| 1 | # co
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| 2 |
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| 3 | [![Gitter][gitter-image]][gitter-url]
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| 4 | [![NPM version][npm-image]][npm-url]
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| 5 | [![Build status][travis-image]][travis-url]
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| 6 | [![Test coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
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| 7 | [![Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
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| 8 |
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| 9 | Generator based control flow goodness for nodejs and the browser,
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| 10 | using promises, letting you write non-blocking code in a nice-ish way.
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| 11 |
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| 12 | ## Co v4
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| 13 |
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| 14 | `co@4.0.0` has been released, which now relies on promises.
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| 15 | It is a stepping stone towards [ES7 async/await](https://github.com/lukehoban/ecmascript-asyncawait).
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| 16 | The primary API change is how `co()` is invoked.
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| 17 | Before, `co` returned a "thunk", which you then called with a callback and optional arguments.
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| 18 | Now, `co()` returns a promise.
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| 19 |
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| 20 | ```js
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| 21 | co(function* () {
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| 22 | var result = yield Promise.resolve(true);
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| 23 | return result;
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| 24 | }).then(function (value) {
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| 25 | console.log(value);
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| 26 | }, function (err) {
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| 27 | console.error(err.stack);
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| 28 | });
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| 29 | ```
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| 30 |
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| 31 | If you want to convert a `co`-generator-function into a regular function that returns a promise,
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| 32 | you now use `co.wrap(fn*)`.
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| 33 |
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| 34 | ```js
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| 35 | var fn = co.wrap(function* (val) {
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| 36 | return yield Promise.resolve(val);
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| 37 | });
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| 38 |
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| 39 | fn(true).then(function (val) {
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| 40 |
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| 41 | });
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| 42 | ```
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| 43 |
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| 44 | ## Platform Compatibility
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| 45 |
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| 46 | `co@4+` requires a `Promise` implementation.
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| 47 | For versions of node `< 0.11` and for many older browsers,
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| 48 | you should/must include your own `Promise` polyfill.
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| 49 |
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| 50 | When using node 0.11.x or greater, you must use the `--harmony-generators`
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| 51 | flag or just `--harmony` to get access to generators.
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| 52 |
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| 53 | When using node 0.10.x and lower or browsers without generator support,
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| 54 | you must use [gnode](https://github.com/TooTallNate/gnode) and/or [regenerator](http://facebook.github.io/regenerator/).
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| 55 |
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| 56 | io.js is supported out of the box, you can use `co` without flags or polyfills.
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| 57 |
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| 58 | ## Installation
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| 59 |
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| 60 | ```
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| 61 | $ npm install co
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| 62 | ```
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| 63 |
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| 64 | ## Associated libraries
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| 65 |
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| 66 | Any library that returns promises work well with `co`.
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| 67 |
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| 68 | - [mz](https://github.com/normalize/mz) - wrap all of node's code libraries as promises.
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| 69 |
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| 70 | View the [wiki](https://github.com/visionmedia/co/wiki) for more libraries.
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| 71 |
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| 72 | ## Examples
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| 73 |
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| 74 | ```js
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| 75 | var co = require('co');
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| 76 |
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| 77 | co(function *(){
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| 78 | // yield any promise
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| 79 | var result = yield Promise.resolve(true);
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| 80 | }).catch(onerror);
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| 81 |
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| 82 | co(function *(){
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| 83 | // resolve multiple promises in parallel
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| 84 | var a = Promise.resolve(1);
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| 85 | var b = Promise.resolve(2);
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| 86 | var c = Promise.resolve(3);
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| 87 | var res = yield [a, b, c];
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| 88 | console.log(res);
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| 89 | // => [1, 2, 3]
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| 90 | }).catch(onerror);
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| 91 |
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| 92 | // errors can be try/catched
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| 93 | co(function *(){
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| 94 | try {
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| 95 | yield Promise.reject(new Error('boom'));
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| 96 | } catch (err) {
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| 97 | console.error(err.message); // "boom"
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| 98 | }
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| 99 | }).catch(onerror);
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| 100 |
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| 101 | function onerror(err) {
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| 102 | // log any uncaught errors
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| 103 | // co will not throw any errors you do not handle!!!
