Index: frontend/node_modules/harmony-reflect/reflect.js
===================================================================
--- frontend/node_modules/harmony-reflect/reflect.js	(revision 9af201e94b5a79beb92a30858fc54de4bc3b9449)
+++ frontend/node_modules/harmony-reflect/reflect.js	(revision 9af201e94b5a79beb92a30858fc54de4bc3b9449)
@@ -0,0 +1,2200 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2011-2012 Software Languages Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
+// This code is dual-licensed under both the Apache License and the MPL
+
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+/* Version: MPL 1.1
+ *
+ * The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License Version
+ * 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
+ *
+ * Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" basis,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License
+ * for the specific language governing rights and limitations under the
+ * License.
+ *
+ * The Original Code is a shim for the ES-Harmony reflection module
+ *
+ * The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+ * Tom Van Cutsem, Vrije Universiteit Brussel.
+ * Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2011-2012
+ * the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Contributor(s):
+ *
+ */
+
+ // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ // This file is a polyfill for the upcoming ECMAScript Reflect API,
+ // including support for Proxies. See the draft specification at:
+ // http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:reflect_api
+ // http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:direct_proxies
+
+ // For an implementation of the Handler API, see handlers.js, which implements:
+ // http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:virtual_object_api
+
+ // This implementation supersedes the earlier polyfill at:
+ // code.google.com/p/es-lab/source/browse/trunk/src/proxies/DirectProxies.js
+
+ // This code was tested on tracemonkey / Firefox 12
+//  (and should run fine on older Firefox versions starting with FF4)
+ // The code also works correctly on
+ //   v8 --harmony_proxies --harmony_weakmaps (v3.6.5.1)
+
+ // Language Dependencies:
+ //  - ECMAScript 5/strict
+ //  - "old" (i.e. non-direct) Harmony Proxies
+ //  - Harmony WeakMaps
+ // Patches:
+ //  - Object.{freeze,seal,preventExtensions}
+ //  - Object.{isFrozen,isSealed,isExtensible}
+ //  - Object.getPrototypeOf
+ //  - Object.keys
+ //  - Object.prototype.valueOf
+ //  - Object.prototype.isPrototypeOf
+ //  - Object.prototype.toString
+ //  - Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty
+ //  - Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor
+ //  - Object.defineProperty
+ //  - Object.defineProperties
+ //  - Object.getOwnPropertyNames
+ //  - Object.getOwnPropertySymbols
+ //  - Object.getPrototypeOf
+ //  - Object.setPrototypeOf
+ //  - Object.assign
+ //  - Function.prototype.toString
+ //  - Date.prototype.toString
+ //  - Array.isArray
+ //  - Array.prototype.concat
+ //  - Proxy
+ // Adds new globals:
+ //  - Reflect
+
+ // Direct proxies can be created via Proxy(target, handler)
+
+ // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+(function(global){ // function-as-module pattern
+"use strict";
+
+// === Direct Proxies: Invariant Enforcement ===
+
+// Direct proxies build on non-direct proxies by automatically wrapping
+// all user-defined proxy handlers in a Validator handler that checks and
+// enforces ES5 invariants.
+
+// A direct proxy is a proxy for an existing object called the target object.
+
+// A Validator handler is a wrapper for a target proxy handler H.
+// The Validator forwards all operations to H, but additionally
+// performs a number of integrity checks on the results of some traps,
+// to make sure H does not violate the ES5 invariants w.r.t. non-configurable
+// properties and non-extensible, sealed or frozen objects.
+
+// For each property that H exposes as own, non-configurable
+// (e.g. by returning a descriptor from a call to getOwnPropertyDescriptor)
+// the Validator handler defines those properties on the target object.
+// When the proxy becomes non-extensible, also configurable own properties
+// are checked against the target.
+// We will call properties that are defined on the target object
+// "fixed properties".
+
+// We will name fixed non-configurable properties "sealed properties".
+// We will name fixed non-configurable non-writable properties "frozen
+// properties".
+
+// The Validator handler upholds the following invariants w.r.t. non-configurability:
+// - getOwnPropertyDescriptor cannot report sealed properties as non-existent
+// - getOwnPropertyDescriptor cannot report incompatible changes to the
+//   attributes of a sealed property (e.g. reporting a non-configurable
+//   property as configurable, or reporting a non-configurable, non-writable
+//   property as writable)
+// - getPropertyDescriptor cannot report sealed properties as non-existent
+// - getPropertyDescriptor cannot report incompatible changes to the
+//   attributes of a sealed property. It _can_ report incompatible changes
+//   to the attributes of non-own, inherited properties.
+// - defineProperty cannot make incompatible changes to the attributes of
+//   sealed properties
+// - deleteProperty cannot report a successful deletion of a sealed property
+// - hasOwn cannot report a sealed property as non-existent
+// - has cannot report a sealed property as non-existent
+// - get cannot report inconsistent values for frozen data
+//   properties, and must report undefined for sealed accessors with an
+//   undefined getter
+// - set cannot report a successful assignment for frozen data
+//   properties or sealed accessors with an undefined setter.
+// - get{Own}PropertyNames lists all sealed properties of the target.
+// - keys lists all enumerable sealed properties of the target.
+// - enumerate lists all enumerable sealed properties of the target.
+// - if a property of a non-extensible proxy is reported as non-existent,
+//   then it must forever be reported as non-existent. This applies to
+//   own and inherited properties and is enforced in the
+//   deleteProperty, get{Own}PropertyDescriptor, has{Own},
+//   get{Own}PropertyNames, keys and enumerate traps
+
+// Violation of any of these invariants by H will result in TypeError being
+// thrown.
+
+// Additionally, once Object.preventExtensions, Object.seal or Object.freeze
+// is invoked on the proxy, the set of own property names for the proxy is
+// fixed. Any property name that is not fixed is called a 'new' property.
+
+// The Validator upholds the following invariants regarding extensibility:
+// - getOwnPropertyDescriptor cannot report new properties as existent
+//   (it must report them as non-existent by returning undefined)
+// - defineProperty cannot successfully add a new property (it must reject)
+// - getOwnPropertyNames cannot list new properties
+// - hasOwn cannot report true for new properties (it must report false)
+// - keys cannot list new properties
+
+// Invariants currently not enforced:
+// - getOwnPropertyNames lists only own property names
+// - keys lists only enumerable own property names
+// Both traps may list more property names than are actually defined on the
+// target.
+
+// Invariants with regard to inheritance are currently not enforced.
+// - a non-configurable potentially inherited property on a proxy with
+//   non-mutable ancestry cannot be reported as non-existent
+// (An object with non-mutable ancestry is a non-extensible object whose
+// [[Prototype]] is either null or an object with non-mutable ancestry.)
+
+// Changes in Handler API compared to previous harmony:proxies, see:
+// http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=strawman:direct_proxies
+// http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:direct_proxies
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// ---- WeakMap polyfill ----
+
+// TODO: find a proper WeakMap polyfill
+
+// define an empty WeakMap so that at least the Reflect module code
+// will work in the absence of WeakMaps. Proxy emulation depends on
+// actual WeakMaps, so will not work with this little shim.
