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1semver(1) -- The semantic versioner for npm
2===========================================
3
4## Install
5
6```bash
7npm install semver
8````
9
10## Usage
11
12As a node module:
13
14```js
15const semver = require('semver')
16
17semver.valid('1.2.3') // '1.2.3'
18semver.valid('a.b.c') // null
19semver.clean(' =v1.2.3 ') // '1.2.3'
20semver.satisfies('1.2.3', '1.x || >=2.5.0 || 5.0.0 - 7.2.3') // true
21semver.gt('1.2.3', '9.8.7') // false
22semver.lt('1.2.3', '9.8.7') // true
23semver.minVersion('>=1.0.0') // '1.0.0'
24semver.valid(semver.coerce('v2')) // '2.0.0'
25semver.valid(semver.coerce('42.6.7.9.3-alpha')) // '42.6.7'
26```
27
28You can also just load the module for the function that you care about, if
29you'd like to minimize your footprint.
30
31```js
32// load the whole API at once in a single object
33const semver = require('semver')
34
35// or just load the bits you need
36// all of them listed here, just pick and choose what you want
37
38// classes
39const SemVer = require('semver/classes/semver')
40const Comparator = require('semver/classes/comparator')
41const Range = require('semver/classes/range')
42
43// functions for working with versions
44const semverParse = require('semver/functions/parse')
45const semverValid = require('semver/functions/valid')
46const semverClean = require('semver/functions/clean')
47const semverInc = require('semver/functions/inc')
48const semverDiff = require('semver/functions/diff')
49const semverMajor = require('semver/functions/major')
50const semverMinor = require('semver/functions/minor')
51const semverPatch = require('semver/functions/patch')
52const semverPrerelease = require('semver/functions/prerelease')
53const semverCompare = require('semver/functions/compare')
54const semverRcompare = require('semver/functions/rcompare')
55const semverCompareLoose = require('semver/functions/compare-loose')
56const semverCompareBuild = require('semver/functions/compare-build')
57const semverSort = require('semver/functions/sort')
58const semverRsort = require('semver/functions/rsort')
59
60// low-level comparators between versions
61const semverGt = require('semver/functions/gt')
62const semverLt = require('semver/functions/lt')
63const semverEq = require('semver/functions/eq')
64const semverNeq = require('semver/functions/neq')
65const semverGte = require('semver/functions/gte')
66const semverLte = require('semver/functions/lte')
67const semverCmp = require('semver/functions/cmp')
68const semverCoerce = require('semver/functions/coerce')
69
70// working with ranges
71const semverSatisfies = require('semver/functions/satisfies')
72const semverMaxSatisfying = require('semver/ranges/max-satisfying')
73const semverMinSatisfying = require('semver/ranges/min-satisfying')
74const semverToComparators = require('semver/ranges/to-comparators')
75const semverMinVersion = require('semver/ranges/min-version')
76const semverValidRange = require('semver/ranges/valid')
77const semverOutside = require('semver/ranges/outside')
78const semverGtr = require('semver/ranges/gtr')
79const semverLtr = require('semver/ranges/ltr')
80const semverIntersects = require('semver/ranges/intersects')
81const simplifyRange = require('semver/ranges/simplify')
82const rangeSubset = require('semver/ranges/subset')
83```
84
85As a command-line utility:
86
87```
88$ semver -h
89
90A JavaScript implementation of the https://semver.org/ specification
91Copyright Isaac Z. Schlueter
92
93Usage: semver [options] <version> [<version> [...]]
94Prints valid versions sorted by SemVer precedence
95
96Options:
97-r --range <range>
98 Print versions that match the specified range.
99
100-i --increment [<level>]
101 Increment a version by the specified level. Level can
102 be one of: major, minor, patch, premajor, preminor,
103 prepatch, or prerelease. Default level is 'patch'.
104 Only one version may be specified.
105
106--preid <identifier>
107 Identifier to be used to prefix premajor, preminor,
108 prepatch or prerelease version increments.
