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| 6 | </td><td align="center" width="33.333333333333336%"> <a href="https://route4me.com/?utm_source=axios&utm_medium=sponsorlist&utm_campaign=sponsorship" style="padding: 10px; display: inline-block"> <picture> <source width="200px" height="51px" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="/assets/sponsors/route4me_white.png"> <img width="200px" height="51px" src="https://axios-http.com/assets/sponsors/route4me.png" alt="Route4Me"/> </picture> </a> <p align="center" title="Best Route Planning And Route Optimization Software">Best Route Planning And Route Optimization Software</p> <p align="center"> <a href="https://route4me.com/platform/route-optimization-software"><b>Explore</b></a> | <a href="https://route4me.com/platform/marketplace/pricing"><b>Free Trial</b></a> | <a href="https://route4me.com/contact"><b>Contact</b></a> </p>
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| 7 | </td></tr></table>
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| 8 |
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| 9 | <!--<div>marker</div>-->
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| 10 | <br><br>
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| 11 | <div align="center">
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| 12 | <a href="https://axios-http.com"><img src="https://axios-http.com/assets/logo.svg" /></a><br>
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| 13 | </div>
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| 14 |
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| 15 | <p align="center">Promise based HTTP client for the browser and node.js</p>
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| 16 |
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| 17 | <p align="center">
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| 18 | <a href="https://axios-http.com/"><b>Website</b></a> β’
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| 19 | <a href="https://axios-http.com/docs/intro"><b>Documentation</b></a>
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| 20 | </p>
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| 21 |
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| 22 | <div align="center">
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| 23 |
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| 24 | [![npm version](https://img.shields.io/npm/v/axios.svg?style=flat-square)](https://www.npmjs.org/package/axios)
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| 25 | [![CDNJS](https://img.shields.io/cdnjs/v/axios.svg?style=flat-square)](https://cdnjs.com/libraries/axios)
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| 26 | [![Build status](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/axios/axios/ci.yml?branch=v1.x&label=CI&logo=github&style=flat-square)](https://github.com/axios/axios/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
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| 27 | [![Gitpod Ready-to-Code](https://img.shields.io/badge/Gitpod-Ready--to--Code-blue?logo=gitpod&style=flat-square)](https://gitpod.io/#https://github.com/axios/axios)
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| 28 | [![code coverage](https://img.shields.io/coveralls/mzabriskie/axios.svg?style=flat-square)](https://coveralls.io/r/mzabriskie/axios)
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| 29 | [![install size](https://img.shields.io/badge/dynamic/json?url=https://packagephobia.com/v2/api.json?p=axios&query=$.install.pretty&label=install%20size&style=flat-square)](https://packagephobia.now.sh/result?p=axios)
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| 30 | [![npm bundle size](https://img.shields.io/bundlephobia/minzip/axios?style=flat-square)](https://bundlephobia.com/package/axios@latest)
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| 31 | [![npm downloads](https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/axios.svg?style=flat-square)](https://npm-stat.com/charts.html?package=axios)
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| 32 | [![gitter chat](https://img.shields.io/gitter/room/mzabriskie/axios.svg?style=flat-square)](https://gitter.im/mzabriskie/axios)
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| 33 | [![code helpers](https://www.codetriage.com/axios/axios/badges/users.svg)](https://www.codetriage.com/axios/axios)
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| 34 | [![Known Vulnerabilities](https://snyk.io/test/npm/axios/badge.svg)](https://snyk.io/test/npm/axios)
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| 35 |
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| 36 |
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| 37 |
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| 38 |
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| 39 | </div>
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| 40 |
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| 41 | ## Table of Contents
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| 42 |
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| 43 | - [Features](#features)
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| 44 | - [Browser Support](#browser-support)
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| 45 | - [Installing](#installing)
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| 46 | - [Package manager](#package-manager)
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| 47 | - [CDN](#cdn)
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| 48 | - [Example](#example)
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| 49 | - [Axios API](#axios-api)
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| 50 | - [Request method aliases](#request-method-aliases)
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| 51 | - [Concurrency π](#concurrency-deprecated)
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| 52 | - [Creating an instance](#creating-an-instance)
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| 53 | - [Instance methods](#instance-methods)
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| 54 | - [Request Config](#request-config)
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| 55 | - [Response Schema](#response-schema)
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| 56 | - [Config Defaults](#config-defaults)
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| 57 | - [Global axios defaults](#global-axios-defaults)
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| 58 | - [Custom instance defaults](#custom-instance-defaults)
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| 59 | - [Config order of precedence](#config-order-of-precedence)
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| 60 | - [Interceptors](#interceptors)
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| 61 | - [Multiple Interceptors](#multiple-interceptors)
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| 62 | - [Handling Errors](#handling-errors)
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| 63 | - [Cancellation](#cancellation)
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| 64 | - [AbortController](#abortcontroller)
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| 65 | - [CancelToken π](#canceltoken-deprecated)
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| 66 | - [Using application/x-www-form-urlencoded format](#using-applicationx-www-form-urlencoded-format)
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| 67 | - [URLSearchParams](#urlsearchparams)
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| 68 | - [Query string](#query-string-older-browsers)
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| 69 | - [π Automatic serialization](#-automatic-serialization-to-urlsearchparams)
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| 70 | - [Using multipart/form-data format](#using-multipartform-data-format)
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| 71 | - [FormData](#formdata)
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| 72 | - [π Automatic serialization](#-automatic-serialization-to-formdata)
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| 73 | - [Files Posting](#files-posting)
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| 74 | - [HTML Form Posting](#-html-form-posting-browser)
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| 75 | - [π Progress capturing](#-progress-capturing)
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| 76 | - [π Rate limiting](#-progress-capturing)
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| 77 | - [π AxiosHeaders](#-axiosheaders)
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| 78 | - [π₯ Fetch adapter](#-fetch-adapter)
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| 79 | - [Semver](#semver)
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| 80 | - [Promises](#promises)
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| 81 | - [TypeScript](#typescript)
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| 82 | - [Resources](#resources)
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| 83 | - [Credits](#credits)
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| 84 | - [License](#license)
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| 85 |
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| 86 | ## Features
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| 87 |
