to act as a fallback
+      var fallbackLinkFn = $compile(tElement.contents());
+      tElement.empty();
+
+      return function ngTranscludePostLink($scope, $element, $attrs, controller, $transclude) {
+
+        if (!$transclude) {
+          throw ngTranscludeMinErr('orphan',
+          'Illegal use of ngTransclude directive in the template! ' +
+          'No parent directive that requires a transclusion found. ' +
+          'Element: {0}',
+          startingTag($element));
+        }
+
+
+        // If the attribute is of the form: `ng-transclude="ng-transclude"` then treat it like the default
+        if ($attrs.ngTransclude === $attrs.$attr.ngTransclude) {
+          $attrs.ngTransclude = '';
+        }
+        var slotName = $attrs.ngTransclude || $attrs.ngTranscludeSlot;
+
+        // If the slot is required and no transclusion content is provided then this call will throw an error
+        $transclude(ngTranscludeCloneAttachFn, null, slotName);
+
+        // If the slot is optional and no transclusion content is provided then use the fallback content
+        if (slotName && !$transclude.isSlotFilled(slotName)) {
+          useFallbackContent();
+        }
+
+        function ngTranscludeCloneAttachFn(clone, transcludedScope) {
+          if (clone.length && notWhitespace(clone)) {
+            $element.append(clone);
+          } else {
+            useFallbackContent();
+            // There is nothing linked against the transcluded scope since no content was available,
+            // so it should be safe to clean up the generated scope.
+            transcludedScope.$destroy();
+          }
+        }
+
+        function useFallbackContent() {
+          // Since this is the fallback content rather than the transcluded content,
+          // we link against the scope of this directive rather than the transcluded scope
+          fallbackLinkFn($scope, function(clone) {
+            $element.append(clone);
+          });
+        }
+
+        function notWhitespace(nodes) {
+          for (var i = 0, ii = nodes.length; i < ii; i++) {
+            var node = nodes[i];
+            if (node.nodeType !== NODE_TYPE_TEXT || node.nodeValue.trim()) {
+              return true;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name script
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Load the content of a `<script>` element into {@link ng.$templateCache `$templateCache`}, so that the
+ * template can be used by {@link ng.directive:ngInclude `ngInclude`},
+ * {@link ngRoute.directive:ngView `ngView`}, or {@link guide/directive directives}. The type of the
+ * `<script>` element must be specified as `text/ng-template`, and a cache name for the template must be
+ * assigned through the element's `id`, which can then be used as a directive's `templateUrl`.
+ *
+ * @param {string} type Must be set to `'text/ng-template'`.
+ * @param {string} id Cache name of the template.
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example  name="script-tag">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <script type="text/ng-template" id="/tpl.html">
+        Content of the template.
+      </script>
+
+      <a ng-click="currentTpl='/tpl.html'" id="tpl-link">Load inlined template</a>
+      <div id="tpl-content" ng-include src="currentTpl"></div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      it('should load template defined inside script tag', function() {
+        element(by.css('#tpl-link')).click();
+        expect(element(by.css('#tpl-content')).getText()).toMatch(/Content of the template/);
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+var scriptDirective = ['$templateCache', function($templateCache) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    terminal: true,
+    compile: function(element, attr) {
+      if (attr.type === 'text/ng-template') {
+        var templateUrl = attr.id,
+            text = element[0].text;
+
+        $templateCache.put(templateUrl, text);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+/* exported selectDirective, optionDirective */
+
+var noopNgModelController = { $setViewValue: noop, $render: noop };
+
+function setOptionSelectedStatus(optionEl, value) {
+  optionEl.prop('selected', value);
+  /**
+   * When unselecting an option, setting the property to null / false should be enough
+   * However, screenreaders might react to the selected attribute instead, see
+   * https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/14419
+   * Note: "selected" is a boolean attr and will be removed when the "value" arg in attr() is false
+   * or null
+   */
+  optionEl.attr('selected', value);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc type
+ * @name  select.SelectController
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The controller for the {@link ng.select select} directive. The controller exposes
+ * a few utility methods that can be used to augment the behavior of a regular or an
+ * {@link ng.ngOptions ngOptions} select element.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Set a custom error when the unknown option is selected
+ *
+ * This example sets a custom error "unknownValue" on the ngModelController
+ * when the select element's unknown option is selected, i.e. when the model is set to a value
+ * that is not matched by any option.
+ *
+ * <example name="select-unknown-value-error" module="staticSelect">
+ * <file name="index.html">
+ * <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *   <form name="myForm">
+ *     <label for="testSelect"> Single select: </label><br>
+ *     <select name="testSelect" ng-model="selected" unknown-value-error>
+ *       <option value="option-1">Option 1</option>
+ *       <option value="option-2">Option 2</option>
+ *     </select><br>
+ *     <span class="error" ng-if="myForm.testSelect.$error.unknownValue">
+ *       Error: The current model doesn't match any option</span><br>
+ *
+ *     <button ng-click="forceUnknownOption()">Force unknown option</button><br>
+ *   </form>
+ * </div>
+ * </file>
+ * <file name="app.js">
+ *  angular.module('staticSelect', [])
+ *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *      $scope.selected = null;
+ *
+ *      $scope.forceUnknownOption = function() {
+ *        $scope.selected = 'nonsense';
+ *      };
+ *   }])
+ *   .directive('unknownValueError', function() {
+ *     return {
+ *       require: ['ngModel', 'select'],
+ *       link: function(scope, element, attrs, ctrls) {
+ *         var ngModelCtrl = ctrls[0];
+ *         var selectCtrl = ctrls[1];
+ *
+ *         ngModelCtrl.$validators.unknownValue = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+ *           if (selectCtrl.$isUnknownOptionSelected()) {
+ *             return false;
+ *           }
+ *
+ *           return true;
+ *         };
+ *       }
+ *
+ *     };
+ *   });
+ * </file>
+ *</example>
+ *
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Set the "required" error when the unknown option is selected.
+ *
+ * By default, the "required" error on the ngModelController is only set on a required select
+ * when the empty option is selected. This example adds a custom directive that also sets the
+ * error when the unknown option is selected.