109
110-l --loose
111 Interpret versions and ranges loosely
112
113-p --include-prerelease
114 Always include prerelease versions in range matching
115
116-c --coerce
117 Coerce a string into SemVer if possible
118 (does not imply --loose)
119
120--rtl
121 Coerce version strings right to left
122
123--ltr
124 Coerce version strings left to right (default)
125
126Program exits successfully if any valid version satisfies
127all supplied ranges, and prints all satisfying versions.
128
129If no satisfying versions are found, then exits failure.
130
131Versions are printed in ascending order, so supplying
132multiple versions to the utility will just sort them.
133```
134
135## Versions
136
137A "version" is described by the `v2.0.0` specification found at
138<https://semver.org/>.
139
140A leading `"="` or `"v"` character is stripped off and ignored.
141
142## Ranges
143
144A `version range` is a set of `comparators` which specify versions
145that satisfy the range.
146
147A `comparator` is composed of an `operator` and a `version`. The set
148of primitive `operators` is:
149
150* `<` Less than
151* `<=` Less than or equal to
152* `>` Greater than
153* `>=` Greater than or equal to
154* `=` Equal. If no operator is specified, then equality is assumed,
155 so this operator is optional, but MAY be included.
156
157For example, the comparator `>=1.2.7` would match the versions
158`1.2.7`, `1.2.8`, `2.5.3`, and `1.3.9`, but not the versions `1.2.6`
159or `1.1.0`.
160
161Comparators can be joined by whitespace to form a `comparator set`,
162which is satisfied by the **intersection** of all of the comparators
163it includes.
164
165A range is composed of one or more comparator sets, joined by `||`. A
166version matches a range if and only if every comparator in at least
167one of the `||`-separated comparator sets is satisfied by the version.
168
169For example, the range `>=1.2.7 <1.3.0` would match the versions
170`1.2.7`, `1.2.8`, and `1.2.99`, but not the versions `1.2.6`, `1.3.0`,
171or `1.1.0`.
172
173The range `1.2.7 || >=1.2.9 <2.0.0` would match the versions `1.2.7`,
174`1.2.9`, and `1.4.6`, but not the versions `1.2.8` or `2.0.0`.
175
176### Prerelease Tags
177
178If a version has a prerelease tag (for example, `1.2.3-alpha.3`) then
179it will only be allowed to satisfy comparator sets if at least one
180comparator with the same `[major, minor, patch]` tuple also has a
181prerelease tag.
182
183For example, the range `>1.2.3-alpha.3` would be allowed to match the
184version `1.2.3-alpha.7`, but it would *not* be satisfied by
185`3.4.5-alpha.9`, even though `3.4.5-alpha.9` is technically "greater
186than" `1.2.3-alpha.3` according to the SemVer sort rules. The version
187range only accepts prerelease tags on the `1.2.3` version. The
188version `3.4.5` *would* satisfy the range, because it does not have a
189prerelease flag, and `3.4.5` is greater than `1.2.3-alpha.7`.
190
191The purpose for this behavior is twofold. First, prerelease versions
192frequently are updated very quickly, and contain many breaking changes
193that are (by the author's design) not yet fit for public consumption.
194Therefore, by default, they are excluded from range matching
195semantics.
196
197Second, a user who has opted into using a prerelease version has
198clearly indicated the intent to use *that specific* set of
199alpha/beta/rc versions. By including a prerelease tag in the range,
200the user is indicating that they are aware of the risk. However, it
201is still not appropriate to assume that they have opted into taking a
202similar risk on the *next* set of prerelease versions.
203
204Note that this behavior can be suppressed (treating all prerelease
205versions as if they were normal versions, for the purpose of range
206matching) by setting the `includePrerelease` flag on the options
207object to any
208[functions](https://github.com/npm/node-semver#functions) that do
209range matching.
210
211#### Prerelease Identifiers
212
213The method `.inc` takes an additional `identifier` string argument that
214will append the value of the string as a prerelease identifier:
215
216```javascript
217semver.inc('1.2.3', 'prerelease', 'beta')
218// '1.2.4-beta.0'
219```
220
221command-line example:
222
223```bash
224$ semver 1.2.3 -i prerelease --preid beta
2251.2.4-beta.0
226```
227
228Which then can be used to increment further:
229
230```bash
231$ semver 1.2.4-beta.0 -i prerelease
2321.2.4-beta.1
233```
234
235### Advanced Range Syntax
236
237Advanced range syntax desugars to primitive comparators in
238deterministic ways.