+if (typeof WeakMap === "undefined") {
+  global.WeakMap = function(){};
+  global.WeakMap.prototype = {
+    get: function(k) { return undefined; },
+    set: function(k,v) { throw new Error("WeakMap not supported"); }
+  };
+}
+
+// ---- Normalization functions for property descriptors ----
+
+function isStandardAttribute(name) {
+  return /^(get|set|value|writable|enumerable|configurable)$/.test(name);
+}
+
+// Adapted from ES5 section 8.10.5
+function toPropertyDescriptor(obj) {
+  if (Object(obj) !== obj) {
+    throw new TypeError("property descriptor should be an Object, given: "+
+                        obj);
+  }
+  var desc = {};
+  if ('enumerable' in obj) { desc.enumerable = !!obj.enumerable; }
+  if ('configurable' in obj) { desc.configurable = !!obj.configurable; }
+  if ('value' in obj) { desc.value = obj.value; }
+  if ('writable' in obj) { desc.writable = !!obj.writable; }
+  if ('get' in obj) {
+    var getter = obj.get;
+    if (getter !== undefined && typeof getter !== "function") {
+      throw new TypeError("property descriptor 'get' attribute must be "+
+                          "callable or undefined, given: "+getter);
+    }
+    desc.get = getter;
+  }
+  if ('set' in obj) {
+    var setter = obj.set;
+    if (setter !== undefined && typeof setter !== "function") {
+      throw new TypeError("property descriptor 'set' attribute must be "+
+                          "callable or undefined, given: "+setter);
+    }
+    desc.set = setter;
+  }
+  if ('get' in desc || 'set' in desc) {
+    if ('value' in desc || 'writable' in desc) {
+      throw new TypeError("property descriptor cannot be both a data and an "+
+                          "accessor descriptor: "+obj);
+    }
+  }
+  return desc;
+}
+
+function isAccessorDescriptor(desc) {
+  if (desc === undefined) return false;
+  return ('get' in desc || 'set' in desc);
+}
+function isDataDescriptor(desc) {
+  if (desc === undefined) return false;
+  return ('value' in desc || 'writable' in desc);
+}
+function isGenericDescriptor(desc) {
+  if (desc === undefined) return false;
+  return !isAccessorDescriptor(desc) && !isDataDescriptor(desc);
+}
+
+function toCompletePropertyDescriptor(desc) {
+  var internalDesc = toPropertyDescriptor(desc);
+  if (isGenericDescriptor(internalDesc) || isDataDescriptor(internalDesc)) {
+    if (!('value' in internalDesc)) { internalDesc.value = undefined; }
+    if (!('writable' in internalDesc)) { internalDesc.writable = false; }
+  } else {
+    if (!('get' in internalDesc)) { internalDesc.get = undefined; }
+    if (!('set' in internalDesc)) { internalDesc.set = undefined; }
+  }
+  if (!('enumerable' in internalDesc)) { internalDesc.enumerable = false; }
+  if (!('configurable' in internalDesc)) { internalDesc.configurable = false; }
+  return internalDesc;
+}
+
+function isEmptyDescriptor(desc) {
+  return !('get' in desc) &&
+         !('set' in desc) &&
+         !('value' in desc) &&
+         !('writable' in desc) &&
+         !('enumerable' in desc) &&
+         !('configurable' in desc);
+}
+
+function isEquivalentDescriptor(desc1, desc2) {
+  return sameValue(desc1.get, desc2.get) &&
+         sameValue(desc1.set, desc2.set) &&
+         sameValue(desc1.value, desc2.value) &&
+         sameValue(desc1.writable, desc2.writable) &&
+         sameValue(desc1.enumerable, desc2.enumerable) &&
+         sameValue(desc1.configurable, desc2.configurable);
+}
+
+// copied from http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:egal
+function sameValue(x, y) {
+  if (x === y) {
+    // 0 === -0, but they are not identical
+    return x !== 0 || 1 / x === 1 / y;
+  }
+
+  // NaN !== NaN, but they are identical.
+  // NaNs are the only non-reflexive value, i.e., if x !== x,
+  // then x is a NaN.
+  // isNaN is broken: it converts its argument to number, so
+  // isNaN("foo") => true
+  return x !== x && y !== y;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns a fresh property descriptor that is guaranteed
+ * to be complete (i.e. contain all the standard attributes).
+ * Additionally, any non-standard enumerable properties of
+ * attributes are copied over to the fresh descriptor.
+ *
+ * If attributes is undefined, returns undefined.
+ *
+ * See also: http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:proxies_semantics
+ */
+function normalizeAndCompletePropertyDescriptor(attributes) {
+  if (attributes === undefined) { return undefined; }
+  var desc = toCompletePropertyDescriptor(attributes);
+  // Note: no need to call FromPropertyDescriptor(desc), as we represent
+  // "internal" property descriptors as proper Objects from the start
+  for (var name in attributes) {
+    if (!isStandardAttribute(name)) {
+      Object.defineProperty(desc, name,
+        { value: attributes[name],
+          writable: true,
+          enumerable: true,
+          configurable: true });
+    }
+  }
+  return desc;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns a fresh property descriptor whose standard
+ * attributes are guaranteed to be data properties of the right type.
+ * Additionally, any non-standard enumerable properties of
+ * attributes are copied over to the fresh descriptor.
+ *
+ * If attributes is undefined, will throw a TypeError.
+ *
+ * See also: http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:proxies_semantics
+ */
+function normalizePropertyDescriptor(attributes) {
+  var desc = toPropertyDescriptor(attributes);
+  // Note: no need to call FromGenericPropertyDescriptor(desc), as we represent
+  // "internal" property descriptors as proper Objects from the start
+  for (var name in attributes) {
+    if (!isStandardAttribute(name)) {
+      Object.defineProperty(desc, name,
+        { value: attributes[name],
+          writable: true,
+          enumerable: true,
+          configurable: true });
+    }
+  }
+  return desc;
+}
+
+// store a reference to the real ES5 primitives before patching them later
+var prim_preventExtensions =        Object.preventExtensions,
+    prim_seal =                     Object.seal,
+    prim_freeze =                   Object.freeze,
+    prim_isExtensible =             Object.isExtensible,
+    prim_isSealed =                 Object.isSealed,
+    prim_isFrozen =                 Object.isFrozen,
+    prim_getPrototypeOf =           Object.getPrototypeOf,
+    prim_getOwnPropertyDescriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor,
+    prim_defineProperty =           Object.defineProperty,
+    prim_defineProperties =         Object.defineProperties,
+    prim_keys =                     Object.keys,
+    prim_getOwnPropertyNames =      Object.getOwnPropertyNames,
+    prim_getOwnPropertySymbols =    Object.getOwnPropertySymbols,
+    prim_assign =                   Object.assign,
+    prim_isArray =                  Array.isArray,
+    prim_concat =                   Array.prototype.concat,
+    prim_isPrototypeOf =            Object.prototype.isPrototypeOf,
+    prim_hasOwnProperty =           Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+
+// these will point to the patched versions of the respective methods on
+// Object. They are used within this module as the "intrinsic" bindings
+// of these methods (i.e. the "original" bindings as defined in the spec)
+var Object_isFrozen,
+    Object_isSealed,
+    Object_isExtensible,
+    Object_getPrototypeOf,
+    Object_getOwnPropertyNames;
+
+/**
+ * A property 'name' is fixed if it is an own property of the target.
+ */
+function isFixed(name, target) {
+  return ({}).hasOwnProperty.call(target, name);
+}
+function isSealed(name, target) {
+  var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, name);
+  if (desc === undefined) { return false; }
+  return desc.configurable === false;
+}
+function isSealedDesc(desc) {
+  return desc !== undefined && desc.configurable === false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Performs all validation that Object.defineProperty performs,
+ * without actually defining the property. Returns a boolean
+ * indicating whether validation succeeded.
+ *
+ * Implementation transliterated from ES5.1 section 8.12.9
+ */
+function isCompatibleDescriptor(extensible, current, desc) {
+  if (current === undefined && extensible === false) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (current === undefined && extensible === true) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (isEmptyDescriptor(desc)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (isEquivalentDescriptor(current, desc)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (current.configurable === false) {
+    if (desc.configurable === true) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if ('enumerable' in desc && desc.enumerable !== current.enumerable) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  if (isGenericDescriptor(desc)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (isDataDescriptor(current) !== isDataDescriptor(desc)) {
+    if (current.configurable === false) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (isDataDescriptor(current) && isDataDescriptor(desc)) {
+    if (current.configurable === false) {
+      if (current.writable === false && desc.writable === true) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (current.writable === false) {
+        if ('value' in desc && !sameValue(desc.value, current.value)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (isAccessorDescriptor(current) && isAccessorDescriptor(desc)) {
+    if (current.configurable === false) {
+      if ('set' in desc && !sameValue(desc.set, current.set)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if ('get' in desc && !sameValue(desc.get, current.get)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// ES6 7.3.11 SetIntegrityLevel
+// level is one of "sealed" or "frozen"
+function setIntegrityLevel(target, level) {
+  var ownProps = Object_getOwnPropertyNames(target);
+  var pendingException = undefined;
+  if (level === "sealed") {
+    var l = +ownProps.length;
+    var k;
+    for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+      k = String(ownProps[i]);
+      try {
+        Object.defineProperty(target, k, { configurable: false });
+      } catch (e) {
+        if (pendingException === undefined) {
+          pendingException = e;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    // level === "frozen"
+    var l = +ownProps.length;
+    var k;
+    for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+      k = String(ownProps[i]);
+      try {
+        var currentDesc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, k);
+        if (currentDesc !== undefined) {
+          var desc;
+          if (isAccessorDescriptor(currentDesc)) {
+            desc = { configurable: false }
+          } else {
+            desc = { configurable: false, writable: false }
+          }
+          Object.defineProperty(target, k, desc);
+        }        
+      } catch (e) {
+        if (pendingException === undefined) {
+          pendingException = e;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (pendingException !== undefined) {
+    throw pendingException;
+  }
+  return Reflect.preventExtensions(target);
+}
+
+// ES6 7.3.12 TestIntegrityLevel
+// level is one of "sealed" or "frozen"
+function testIntegrityLevel(target, level) {
+  var isExtensible = Object_isExtensible(target);
+  if (isExtensible) return false;
+  
+  var ownProps = Object_getOwnPropertyNames(target);
+  var pendingException = undefined;
+  var configurable = false;
+  var writable = false;
+  
+  var l = +ownProps.length;
+  var k;
+  var currentDesc;
+  for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+    k = String(ownProps[i]);
+    try {
+      currentDesc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, k);
+      configurable = configurable || currentDesc.configurable;
+      if (isDataDescriptor(currentDesc)) {
+        writable = writable || currentDesc.writable;
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      if (pendingException === undefined) {
+        pendingException = e;
+        configurable = true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (pendingException !== undefined) {
+    throw pendingException;
+  }
+  if (level === "frozen" && writable === true) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (configurable === true) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// ---- The Validator handler wrapper around user handlers ----
+
+/**
+ * @param target the object wrapped by this proxy.