+ *
+ * <example name="select-unknown-value-required" module="staticSelect">
+ * <file name="index.html">
+ * <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *   <form name="myForm">
+ *     <label for="testSelect"> Select: </label><br>
+ *     <select name="testSelect" ng-model="selected" required unknown-value-required>
+ *       <option value="option-1">Option 1</option>
+ *       <option value="option-2">Option 2</option>
+ *     </select><br>
+ *     <span class="error" ng-if="myForm.testSelect.$error.required">Error: Please select a value</span><br>
+ *
+ *     <button ng-click="forceUnknownOption()">Force unknown option</button><br>
+ *   </form>
+ * </div>
+ * </file>
+ * <file name="app.js">
+ *  angular.module('staticSelect', [])
+ *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *      $scope.selected = null;
+ *
+ *      $scope.forceUnknownOption = function() {
+ *        $scope.selected = 'nonsense';
+ *      };
+ *   }])
+ *   .directive('unknownValueRequired', function() {
+ *     return {
+ *       priority: 1, // This directive must run after the required directive has added its validator
+ *       require: ['ngModel', 'select'],
+ *       link: function(scope, element, attrs, ctrls) {
+ *         var ngModelCtrl = ctrls[0];
+ *         var selectCtrl = ctrls[1];
+ *
+ *         var originalRequiredValidator = ngModelCtrl.$validators.required;
+ *
+ *         ngModelCtrl.$validators.required = function() {
+ *           if (attrs.required && selectCtrl.$isUnknownOptionSelected()) {
+ *             return false;
+ *           }
+ *
+ *           return originalRequiredValidator.apply(this, arguments);
+ *         };
+ *       }
+ *     };
+ *   });
+ * </file>
+ * <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *  it('should show the error message when the unknown option is selected', function() {
+
+      var error = element(by.className('error'));
+
+      expect(error.getText()).toBe('Error: Please select a value');
+
+      element(by.cssContainingText('option', 'Option 1')).click();
+
+      expect(error.isPresent()).toBe(false);
+
+      element(by.tagName('button')).click();
+
+      expect(error.getText()).toBe('Error: Please select a value');
+    });
+ * </file>
+ *</example>
+ *
+ *
+ */
+var SelectController =
+        ['$element', '$scope', /** @this */ function($element, $scope) {
+
+  var self = this,
+      optionsMap = new NgMap();
+
+  self.selectValueMap = {}; // Keys are the hashed values, values the original values
+
+  // If the ngModel doesn't get provided then provide a dummy noop version to prevent errors
+  self.ngModelCtrl = noopNgModelController;
+  self.multiple = false;
+
+  // The "unknown" option is one that is prepended to the list if the viewValue
+  // does not match any of the options. When it is rendered the value of the unknown
+  // option is '? XXX ?' where XXX is the hashKey of the value that is not known.
+  //
+  // Support: IE 9 only
+  // We can't just jqLite('<option>') since jqLite is not smart enough
+  // to create it in <select> and IE barfs otherwise.
+  self.unknownOption = jqLite(window.document.createElement('option'));
+
+  // The empty option is an option with the value '' that the application developer can
+  // provide inside the select. It is always selectable and indicates that a "null" selection has
+  // been made by the user.
+  // If the select has an empty option, and the model of the select is set to "undefined" or "null",
+  // the empty option is selected.
+  // If the model is set to a different unmatched value, the unknown option is rendered and
+  // selected, i.e both are present, because a "null" selection and an unknown value are different.
+  self.hasEmptyOption = false;
+  self.emptyOption = undefined;
+
+  self.renderUnknownOption = function(val) {
+    var unknownVal = self.generateUnknownOptionValue(val);
+    self.unknownOption.val(unknownVal);
+    $element.prepend(self.unknownOption);
+    setOptionSelectedStatus(self.unknownOption, true);
+    $element.val(unknownVal);
+  };
+
+  self.updateUnknownOption = function(val) {
+    var unknownVal = self.generateUnknownOptionValue(val);
+    self.unknownOption.val(unknownVal);
+    setOptionSelectedStatus(self.unknownOption, true);
+    $element.val(unknownVal);
+  };
+
+  self.generateUnknownOptionValue = function(val) {
+    return '? ' + hashKey(val) + ' ?';
+  };
+
+  self.removeUnknownOption = function() {
+    if (self.unknownOption.parent()) self.unknownOption.remove();
+  };
+
+  self.selectEmptyOption = function() {
+    if (self.emptyOption) {
+      $element.val('');
+      setOptionSelectedStatus(self.emptyOption, true);
+    }
+  };
+
+  self.unselectEmptyOption = function() {
+    if (self.hasEmptyOption) {
+      setOptionSelectedStatus(self.emptyOption, false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+    // disable unknown option so that we don't do work when the whole select is being destroyed
+    self.renderUnknownOption = noop;
+  });
+
+  // Read the value of the select control, the implementation of this changes depending
+  // upon whether the select can have multiple values and whether ngOptions is at work.
+  self.readValue = function readSingleValue() {
+    var val = $element.val();
+    // ngValue added option values are stored in the selectValueMap, normal interpolations are not
+    var realVal = val in self.selectValueMap ? self.selectValueMap[val] : val;
+
+    if (self.hasOption(realVal)) {
+      return realVal;
+    }
+
+    return null;
+  };
+
+
+  // Write the value to the select control, the implementation of this changes depending
+  // upon whether the select can have multiple values and whether ngOptions is at work.
+  self.writeValue = function writeSingleValue(value) {
+    // Make sure to remove the selected attribute from the previously selected option
+    // Otherwise, screen readers might get confused
+    var currentlySelectedOption = $element[0].options[$element[0].selectedIndex];
+    if (currentlySelectedOption) setOptionSelectedStatus(jqLite(currentlySelectedOption), false);
+
+    if (self.hasOption(value)) {
+      self.removeUnknownOption();
+
+      var hashedVal = hashKey(value);
+      $element.val(hashedVal in self.selectValueMap ? hashedVal : value);
+
+      // Set selected attribute and property on selected option for screen readers
+      var selectedOption = $element[0].options[$element[0].selectedIndex];
+      setOptionSelectedStatus(jqLite(selectedOption), true);
+    } else {
+      self.selectUnknownOrEmptyOption(value);
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  // Tell the select control that an option, with the given value, has been added
+  self.addOption = function(value, element) {
+    // Skip comment nodes, as they only pollute the `optionsMap`
+    if (element[0].nodeType === NODE_TYPE_COMMENT) return;
+
+    assertNotHasOwnProperty(value, '"option value"');
+    if (value === '') {
+      self.hasEmptyOption = true;
+      self.emptyOption = element;
+    }
+    var count = optionsMap.get(value) || 0;
+    optionsMap.set(value, count + 1);
+    // Only render at the end of a digest. This improves render performance when many options
+    // are added during a digest and ensures all relevant options are correctly marked as selected
+    scheduleRender();
+  };
+
+  // Tell the select control that an option, with the given value, has been removed
+  self.removeOption = function(value) {
+    var count = optionsMap.get(value);
+    if (count) {
+      if (count === 1) {
+        optionsMap.delete(value);
+        if (value === '') {
+          self.hasEmptyOption = false;
+          self.emptyOption = undefined;
+        }
+      } else {
+        optionsMap.set(value, count - 1);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Check whether the select control has an option matching the given value
+  self.hasOption = function(value) {
+    return !!optionsMap.get(value);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name select.SelectController#$hasEmptyOption
+   *
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Returns `true` if the select element currently has an empty option
+   * element, i.e. an option that signifies that the select is empty / the selection is null.
