Changes between Initial Version and Version 1 of TracStandalone


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Timestamp:
10/21/13 10:09:42 (11 years ago)
Author:
trac
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  • TracStandalone

    v1 v1  
     1= Tracd =
     2
     3Tracd is a lightweight standalone Trac web server.
     4It can be used in a variety of situations, from a test or development server to a multiprocess setup behind another web server used as a load balancer.
     5
     6== Pros ==
     7
     8 * Fewer dependencies: You don't need to install apache or any other web-server.
     9 * Fast: Should be almost as fast as the [wiki:TracModPython mod_python] version (and much faster than the [wiki:TracCgi CGI]), even more so since version 0.12 where the HTTP/1.1 version of the protocol is enabled by default
     10 * Automatic reloading: For development, Tracd can be used in ''auto_reload'' mode, which will automatically restart the server whenever you make a change to the code (in Trac itself or in a plugin).
     11
     12== Cons ==
     13
     14 * Fewer features: Tracd implements a very simple web-server and is not as configurable or as scalable as Apache httpd.
     15 * No native HTTPS support: [http://www.rickk.com/sslwrap/ sslwrap] can be used instead,
     16   or [http://trac.edgewall.org/wiki/STunnelTracd stunnel -- a tutorial on how to use stunnel with tracd] or Apache with mod_proxy.
     17
     18== Usage examples ==
     19
     20A single project on port 8080. (http://localhost:8080/)
     21{{{
     22 $ tracd -p 8080 /path/to/project
     23}}}
     24Stricly speaking this will make your Trac accessible to everybody from your network rather than ''localhost only''. To truly limit it use ''--hostname'' option.
     25{{{
     26 $ tracd --hostname=localhost -p 8080 /path/to/project
     27}}}
     28With more than one project. (http://localhost:8080/project1/ and http://localhost:8080/project2/)
     29{{{
     30 $ tracd -p 8080 /path/to/project1 /path/to/project2
     31}}}
     32
     33You can't have the last portion of the path identical between the projects since Trac uses that name to keep the URLs of the
     34different projects unique. So if you use `/project1/path/to` and `/project2/path/to`, you will only see the second project.
     35
     36An alternative way to serve multiple projects is to specify a parent directory in which each subdirectory is a Trac project, using the `-e` option. The example above could be rewritten:
     37{{{
     38 $ tracd -p 8080 -e /path/to
     39}}}
     40
     41To exit the server on Windows, be sure to use {{{CTRL-BREAK}}} -- using {{{CTRL-C}}} will leave a Python process running in the background.
     42
     43== Installing as a Windows Service ==
     44
     45=== Option 1 ===
     46To install as a Windows service, get the [http://www.google.com/search?q=srvany.exe SRVANY] utility and run:
     47{{{
     48 C:\path\to\instsrv.exe tracd C:\path\to\srvany.exe
     49 reg add HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\tracd\Parameters /v Application /d "\"C:\path\to\python.exe\" \"C:\path\to\python\scripts\tracd-script.py\" <your tracd parameters>"
     50 net start tracd
     51}}}
     52
     53'''DO NOT''' use {{{tracd.exe}}}.  Instead register {{{python.exe}}} directly with {{{tracd-script.py}}} as a parameter.  If you use {{{tracd.exe}}}, it will spawn the python process without SRVANY's knowledge.  This python process will survive a {{{net stop tracd}}}.
     54
     55If you want tracd to start automatically when you boot Windows, do:
     56{{{
     57 sc config tracd start= auto
     58}}}
     59
     60The spacing here is important.
     61
     62{{{#!div
     63Once the service is installed, it might be simpler to run the Registry Editor rather than use the `reg add` command documented above.  Navigate to:[[BR]]
     64`HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\tracd\Parameters`
     65
     66Three (string) parameters are provided:
     67||!AppDirectory ||C:\Python26\ ||
     68||Application ||python.exe ||
     69||!AppParameters ||scripts\tracd-script.py -p 8080 ... ||
     70
     71Note that, if the !AppDirectory is set as above, the paths of the executable ''and'' of the script name and parameter values are relative to the directory.  This makes updating Python a little simpler because the change can be limited, here, to a single point.
     72(This is true for the path to the .htpasswd file, as well, despite the documentation calling out the /full/path/to/htpasswd; however, you may not wish to store that file under the Python directory.)