+ * As long as the proxy is extensible, only non-configurable properties
+ * are checked against the target. Once the proxy becomes non-extensible,
+ * invariants w.r.t. non-extensibility are also enforced.
+ *
+ * @param handler the handler of the direct proxy. The object emulated by
+ * this handler is validated against the target object of the direct proxy.
+ * Any violations that the handler makes against the invariants
+ * of the target will cause a TypeError to be thrown.
+ *
+ * Both target and handler must be proper Objects at initialization time.
+ */
+function Validator(target, handler) {
+  // for non-revokable proxies, these are const references
+  // for revokable proxies, on revocation:
+  // - this.target is set to null
+  // - this.handler is set to a handler that throws on all traps
+  this.target  = target;
+  this.handler = handler;
+}
+
+Validator.prototype = {
+
+  /**
+   * If getTrap returns undefined, the caller should perform the
+   * default forwarding behavior.
+   * If getTrap returns normally otherwise, the return value
+   * will be a callable trap function. When calling the trap function,
+   * the caller is responsible for binding its |this| to |this.handler|.
+   */
+  getTrap: function(trapName) {
+    var trap = this.handler[trapName];
+    if (trap === undefined) {
+      // the trap was not defined,
+      // perform the default forwarding behavior
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof trap !== "function") {
+      throw new TypeError(trapName + " trap is not callable: "+trap);
+    }
+
+    return trap;
+  },
+
+  // === fundamental traps ===
+
+  /**
+   * If name denotes a fixed property, check:
+   *   - whether targetHandler reports it as existent
+   *   - whether the returned descriptor is compatible with the fixed property
+   * If the proxy is non-extensible, check:
+   *   - whether name is not a new property
+   * Additionally, the returned descriptor is normalized and completed.
+   */
+  getOwnPropertyDescriptor: function(name) {
+    "use strict";
+
+    var trap = this.getTrap("getOwnPropertyDescriptor");
+    if (trap === undefined) {
+      return Reflect.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(this.target, name);
+    }
+
+    name = String(name);
+    var desc = trap.call(this.handler, this.target, name);
+    desc = normalizeAndCompletePropertyDescriptor(desc);
+
+    var targetDesc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(this.target, name);
+    var extensible = Object.isExtensible(this.target);
+
+    if (desc === undefined) {
+      if (isSealedDesc(targetDesc)) {
+        throw new TypeError("cannot report non-configurable property '"+name+
+                            "' as non-existent");
+      }
+      if (!extensible && targetDesc !== undefined) {
+          // if handler is allowed to return undefined, we cannot guarantee
+          // that it will not return a descriptor for this property later.
+          // Once a property has been reported as non-existent on a non-extensible
+          // object, it should forever be reported as non-existent
+          throw new TypeError("cannot report existing own property '"+name+
+                              "' as non-existent on a non-extensible object");
+      }
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    // at this point, we know (desc !== undefined), i.e.
+    // targetHandler reports 'name' as an existing property
+
+    // Note: we could collapse the following two if-tests into a single
+    // test. Separating out the cases to improve error reporting.
+
+    if (!extensible) {
+      if (targetDesc === undefined) {
+        throw new TypeError("cannot report a new own property '"+
+                            name + "' on a non-extensible object");
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (name !== undefined) {
+      if (!isCompatibleDescriptor(extensible, targetDesc, desc)) {
+        throw new TypeError("cannot report incompatible property descriptor "+
+                            "for property '"+name+"'");
+      }
+    }
+    
+    if (desc.configurable === false) {
+      if (targetDesc === undefined || targetDesc.configurable === true) {
+        // if the property is configurable or non-existent on the target,
+        // but is reported as a non-configurable property, it may later be
+        // reported as configurable or non-existent, which violates the
+        // invariant that if the property might change or disappear, the
+        // configurable attribute must be true.
+        throw new TypeError(
+          "cannot report a non-configurable descriptor " +
+          "for configurable or non-existent property '" + name + "'");
+      }
+      if ('writable' in desc && desc.writable === false) {
+        if (targetDesc.writable === true) {
+          // if the property is non-configurable, writable on the target,
+          // but is reported as non-configurable, non-writable, it may later
+          // be reported as non-configurable, writable again, which violates
+          // the invariant that a non-configurable, non-writable property
+          // may not change state.
+          throw new TypeError(
+            "cannot report non-configurable, writable property '" + name +
+            "' as non-configurable, non-writable");
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return desc;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * In the direct proxies design with refactored prototype climbing,
+   * this trap is deprecated. For proxies-as-prototypes, instead
+   * of calling this trap, the get, set, has or enumerate traps are
+   * called instead.
+   *
+   * In this implementation, we "abuse" getPropertyDescriptor to
+   * support trapping the get or set traps for proxies-as-prototypes.
+   * We do this by returning a getter/setter pair that invokes
+   * the corresponding traps.
+   *
+   * While this hack works for inherited property access, it has some
+   * quirks:
+   *
+   * In Firefox, this trap is only called after a prior invocation
+   * of the 'has' trap has returned true. Hence, expect the following
+   * behavior:
+   * <code>
+   * var child = Object.create(Proxy(target, handler));
+   * child[name] // triggers handler.has(target, name)
+   * // if that returns true, triggers handler.get(target, name, child)
+   * </code>
+   *
+   * On v8, the 'in' operator, when applied to an object that inherits
+   * from a proxy, will call getPropertyDescriptor and walk the proto-chain.
+   * That calls the below getPropertyDescriptor trap on the proxy. The
+   * result of the 'in'-operator is then determined by whether this trap
+   * returns undefined or a property descriptor object. That is why
+   * we first explicitly trigger the 'has' trap to determine whether
+   * the property exists.
+   *
+   * This has the side-effect that when enumerating properties on
+   * an object that inherits from a proxy in v8, only properties
+   * for which 'has' returns true are returned:
+   *
+   * <code>
+   * var child = Object.create(Proxy(target, handler));
+   * for (var prop in child) {
+   *   // only enumerates prop if (prop in child) returns true
+   * }
+   * </code>
+   */
+  getPropertyDescriptor: function(name) {
+    var handler = this;
+
+    if (!handler.has(name)) return undefined;
+
+    return {
+      get: function() {
+        return handler.get(this, name);
+      },
+      set: function(val) {
+        if (handler.set(this, name, val)) {
+          return val;
+        } else {
+          throw new TypeError("failed assignment to "+name);
+        }
+      },
+      enumerable: true,
+      configurable: true
+    };
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * If name denotes a fixed property, check for incompatible changes.
+   * If the proxy is non-extensible, check that new properties are rejected.
+   */
+  defineProperty: function(name, desc) {
+    // TODO(tvcutsem): the current tracemonkey implementation of proxies
+    // auto-completes 'desc', which is not correct. 'desc' should be
+    // normalized, but not completed. Consider:
+    // Object.defineProperty(proxy, 'foo', {enumerable:false})
+    // This trap will receive desc =
+    //  {value:undefined,writable:false,enumerable:false,configurable:false}
+    // This will also set all other attributes to their default value,
+    // which is unexpected and different from [[DefineOwnProperty]].
+    // Bug filed: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=601329
+
+    var trap = this.getTrap("defineProperty");
+    if (trap === undefined) {
+      // default forwarding behavior
+      return Reflect.defineProperty(this.target, name, desc);
+    }
+
+    name = String(name);
+    var descObj = normalizePropertyDescriptor(desc);
+    var success = trap.call(this.handler, this.target, name, descObj);
+    success = !!success; // coerce to Boolean
+
+    if (success === true) {
+
+      var targetDesc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(this.target, name);
+      var extensible = Object.isExtensible(this.target);
+
+      // Note: we could collapse the following two if-tests into a single
+      // test. Separating out the cases to improve error reporting.