+   *
+   */
+  self.$hasEmptyOption = function() {
+    return self.hasEmptyOption;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name select.SelectController#$isUnknownOptionSelected
+   *
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Returns `true` if the select element's unknown option is selected. The unknown option is added
+   * and automatically selected whenever the select model doesn't match any option.
+   *
+   */
+  self.$isUnknownOptionSelected = function() {
+    // Presence of the unknown option means it is selected
+    return $element[0].options[0] === self.unknownOption[0];
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name select.SelectController#$isEmptyOptionSelected
+   *
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Returns `true` if the select element has an empty option and this empty option is currently
+   * selected. Returns `false` if the select element has no empty option or it is not selected.
+   *
+   */
+  self.$isEmptyOptionSelected = function() {
+    return self.hasEmptyOption && $element[0].options[$element[0].selectedIndex] === self.emptyOption[0];
+  };
+
+  self.selectUnknownOrEmptyOption = function(value) {
+    if (value == null && self.emptyOption) {
+      self.removeUnknownOption();
+      self.selectEmptyOption();
+    } else if (self.unknownOption.parent().length) {
+      self.updateUnknownOption(value);
+    } else {
+      self.renderUnknownOption(value);
+    }
+  };
+
+  var renderScheduled = false;
+  function scheduleRender() {
+    if (renderScheduled) return;
+    renderScheduled = true;
+    $scope.$$postDigest(function() {
+      renderScheduled = false;
+      self.ngModelCtrl.$render();
+    });
+  }
+
+  var updateScheduled = false;
+  function scheduleViewValueUpdate(renderAfter) {
+    if (updateScheduled) return;
+
+    updateScheduled = true;
+
+    $scope.$$postDigest(function() {
+      if ($scope.$$destroyed) return;
+
+      updateScheduled = false;
+      self.ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue(self.readValue());
+      if (renderAfter) self.ngModelCtrl.$render();
+    });
+  }
+
+
+  self.registerOption = function(optionScope, optionElement, optionAttrs, interpolateValueFn, interpolateTextFn) {
+
+    if (optionAttrs.$attr.ngValue) {
+      // The value attribute is set by ngValue
+      var oldVal, hashedVal;
+      optionAttrs.$observe('value', function valueAttributeObserveAction(newVal) {
+
+        var removal;
+        var previouslySelected = optionElement.prop('selected');
+
+        if (isDefined(hashedVal)) {
+          self.removeOption(oldVal);
+          delete self.selectValueMap[hashedVal];
+          removal = true;
+        }
+
+        hashedVal = hashKey(newVal);
+        oldVal = newVal;
+        self.selectValueMap[hashedVal] = newVal;
+        self.addOption(newVal, optionElement);
+        // Set the attribute directly instead of using optionAttrs.$set - this stops the observer
+        // from firing a second time. Other $observers on value will also get the result of the
+        // ngValue expression, not the hashed value
+        optionElement.attr('value', hashedVal);
+
+        if (removal && previouslySelected) {
+          scheduleViewValueUpdate();
+        }
+
+      });
+    } else if (interpolateValueFn) {
+      // The value attribute is interpolated
+      optionAttrs.$observe('value', function valueAttributeObserveAction(newVal) {
+        // This method is overwritten in ngOptions and has side-effects!
+        self.readValue();
+
+        var removal;
+        var previouslySelected = optionElement.prop('selected');
+
+        if (isDefined(oldVal)) {
+          self.removeOption(oldVal);
+          removal = true;
+        }
+        oldVal = newVal;
+        self.addOption(newVal, optionElement);
+
+        if (removal && previouslySelected) {
+          scheduleViewValueUpdate();
+        }
+      });
+    } else if (interpolateTextFn) {
+      // The text content is interpolated
+      optionScope.$watch(interpolateTextFn, function interpolateWatchAction(newVal, oldVal) {
+        optionAttrs.$set('value', newVal);
+        var previouslySelected = optionElement.prop('selected');
+        if (oldVal !== newVal) {
+          self.removeOption(oldVal);
+        }
+        self.addOption(newVal, optionElement);
+
+        if (oldVal && previouslySelected) {
+          scheduleViewValueUpdate();
+        }
+      });
+    } else {
+      // The value attribute is static
+      self.addOption(optionAttrs.value, optionElement);
+    }
+
+
+    optionAttrs.$observe('disabled', function(newVal) {
+
+      // Since model updates will also select disabled options (like ngOptions),
+      // we only have to handle options becoming disabled, not enabled
+
+      if (newVal === 'true' || newVal && optionElement.prop('selected')) {
+        if (self.multiple) {
+          scheduleViewValueUpdate(true);
+        } else {
+          self.ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue(null);
+          self.ngModelCtrl.$render();
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    optionElement.on('$destroy', function() {
+      var currentValue = self.readValue();
+      var removeValue = optionAttrs.value;
+
+      self.removeOption(removeValue);
+      scheduleRender();
+
+      if (self.multiple && currentValue && currentValue.indexOf(removeValue) !== -1 ||
+          currentValue === removeValue
+      ) {
+        // When multiple (selected) options are destroyed at the same time, we don't want
+        // to run a model update for each of them. Instead, run a single update in the $$postDigest
+        scheduleViewValueUpdate(true);
+      }
+    });
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name select
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * HTML `select` element with AngularJS data-binding.
+ *
+ * The `select` directive is used together with {@link ngModel `ngModel`} to provide data-binding
+ * between the scope and the `<select>` control (including setting default values).
+ * It also handles dynamic `<option>` elements, which can be added using the {@link ngRepeat `ngRepeat}` or
+ * {@link ngOptions `ngOptions`} directives.
+ *
+ * When an item in the `<select>` menu is selected, the value of the selected option will be bound
+ * to the model identified by the `ngModel` directive. With static or repeated options, this is
+ * the content of the `value` attribute or the textContent of the `<option>`, if the value attribute is missing.