     73}}}
     74
     75For Windows 7 User, srvany.exe may not be an option, so you can use [http://www.google.com/search?q=winserv.exe WINSERV] utility and run:
     76{{{
     77"C:\path\to\winserv.exe" install tracd -displayname "tracd" -start auto "C:\path\to\python.exe" c:\path\to\python\scripts\tracd-script.py <your tracd parameters>"
     78
     79net start tracd
     80}}}
     81
     82=== Option 2 ===
     83
     84Use [http://trac-hacks.org/wiki/WindowsServiceScript WindowsServiceScript], available at [http://trac-hacks.org/ Trac Hacks]. Installs, removes, starts, stops, etc. your Trac service.
     85
     86== Using Authentication ==
     87
     88Tracd provides support for both Basic and Digest authentication. Digest is considered more secure. The examples below use Digest; to use Basic authentication, replace `--auth` with `--basic-auth` in the command line.
     89
     90The general format for using authentication is:
     91{{{
     92 $ tracd -p port --auth="base_project_dir,password_file_path,realm" project_path
     93}}}
     94where:
     95 * '''base_project_dir''': the base directory of the project specified as follows:
     96   * when serving multiple projects: ''relative'' to the `project_path`
     97   * when serving only a single project (`-s`): the name of the project directory
     98 Don't use an absolute path here as this won't work. ''Note:'' This parameter is case-sensitive even for environments on Windows.
     99 * '''password_file_path''': path to the password file
     100 * '''realm''': the realm name (can be anything)
     101 * '''project_path''': path of the project
     102
     103 * **`--auth`** in the above means use Digest authentication, replace `--auth` with `--basic-auth` if you want to use Basic auth.  Although Basic authentication does not require a "realm", the command parser does, so the second comma is required, followed directly by the closing quote for an empty realm name.
     104
     105Examples:
     106
     107{{{
     108 $ tracd -p 8080 \
     109   --auth="project1,/path/to/passwordfile,mycompany.com" /path/to/project1
     110}}}
     111
     112Of course, the password file can be be shared so that it is used for more than one project:
     113{{{
     114 $ tracd -p 8080 \
     115   --auth="project1,/path/to/passwordfile,mycompany.com" \
     116   --auth="project2,/path/to/passwordfile,mycompany.com" \
     117   /path/to/project1 /path/to/project2
     118}}}
     119
     120Another way to share the password file is to specify "*" for the project name:
     121{{{
     122 $ tracd -p 8080 \
     123   --auth="*,/path/to/users.htdigest,mycompany.com" \
     124   /path/to/project1 /path/to/project2
     125}}}
     126
     127=== Basic Authorization: Using a htpasswd password file ===
     128This section describes how to use `tracd` with Apache .htpasswd files.
     129
     130To create a .htpasswd file use Apache's `htpasswd` command (see [#GeneratingPasswordsWithoutApache below] for a method to create these files without using Apache):
     131{{{
     132 $ sudo htpasswd -c /path/to/env/.htpasswd username
     133}}}
     134then for additional users:
     135{{{
     136 $ sudo htpasswd /path/to/env/.htpasswd username2
     137}}}
     138
     139Then to start `tracd` run something like this:
     140{{{
     141 $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="projectdirname,/fullpath/environmentname/.htpasswd,realmname" /fullpath/environmentname
     142}}}
     143
     144For example:
     145{{{
     146 $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="testenv,/srv/tracenv/testenv/.htpasswd,My Test Env" /srv/tracenv/testenv
     147}}}
     148''Note:'' You might need to pass "-m" as a parameter to htpasswd on some platforms (OpenBSD).
     149
     150=== Digest authentication: Using a htdigest password file ===
     151
     152If you have Apache available, you can use the htdigest command to generate the password file. Type 'htdigest' to get some usage instructions, or read [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/programs/htdigest.html this page] from the Apache manual to get precise instructions.  You'll be prompted for a password to enter for each user that you create.  For the name of the password file, you can use whatever you like, but if you use something like `users.htdigest` it will remind you what the file contains. As a suggestion, put it in your <projectname>/conf folder along with the [TracIni trac.ini] file.
     153
     154Note that you can start tracd without the --auth argument, but if you click on the ''Login'' link you will get an error.
     155
     156=== Generating Passwords Without Apache ===
     157
     158Basic Authorization can be accomplished via this [http://www.4webhelp.net/us/password.php online HTTP Password generator].  Copy the generated password-hash line to the .htpasswd file on your system.