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| 104 | // HANDLE ALL YOUR ERRORS!!!
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| 105 | console.error(err.stack);
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| 106 | }
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| 107 | ```
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| 108 |
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| 109 | ## Yieldables
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| 110 |
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| 111 | The `yieldable` objects currently supported are:
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| 112 |
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| 113 | - promises
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| 114 | - thunks (functions)
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| 115 | - array (parallel execution)
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| 116 | - objects (parallel execution)
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| 117 | - generators (delegation)
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| 118 | - generator functions (delegation)
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| 119 |
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| 120 | Nested `yieldable` objects are supported, meaning you can nest
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| 121 | promises within objects within arrays, and so on!
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| 122 |
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| 123 | ### Promises
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| 124 |
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| 125 | [Read more on promises!](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise)
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| 126 |
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| 127 | ### Thunks
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| 128 |
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| 129 | Thunks are functions that only have a single argument, a callback.
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| 130 | Thunk support only remains for backwards compatibility and may
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| 131 | be removed in future versions of `co`.
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| 132 |
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| 133 | ### Arrays
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| 134 |
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| 135 | `yield`ing an array will resolve all the `yieldables` in parallel.
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| 136 |
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| 137 | ```js
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| 138 | co(function* () {
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| 139 | var res = yield [
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| 140 | Promise.resolve(1),
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| 141 | Promise.resolve(2),
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| 142 | Promise.resolve(3),
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| 143 | ];
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| 144 | console.log(res); // => [1, 2, 3]
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| 145 | }).catch(onerror);
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| 146 | ```
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| 147 |
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| 148 | ### Objects
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| 149 |
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| 150 | Just like arrays, objects resolve all `yieldable`s in parallel.
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| 151 |
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| 152 | ```js
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| 153 | co(function* () {
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| 154 | var res = yield {
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| 155 | 1: Promise.resolve(1),
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| 156 | 2: Promise.resolve(2),
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| 157 | };
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| 158 | console.log(res); // => { 1: 1, 2: 2 }
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| 159 | }).catch(onerror);
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| 160 | ```
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| 161 |
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| 162 | ### Generators and Generator Functions
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| 163 |
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| 164 | Any generator or generator function you can pass into `co`
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| 165 | can be yielded as well. This should generally be avoided
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| 166 | as we should be moving towards spec-compliant `Promise`s instead.
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| 167 |
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| 168 | ## API
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| 169 |
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| 170 | ### co(fn*).then( val => )
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| 171 |
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| 172 | Returns a promise that resolves a generator, generator function,
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| 173 | or any function that returns a generator.
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| 174 |
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| 175 | ```js
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| 176 | co(function* () {
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| 177 | return yield Promise.resolve(true);
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| 178 | }).then(function (val) {
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| 179 | console.log(val);
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| 180 | }, function (err) {
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| 181 | console.error(err.stack);
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| 182 | });
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| 183 | ```
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| 184 |
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| 185 | ### var fn = co.wrap(fn*)
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| 186 |
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| 187 | Convert a generator into a regular function that returns a `Promise`.
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| 188 |
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| 189 | ```js
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| 190 | var fn = co.wrap(function* (val) {
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| 191 | return yield Promise.resolve(val);
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| 192 | });
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| 193 |
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| 194 | fn(true).then(function (val) {
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| 195 |
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| 196 | });
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| 197 | ```
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| 198 |
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| 199 | ## License
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| 200 |
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| 201 | MIT
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| 202 |
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| 203 | [npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/co.svg?style=flat-square
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| 204 | [npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/co
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| 205 | [travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/tj/co.svg?style=flat-square
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| 206 | [travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/tj/co
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| 207 | [coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/tj/co.svg?style=flat-square
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| 208 | [coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/tj/co
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| 209 | [downloads-image]: http://img.shields.io/npm/dm/co.svg?style=flat-square
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| 210 | [downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/co
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| 211 | [gitter-image]: https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg
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| 212 | [gitter-url]: https://gitter.im/tj/co?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge
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