+ * Value and textContent can be interpolated.
+ *
+ * The {@link select.SelectController select controller} exposes utility functions that can be used
+ * to manipulate the select's behavior.
+ *
+ * ## Matching model and option values
+ *
+ * In general, the match between the model and an option is evaluated by strictly comparing the model
+ * value against the value of the available options.
+ *
+ * If you are setting the option value with the option's `value` attribute, or textContent, the
+ * value will always be a `string` which means that the model value must also be a string.
+ * Otherwise the `select` directive cannot match them correctly.
+ *
+ * To bind the model to a non-string value, you can use one of the following strategies:
+ * - the {@link ng.ngOptions `ngOptions`} directive
+ *   ({@link ng.select#using-select-with-ngoptions-and-setting-a-default-value})
+ * - the {@link ng.ngValue `ngValue`} directive, which allows arbitrary expressions to be
+ *   option values ({@link ng.select#using-ngvalue-to-bind-the-model-to-an-array-of-objects Example})
+ * - model $parsers / $formatters to convert the string value
+ *   ({@link ng.select#binding-select-to-a-non-string-value-via-ngmodel-parsing-formatting Example})
+ *
+ * If the viewValue of `ngModel` does not match any of the options, then the control
+ * will automatically add an "unknown" option, which it then removes when the mismatch is resolved.
+ *
+ * Optionally, a single hard-coded `<option>` element, with the value set to an empty string, can
+ * be nested into the `<select>` element. This element will then represent the `null` or "not selected"
+ * option. See example below for demonstration.
+ *
+ * ## Choosing between `ngRepeat` and `ngOptions`
+ *
+ * In many cases, `ngRepeat` can be used on `<option>` elements instead of {@link ng.directive:ngOptions
+ * ngOptions} to achieve a similar result. However, `ngOptions` provides some benefits:
+ * - more flexibility in how the `<select>`'s model is assigned via the `select` **`as`** part of the
+ * comprehension expression
+ * - reduced memory consumption by not creating a new scope for each repeated instance
+ * - increased render speed by creating the options in a documentFragment instead of individually
+ *
+ * Specifically, select with repeated options slows down significantly starting at 2000 options in
+ * Chrome and Internet Explorer / Edge.
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+ * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+ * @param {string=} multiple Allows multiple options to be selected. The selected values will be
+ *     bound to the model as an array.
+ * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+ * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds required attribute and required validation constraint to
+ * the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use ngRequired instead of required
+ * when you want to data-bind to the required attribute.
+ * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when selected option(s) changes due to user
+ *    interaction with the select element.
+ * @param {string=} ngOptions sets the options that the select is populated with and defines what is
+ * set on the model on selection. See {@link ngOptions `ngOptions`}.
+ * @param {string=} ngAttrSize sets the size of the select element dynamically. Uses the
+ * {@link guide/interpolation#-ngattr-for-binding-to-arbitrary-attributes ngAttr} directive.
+ *
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Simple `select` elements with static options
+ *
+ * <example name="static-select" module="staticSelect">
+ * <file name="index.html">
+ * <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *   <form name="myForm">
+ *     <label for="singleSelect"> Single select: </label><br>
+ *     <select name="singleSelect" ng-model="data.singleSelect">
+ *       <option value="option-1">Option 1</option>
+ *       <option value="option-2">Option 2</option>
+ *     </select><br>
+ *
+ *     <label for="singleSelect"> Single select with "not selected" option and dynamic option values: </label><br>
+ *     <select name="singleSelect" id="singleSelect" ng-model="data.singleSelect">
+ *       <option value="">---Please select---</option> <!-- not selected / blank option -->
+ *       <option value="{{data.option1}}">Option 1</option> <!-- interpolation -->
+ *       <option value="option-2">Option 2</option>
+ *     </select><br>
+ *     <button ng-click="forceUnknownOption()">Force unknown option</button><br>
+ *     <tt>singleSelect = {{data.singleSelect}}</tt>
+ *
+ *     <hr>
+ *     <label for="multipleSelect"> Multiple select: </label><br>
+ *     <select name="multipleSelect" id="multipleSelect" ng-model="data.multipleSelect" multiple>
+ *       <option value="option-1">Option 1</option>
+ *       <option value="option-2">Option 2</option>
+ *       <option value="option-3">Option 3</option>
+ *     </select><br>
+ *     <tt>multipleSelect = {{data.multipleSelect}}</tt><br/>
+ *   </form>
+ * </div>
+ * </file>
+ * <file name="app.js">
+ *  angular.module('staticSelect', [])
+ *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *      $scope.data = {
+ *       singleSelect: null,
+ *       multipleSelect: [],
+ *       option1: 'option-1'
+ *      };
+ *
+ *      $scope.forceUnknownOption = function() {
+ *        $scope.data.singleSelect = 'nonsense';
+ *      };
+ *   }]);
+ * </file>
+ *</example>
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Using `ngRepeat` to generate `select` options
+ * <example name="select-ngrepeat" module="ngrepeatSelect">
+ * <file name="index.html">
+ * <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *   <form name="myForm">
+ *     <label for="repeatSelect"> Repeat select: </label>
+ *     <select name="repeatSelect" id="repeatSelect" ng-model="data.model">
+ *       <option ng-repeat="option in data.availableOptions" value="{{option.id}}">{{option.name}}</option>
+ *     </select>
+ *   </form>
+ *   <hr>
+ *   <tt>model = {{data.model}}</tt><br/>
+ * </div>
+ * </file>
+ * <file name="app.js">
+ *  angular.module('ngrepeatSelect', [])
+ *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *      $scope.data = {
+ *       model: null,
+ *       availableOptions: [
+ *         {id: '1', name: 'Option A'},
+ *         {id: '2', name: 'Option B'},
+ *         {id: '3', name: 'Option C'}
+ *       ]
+ *      };
+ *   }]);
+ * </file>
+ *</example>
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Using `ngValue` to bind the model to an array of objects
+ * <example name="select-ngvalue" module="ngvalueSelect">
+ * <file name="index.html">
+ * <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *   <form name="myForm">
+ *     <label for="ngvalueselect"> ngvalue select: </label>
+ *     <select size="6" name="ngvalueselect" ng-model="data.model" multiple>
+ *       <option ng-repeat="option in data.availableOptions" ng-value="option.value">{{option.name}}</option>
+ *     </select>
+ *   </form>
+ *   <hr>
+ *   <pre>model = {{data.model | json}}</pre><br/>
+ * </div>
+ * </file>
+ * <file name="app.js">
+ *  angular.module('ngvalueSelect', [])
+ *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *      $scope.data = {
+ *       model: null,
+ *       availableOptions: [
+           {value: 'myString', name: 'string'},
+           {value: 1, name: 'integer'},
+           {value: true, name: 'boolean'},
+           {value: null, name: 'null'},
+           {value: {prop: 'value'}, name: 'object'},
+           {value: ['a'], name: 'array'}
+ *       ]
+ *      };
+ *   }]);
+ * </file>
+ *</example>
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Using `select` with `ngOptions` and setting a default value
+ * See the {@link ngOptions ngOptions documentation} for more `ngOptions` usage examples.