+
+      if (!extensible) {
+        if (targetDesc === undefined) {
+          throw new TypeError("cannot successfully add a new property '"+
+                              name + "' to a non-extensible object");
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (targetDesc !== undefined) {
+        if (!isCompatibleDescriptor(extensible, targetDesc, desc)) {
+          throw new TypeError("cannot define incompatible property "+
+                              "descriptor for property '"+name+"'");
+        }
+        if (isDataDescriptor(targetDesc) &&
+            targetDesc.configurable === false &&
+            targetDesc.writable === true) {
+            if (desc.configurable === false && desc.writable === false) {
+              // if the property is non-configurable, writable on the target
+              // but was successfully reported to be updated to
+              // non-configurable, non-writable, it can later be reported
+              // again as non-configurable, writable, which violates
+              // the invariant that non-configurable, non-writable properties
+              // cannot change state
+              throw new TypeError(
+                "cannot successfully define non-configurable, writable " +
+                " property '" + name + "' as non-configurable, non-writable");
+            }
+          }
+      }
+
+      if (desc.configurable === false && !isSealedDesc(targetDesc)) {
+        // if the property is configurable or non-existent on the target,
+        // but is successfully being redefined as a non-configurable property,
+        // it may later be reported as configurable or non-existent, which violates
+        // the invariant that if the property might change or disappear, the
+        // configurable attribute must be true.
+        throw new TypeError(
+          "cannot successfully define a non-configurable " +
+          "descriptor for configurable or non-existent property '" +
+          name + "'");
+      }
+
+    }
+
+    return success;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * On success, check whether the target object is indeed non-extensible.
+   */
+  preventExtensions: function() {
+    var trap = this.getTrap("preventExtensions");
+    if (trap === undefined) {
+      // default forwarding behavior
+      return Reflect.preventExtensions(this.target);
+    }
+
+    var success = trap.call(this.handler, this.target);
+    success = !!success; // coerce to Boolean
+    if (success) {
+      if (Object_isExtensible(this.target)) {
+        throw new TypeError("can't report extensible object as non-extensible: "+
+                            this.target);
+      }
+    }
+    return success;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * If name denotes a sealed property, check whether handler rejects.
+   */
+  delete: function(name) {
+    "use strict";
+    var trap = this.getTrap("deleteProperty");
+    if (trap === undefined) {
+      // default forwarding behavior
+      return Reflect.deleteProperty(this.target, name);
+    }
+
+    name = String(name);
+    var res = trap.call(this.handler, this.target, name);
+    res = !!res; // coerce to Boolean
+
+    var targetDesc;
+    if (res === true) {
+      targetDesc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(this.target, name);
+      if (targetDesc !== undefined && targetDesc.configurable === false) {
+        throw new TypeError("property '" + name + "' is non-configurable "+
+                            "and can't be deleted");
+      }
+      if (targetDesc !== undefined && !Object_isExtensible(this.target)) {
+        // if the property still exists on a non-extensible target but
+        // is reported as successfully deleted, it may later be reported
+        // as present, which violates the invariant that an own property,
+        // deleted from a non-extensible object cannot reappear.
+        throw new TypeError(
+          "cannot successfully delete existing property '" + name +
+          "' on a non-extensible object");
+      }
+    }
+
+    return res;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * The getOwnPropertyNames trap was replaced by the ownKeys trap,
+   * which now also returns an array (of strings or symbols) and
+   * which performs the same rigorous invariant checks as getOwnPropertyNames
+   *
+   * See issue #48 on how this trap can still get invoked by external libs
+   * that don't use the patched Object.getOwnPropertyNames function.
+   */
+  getOwnPropertyNames: function() {
+    // Note: removed deprecation warning to avoid dependency on 'console'
+    // (and on node, should anyway use util.deprecate). Deprecation warnings
+    // can also be annoying when they are outside of the user's control, e.g.
+    // when an external library calls unpatched Object.getOwnPropertyNames.
+    // Since there is a clean fallback to `ownKeys`, the fact that the
+    // deprecated method is still called is mostly harmless anyway.
+    // See also issues #65 and #66.
+    // console.warn("getOwnPropertyNames trap is deprecated. Use ownKeys instead");
+    return this.ownKeys();
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Checks whether the trap result does not contain any new properties
+   * if the proxy is non-extensible.
+   *
+   * Any own non-configurable properties of the target that are not included
+   * in the trap result give rise to a TypeError. As such, we check whether the
+   * returned result contains at least all sealed properties of the target
+   * object.
+   *
+   * Additionally, the trap result is normalized.
+   * Instead of returning the trap result directly:
+   *  - create and return a fresh Array,
+   *  - of which each element is coerced to a String
+   *
+   * This trap is called a.o. by Reflect.ownKeys, Object.getOwnPropertyNames
+   * and Object.keys (the latter filters out only the enumerable own properties).
+   */
+  ownKeys: function() {
+    var trap = this.getTrap("ownKeys");
+    if (trap === undefined) {
+      // default forwarding behavior
+      return Reflect.ownKeys(this.target);
+    }
+
+    var trapResult = trap.call(this.handler, this.target);
+
+    // propNames is used as a set of strings
+    var propNames = Object.create(null);
+    var numProps = +trapResult.length;
+    var result = new Array(numProps);
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < numProps; i++) {
+      var s = String(trapResult[i]);
+      if (!Object.isExtensible(this.target) && !isFixed(s, this.target)) {
+        // non-extensible proxies don't tolerate new own property names
+        throw new TypeError("ownKeys trap cannot list a new "+
+                            "property '"+s+"' on a non-extensible object");
+      }
+
+      propNames[s] = true;
+      result[i] = s;
+    }
+
+    var ownProps = Object_getOwnPropertyNames(this.target);
+    var target = this.target;
+    ownProps.forEach(function (ownProp) {
+      if (!propNames[ownProp]) {
+        if (isSealed(ownProp, target)) {
+          throw new TypeError("ownKeys trap failed to include "+
+                              "non-configurable property '"+ownProp+"'");
+        }
+        if (!Object.isExtensible(target) &&
+            isFixed(ownProp, target)) {
+            // if handler is allowed to report ownProp as non-existent,
+            // we cannot guarantee that it will never later report it as
+            // existent. Once a property has been reported as non-existent
+            // on a non-extensible object, it should forever be reported as
+            // non-existent
+            throw new TypeError("ownKeys trap cannot report existing own property '"+
+                                ownProp+"' as non-existent on a non-extensible object");
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    return result;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Checks whether the trap result is consistent with the state of the
+   * wrapped target.
+   */
+  isExtensible: function() {
+    var trap = this.getTrap("isExtensible");
+    if (trap === undefined) {
+      // default forwarding behavior
+      return Reflect.isExtensible(this.target);
+    }
+
+    var result = trap.call(this.handler, this.target);
+    result = !!result; // coerce to Boolean
+    var state = Object_isExtensible(this.target);
+    if (result !== state) {
+      if (result) {
+        throw new TypeError("cannot report non-extensible object as extensible: "+
+                             this.target);
+      } else {
+        throw new TypeError("cannot report extensible object as non-extensible: "+
+                             this.target);
+      }
+    }
+    return state;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Check whether the trap result corresponds to the target's [[Prototype]]
+   */
+  getPrototypeOf: function() {
+    var trap = this.getTrap("getPrototypeOf");
+    if (trap === undefined) {
+      // default forwarding behavior
+      return Reflect.getPrototypeOf(this.target);
+    }
+
+    var allegedProto = trap.call(this.handler, this.target);
+
+    if (!Object_isExtensible(this.target)) {
+      var actualProto = Object_getPrototypeOf(this.target);
+      if (!sameValue(allegedProto, actualProto)) {
+        throw new TypeError("prototype value does not match: " + this.target);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return allegedProto;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * If target is non-extensible and setPrototypeOf trap returns true,
+   * check whether the trap result corresponds to the target's [[Prototype]]
+   */
+  setPrototypeOf: function(newProto) {
+    var trap = this.getTrap("setPrototypeOf");
+    if (trap === undefined) {
+      // default forwarding behavior
+      return Reflect.setPrototypeOf(this.target, newProto);
+    }
+
+    var success = trap.call(this.handler, this.target, newProto);
+
+    success = !!success;
+    if (success && !Object_isExtensible(this.target)) {
+      var actualProto = Object_getPrototypeOf(this.target);
+      if (!sameValue(newProto, actualProto)) {
+        throw new TypeError("prototype value does not match: " + this.target);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return success;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * In the direct proxies design with refactored prototype climbing,
+   * this trap is deprecated. For proxies-as-prototypes, for-in will
+   * call the enumerate() trap. If that trap is not defined, the
+   * operation is forwarded to the target, no more fallback on this
+   * fundamental trap.
+   */
+  getPropertyNames: function() {
+    throw new TypeError("getPropertyNames trap is deprecated");
+  },
+
+  // === derived traps ===
+
+  /**
+   * If name denotes a fixed property, check whether the trap returns true.
+   */
+  has: function(name) {
+    var trap = this.getTrap("has");
+    if (trap === undefined) {
+      // default forwarding behavior
+      return Reflect.has(this.target, name);
+    }
+
+    name = String(name);
+    var res = trap.call(this.handler, this.target, name);
+    res = !!res; // coerce to Boolean
+
+    if (res === false) {
+      if (isSealed(name, this.target)) {
+        throw new TypeError("cannot report existing non-configurable own "+
+                            "property '"+ name + "' as a non-existent "+
+                            "property");
+      }
+      if (!Object.isExtensible(this.target) &&
+          isFixed(name, this.target)) {
+          // if handler is allowed to return false, we cannot guarantee
+          // that it will not return true for this property later.