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| 88 | - Make [XMLHttpRequests](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest) from the browser
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| 89 | - Make [http](https://nodejs.org/api/http.html) requests from node.js
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| 90 | - Supports the [Promise](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise) API
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| 91 | - Intercept request and response
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| 92 | - Transform request and response data
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| 93 | - Cancel requests
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| 94 | - Automatic transforms for [JSON](https://www.json.org/json-en.html) data
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| 95 | - π Automatic data object serialization to `multipart/form-data` and `x-www-form-urlencoded` body encodings
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| 96 | - Client side support for protecting against [XSRF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery)
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| 97 |
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| 98 | ## Browser Support
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| 99 |
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| 100 | ![Chrome](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alrra/browser-logos/main/src/chrome/chrome_48x48.png) | ![Firefox](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alrra/browser-logos/main/src/firefox/firefox_48x48.png) | ![Safari](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alrra/browser-logos/main/src/safari/safari_48x48.png) | ![Opera](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alrra/browser-logos/main/src/opera/opera_48x48.png) | ![Edge](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alrra/browser-logos/main/src/edge/edge_48x48.png) | ![IE](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alrra/browser-logos/master/src/archive/internet-explorer_9-11/internet-explorer_9-11_48x48.png) |
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| 101 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| 102 | Latest β | Latest β | Latest β | Latest β | Latest β | 11 β |
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| 103 |
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| 104 | [![Browser Matrix](https://saucelabs.com/open_sauce/build_matrix/axios.svg)](https://saucelabs.com/u/axios)
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| 105 |
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| 106 | ## Installing
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| 107 |
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| 108 | ### Package manager
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| 109 |
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| 110 | Using npm:
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| 111 |
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| 112 | ```bash
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| 113 | $ npm install axios
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| 114 | ```
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| 115 |
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| 116 | Using bower:
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| 117 |
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| 118 | ```bash
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| 119 | $ bower install axios
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| 120 | ```
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| 121 |
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| 122 | Using yarn:
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| 123 |
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| 124 | ```bash
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| 125 | $ yarn add axios
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| 126 | ```
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| 127 |
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| 128 | Using pnpm:
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| 129 |
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| 130 | ```bash
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| 131 | $ pnpm add axios
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| 132 | ```
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| 133 |
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| 134 | Once the package is installed, you can import the library using `import` or `require` approach:
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| 135 |
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| 136 | ```js
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| 137 | import axios, {isCancel, AxiosError} from 'axios';
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| 138 | ```
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| 139 |
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| 140 | You can also use the default export, since the named export is just a re-export from the Axios factory:
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| 141 |
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| 142 | ```js
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| 143 | import axios from 'axios';
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| 144 |
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| 145 | console.log(axios.isCancel('something'));
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| 146 | ````
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| 147 |
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| 148 | If you use `require` for importing, **only default export is available**:
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| 149 |
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| 150 | ```js
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| 151 | const axios = require('axios');
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| 152 |
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| 153 | console.log(axios.isCancel('something'));
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| 154 | ```
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| 155 |
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| 156 | For cases where something went wrong when trying to import a module into a custom or legacy environment,
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| 157 | you can try importing the module package directly:
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| 158 |
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| 159 | ```js
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| 160 | const axios = require('axios/dist/browser/axios.cjs'); // browser commonJS bundle (ES2017)
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| 161 | // const axios = require('axios/dist/node/axios.cjs'); // node commonJS bundle (ES2017)
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| 162 | ```
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| 163 |
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| 164 | ### CDN
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| 165 |
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| 166 | Using jsDelivr CDN (ES5 UMD browser module):
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| 167 |
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| 168 | ```html
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| 169 | <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios@1.6.7/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
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| 170 | ```
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| 171 |
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| 172 | Using unpkg CDN:
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| 173 |
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| 174 | ```html
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| 175 | <script src="https://unpkg.com/axios@1.6.7/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
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| 176 | ```
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| 177 |
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| 178 | ## Example
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| 179 |
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| 180 | > **Note**: CommonJS usage
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| 181 | > In order to gain the TypeScript typings (for intellisense / autocomplete) while using CommonJS imports with `require()`, use the following approach:
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| 182 |
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| 183 | ```js
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| 184 | import axios from 'axios';
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| 185 | //const axios = require('axios'); // legacy way
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| 186 |
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| 187 | // Make a request for a user with a given ID
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| 188 | axios.get('/user?ID=12345')
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| 189 | .then(function (response) {
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| 190 | // handle success
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| 191 | console.log(response);