+ *
+ * <example name="select-with-default-values" module="defaultValueSelect">
+ * <file name="index.html">
+ * <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *   <form name="myForm">
+ *     <label for="mySelect">Make a choice:</label>
+ *     <select name="mySelect" id="mySelect"
+ *       ng-options="option.name for option in data.availableOptions track by option.id"
+ *       ng-model="data.selectedOption"></select>
+ *   </form>
+ *   <hr>
+ *   <tt>option = {{data.selectedOption}}</tt><br/>
+ * </div>
+ * </file>
+ * <file name="app.js">
+ *  angular.module('defaultValueSelect', [])
+ *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *      $scope.data = {
+ *       availableOptions: [
+ *         {id: '1', name: 'Option A'},
+ *         {id: '2', name: 'Option B'},
+ *         {id: '3', name: 'Option C'}
+ *       ],
+ *       selectedOption: {id: '3', name: 'Option C'} //This sets the default value of the select in the ui
+ *       };
+ *   }]);
+ * </file>
+ *</example>
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Binding `select` to a non-string value via `ngModel` parsing / formatting
+ *
+ * <example name="select-with-non-string-options" module="nonStringSelect">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <select ng-model="model.id" convert-to-number>
+ *       <option value="0">Zero</option>
+ *       <option value="1">One</option>
+ *       <option value="2">Two</option>
+ *     </select>
+ *     {{ model }}
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="app.js">
+ *     angular.module('nonStringSelect', [])
+ *       .run(function($rootScope) {
+ *         $rootScope.model = { id: 2 };
+ *       })
+ *       .directive('convertToNumber', function() {
+ *         return {
+ *           require: 'ngModel',
+ *           link: function(scope, element, attrs, ngModel) {
+ *             ngModel.$parsers.push(function(val) {
+ *               return parseInt(val, 10);
+ *             });
+ *             ngModel.$formatters.push(function(val) {
+ *               return '' + val;
+ *             });
+ *           }
+ *         };
+ *       });
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *     it('should initialize to model', function() {
+ *       expect(element(by.model('model.id')).$('option:checked').getText()).toEqual('Two');
+ *     });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ */
+var selectDirective = function() {
+
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    require: ['select', '?ngModel'],
+    controller: SelectController,
+    priority: 1,
+    link: {
+      pre: selectPreLink,
+      post: selectPostLink
+    }
+  };
+
+  function selectPreLink(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
+
+      var selectCtrl = ctrls[0];
+      var ngModelCtrl = ctrls[1];
+
+      // if ngModel is not defined, we don't need to do anything but set the registerOption
+      // function to noop, so options don't get added internally
+      if (!ngModelCtrl) {
+        selectCtrl.registerOption = noop;
+        return;
+      }
+
+
+      selectCtrl.ngModelCtrl = ngModelCtrl;
+
+      // When the selected item(s) changes we delegate getting the value of the select control
+      // to the `readValue` method, which can be changed if the select can have multiple
+      // selected values or if the options are being generated by `ngOptions`
+      element.on('change', function() {
+        selectCtrl.removeUnknownOption();
+        scope.$apply(function() {
+          ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue(selectCtrl.readValue());
+        });
+      });
+
+      // If the select allows multiple values then we need to modify how we read and write
+      // values from and to the control; also what it means for the value to be empty and
+      // we have to add an extra watch since ngModel doesn't work well with arrays - it
+      // doesn't trigger rendering if only an item in the array changes.
+      if (attr.multiple) {
+        selectCtrl.multiple = true;
+
+        // Read value now needs to check each option to see if it is selected
+        selectCtrl.readValue = function readMultipleValue() {
+          var array = [];
+          forEach(element.find('option'), function(option) {
+            if (option.selected && !option.disabled) {
+              var val = option.value;
+              array.push(val in selectCtrl.selectValueMap ? selectCtrl.selectValueMap[val] : val);
+            }
+          });
+          return array;
+        };
+
+        // Write value now needs to set the selected property of each matching option
+        selectCtrl.writeValue = function writeMultipleValue(value) {
+          forEach(element.find('option'), function(option) {
+            var shouldBeSelected = !!value && (includes(value, option.value) ||
+                                               includes(value, selectCtrl.selectValueMap[option.value]));
+            var currentlySelected = option.selected;
+
+            // Support: IE 9-11 only, Edge 12-15+
+            // In IE and Edge adding options to the selection via shift+click/UP/DOWN
+            // will de-select already selected options if "selected" on those options was set
+            // more than once (i.e. when the options were already selected)
+            // So we only modify the selected property if necessary.
+            // Note: this behavior cannot be replicated via unit tests because it only shows in the
+            // actual user interface.
+            if (shouldBeSelected !== currentlySelected) {
+              setOptionSelectedStatus(jqLite(option), shouldBeSelected);
+            }
+
+          });
+        };
+
+        // we have to do it on each watch since ngModel watches reference, but
+        // we need to work of an array, so we need to see if anything was inserted/removed
+        var lastView, lastViewRef = NaN;
+        scope.$watch(function selectMultipleWatch() {
+          if (lastViewRef === ngModelCtrl.$viewValue && !equals(lastView, ngModelCtrl.$viewValue)) {
+            lastView = shallowCopy(ngModelCtrl.$viewValue);
+            ngModelCtrl.$render();
+          }
+          lastViewRef = ngModelCtrl.$viewValue;
+        });
+
+        // If we are a multiple select then value is now a collection
+        // so the meaning of $isEmpty changes
+        ngModelCtrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
+          return !value || value.length === 0;
+        };
+
+      }
+    }
+
+    function selectPostLink(scope, element, attrs, ctrls) {
+      // if ngModel is not defined, we don't need to do anything
+      var ngModelCtrl = ctrls[1];
+      if (!ngModelCtrl) return;
+
+      var selectCtrl = ctrls[0];
+
+      // We delegate rendering to the `writeValue` method, which can be changed
+      // if the select can have multiple selected values or if the options are being
+      // generated by `ngOptions`.