+          // Once a property has been reported as non-existent on a non-extensible
+          // object, it should forever be reported as non-existent
+          throw new TypeError("cannot report existing own property '"+name+
+                              "' as non-existent on a non-extensible object");
+      }
+    }
+
+    // if res === true, we don't need to check for extensibility
+    // even for a non-extensible proxy that has no own name property,
+    // the property may have been inherited
+
+    return res;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * If name denotes a fixed non-configurable, non-writable data property,
+   * check its return value against the previously asserted value of the
+   * fixed property.
+   */
+  get: function(receiver, name) {
+
+    // experimental support for invoke() trap on platforms that
+    // support __noSuchMethod__
+    /*
+    if (name === '__noSuchMethod__') {
+      var handler = this;
+      return function(name, args) {
+        return handler.invoke(receiver, name, args);
+      }
+    }
+    */
+
+    var trap = this.getTrap("get");
+    if (trap === undefined) {
+      // default forwarding behavior
+      return Reflect.get(this.target, name, receiver);
+    }
+
+    name = String(name);
+    var res = trap.call(this.handler, this.target, name, receiver);
+
+    var fixedDesc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(this.target, name);
+    // check consistency of the returned value
+    if (fixedDesc !== undefined) { // getting an existing property
+      if (isDataDescriptor(fixedDesc) &&
+          fixedDesc.configurable === false &&
+          fixedDesc.writable === false) { // own frozen data property
+        if (!sameValue(res, fixedDesc.value)) {
+          throw new TypeError("cannot report inconsistent value for "+
+                              "non-writable, non-configurable property '"+
+                              name+"'");
+        }
+      } else { // it's an accessor property
+        if (isAccessorDescriptor(fixedDesc) &&
+            fixedDesc.configurable === false &&
+            fixedDesc.get === undefined) {
+          if (res !== undefined) {
+            throw new TypeError("must report undefined for non-configurable "+
+                                "accessor property '"+name+"' without getter");
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return res;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * If name denotes a fixed non-configurable, non-writable data property,
+   * check that the trap rejects the assignment.
+   */
+  set: function(receiver, name, val) {
+    var trap = this.getTrap("set");
+    if (trap === undefined) {
+      // default forwarding behavior
+      return Reflect.set(this.target, name, val, receiver);
+    }
+
+    name = String(name);
+    var res = trap.call(this.handler, this.target, name, val, receiver);
+    res = !!res; // coerce to Boolean
+
+    // if success is reported, check whether property is truly assignable
+    if (res === true) {
+      var fixedDesc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(this.target, name);
+      if (fixedDesc !== undefined) { // setting an existing property
+        if (isDataDescriptor(fixedDesc) &&
+            fixedDesc.configurable === false &&
+            fixedDesc.writable === false) {
+          if (!sameValue(val, fixedDesc.value)) {
+            throw new TypeError("cannot successfully assign to a "+
+                                "non-writable, non-configurable property '"+
+                                name+"'");
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (isAccessorDescriptor(fixedDesc) &&
+              fixedDesc.configurable === false && // non-configurable
+              fixedDesc.set === undefined) {      // accessor with undefined setter
+            throw new TypeError("setting a property '"+name+"' that has "+
+                                " only a getter");
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return res;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Any own enumerable non-configurable properties of the target that are not
+   * included in the trap result give rise to a TypeError. As such, we check
+   * whether the returned result contains at least all sealed enumerable properties
+   * of the target object.
+   *
+   * The trap should return an iterator.
+   *
+   * However, as implementations of pre-direct proxies still expect enumerate
+   * to return an array of strings, we convert the iterator into an array.
+   */
+  enumerate: function() {
+    var trap = this.getTrap("enumerate");
+    if (trap === undefined) {
+      // default forwarding behavior
+      var trapResult = Reflect.enumerate(this.target);
+      var result = [];
+      var nxt = trapResult.next();
+      while (!nxt.done) {
+        result.push(String(nxt.value));
+        nxt = trapResult.next();
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    var trapResult = trap.call(this.handler, this.target);
+    
+    if (trapResult === null ||
+        trapResult === undefined ||
+        trapResult.next === undefined) {
+      throw new TypeError("enumerate trap should return an iterator, got: "+
+                          trapResult);    
+    }
+    
+    // propNames is used as a set of strings
+    var propNames = Object.create(null);
+    
+    // var numProps = +trapResult.length;
+    var result = []; // new Array(numProps);
+    
+    // trapResult is supposed to be an iterator
+    // drain iterator to array as current implementations still expect
+    // enumerate to return an array of strings
+    var nxt = trapResult.next();
+    
+    while (!nxt.done) {
+      var s = String(nxt.value);
+      if (propNames[s]) {
+        throw new TypeError("enumerate trap cannot list a "+
+                            "duplicate property '"+s+"'");
+      }
+      propNames[s] = true;
+      result.push(s);
+      nxt = trapResult.next();
+    }
+    
+    /*for (var i = 0; i < numProps; i++) {
+      var s = String(trapResult[i]);
+      if (propNames[s]) {
+        throw new TypeError("enumerate trap cannot list a "+
+                            "duplicate property '"+s+"'");
+      }
+
+      propNames[s] = true;
+      result[i] = s;
+    } */
+
+    var ownEnumerableProps = Object.keys(this.target);
+    var target = this.target;
+    ownEnumerableProps.forEach(function (ownEnumerableProp) {
+      if (!propNames[ownEnumerableProp]) {
+        if (isSealed(ownEnumerableProp, target)) {
+          throw new TypeError("enumerate trap failed to include "+
+                              "non-configurable enumerable property '"+
+                              ownEnumerableProp+"'");
+        }
+        if (!Object.isExtensible(target) &&
+            isFixed(ownEnumerableProp, target)) {
+            // if handler is allowed not to report ownEnumerableProp as an own
+            // property, we cannot guarantee that it will never report it as
+            // an own property later. Once a property has been reported as
+            // non-existent on a non-extensible object, it should forever be
+            // reported as non-existent
+            throw new TypeError("cannot report existing own property '"+
+                                ownEnumerableProp+"' as non-existent on a "+
+                                "non-extensible object");
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    return result;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * The iterate trap is deprecated by the enumerate trap.
+   */
+  iterate: Validator.prototype.enumerate,
+
+  /**
+   * Any own non-configurable properties of the target that are not included
+   * in the trap result give rise to a TypeError. As such, we check whether the
+   * returned result contains at least all sealed properties of the target
+   * object.
+   *
+   * The trap result is normalized.
+   * The trap result is not returned directly. Instead:
+   *  - create and return a fresh Array,
+   *  - of which each element is coerced to String,
+   *  - which does not contain duplicates
+   *
+   * FIXME: keys trap is deprecated
+   */
+  /*
+  keys: function() {
+    var trap = this.getTrap("keys");
+    if (trap === undefined) {
+      // default forwarding behavior
+      return Reflect.keys(this.target);
+    }
+
+    var trapResult = trap.call(this.handler, this.target);
+
+    // propNames is used as a set of strings
+    var propNames = Object.create(null);
+    var numProps = +trapResult.length;
+    var result = new Array(numProps);
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < numProps; i++) {
+     var s = String(trapResult[i]);
+     if (propNames[s]) {
+       throw new TypeError("keys trap cannot list a "+
+                           "duplicate property '"+s+"'");
+     }
+     if (!Object.isExtensible(this.target) && !isFixed(s, this.target)) {
+       // non-extensible proxies don't tolerate new own property names
+       throw new TypeError("keys trap cannot list a new "+
+                           "property '"+s+"' on a non-extensible object");
+     }
+
+     propNames[s] = true;
+     result[i] = s;
+    }
+
+    var ownEnumerableProps = Object.keys(this.target);
+    var target = this.target;
+    ownEnumerableProps.forEach(function (ownEnumerableProp) {
+      if (!propNames[ownEnumerableProp]) {
+        if (isSealed(ownEnumerableProp, target)) {
+          throw new TypeError("keys trap failed to include "+
+                              "non-configurable enumerable property '"+
+                              ownEnumerableProp+"'");
+        }
+        if (!Object.isExtensible(target) &&
+            isFixed(ownEnumerableProp, target)) {
+            // if handler is allowed not to report ownEnumerableProp as an own
+            // property, we cannot guarantee that it will never report it as
+            // an own property later. Once a property has been reported as
+            // non-existent on a non-extensible object, it should forever be
+            // reported as non-existent
+            throw new TypeError("cannot report existing own property '"+
+                                ownEnumerableProp+"' as non-existent on a "+
+                                "non-extensible object");
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    return result;
+  },
+  */
+  
+  /**
+   * New trap that reifies [[Call]].
