| 1 | # debug
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| 2 | [](https://travis-ci.org/visionmedia/debug) [](https://coveralls.io/github/visionmedia/debug?branch=master) [](https://visionmedia-community-slackin.now.sh/) [](#backers)
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| 3 | [](#sponsors)
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| 4 |
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| 5 |
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| 6 |
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| 7 | A tiny node.js debugging utility modelled after node core's debugging technique.
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| 8 |
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| 9 | **Discussion around the V3 API is under way [here](https://github.com/visionmedia/debug/issues/370)**
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| 10 |
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| 11 | ## Installation
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| 12 |
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| 13 | ```bash
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| 14 | $ npm install debug
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| 15 | ```
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| 16 |
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| 17 | ## Usage
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| 18 |
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| 19 | `debug` exposes a function; simply pass this function the name of your module, and it will return a decorated version of `console.error` for you to pass debug statements to. This will allow you to toggle the debug output for different parts of your module as well as the module as a whole.
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| 20 |
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| 21 | Example _app.js_:
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| 22 |
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| 23 | ```js
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| 24 | var debug = require('debug')('http')
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| 25 | , http = require('http')
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| 26 | , name = 'My App';
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| 27 |
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| 28 | // fake app
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| 29 |
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| 30 | debug('booting %s', name);
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| 31 |
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| 32 | http.createServer(function(req, res){
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| 33 | debug(req.method + ' ' + req.url);
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| 34 | res.end('hello\n');
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| 35 | }).listen(3000, function(){
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| 36 | debug('listening');
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| 37 | });
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| 38 |
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| 39 | // fake worker of some kind
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| 40 |
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| 41 | require('./worker');
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| 42 | ```
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| 43 |
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| 44 | Example _worker.js_:
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| 45 |
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| 46 | ```js
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| 47 | var debug = require('debug')('worker');
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| 48 |
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| 49 | setInterval(function(){
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| 50 | debug('doing some work');
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| 51 | }, 1000);
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| 52 | ```
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| 53 |
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| 54 | The __DEBUG__ environment variable is then used to enable these based on space or comma-delimited names. Here are some examples:
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| 55 |
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| 56 | 
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| 57 |
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| 58 | 
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| 59 |
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| 60 | #### Windows note
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| 61 |
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| 62 | On Windows the environment variable is set using the `set` command.
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| 63 |
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| 64 | ```cmd
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| 65 | set DEBUG=*,-not_this
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| 66 | ```
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| 67 |
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| 68 | Note that PowerShell uses different syntax to set environment variables.
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| 69 |
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| 70 | ```cmd
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| 71 | $env:DEBUG = "*,-not_this"
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| 72 | ```
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| 73 |
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| 74 | Then, run the program to be debugged as usual.
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| 75 |
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| 76 | ## Millisecond diff
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| 77 |
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| 78 | When actively developing an application it can be useful to see when the time spent between one `debug()` call and the next. Suppose for example you invoke `debug()` before requesting a resource, and after as well, the "+NNNms" will show you how much time was spent between calls.
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| 79 |
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| 80 | 
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| 81 |
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| 82 | When stdout is not a TTY, `Date#toUTCString()` is used, making it more useful for logging the debug information as shown below:
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| 83 |
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| 84 | 
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| 85 |
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| 86 | ## Conventions
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| 87 |
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| 88 | If you're using this in one or more of your libraries, you _should_ use the name of your library so that developers may toggle debugging as desired without guessing names. If you have more than one debuggers you _should_ prefix them with your library name and use ":" to separate features. For example "bodyParser" from Connect would then be "connect:bodyParser".
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| 89 |
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| 90 | ## Wildcards
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| 91 |
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| 92 | The `*` character may be used as a wildcard. Suppose for example your library has debuggers named "connect:bodyParser", "connect:compress", "connect:session", instead of listing all three with `DEBUG=connect:bodyParser,connect:compress,connect:session`, you may simply do `DEBUG=connect:*`, or to run everything using this module simply use `DEBUG=*`.
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| 93 |
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| 94 | You can also exclude specific debuggers by prefixing them with a "-" character. For example, `DEBUG=*,-connect:*` would include all debuggers except those starting with "connect:".
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| 95 |
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| 96 | ## Environment Variables
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| 97 |
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| 98 | When running through Node.js, you can set a few environment variables that will
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| 99 | change the behavior of the debug logging:
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| 100 |
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| 101 | | Name | Purpose |
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| 102 | |-----------|-------------------------------------------------|
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| 103 | | `DEBUG` | Enables/disables specific debugging namespaces. |
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| 104 | | `DEBUG_COLORS`| Whether or not to use colors in the debug output. |
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| 105 | | `DEBUG_DEPTH` | Object inspection depth. |
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| 106 | | `DEBUG_SHOW_HIDDEN` | Shows hidden properties on inspected objects. |
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| 107 |
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| 108 |
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| 109 | __Note:__ The environment variables beginning with `DEBUG_` end up being
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| 110 | converted into an Options object that gets used with `%o`/`%O` formatters.
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| 111 | See the Node.js documentation for
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| 112 | [`util.inspect()`](https://nodejs.org/api/util.html#util_util_inspect_object_options)
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| 113 | for the complete list.