+      // This must be done in the postLink fn to prevent $render to be called before
+      // all nodes have been linked correctly.
+      ngModelCtrl.$render = function() {
+        selectCtrl.writeValue(ngModelCtrl.$viewValue);
+      };
+    }
+};
+
+
+// The option directive is purely designed to communicate the existence (or lack of)
+// of dynamically created (and destroyed) option elements to their containing select
+// directive via its controller.
+var optionDirective = ['$interpolate', function($interpolate) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    priority: 100,
+    compile: function(element, attr) {
+      var interpolateValueFn, interpolateTextFn;
+
+      if (isDefined(attr.ngValue)) {
+        // Will be handled by registerOption
+      } else if (isDefined(attr.value)) {
+        // If the value attribute is defined, check if it contains an interpolation
+        interpolateValueFn = $interpolate(attr.value, true);
+      } else {
+        // If the value attribute is not defined then we fall back to the
+        // text content of the option element, which may be interpolated
+        interpolateTextFn = $interpolate(element.text(), true);
+        if (!interpolateTextFn) {
+          attr.$set('value', element.text());
+        }
+      }
+
+      return function(scope, element, attr) {
+        // This is an optimization over using ^^ since we don't want to have to search
+        // all the way to the root of the DOM for every single option element
+        var selectCtrlName = '$selectController',
+            parent = element.parent(),
+            selectCtrl = parent.data(selectCtrlName) ||
+              parent.parent().data(selectCtrlName); // in case we are in optgroup
+
+        if (selectCtrl) {
+          selectCtrl.registerOption(scope, element, attr, interpolateValueFn, interpolateTextFn);
+        }
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngRequired
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngRequired AngularJS expression. If it evaluates to `true`, it sets the
+ *                                `required` attribute to the element and adds the `required`
+ *                                {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `validator`}.
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * ngRequired adds the required {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `validator`} to {@link ngModel `ngModel`}.
+ * It is most often used for {@link input `input`} and {@link select `select`} controls, but can also be
+ * applied to custom controls.
+ *
+ * The directive sets the `required` attribute on the element if the AngularJS expression inside
+ * `ngRequired` evaluates to true. A special directive for setting `required` is necessary because we
+ * cannot use interpolation inside `required`. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide}
+ * for more info.
+ *
+ * The validator will set the `required` error key to true if the `required` attribute is set and
+ * calling {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$isEmpty `NgModelController.$isEmpty`} with the
+ * {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue `ngModel.$viewValue`} returns `true`. For example, the
+ * `$isEmpty()` implementation for `input[text]` checks the length of the `$viewValue`. When developing
+ * custom controls, `$isEmpty()` can be overwritten to account for a $viewValue that is not string-based.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * <example name="ngRequiredDirective" module="ngRequiredExample">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <script>
+ *       angular.module('ngRequiredExample', [])
+ *         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *           $scope.required = true;
+ *         }]);
+ *     </script>
+ *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *       <form name="form">
+ *         <label for="required">Toggle required: </label>
+ *         <input type="checkbox" ng-model="required" id="required" />
+ *         <br>
+ *         <label for="input">This input must be filled if `required` is true: </label>
+ *         <input type="text" ng-model="model" id="input" name="input" ng-required="required" /><br>
+ *         <hr>
+ *         required error set? = <code>{{form.input.$error.required}}</code><br>
+ *         model = <code>{{model}}</code>
+ *       </form>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       var required = element(by.binding('form.input.$error.required'));
+       var model = element(by.binding('model'));
+       var input = element(by.id('input'));
+
+       it('should set the required error', function() {
+         expect(required.getText()).toContain('true');
+
+         input.sendKeys('123');
+         expect(required.getText()).not.toContain('true');
+         expect(model.getText()).toContain('123');
+       });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ */
+var requiredDirective = ['$parse', function($parse) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    require: '?ngModel',
+    link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
+      if (!ctrl) return;
+      // For boolean attributes like required, presence means true
+      var value = attr.hasOwnProperty('required') || $parse(attr.ngRequired)(scope);
+
+      if (!attr.ngRequired) {
+        // force truthy in case we are on non input element
+        // (input elements do this automatically for boolean attributes like required)
+        attr.required = true;
+      }
+
+      ctrl.$validators.required = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+        return !value || !ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue);
+      };
+
+      attr.$observe('required', function(newVal) {
+
+        if (value !== newVal) {
+          value = newVal;
+          ctrl.$validate();
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngPattern
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @param {expression|RegExp} ngPattern AngularJS expression that must evaluate to a `RegExp` or a `String`
+ *                                      parsable into a `RegExp`, or a `RegExp` literal. See above for
+ *                                      more details.
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * ngPattern adds the pattern {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `validator`} to {@link ngModel `ngModel`}.
+ * It is most often used for text-based {@link input `input`} controls, but can also be applied to custom text-based controls.
+ *
+ * The validator sets the `pattern` error key if the {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue `ngModel.$viewValue`}
+ * does not match a RegExp which is obtained from the `ngPattern` attribute value:
+ * - the value is an AngularJS expression:
+ *   - If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+ *   - If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp after wrapping it
+ *     in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to `new RegExp('^abc$')`.
+ * - If the value is a RegExp literal, e.g. `ngPattern="/^\d+$/"`, it is used directly.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ * **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+ * start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+ * account.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ * **Note:** This directive is also added when the plain `pattern` attribute is used, with two
+ * differences:
+ * <ol>
+ *   <li>
+ *     `ngPattern` does not set the `pattern` attribute and therefore HTML5 constraint validation is
+ *     not available.
+ *   </li>
+ *   <li>
+ *     The `ngPattern` attribute must be an expression, while the `pattern` value must be
+ *     interpolated.