+   * If the target is a function, then a call to
+   *   proxy(...args)
+   * Triggers this trap
+   */
+  apply: function(target, thisBinding, args) {
+    var trap = this.getTrap("apply");
+    if (trap === undefined) {
+      return Reflect.apply(target, thisBinding, args);
+    }
+
+    if (typeof this.target === "function") {
+      return trap.call(this.handler, target, thisBinding, args);
+    } else {
+      throw new TypeError("apply: "+ target + " is not a function");
+    }
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * New trap that reifies [[Construct]].
+   * If the target is a function, then a call to
+   *   new proxy(...args)
+   * Triggers this trap
+   */
+  construct: function(target, args, newTarget) {
+    var trap = this.getTrap("construct");
+    if (trap === undefined) {
+      return Reflect.construct(target, args, newTarget);
+    }
+
+    if (typeof target !== "function") {
+      throw new TypeError("new: "+ target + " is not a function");
+    }
+
+    if (newTarget === undefined) {
+      newTarget = target;
+    } else {
+      if (typeof newTarget !== "function") {
+        throw new TypeError("new: "+ newTarget + " is not a function");
+      }      
+    }
+    return trap.call(this.handler, target, args, newTarget);
+  }
+};
+
+// ---- end of the Validator handler wrapper handler ----
+
+// In what follows, a 'direct proxy' is a proxy
+// whose handler is a Validator. Such proxies can be made non-extensible,
+// sealed or frozen without losing the ability to trap.
+
+// maps direct proxies to their Validator handlers
+var directProxies = new WeakMap();
+
+// patch Object.{preventExtensions,seal,freeze} so that
+// they recognize fixable proxies and act accordingly
+Object.preventExtensions = function(subject) {
+  var vhandler = directProxies.get(subject);
+  if (vhandler !== undefined) {
+    if (vhandler.preventExtensions()) {
+      return subject;
+    } else {
+      throw new TypeError("preventExtensions on "+subject+" rejected");
+    }
+  } else {
+    return prim_preventExtensions(subject);
+  }
+};
+Object.seal = function(subject) {
+  setIntegrityLevel(subject, "sealed");
+  return subject;
+};
+Object.freeze = function(subject) {
+  setIntegrityLevel(subject, "frozen");
+  return subject;
+};
+Object.isExtensible = Object_isExtensible = function(subject) {
+  var vHandler = directProxies.get(subject);
+  if (vHandler !== undefined) {
+    return vHandler.isExtensible();
+  } else {
+    return prim_isExtensible(subject);
+  }
+};
+Object.isSealed = Object_isSealed = function(subject) {
+  return testIntegrityLevel(subject, "sealed");
+};
+Object.isFrozen = Object_isFrozen = function(subject) {
+  return testIntegrityLevel(subject, "frozen");
+};
+Object.getPrototypeOf = Object_getPrototypeOf = function(subject) {
+  var vHandler = directProxies.get(subject);
+  if (vHandler !== undefined) {
+    return vHandler.getPrototypeOf();
+  } else {
+    return prim_getPrototypeOf(subject);
+  }
+};
+
+// patch Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor to directly call
+// the Validator.prototype.getOwnPropertyDescriptor trap
+// This is to circumvent an assertion in the built-in Proxy
+// trapping mechanism of v8, which disallows that trap to
+// return non-configurable property descriptors (as per the
+// old Proxy design)
+Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor = function(subject, name) {
+  var vhandler = directProxies.get(subject);
+  if (vhandler !== undefined) {
+    return vhandler.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(name);
+  } else {
+    return prim_getOwnPropertyDescriptor(subject, name);
+  }
+};
+
+// patch Object.defineProperty to directly call
+// the Validator.prototype.defineProperty trap
+// This is to circumvent two issues with the built-in
+// trap mechanism:
+// 1) the current tracemonkey implementation of proxies
+// auto-completes 'desc', which is not correct. 'desc' should be
+// normalized, but not completed. Consider:
+// Object.defineProperty(proxy, 'foo', {enumerable:false})
+// This trap will receive desc =
+//  {value:undefined,writable:false,enumerable:false,configurable:false}
+// This will also set all other attributes to their default value,
+// which is unexpected and different from [[DefineOwnProperty]].
+// Bug filed: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=601329
+// 2) the current spidermonkey implementation does not
+// throw an exception when this trap returns 'false', but instead silently
+// ignores the operation (this is regardless of strict-mode)
+// 2a) v8 does throw an exception for this case, but includes the rather
+//     unhelpful error message:
+// 'Proxy handler #<Object> returned false from 'defineProperty' trap'
+Object.defineProperty = function(subject, name, desc) {
+  var vhandler = directProxies.get(subject);
+  if (vhandler !== undefined) {
+    var normalizedDesc = normalizePropertyDescriptor(desc);
+    var success = vhandler.defineProperty(name, normalizedDesc);
+    if (success === false) {
+      throw new TypeError("can't redefine property '"+name+"'");
+    }
+    return subject;
+  } else {
+    return prim_defineProperty(subject, name, desc);
+  }
+};
+
+Object.defineProperties = function(subject, descs) {
+  var vhandler = directProxies.get(subject);
+  if (vhandler !== undefined) {
+    var names = Object.keys(descs);
+    for (var i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
+      var name = names[i];
+      var normalizedDesc = normalizePropertyDescriptor(descs[name]);
+      var success = vhandler.defineProperty(name, normalizedDesc);
+      if (success === false) {
+        throw new TypeError("can't redefine property '"+name+"'");
+      }
+    }
+    return subject;
+  } else {
+    return prim_defineProperties(subject, descs);
+  }
+};
+
+Object.keys = function(subject) {
+  var vHandler = directProxies.get(subject);
+  if (vHandler !== undefined) {
+    var ownKeys = vHandler.ownKeys();
+    var result = [];
+    for (var i = 0; i < ownKeys.length; i++) {
+      var k = String(ownKeys[i]);
+      var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(subject, k);
+      if (desc !== undefined && desc.enumerable === true) {
+        result.push(k);
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  } else {
+    return prim_keys(subject);
+  }
+}
+
+Object.getOwnPropertyNames = Object_getOwnPropertyNames = function(subject) {
+  var vHandler = directProxies.get(subject);
+  if (vHandler !== undefined) {
+    return vHandler.ownKeys();
+  } else {
+    return prim_getOwnPropertyNames(subject);
+  }
+}
+
+// fixes issue #71 (Calling Object.getOwnPropertySymbols() on a Proxy
+// throws an error)
+if (prim_getOwnPropertySymbols !== undefined) {
+  Object.getOwnPropertySymbols = function(subject) {
+    var vHandler = directProxies.get(subject);
+    if (vHandler !== undefined) {
+      // as this shim does not support symbols, a Proxy never advertises
+      // any symbol-valued own properties
+      return [];
+    } else {
+      return prim_getOwnPropertySymbols(subject);
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+// fixes issue #72 ('Illegal access' error when using Object.assign)
+// Object.assign polyfill based on a polyfill posted on MDN: 
+// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/\
+//  Global_Objects/Object/assign
+// Note that this polyfill does not support Symbols, but this Proxy Shim
+// does not support Symbols anyway.
+if (prim_assign !== undefined) {
+  Object.assign = function (target) {
+    
+    // check if any argument is a proxy object
+    var noProxies = true;
+    for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+      var vHandler = directProxies.get(arguments[i]);
+      if (vHandler !== undefined) {
+        noProxies = false;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (noProxies) {
+      // not a single argument is a proxy, perform built-in algorithm
+      return prim_assign.apply(Object, arguments);
+    }
+    
+    // there is at least one proxy argument, use the polyfill
+    
+    if (target === undefined || target === null) {
+      throw new TypeError('Cannot convert undefined or null to object');
+    }
+
+    var output = Object(target);
+    for (var index = 1; index < arguments.length; index++) {
+      var source = arguments[index];
+      if (source !== undefined && source !== null) {
+        for (var nextKey in source) {
+          if (source.hasOwnProperty(nextKey)) {
+            output[nextKey] = source[nextKey];
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return output;
+  };
+}
+
+// returns whether an argument is a reference to an object,
+// which is legal as a WeakMap key.
+function isObject(arg) {
+  var type = typeof arg;
+  return (type === 'object' && arg !== null) || (type === 'function');
+};
+
+// a wrapper for WeakMap.get which returns the undefined value
+// for keys that are not objects (in which case the underlying
+// WeakMap would have thrown a TypeError).
+function safeWeakMapGet(map, key) {
+  return isObject(key) ? map.get(key) : undefined;
+};
+
+// returns a new function of zero arguments that recursively
+// unwraps any proxies specified as the |this|-value.