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| 114 |
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| 115 | ## Formatters
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| 116 |
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| 117 |
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| 118 | Debug uses [printf-style](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Printf_format_string) formatting. Below are the officially supported formatters:
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| 119 |
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| 120 | | Formatter | Representation |
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| 121 | |-----------|----------------|
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| 122 | | `%O` | Pretty-print an Object on multiple lines. |
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| 123 | | `%o` | Pretty-print an Object all on a single line. |
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| 124 | | `%s` | String. |
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| 125 | | `%d` | Number (both integer and float). |
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| 126 | | `%j` | JSON. Replaced with the string '[Circular]' if the argument contains circular references. |
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| 127 | | `%%` | Single percent sign ('%'). This does not consume an argument. |
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| 128 |
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| 129 | ### Custom formatters
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| 130 |
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| 131 | You can add custom formatters by extending the `debug.formatters` object. For example, if you wanted to add support for rendering a Buffer as hex with `%h`, you could do something like:
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| 132 |
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| 133 | ```js
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| 134 | const createDebug = require('debug')
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| 135 | createDebug.formatters.h = (v) => {
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| 136 | return v.toString('hex')
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| 137 | }
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| 138 |
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| 139 | // …elsewhere
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| 140 | const debug = createDebug('foo')
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| 141 | debug('this is hex: %h', new Buffer('hello world'))
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| 142 | // foo this is hex: 68656c6c6f20776f726c6421 +0ms
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| 143 | ```
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| 144 |
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| 145 | ## Browser support
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| 146 | You can build a browser-ready script using [browserify](https://github.com/substack/node-browserify),
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| 147 | or just use the [browserify-as-a-service](https://wzrd.in/) [build](https://wzrd.in/standalone/debug@latest),
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| 148 | if you don't want to build it yourself.
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| 149 |
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| 150 | Debug's enable state is currently persisted by `localStorage`.
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| 151 | Consider the situation shown below where you have `worker:a` and `worker:b`,
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| 152 | and wish to debug both. You can enable this using `localStorage.debug`:
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| 153 |
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| 154 | ```js
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| 155 | localStorage.debug = 'worker:*'
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| 156 | ```
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| 157 |
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| 158 | And then refresh the page.
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| 159 |
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| 160 | ```js
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| 161 | a = debug('worker:a');
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| 162 | b = debug('worker:b');
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| 163 |
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| 164 | setInterval(function(){
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| 165 | a('doing some work');
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| 166 | }, 1000);
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| 167 |
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| 168 | setInterval(function(){
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| 169 | b('doing some work');
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| 170 | }, 1200);
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| 171 | ```
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| 172 |
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| 173 | #### Web Inspector Colors
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| 174 |
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| 175 | Colors are also enabled on "Web Inspectors" that understand the `%c` formatting
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| 176 | option. These are WebKit web inspectors, Firefox ([since version
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| 177 | 31](https://hacks.mozilla.org/2014/05/editable-box-model-multiple-selection-sublime-text-keys-much-more-firefox-developer-tools-episode-31/))
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| 178 | and the Firebug plugin for Firefox (any version).
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| 179 |
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| 180 | Colored output looks something like:
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| 181 |
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| 182 | 
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| 183 |
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| 184 |
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| 185 | ## Output streams
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| 186 |
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| 187 | By default `debug` will log to stderr, however this can be configured per-namespace by overriding the `log` method:
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| 188 |
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| 189 | Example _stdout.js_:
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| 190 |
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| 191 | ```js
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| 192 | var debug = require('debug');
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| 193 | var error = debug('app:error');
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| 194 |
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| 195 | // by default stderr is used
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| 196 | error('goes to stderr!');
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| 197 |
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| 198 | var log = debug('app:log');
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| 199 | // set this namespace to log via console.log
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| 200 | log.log = console.log.bind(console); // don't forget to bind to console!
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| 201 | log('goes to stdout');
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| 202 | error('still goes to stderr!');
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| 203 |
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| 204 | // set all output to go via console.info
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| 205 | // overrides all per-namespace log settings
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| 206 | debug.log = console.info.bind(console);
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| 207 | error('now goes to stdout via console.info');
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| 208 | log('still goes to stdout, but via console.info now');
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| 209 | ```
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| 210 |
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| 211 |
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| 212 | ## Authors
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| 213 |
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| 214 | - TJ Holowaychuk
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| 215 | - Nathan Rajlich
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| 216 | - Andrew Rhyne
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| 217 |
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| 218 | ## Backers
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| 219 |
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| 220 | Support us with a monthly donation and help us continue our activities. [[Become a backer](https://opencollective.com/debug#backer)]
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| 221 |
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| 222 | <a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/0/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/0/avatar.svg"></a>
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| 223 | <a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/1/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/1/avatar.svg"></a>
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| 252 |
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| 253 |
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| 254 | ## Sponsors
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| 255 |
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| 256 | Become a sponsor and get your logo on our README on Github with a link to your site. [[Become a sponsor](https://opencollective.com/debug#sponsor)]
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| 257 |
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| 287 | <a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/29/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/29/avatar.svg"></a>
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| 288 |
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| 289 | ## License
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| 290 |
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| 291 | (The MIT License)
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| 292 |
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| 293 | Copyright (c) 2014-2016 TJ Holowaychuk <tj@vision-media.ca>
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| 294 |
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| 295 | Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
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| 296 | a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
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| 297 | 'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
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| 298 | without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
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| 299 | distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
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| 300 | permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
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| 301 | the following conditions:
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| 302 |
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| 303 | The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
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| 304 | included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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| 305 |
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| 306 | THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
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| 307 | EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
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| 308 | MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
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| 309 | IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
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| 310 | CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
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| 311 | TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
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| 312 | SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
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