+ *   </li>
+ * </ol>
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @example
+ * <example name="ngPatternDirective" module="ngPatternExample">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <script>
+ *       angular.module('ngPatternExample', [])
+ *         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *           $scope.regex = '\\d+';
+ *         }]);
+ *     </script>
+ *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *       <form name="form">
+ *         <label for="regex">Set a pattern (regex string): </label>
+ *         <input type="text" ng-model="regex" id="regex" />
+ *         <br>
+ *         <label for="input">This input is restricted by the current pattern: </label>
+ *         <input type="text" ng-model="model" id="input" name="input" ng-pattern="regex" /><br>
+ *         <hr>
+ *         input valid? = <code>{{form.input.$valid}}</code><br>
+ *         model = <code>{{model}}</code>
+ *       </form>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       var model = element(by.binding('model'));
+       var input = element(by.id('input'));
+
+       it('should validate the input with the default pattern', function() {
+         input.sendKeys('aaa');
+         expect(model.getText()).not.toContain('aaa');
+
+         input.clear().then(function() {
+           input.sendKeys('123');
+           expect(model.getText()).toContain('123');
+         });
+       });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ */
+var patternDirective = ['$parse', function($parse) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    require: '?ngModel',
+    compile: function(tElm, tAttr) {
+      var patternExp;
+      var parseFn;
+
+      if (tAttr.ngPattern) {
+        patternExp = tAttr.ngPattern;
+
+        // ngPattern might be a scope expression, or an inlined regex, which is not parsable.
+        // We get value of the attribute here, so we can compare the old and the new value
+        // in the observer to avoid unnecessary validations
+        if (tAttr.ngPattern.charAt(0) === '/' && REGEX_STRING_REGEXP.test(tAttr.ngPattern)) {
+          parseFn = function() { return tAttr.ngPattern; };
+        } else {
+          parseFn = $parse(tAttr.ngPattern);
+        }
+      }
+
+      return function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
+        if (!ctrl) return;
+
+        var attrVal = attr.pattern;
+
+        if (attr.ngPattern) {
+          attrVal = parseFn(scope);
+        } else {
+          patternExp = attr.pattern;
+        }
+
+        var regexp = parsePatternAttr(attrVal, patternExp, elm);
+
+        attr.$observe('pattern', function(newVal) {
+          var oldRegexp = regexp;
+
+          regexp = parsePatternAttr(newVal, patternExp, elm);
+
+          if ((oldRegexp && oldRegexp.toString()) !== (regexp && regexp.toString())) {
+            ctrl.$validate();
+          }
+        });
+
+        ctrl.$validators.pattern = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+          // HTML5 pattern constraint validates the input value, so we validate the viewValue
+          return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || isUndefined(regexp) || regexp.test(viewValue);
+        };
+      };
+    }
+
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngMaxlength
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngMaxlength AngularJS expression that must evaluate to a `Number` or `String`
+ *                                 parsable into a `Number`. Used as value for the `maxlength`
+ *                                 {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators validator}.
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * ngMaxlength adds the maxlength {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `validator`} to {@link ngModel `ngModel`}.
+ * It is most often used for text-based {@link input `input`} controls, but can also be applied to custom text-based controls.
+ *
+ * The validator sets the `maxlength` error key if the {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue `ngModel.$viewValue`}
+ * is longer than the integer obtained by evaluating the AngularJS expression given in the
+ * `ngMaxlength` attribute value.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ * **Note:** This directive is also added when the plain `maxlength` attribute is used, with two
+ * differences:
+ * <ol>
+ *   <li>
+ *     `ngMaxlength` does not set the `maxlength` attribute and therefore HTML5 constraint
+ *     validation is not available.
+ *   </li>
+ *   <li>
+ *     The `ngMaxlength` attribute must be an expression, while the `maxlength` value must be
+ *     interpolated.
+ *   </li>
+ * </ol>
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @example
+ * <example name="ngMaxlengthDirective" module="ngMaxlengthExample">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <script>
+ *       angular.module('ngMaxlengthExample', [])
+ *         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *           $scope.maxlength = 5;
+ *         }]);
+ *     </script>
+ *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *       <form name="form">
+ *         <label for="maxlength">Set a maxlength: </label>
+ *         <input type="number" ng-model="maxlength" id="maxlength" />
+ *         <br>
+ *         <label for="input">This input is restricted by the current maxlength: </label>
+ *         <input type="text" ng-model="model" id="input" name="input" ng-maxlength="maxlength" /><br>
+ *         <hr>
+ *         input valid? = <code>{{form.input.$valid}}</code><br>
+ *         model = <code>{{model}}</code>
+ *       </form>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       var model = element(by.binding('model'));
+       var input = element(by.id('input'));
+
+       it('should validate the input with the default maxlength', function() {
+         input.sendKeys('abcdef');
+         expect(model.getText()).not.toContain('abcdef');
+
+         input.clear().then(function() {
+           input.sendKeys('abcde');
+           expect(model.getText()).toContain('abcde');
+         });
+       });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ */
+var maxlengthDirective = ['$parse', function($parse) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    require: '?ngModel',
+    link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
+      if (!ctrl) return;
+
+      var maxlength = attr.maxlength || $parse(attr.ngMaxlength)(scope);
+      var maxlengthParsed = parseLength(maxlength);
+
+      attr.$observe('maxlength', function(value) {
+        if (maxlength !== value) {
+          maxlengthParsed = parseLength(value);
+          maxlength = value;
+          ctrl.$validate();
+        }
+      });
+      ctrl.$validators.maxlength = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+        return (maxlengthParsed < 0) || ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || (viewValue.length <= maxlengthParsed);
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngMinlength
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngMinlength AngularJS expression that must evaluate to a `Number` or `String`
+ *                                 parsable into a `Number`. Used as value for the `minlength`
+ *                                 {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators validator}.
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * ngMinlength adds the minlength {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `validator`} to {@link ngModel `ngModel`}.
+ * It is most often used for text-based {@link input `input`} controls, but can also be applied to custom text-based controls.
+ *
+ * The validator sets the `minlength` error key if the {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue `ngModel.$viewValue`}
+ * is shorter than the integer obtained by evaluating the AngularJS expression given in the
+ * `ngMinlength` attribute value.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ * **Note:** This directive is also added when the plain `minlength` attribute is used, with two
+ * differences:
+ * <ol>
+ *   <li>
+ *     `ngMinlength` does not set the `minlength` attribute and therefore HTML5 constraint
+ *     validation is not available.
+ *   </li>
+ *   <li>
+ *     The `ngMinlength` value must be an expression, while the `minlength` value must be
+ *     interpolated.