+// The primitive is assumed to be a zero-argument method
+// that uses its |this|-binding.
+function makeUnwrapping0ArgMethod(primitive) {
+  return function builtin() {
+    var vHandler = safeWeakMapGet(directProxies, this);
+    if (vHandler !== undefined) {
+      return builtin.call(vHandler.target);
+    } else {
+      return primitive.call(this);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+// returns a new function of 1 arguments that recursively
+// unwraps any proxies specified as the |this|-value.
+// The primitive is assumed to be a 1-argument method
+// that uses its |this|-binding.
+function makeUnwrapping1ArgMethod(primitive) {
+  return function builtin(arg) {
+    var vHandler = safeWeakMapGet(directProxies, this);
+    if (vHandler !== undefined) {
+      return builtin.call(vHandler.target, arg);
+    } else {
+      return primitive.call(this, arg);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+Object.prototype.valueOf =
+  makeUnwrapping0ArgMethod(Object.prototype.valueOf);
+Object.prototype.toString =
+  makeUnwrapping0ArgMethod(Object.prototype.toString);
+Function.prototype.toString =
+  makeUnwrapping0ArgMethod(Function.prototype.toString);
+Date.prototype.toString =
+  makeUnwrapping0ArgMethod(Date.prototype.toString);
+
+Object.prototype.isPrototypeOf = function builtin(arg) {
+  // bugfix thanks to Bill Mark:
+  // built-in isPrototypeOf does not unwrap proxies used
+  // as arguments. So, we implement the builtin ourselves,
+  // based on the ECMAScript 6 spec. Our encoding will
+  // make sure that if a proxy is used as an argument,
+  // its getPrototypeOf trap will be called.
+  while (true) {
+    var vHandler2 = safeWeakMapGet(directProxies, arg);
+    if (vHandler2 !== undefined) {
+      arg = vHandler2.getPrototypeOf();
+      if (arg === null) {
+        return false;
+      } else if (sameValue(arg, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    } else {
+      return prim_isPrototypeOf.call(this, arg);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+Array.isArray = function(subject) {
+  var vHandler = safeWeakMapGet(directProxies, subject);
+  if (vHandler !== undefined) {
+    return Array.isArray(vHandler.target);
+  } else {
+    return prim_isArray(subject);
+  }
+};
+
+function isProxyArray(arg) {
+  var vHandler = safeWeakMapGet(directProxies, arg);
+  if (vHandler !== undefined) {
+    return Array.isArray(vHandler.target);
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Array.prototype.concat internally tests whether one of its
+// arguments is an Array, by checking whether [[Class]] == "Array"
+// As such, it will fail to recognize proxies-for-arrays as arrays.
+// We patch Array.prototype.concat so that it "unwraps" proxies-for-arrays
+// by making a copy. This will trigger the exact same sequence of
+// traps on the proxy-for-array as if we would not have unwrapped it.
+// See <https://github.com/tvcutsem/harmony-reflect/issues/19> for more.
+Array.prototype.concat = function(/*...args*/) {
+  var length;
+  for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+    if (isProxyArray(arguments[i])) {
+      length = arguments[i].length;
+      arguments[i] = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments[i], 0, length);
+    }
+  }
+  return prim_concat.apply(this, arguments);
+};
+
+// setPrototypeOf support on platforms that support __proto__
+
+var prim_setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf;
+
+// patch and extract original __proto__ setter
+var __proto__setter = (function() {
+  var protoDesc = prim_getOwnPropertyDescriptor(Object.prototype,'__proto__');
+  if (protoDesc === undefined ||
+      typeof protoDesc.set !== "function") {
+    return function() {
+      throw new TypeError("setPrototypeOf not supported on this platform");
+    }
+  }
+
+  // see if we can actually mutate a prototype with the generic setter
+  // (e.g. Chrome v28 doesn't allow setting __proto__ via the generic setter)
+  try {
+    protoDesc.set.call({},{});
+  } catch (e) {
+    return function() {
+      throw new TypeError("setPrototypeOf not supported on this platform");
+    }
+  }
+
+  prim_defineProperty(Object.prototype, '__proto__', {
+    set: function(newProto) {
+      return Object.setPrototypeOf(this, Object(newProto));
+    }
+  });
+
+  return protoDesc.set;
+}());
+
+Object.setPrototypeOf = function(target, newProto) {
+  var handler = directProxies.get(target);
+  if (handler !== undefined) {
+    if (handler.setPrototypeOf(newProto)) {
+      return target;
+    } else {
+      throw new TypeError("proxy rejected prototype mutation");
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (!Object_isExtensible(target)) {
+      throw new TypeError("can't set prototype on non-extensible object: " +
+                          target);
+    }
+    if (prim_setPrototypeOf)
+      return prim_setPrototypeOf(target, newProto);
+
+    if (Object(newProto) !== newProto || newProto === null) {
+      throw new TypeError("Object prototype may only be an Object or null: " +
+                         newProto);
+      // throw new TypeError("prototype must be an object or null")
+    }
+    __proto__setter.call(target, newProto);
+    return target;
+  }
+}
+
+Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty = function(name) {
+  var handler = safeWeakMapGet(directProxies, this);
+  if (handler !== undefined) {
+    var desc = handler.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(name);
+    return desc !== undefined;
+  } else {
+    return prim_hasOwnProperty.call(this, name);
+  }
+}
+
+// ============= Reflection module =============
+// see http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:reflect_api
+
+var Reflect = {
+  getOwnPropertyDescriptor: function(target, name) {
+    return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, name);
+  },
+  defineProperty: function(target, name, desc) {
+
+    // if target is a proxy, invoke its "defineProperty" trap
+    var handler = directProxies.get(target);
+    if (handler !== undefined) {
+      return handler.defineProperty(target, name, desc);
+    }
+
+    // Implementation transliterated from [[DefineOwnProperty]]
+    // see ES5.1 section 8.12.9
+    // this is the _exact same algorithm_ as the isCompatibleDescriptor
+    // algorithm defined above, except that at every place it
+    // returns true, this algorithm actually does define the property.
+    var current = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, name);
+    var extensible = Object.isExtensible(target);
+    if (current === undefined && extensible === false) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (current === undefined && extensible === true) {
+      Object.defineProperty(target, name, desc); // should never fail
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (isEmptyDescriptor(desc)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (isEquivalentDescriptor(current, desc)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (current.configurable === false) {
+      if (desc.configurable === true) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if ('enumerable' in desc && desc.enumerable !== current.enumerable) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    if (isGenericDescriptor(desc)) {
+      // no further validation necessary
+    } else if (isDataDescriptor(current) !== isDataDescriptor(desc)) {
+      if (current.configurable === false) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    } else if (isDataDescriptor(current) && isDataDescriptor(desc)) {
+      if (current.configurable === false) {
+        if (current.writable === false && desc.writable === true) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        if (current.writable === false) {
+          if ('value' in desc && !sameValue(desc.value, current.value)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (isAccessorDescriptor(current) && isAccessorDescriptor(desc)) {
+      if (current.configurable === false) {
+        if ('set' in desc && !sameValue(desc.set, current.set)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        if ('get' in desc && !sameValue(desc.get, current.get)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(target, name, desc); // should never fail
+    return true;
+  },
+  deleteProperty: function(target, name) {
+    var handler = directProxies.get(target);
+    if (handler !== undefined) {
+      return handler.delete(name);
+    }
+    
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, name);
+    if (desc === undefined) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (desc.configurable === true) {
+      delete target[name];
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;    
+  },
+  getPrototypeOf: function(target) {
+    return Object.getPrototypeOf(target);
+  },
+  setPrototypeOf: function(target, newProto) {
+    
+    var handler = directProxies.get(target);
+    if (handler !== undefined) {
+      return handler.setPrototypeOf(newProto);
+    }
+    
+    if (Object(newProto) !== newProto || newProto === null) {
+      throw new TypeError("Object prototype may only be an Object or null: " +
+                         newProto);
+    }
+    
+    if (!Object_isExtensible(target)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    
+    var current = Object.getPrototypeOf(target);
+    if (sameValue(current, newProto)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    
+    if (prim_setPrototypeOf) {
+      try {
+        prim_setPrototypeOf(target, newProto);
+        return true;
+      } catch (e) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    __proto__setter.call(target, newProto);
+    return true;
+  },
+  preventExtensions: function(target) {
+    var handler = directProxies.get(target);
+    if (handler !== undefined) {
+      return handler.preventExtensions();
+    }
+    prim_preventExtensions(target);
+    return true;
+  },
+  isExtensible: function(target) {
+    return Object.isExtensible(target);
+  },
+  has: function(target, name) {
+    return name in target;
+  },
+  get: function(target, name, receiver) {
+    receiver = receiver || target;
+
+    // if target is a proxy, invoke its "get" trap
+    var handler = directProxies.get(target);
+    if (handler !== undefined) {
+      return handler.get(receiver, name);
+    }
+
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, name);
+    if (desc === undefined) {
+      var proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(target);
+      if (proto === null) {
+        return undefined;
+      }
+      return Reflect.get(proto, name, receiver);
+    }
+    if (isDataDescriptor(desc)) {
+      return desc.value;
+    }
+    var getter = desc.get;
+    if (getter === undefined) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    return desc.get.call(receiver);
+  },
+  // Reflect.set implementation based on latest version of [[SetP]] at
+  // http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:proto_climbing_refactoring
+  set: function(target, name, value, receiver) {
+    receiver = receiver || target;
+
+    // if target is a proxy, invoke its "set" trap
+    var handler = directProxies.get(target);
+    if (handler !== undefined) {
+      return handler.set(receiver, name, value);
+    }
+
+    // first, check whether target has a non-writable property
+    // shadowing name on receiver
+    var ownDesc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, name);
+
+    if (ownDesc === undefined) {
+      // name is not defined in target, search target's prototype
+      var proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(target);
+
+      if (proto !== null) {
+        // continue the search in target's prototype
+        return Reflect.set(proto, name, value, receiver);
+      }
+
+      // Rev16 change. Cf. https://bugs.ecmascript.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1549
+      // target was the last prototype, now we know that 'name' is not shadowed
+      // by an existing (accessor or data) property, so we can add the property
+      // to the initial receiver object
+      // (this branch will intentionally fall through to the code below)
+      ownDesc =
+        { value: undefined,
+          writable: true,
+          enumerable: true,
+          configurable: true };
+    }
+
+    // we now know that ownDesc !== undefined
+    if (isAccessorDescriptor(ownDesc)) {
+      var setter = ownDesc.set;
+      if (setter === undefined) return false;
+      setter.call(receiver, value); // assumes Function.prototype.call
+      return true;
+    }
+    // otherwise, isDataDescriptor(ownDesc) must be true
+    if (ownDesc.writable === false) return false;
+    // we found an existing writable data property on the prototype chain.