239
240Advanced ranges may be combined in the same way as primitive
241comparators using white space or `||`.
242
243#### Hyphen Ranges `X.Y.Z - A.B.C`
244
245Specifies an inclusive set.
246
247* `1.2.3 - 2.3.4` := `>=1.2.3 <=2.3.4`
248
249If a partial version is provided as the first version in the inclusive
250range, then the missing pieces are replaced with zeroes.
251
252* `1.2 - 2.3.4` := `>=1.2.0 <=2.3.4`
253
254If a partial version is provided as the second version in the
255inclusive range, then all versions that start with the supplied parts
256of the tuple are accepted, but nothing that would be greater than the
257provided tuple parts.
258
259* `1.2.3 - 2.3` := `>=1.2.3 <2.4.0-0`
260* `1.2.3 - 2` := `>=1.2.3 <3.0.0-0`
261
262#### X-Ranges `1.2.x` `1.X` `1.2.*` `*`
263
264Any of `X`, `x`, or `*` may be used to "stand in" for one of the
265numeric values in the `[major, minor, patch]` tuple.
266
267* `*` := `>=0.0.0` (Any version satisfies)
268* `1.x` := `>=1.0.0 <2.0.0-0` (Matching major version)
269* `1.2.x` := `>=1.2.0 <1.3.0-0` (Matching major and minor versions)
270
271A partial version range is treated as an X-Range, so the special
272character is in fact optional.
273
274* `""` (empty string) := `*` := `>=0.0.0`
275* `1` := `1.x.x` := `>=1.0.0 <2.0.0-0`
276* `1.2` := `1.2.x` := `>=1.2.0 <1.3.0-0`
277
278#### Tilde Ranges `~1.2.3` `~1.2` `~1`
279
280Allows patch-level changes if a minor version is specified on the
281comparator. Allows minor-level changes if not.
282
283* `~1.2.3` := `>=1.2.3 <1.(2+1).0` := `>=1.2.3 <1.3.0-0`
284* `~1.2` := `>=1.2.0 <1.(2+1).0` := `>=1.2.0 <1.3.0-0` (Same as `1.2.x`)
285* `~1` := `>=1.0.0 <(1+1).0.0` := `>=1.0.0 <2.0.0-0` (Same as `1.x`)
286* `~0.2.3` := `>=0.2.3 <0.(2+1).0` := `>=0.2.3 <0.3.0-0`
287* `~0.2` := `>=0.2.0 <0.(2+1).0` := `>=0.2.0 <0.3.0-0` (Same as `0.2.x`)
288* `~0` := `>=0.0.0 <(0+1).0.0` := `>=0.0.0 <1.0.0-0` (Same as `0.x`)
289* `~1.2.3-beta.2` := `>=1.2.3-beta.2 <1.3.0-0` Note that prereleases in
290 the `1.2.3` version will be allowed, if they are greater than or
291 equal to `beta.2`. So, `1.2.3-beta.4` would be allowed, but
292 `1.2.4-beta.2` would not, because it is a prerelease of a
293 different `[major, minor, patch]` tuple.
294
295#### Caret Ranges `^1.2.3` `^0.2.5` `^0.0.4`
296
297Allows changes that do not modify the left-most non-zero element in the
298`[major, minor, patch]` tuple. In other words, this allows patch and
299minor updates for versions `1.0.0` and above, patch updates for
300versions `0.X >=0.1.0`, and *no* updates for versions `0.0.X`.
301
302Many authors treat a `0.x` version as if the `x` were the major
303"breaking-change" indicator.
304
305Caret ranges are ideal when an author may make breaking changes
306between `0.2.4` and `0.3.0` releases, which is a common practice.
307However, it presumes that there will *not* be breaking changes between
308`0.2.4` and `0.2.5`. It allows for changes that are presumed to be
309additive (but non-breaking), according to commonly observed practices.