     159
     160You can use this simple Python script to generate a '''digest''' password file:
     161
     162{{{
     163#!python
     164from optparse import OptionParser
     165# The md5 module is deprecated in Python 2.5
     166try:
     167    from hashlib import md5
     168except ImportError:
     169    from md5 import md5
     170realm = 'trac'
     171
     172# build the options
     173usage = "usage: %prog [options]"
     174parser = OptionParser(usage=usage)
     175parser.add_option("-u", "--username",action="store", dest="username", type = "string",
     176                  help="the username for whom to generate a password")
     177parser.add_option("-p", "--password",action="store", dest="password", type = "string",
     178                  help="the password to use")
     179parser.add_option("-r", "--realm",action="store", dest="realm", type = "string",
     180                  help="the realm in which to create the digest")
     181(options, args) = parser.parse_args()
     182
     183# check options
     184if (options.username is None) or (options.password is None):
     185   parser.error("You must supply both the username and password")
     186if (options.realm is not None):
     187   realm = options.realm
     188   
     189# Generate the string to enter into the htdigest file
     190kd = lambda x: md5(':'.join(x)).hexdigest()
     191print ':'.join((options.username, realm, kd([options.username, realm, options.password])))
     192}}}
     193
     194Note: If you use the above script you must set the realm in the `--auth` argument to '''`trac`'''. Example usage (assuming you saved the script as trac-digest.py):
     195
     196{{{
     197 $ python trac-digest.py -u username -p password >> c:\digest.txt
     198 $ tracd --port 8000 --auth=proj_name,c:\digest.txt,trac c:\path\to\proj_name
     199}}}
     200
     201==== Using `md5sum`
     202It is possible to use `md5sum` utility to generate digest-password file:
     203{{{
     204 $ printf "${user}:trac:${password}" | md5sum - >>user.htdigest
     205}}}
     206and manually delete " -" from the end and add "${user}:trac:" to the start of line from 'to-file'.
     207
     208== Reference ==
     209
     210Here's the online help, as a reminder (`tracd --help`):
     211{{{
     212Usage: tracd [options] [projenv] ...
     213
     214Options:
     215  --version             show program's version number and exit
     216  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
     217  -a DIGESTAUTH, --auth=DIGESTAUTH
     218                        [projectdir],[htdigest_file],[realm]
     219  --basic-auth=BASICAUTH
     220                        [projectdir],[htpasswd_file],[realm]
     221  -p PORT, --port=PORT  the port number to bind to
     222  -b HOSTNAME, --hostname=HOSTNAME
     223                        the host name or IP address to bind to
     224  --protocol=PROTOCOL   http|scgi|ajp
     225  -q, --unquote         unquote PATH_INFO (may be needed when using ajp)
     226  --http10              use HTTP/1.0 protocol version (default)
     227  --http11              use HTTP/1.1 protocol version instead of HTTP/1.0
     228  -e PARENTDIR, --env-parent-dir=PARENTDIR
     229                        parent directory of the project environments
     230  --base-path=BASE_PATH
     231                        the initial portion of the request URL's "path"
     232  -r, --auto-reload     restart automatically when sources are modified
     233  -s, --single-env      only serve a single project without the project list
     234}}}
     235
     236== Tips ==
     237
     238=== Serving static content ===
     239
     240If `tracd` is the only web server used for the project,
     241it can also be used to distribute static content
     242(tarballs, Doxygen documentation, etc.)
     243
     244This static content should be put in the `$TRAC_ENV/htdocs` folder,
     245and is accessed by URLs like `<project_URL>/chrome/site/...`.
     246
     247Example: given a `$TRAC_ENV/htdocs/software-0.1.tar.gz` file,
     248the corresponding relative URL would be `/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz`,
     249which in turn can be written as `htdocs:software-0.1.tar.gz` (TracLinks syntax) or `[/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz]` (relative link syntax).
     250
     251 ''Support for `htdocs:` TracLinks syntax was added in version 0.10''
     252
     253=== Using tracd behind a proxy
     254
     255In some situations when you choose to use tracd behind Apache or another web server.
     256
     257In this situation, you might experience issues with redirects, like being redirected to URLs with the wrong host or protocol. In this case (and only in this case), setting the `[trac] use_base_url_for_redirect` to `true` can help, as this will force Trac to use the value of `[trac] base_url` for doing the redirects.
     258
     259If you're using the AJP protocol to connect with `tracd` (which is possible if you have flup installed), then you might experience problems with double quoting. Consider adding the `--unquote` parameter.
     260
     261See also [trac:TracOnWindowsIisAjp], [trac:TracNginxRecipe].
     262
     263=== Serving a different base path than / ===
     264Tracd supports serving projects with different base urls than /<project>. The parameter name to change this is
     265{{{
     266 $ tracd --base-path=/some/path
     267}}}
     268
     269----
     270See also: TracInstall, TracCgi, TracModPython, TracGuide, [trac:TracOnWindowsStandalone#RunningTracdasservice Running tracd.exe as a Windows service]