+    // Now update or add the data property on the receiver, depending on
+    // whether the receiver already defines the property or not.
+    var existingDesc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(receiver, name);
+    if (existingDesc !== undefined) {
+      var updateDesc =
+        { value: value,
+          // FIXME: it should not be necessary to describe the following
+          // attributes. Added to circumvent a bug in tracemonkey:
+          // https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=601329
+          writable:     existingDesc.writable,
+          enumerable:   existingDesc.enumerable,
+          configurable: existingDesc.configurable };
+      Object.defineProperty(receiver, name, updateDesc);
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      if (!Object.isExtensible(receiver)) return false;
+      var newDesc =
+        { value: value,
+          writable: true,
+          enumerable: true,
+          configurable: true };
+      Object.defineProperty(receiver, name, newDesc);
+      return true;
+    }
+  },
+  /*invoke: function(target, name, args, receiver) {
+    receiver = receiver || target;
+
+    var handler = directProxies.get(target);
+    if (handler !== undefined) {
+      return handler.invoke(receiver, name, args);
+    }
+
+    var fun = Reflect.get(target, name, receiver);
+    return Function.prototype.apply.call(fun, receiver, args);
+  },*/
+  enumerate: function(target) {
+    var handler = directProxies.get(target);
+    var result;
+    if (handler !== undefined) {
+      // handler.enumerate should return an iterator directly, but the
+      // iterator gets converted to an array for backward-compat reasons,
+      // so we must re-iterate over the array
+      result = handler.enumerate(handler.target);
+    } else {
+      result = [];
+      for (var name in target) { result.push(name); };      
+    }
+    var l = +result.length;
+    var idx = 0;
+    return {
+      next: function() {
+        if (idx === l) return { done: true };
+        return { done: false, value: result[idx++] };
+      }
+    };
+  },
+  // imperfect ownKeys implementation: in ES6, should also include
+  // symbol-keyed properties.
+  ownKeys: function(target) {
+    return Object_getOwnPropertyNames(target);
+  },
+  apply: function(target, receiver, args) {
+    // target.apply(receiver, args)
+    return Function.prototype.apply.call(target, receiver, args);
+  },
+  construct: function(target, args, newTarget) {
+    // return new target(...args);
+
+    // if target is a proxy, invoke its "construct" trap
+    var handler = directProxies.get(target);
+    if (handler !== undefined) {
+      return handler.construct(handler.target, args, newTarget);
+    }
+    
+    if (typeof target !== "function") {
+      throw new TypeError("target is not a function: " + target);
+    }
+    if (newTarget === undefined || newTarget === target) {
+      // If newTarget is undefined, then newTarget is set to `target` and
+      // `Reflect.construct(target, ...args)` becomes equivalent to
+      // `new target(...args)`
+      // if `target` is an ES2015 Class constructor, it must be called using
+      // the `new` operator. Hence we use the new operator on a bound function
+      // to trigger the [[Construct]] internal method. This technique will work 
+      // for both plain constructor functions and ES2015 classes
+      return new (Function.prototype.bind.apply(target, [null].concat(args)));
+    } else {
+      if (typeof newTarget !== "function") {
+        throw new TypeError("newTarget is not a function: " + target);
+      }
+      // if newTarget is a *different* constructor function, we need to
+      // emulate [[Construct]] by falling back to [[Call]] with a hand-crafted
+      // new instance inheriting from newTarget.prototype
+      // Unfortunately this won't work if target is an ES2015 Constructor
+      // function, whose [[Call]] method throws an error (it must be invoked
+      // using the `new` operator)
+      var proto = newTarget.prototype;
+      var instance = (Object(proto) === proto) ? Object.create(proto) : {};
+      var result = Function.prototype.apply.call(target, instance, args);
+      return Object(result) === result ? result : instance;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+// feature-test whether the Reflect global exists
+if (global.Reflect !== undefined) {
+  // Reflect exists, add/override the shimmed methods
+  Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Reflect).forEach(function (key) {
+    global.Reflect[key] = Reflect[key];
+  });
+} else {
+  // Reflect doesn't exist, define it as the shimmed Reflect object
+  global.Reflect = Reflect;
+}
+
+// feature-test whether the Proxy global exists, with
+// the harmony-era Proxy.create API
+if (typeof Proxy !== "undefined" &&
+    typeof Proxy.create !== "undefined") {
+
+  var primCreate = Proxy.create,
+      primCreateFunction = Proxy.createFunction;
+
+  var revokedHandler = primCreate({
+    get: function() { throw new TypeError("proxy is revoked"); }
+  });
+
+  global.Proxy = function(target, handler) {
+    // check that target is an Object
+    if (Object(target) !== target) {
+      throw new TypeError("Proxy target must be an Object, given "+target);
+    }
+    // check that handler is an Object
+    if (Object(handler) !== handler) {
+      throw new TypeError("Proxy handler must be an Object, given "+handler);
+    }
+
+    var vHandler = new Validator(target, handler);
+    var proxy;
+    if (typeof target === "function") {
+      proxy = primCreateFunction(vHandler,
+        // call trap
+        function() {
+          var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
+          return vHandler.apply(target, this, args);
+        },
+        // construct trap
+        function() {
+          var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
+          return vHandler.construct(target, args);
+        });
+    } else {
+      proxy = primCreate(vHandler, Object.getPrototypeOf(target));
+    }
+    directProxies.set(proxy, vHandler);
+    return proxy;
+  };
+
+  global.Proxy.revocable = function(target, handler) {
+    var proxy = new Proxy(target, handler);
+    var revoke = function() {
+      var vHandler = directProxies.get(proxy);
+      if (vHandler !== null) {
+        vHandler.target  = null;
+        vHandler.handler = revokedHandler;
+      }
+      return undefined;
+    };
+    return {proxy: proxy, revoke: revoke};
+  }
+  
+  // add the old Proxy.create and Proxy.createFunction methods
+  // so old code that still depends on the harmony-era Proxy object
+  // is not broken. Also ensures that multiple versions of this
+  // library should load fine
+  global.Proxy.create = primCreate;
+  global.Proxy.createFunction = primCreateFunction;
+
+} else {
+  // Proxy global not defined, or old API not available
+  if (typeof Proxy === "undefined") {
+    // Proxy global not defined, add a Proxy function stub
+    global.Proxy = function(_target, _handler) {
+      throw new Error("proxies not supported on this platform. On v8/node/iojs, make sure to pass the --harmony_proxies flag");
+    };
+  }
+  // Proxy global defined but old API not available
+  // presumably Proxy global already supports new API, leave untouched
+}
+
+// for node.js modules, export every property in the Reflect object
+// as part of the module interface
+if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
+  Object.keys(Reflect).forEach(function (key) {
+    exports[key] = Reflect[key];
+  });
+}
+
+// function-as-module pattern
+}(typeof exports !== 'undefined' ? global : this));