310
311* `^1.2.3` := `>=1.2.3 <2.0.0-0`
312* `^0.2.3` := `>=0.2.3 <0.3.0-0`
313* `^0.0.3` := `>=0.0.3 <0.0.4-0`
314* `^1.2.3-beta.2` := `>=1.2.3-beta.2 <2.0.0-0` Note that prereleases in
315 the `1.2.3` version will be allowed, if they are greater than or
316 equal to `beta.2`. So, `1.2.3-beta.4` would be allowed, but
317 `1.2.4-beta.2` would not, because it is a prerelease of a
318 different `[major, minor, patch]` tuple.
319* `^0.0.3-beta` := `>=0.0.3-beta <0.0.4-0` Note that prereleases in the
320 `0.0.3` version *only* will be allowed, if they are greater than or
321 equal to `beta`. So, `0.0.3-pr.2` would be allowed.
322
323When parsing caret ranges, a missing `patch` value desugars to the
324number `0`, but will allow flexibility within that value, even if the
325major and minor versions are both `0`.
326
327* `^1.2.x` := `>=1.2.0 <2.0.0-0`
328* `^0.0.x` := `>=0.0.0 <0.1.0-0`
329* `^0.0` := `>=0.0.0 <0.1.0-0`
330
331A missing `minor` and `patch` values will desugar to zero, but also
332allow flexibility within those values, even if the major version is
333zero.
334
335* `^1.x` := `>=1.0.0 <2.0.0-0`
336* `^0.x` := `>=0.0.0 <1.0.0-0`
337
338### Range Grammar
339
340Putting all this together, here is a Backus-Naur grammar for ranges,
341for the benefit of parser authors:
342
343```bnf
344range-set ::= range ( logical-or range ) *
345logical-or ::= ( ' ' ) * '||' ( ' ' ) *
346range ::= hyphen | simple ( ' ' simple ) * | ''
347hyphen ::= partial ' - ' partial
348simple ::= primitive | partial | tilde | caret
349primitive ::= ( '<' | '>' | '>=' | '<=' | '=' ) partial
350partial ::= xr ( '.' xr ( '.' xr qualifier ? )? )?
351xr ::= 'x' | 'X' | '*' | nr
352nr ::= '0' | ['1'-'9'] ( ['0'-'9'] ) *
353tilde ::= '~' partial
354caret ::= '^' partial
355qualifier ::= ( '-' pre )? ( '+' build )?
356pre ::= parts
357build ::= parts
358parts ::= part ( '.' part ) *
359part ::= nr | [-0-9A-Za-z]+
360```
361
362## Functions
363
364All methods and classes take a final `options` object argument. All
365options in this object are `false` by default. The options supported
366are:
367
368- `loose` Be more forgiving about not-quite-valid semver strings.
369 (Any resulting output will always be 100% strict compliant, of
370 course.) For backwards compatibility reasons, if the `options`
371 argument is a boolean value instead of an object, it is interpreted
372 to be the `loose` param.
373- `includePrerelease` Set to suppress the [default
374 behavior](https://github.com/npm/node-semver#prerelease-tags) of
375 excluding prerelease tagged versions from ranges unless they are
376 explicitly opted into.
377
378Strict-mode Comparators and Ranges will be strict about the SemVer
379strings that they parse.
380
381* `valid(v)`: Return the parsed version, or null if it's not valid.
382* `inc(v, release)`: Return the version incremented by the release
383 type (`major`, `premajor`, `minor`, `preminor`, `patch`,
384 `prepatch`, or `prerelease`), or null if it's not valid
385 * `premajor` in one call will bump the version up to the next major
386 version and down to a prerelease of that major version.
387 `preminor`, and `prepatch` work the same way.
388 * If called from a non-prerelease version, the `prerelease` will work the
389 same as `prepatch`. It increments the patch version, then makes a
390 prerelease. If the input version is already a prerelease it simply
391 increments it.
392* `prerelease(v)`: Returns an array of prerelease components, or null
393 if none exist. Example: `prerelease('1.2.3-alpha.1') -> ['alpha', 1]`
394* `major(v)`: Return the major version number.
