source: node_modules/pg-protocol/src/buffer-writer.ts

//binary data writer tuned for encoding binary specific to the postgres binary protocol

export class Writer {
  private buffer: Buffer
  private offset: number = 5
  private headerPosition: number = 0
  constructor(private size = 256) {
    this.buffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)
  }

  private ensure(size: number): void {
    const remaining = this.buffer.length - this.offset
    if (remaining < size) {
      const oldBuffer = this.buffer
      // exponential growth factor of around ~ 1.5
      // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2269063/buffer-growth-strategy
      const newSize = oldBuffer.length + (oldBuffer.length >> 1) + size
      this.buffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(newSize)
      oldBuffer.copy(this.buffer)
    }
  }

  public addInt32(num: number): Writer {
    this.ensure(4)
    this.buffer[this.offset++] = (num >>> 24) & 0xff
    this.buffer[this.offset++] = (num >>> 16) & 0xff
    this.buffer[this.offset++] = (num >>> 8) & 0xff
    this.buffer[this.offset++] = (num >>> 0) & 0xff
    return this
  }

  public addInt16(num: number): Writer {
    this.ensure(2)
    this.buffer[this.offset++] = (num >>> 8) & 0xff
    this.buffer[this.offset++] = (num >>> 0) & 0xff
    return this
  }

  public addCString(string: string): Writer {
    if (!string) {
      this.ensure(1)
    } else {
      const len = Buffer.byteLength(string)
      this.ensure(len + 1) // +1 for null terminator
      this.buffer.write(string, this.offset, 'utf-8')
      this.offset += len
    }

    this.buffer[this.offset++] = 0 // null terminator
    return this
  }

  public addString(string: string = ''): Writer {
    const len = Buffer.byteLength(string)
    this.ensure(len)
    this.buffer.write(string, this.offset)
    this.offset += len
    return this
  }

  // Write an Int32 byte-length prefix immediately followed by the string's UTF-8
  // bytes. Postgres' Bind wire format prefixes every parameter with its length,
  // and doing it in one method computes Buffer.byteLength ONCE — the previous
  // `addInt32(Buffer.byteLength(s)).addString(s)` pairing scanned the string
  // three times (byteLength for the prefix, byteLength again inside addString,
  // then the encode), which is costly for large text parameters.
  public addInt32PrefixedString(string: string): Writer {
    const len = Buffer.byteLength(string)
    this.ensure(4 + len)
    const buffer = this.buffer
    let offset = this.offset
    buffer[offset++] = (len >>> 24) & 0xff
    buffer[offset++] = (len >>> 16) & 0xff
    buffer[offset++] = (len >>> 8) & 0xff
    buffer[offset++] = (len >>> 0) & 0xff
    buffer.write(string, offset, 'utf-8')
    this.offset = offset + len
    return this
  }

  public add(otherBuffer: Buffer): Writer {
    this.ensure(otherBuffer.length)
    otherBuffer.copy(this.buffer, this.offset)
    this.offset += otherBuffer.length
    return this
  }

  private join(code?: number): Buffer {
    if (code) {
      this.buffer[this.headerPosition] = code
      //length is everything in this packet minus the code
      const length = this.offset - (this.headerPosition + 1)
      this.buffer.writeInt32BE(length, this.headerPosition + 1)
    }
    return this.buffer.slice(code ? 0 : 5, this.offset)
  }

  public flush(code?: number): Buffer {
    const result = this.join(code)
    this.offset = 5
    this.headerPosition = 0
    this.buffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(this.size)
    return result
  }

  public clear(): void {
    this.offset = 5
    this.headerPosition = 0
  }
}