+ *   </li>
+ * </ol>
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @example
+ * <example name="ngMinlengthDirective" module="ngMinlengthExample">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <script>
+ *       angular.module('ngMinlengthExample', [])
+ *         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *           $scope.minlength = 3;
+ *         }]);
+ *     </script>
+ *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *       <form name="form">
+ *         <label for="minlength">Set a minlength: </label>
+ *         <input type="number" ng-model="minlength" id="minlength" />
+ *         <br>
+ *         <label for="input">This input is restricted by the current minlength: </label>
+ *         <input type="text" ng-model="model" id="input" name="input" ng-minlength="minlength" /><br>
+ *         <hr>
+ *         input valid? = <code>{{form.input.$valid}}</code><br>
+ *         model = <code>{{model}}</code>
+ *       </form>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       var model = element(by.binding('model'));
+       var input = element(by.id('input'));
+
+       it('should validate the input with the default minlength', function() {
+         input.sendKeys('ab');
+         expect(model.getText()).not.toContain('ab');
+
+         input.sendKeys('abc');
+         expect(model.getText()).toContain('abc');
+       });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ */
+var minlengthDirective = ['$parse', function($parse) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    require: '?ngModel',
+    link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
+      if (!ctrl) return;
+
+      var minlength = attr.minlength || $parse(attr.ngMinlength)(scope);
+      var minlengthParsed = parseLength(minlength) || -1;
+
+      attr.$observe('minlength', function(value) {
+        if (minlength !== value) {
+          minlengthParsed = parseLength(value) || -1;
+          minlength = value;
+          ctrl.$validate();
+        }
+
+      });
+      ctrl.$validators.minlength = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+        return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || viewValue.length >= minlengthParsed;
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+
+function parsePatternAttr(regex, patternExp, elm) {
+  if (!regex) return undefined;
+
+  if (isString(regex)) {
+    regex = new RegExp('^' + regex + '$');
+  }
+
+  if (!regex.test) {
+    throw minErr('ngPattern')('noregexp',
+      'Expected {0} to be a RegExp but was {1}. Element: {2}', patternExp,
+      regex, startingTag(elm));
+  }
+
+  return regex;
+}
+
+function parseLength(val) {
+  var intVal = toInt(val);
+  return isNumberNaN(intVal) ? -1 : intVal;
+}
+
+if (window.angular.bootstrap) {
+  // AngularJS is already loaded, so we can return here...
+  if (window.console) {
+    console.log('WARNING: Tried to load AngularJS more than once.');
+  }
+  return;
+}
+
+// try to bind to jquery now so that one can write jqLite(fn)
+// but we will rebind on bootstrap again.
+bindJQuery();
+
+publishExternalAPI(angular);
+
+angular.module("ngLocale", [], ["$provide", function($provide) {
+var PLURAL_CATEGORY = {ZERO: "zero", ONE: "one", TWO: "two", FEW: "few", MANY: "many", OTHER: "other"};
+function getDecimals(n) {
+  n = n + '';
+  var i = n.indexOf('.');
+  return (i == -1) ? 0 : n.length - i - 1;
+}
+
+function getVF(n, opt_precision) {
+  var v = opt_precision;
+
+  if (undefined === v) {
+    v = Math.min(getDecimals(n), 3);
+  }
+
+  var base = Math.pow(10, v);
+  var f = ((n * base) | 0) % base;
+  return {v: v, f: f};
+}
+
+$provide.value("$locale", {
+  "DATETIME_FORMATS": {
+    "AMPMS": [
+      "AM",
+      "PM"
+    ],
+    "DAY": [
+      "Sunday",
+      "Monday",
+      "Tuesday",
+      "Wednesday",
+      "Thursday",
+      "Friday",
+      "Saturday"
+    ],
+    "ERANAMES": [
+      "Before Christ",
+      "Anno Domini"
+    ],
+    "ERAS": [
+      "BC",
+      "AD"
+    ],
+    "FIRSTDAYOFWEEK": 6,
+    "MONTH": [
+      "January",
+      "February",
+      "March",
+      "April",
+      "May",
+      "June",
+      "July",
+      "August",
+      "September",
+      "October",
+      "November",
+      "December"
+    ],
+    "SHORTDAY": [
+      "Sun",
+      "Mon",
+      "Tue",
+      "Wed",
+      "Thu",
+      "Fri",
+      "Sat"
+    ],
+    "SHORTMONTH": [
+      "Jan",
+      "Feb",
+      "Mar",
+      "Apr",
+      "May",
+      "Jun",
+      "Jul",
+      "Aug",
+      "Sep",
+      "Oct",
+      "Nov",
+      "Dec"
+    ],
+    "STANDALONEMONTH": [
+      "January",
+      "February",
+      "March",
+      "April",
+      "May",
+      "June",
+      "July",
+      "August",
+      "September",
+      "October",
+      "November",
+      "December"
+    ],
+    "WEEKENDRANGE": [
+      5,
+      6
+    ],
+    "fullDate": "EEEE, MMMM d, y",
+    "longDate": "MMMM d, y",
+    "medium": "MMM d, y h:mm:ss a",
+    "mediumDate": "MMM d, y",
+    "mediumTime": "h:mm:ss a",
+    "short": "M/d/yy h:mm a",
+    "shortDate": "M/d/yy",
+    "shortTime": "h:mm a"
+  },
+  "NUMBER_FORMATS": {
+    "CURRENCY_SYM": "$",
+    "DECIMAL_SEP": ".",
+    "GROUP_SEP": ",",
+    "PATTERNS": [
+      {
+        "gSize": 3,
+        "lgSize": 3,
+        "maxFrac": 3,
+        "minFrac": 0,
+        "minInt": 1,
+        "negPre": "-",
+        "negSuf": "",
+        "posPre": "",
+        "posSuf": ""
+      },
+      {
+        "gSize": 3,
+        "lgSize": 3,
+        "maxFrac": 2,
+        "minFrac": 2,
+        "minInt": 1,
+        "negPre": "-\u00a4",
+        "negSuf": "",
+        "posPre": "\u00a4",
+        "posSuf": ""
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "id": "en-us",
+  "localeID": "en_US",
+  "pluralCat": function(n, opt_precision) {  var i = n | 0;  var vf = getVF(n, opt_precision);  if (i == 1 && vf.v == 0) {    return PLURAL_CATEGORY.ONE;  }  return PLURAL_CATEGORY.OTHER;}
+});
+}]);
+
+  jqLite(function() {
+    angularInit(window.document, bootstrap);
+  });
+
+})(window);
+
+!window.angular.$$csp().noInlineStyle && window.angular.element(document.head).prepend(window.angular.element('<style>').text('@charset "UTF-8";[ng\\:cloak],[ng-cloak],[data-ng-cloak],[x-ng-cloak],.ng-cloak,.x-ng-cloak,.ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate){display:none !important;}ng\\:form{display:block;}.ng-animate-shim{visibility:hidden;}.ng-anchor{position:absolute;}'));