395* `minor(v)`: Return the minor version number.
396* `patch(v)`: Return the patch version number.
397* `intersects(r1, r2, loose)`: Return true if the two supplied ranges
398 or comparators intersect.
399* `parse(v)`: Attempt to parse a string as a semantic version, returning either
400 a `SemVer` object or `null`.
401
402### Comparison
403
404* `gt(v1, v2)`: `v1 > v2`
405* `gte(v1, v2)`: `v1 >= v2`
406* `lt(v1, v2)`: `v1 < v2`
407* `lte(v1, v2)`: `v1 <= v2`
408* `eq(v1, v2)`: `v1 == v2` This is true if they're logically equivalent,
409 even if they're not the exact same string. You already know how to
410 compare strings.
411* `neq(v1, v2)`: `v1 != v2` The opposite of `eq`.
412* `cmp(v1, comparator, v2)`: Pass in a comparison string, and it'll call
413 the corresponding function above. `"==="` and `"!=="` do simple
414 string comparison, but are included for completeness. Throws if an
415 invalid comparison string is provided.
416* `compare(v1, v2)`: Return `0` if `v1 == v2`, or `1` if `v1` is greater, or `-1` if
417 `v2` is greater. Sorts in ascending order if passed to `Array.sort()`.
418* `rcompare(v1, v2)`: The reverse of compare. Sorts an array of versions
419 in descending order when passed to `Array.sort()`.
420* `compareBuild(v1, v2)`: The same as `compare` but considers `build` when two versions
421 are equal. Sorts in ascending order if passed to `Array.sort()`.
422 `v2` is greater. Sorts in ascending order if passed to `Array.sort()`.
423* `diff(v1, v2)`: Returns difference between two versions by the release type
424 (`major`, `premajor`, `minor`, `preminor`, `patch`, `prepatch`, or `prerelease`),
425 or null if the versions are the same.
426
427### Comparators
428
429* `intersects(comparator)`: Return true if the comparators intersect
430
431### Ranges
432
433* `validRange(range)`: Return the valid range or null if it's not valid
434* `satisfies(version, range)`: Return true if the version satisfies the
435 range.
436* `maxSatisfying(versions, range)`: Return the highest version in the list
437 that satisfies the range, or `null` if none of them do.
438* `minSatisfying(versions, range)`: Return the lowest version in the list
439 that satisfies the range, or `null` if none of them do.
440* `minVersion(range)`: Return the lowest version that can possibly match
441 the given range.
442* `gtr(version, range)`: Return `true` if version is greater than all the
443 versions possible in the range.
444* `ltr(version, range)`: Return `true` if version is less than all the
445 versions possible in the range.
446* `outside(version, range, hilo)`: Return true if the version is outside
447 the bounds of the range in either the high or low direction. The
448 `hilo` argument must be either the string `'>'` or `'<'`. (This is
449 the function called by `gtr` and `ltr`.)
450* `intersects(range)`: Return true if any of the ranges comparators intersect
451* `simplifyRange(versions, range)`: Return a "simplified" range that
452 matches the same items in `versions` list as the range specified. Note
453 that it does *not* guarantee that it would match the same versions in all
454 cases, only for the set of versions provided. This is useful when
455 generating ranges by joining together multiple versions with `||`
456 programmatically, to provide the user with something a bit more
457 ergonomic. If the provided range is shorter in string-length than the
458 generated range, then that is returned.
459* `subset(subRange, superRange)`: Return `true` if the `subRange` range is
460 entirely contained by the `superRange` range.
461
462Note that, since ranges may be non-contiguous, a version might not be
463greater than a range, less than a range, *or* satisfy a range! For
464example, the range `1.2 <1.2.9 || >2.0.0` would have a hole from `1.2.9`
465until `2.0.0`, so the version `1.2.10` would not be greater than the
466range (because `2.0.1` satisfies, which is higher), nor less than the
467range (since `1.2.8` satisfies, which is lower), and it also does not
468satisfy the range.
469
470If you want to know if a version satisfies or does not satisfy a
471range, use the `satisfies(version, range)` function.
472
473### Coercion
474
475* `coerce(version, options)`: Coerces a string to semver if possible
476
477This aims to provide a very forgiving translation of a non-semver string to
478semver. It looks for the first digit in a string, and consumes all
479remaining characters which satisfy at least a partial semver (e.g., `1`,
480`1.2`, `1.2.3`) up to the max permitted length (256 characters). Longer
481versions are simply truncated (`4.6.3.9.2-alpha2` becomes `4.6.3`). All
482surrounding text is simply ignored (`v3.4 replaces v3.3.1` becomes
483`3.4.0`). Only text which lacks digits will fail coercion (`version one`
484is not valid). The maximum length for any semver component considered for
485coercion is 16 characters; longer components will be ignored
486(`10000000000000000.4.7.4` becomes `4.7.4`). The maximum value for any
487semver component is `Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER || (2**53 - 1)`; higher value
488components are invalid (`9999999999999999.4.7.4` is likely invalid).
489
490If the `options.rtl` flag is set, then `coerce` will return the right-most
491coercible tuple that does not share an ending index with a longer coercible
492tuple. For example, `1.2.3.4` will return `2.3.4` in rtl mode, not
493`4.0.0`. `1.2.3/4` will return `4.0.0`, because the `4` is not a part of
494any other overlapping SemVer tuple.
495
496### Clean
497
498* `clean(version)`: Clean a string to be a valid semver if possible
499
500This will return a cleaned and trimmed semver version. If the provided
501version is not valid a null will be returned. This does not work for
502ranges.
503
504ex.
505* `s.clean(' = v 2.1.5foo')`: `null`
506* `s.clean(' = v 2.1.5foo', { loose: true })`: `'2.1.5-foo'`
507* `s.clean(' = v 2.1.5-foo')`: `null`
508* `s.clean(' = v 2.1.5-foo', { loose: true })`: `'2.1.5-foo'`
509* `s.clean('=v2.1.5')`: `'2.1.5'`
510* `s.clean(' =v2.1.5')`: `2.1.5`
511* `s.clean(' 2.1.5 ')`: `'2.1.5'`
512* `s.clean('~1.0.0')`: `null`
513
514## Exported Modules
515
516<!--
517TODO: Make sure that all of these items are documented (classes aren't,
518eg), and then pull the module name into the documentation for that specific
519thing.
520-->
521
522You may pull in just the part of this semver utility that you need, if you
523are sensitive to packing and tree-shaking concerns. The main
524`require('semver')` export uses getter functions to lazily load the parts
525of the API that are used.
526
527The following modules are available:
528
529* `require('semver')`
530* `require('semver/classes')`
531* `require('semver/classes/comparator')`
532* `require('semver/classes/range')`
533* `require('semver/classes/semver')`
534* `require('semver/functions/clean')`
535* `require('semver/functions/cmp')`
536* `require('semver/functions/coerce')`
537* `require('semver/functions/compare')`
538* `require('semver/functions/compare-build')`
539* `require('semver/functions/compare-loose')`
540* `require('semver/functions/diff')`
541* `require('semver/functions/eq')`
542* `require('semver/functions/gt')`
543* `require('semver/functions/gte')`
544* `require('semver/functions/inc')`
545* `require('semver/functions/lt')`
546* `require('semver/functions/lte')`
547* `require('semver/functions/major')`
548* `require('semver/functions/minor')`
549* `require('semver/functions/neq')`
550* `require('semver/functions/parse')`
551* `require('semver/functions/patch')`
552* `require('semver/functions/prerelease')`
553* `require('semver/functions/rcompare')`
554* `require('semver/functions/rsort')`
555* `require('semver/functions/satisfies')`
556* `require('semver/functions/sort')`
557* `require('semver/functions/valid')`
558* `require('semver/ranges/gtr')`
559* `require('semver/ranges/intersects')`
560* `require('semver/ranges/ltr')`
561* `require('semver/ranges/max-satisfying')`
562* `require('semver/ranges/min-satisfying')`
563* `require('semver/ranges/min-version')`
564* `require('semver/ranges/outside')`
565* `require('semver/ranges/to-comparators')`
566* `require('semver/ranges/valid')`
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