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| 192 | })
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| 193 | .catch(function (error) {
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| 194 | // handle error
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| 195 | console.log(error);
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| 196 | })
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| 197 | .finally(function () {
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| 198 | // always executed
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| 199 | });
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| 200 |
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| 201 | // Optionally the request above could also be done as
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| 202 | axios.get('/user', {
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| 203 | params: {
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| 204 | ID: 12345
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| 205 | }
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| 206 | })
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| 207 | .then(function (response) {
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| 208 | console.log(response);
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| 209 | })
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| 210 | .catch(function (error) {
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| 211 | console.log(error);
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| 212 | })
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| 213 | .finally(function () {
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| 214 | // always executed
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| 215 | });
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| 216 |
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| 217 | // Want to use async/await? Add the `async` keyword to your outer function/method.
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| 218 | async function getUser() {
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| 219 | try {
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| 220 | const response = await axios.get('/user?ID=12345');
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| 221 | console.log(response);
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| 222 | } catch (error) {
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| 223 | console.error(error);
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| 224 | }
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| 225 | }
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| 226 | ```
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| 227 |
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| 228 | > **Note**: `async/await` is part of ECMAScript 2017 and is not supported in Internet
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| 229 | > Explorer and older browsers, so use with caution.
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| 230 |
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| 231 | Performing a `POST` request
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| 232 |
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| 233 | ```js
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| 234 | axios.post('/user', {
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| 235 | firstName: 'Fred',
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| 236 | lastName: 'Flintstone'
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| 237 | })
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| 238 | .then(function (response) {
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| 239 | console.log(response);
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| 240 | })
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| 241 | .catch(function (error) {
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| 242 | console.log(error);
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| 243 | });
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| 244 | ```
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| 245 |
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| 246 | Performing multiple concurrent requests
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| 247 |
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| 248 | ```js
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| 249 | function getUserAccount() {
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| 250 | return axios.get('/user/12345');
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| 251 | }
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| 252 |
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| 253 | function getUserPermissions() {
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| 254 | return axios.get('/user/12345/permissions');
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| 255 | }
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| 256 |
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| 257 | Promise.all([getUserAccount(), getUserPermissions()])
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| 258 | .then(function (results) {
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| 259 | const acct = results[0];
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| 260 | const perm = results[1];
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| 261 | });
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| 262 | ```
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| 263 |
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| 264 | ## axios API
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| 265 |
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| 266 | Requests can be made by passing the relevant config to `axios`.
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| 267 |
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| 268 | ##### axios(config)
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| 269 |
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| 270 | ```js
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| 271 | // Send a POST request
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| 272 | axios({
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| 273 | method: 'post',
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| 274 | url: '/user/12345',
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| 275 | data: {
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| 276 | firstName: 'Fred',
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| 277 | lastName: 'Flintstone'
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| 278 | }
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| 279 | });
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| 280 | ```
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| 281 |
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| 282 | ```js
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| 283 | // GET request for remote image in node.js
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| 284 | axios({
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| 285 | method: 'get',
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| 286 | url: 'https://bit.ly/2mTM3nY',
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| 287 | responseType: 'stream'
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| 288 | })
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| 289 | .then(function (response) {
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| 290 | response.data.pipe(fs.createWriteStream('ada_lovelace.jpg'))
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| 291 | });
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| 292 | ```
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| 293 |
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| 294 | ##### axios(url[, config])
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| 295 |
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| 296 | ```js
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| 297 | // Send a GET request (default method)
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| 298 | axios('/user/12345');
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| 299 | ```
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| 300 |
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| 301 | ### Request method aliases
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| 302 |
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| 303 | For convenience, aliases have been provided for all common request methods.
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| 304 |
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| 305 | ##### axios.request(config)
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| 306 | ##### axios.get(url[, config])
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| 307 | ##### axios.delete(url[, config])
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| 308 | ##### axios.head(url[, config])
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| 309 | ##### axios.options(url[, config])
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| 310 | ##### axios.post(url[, data[, config]])
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| 311 | ##### axios.put(url[, data[, config]])
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| 312 | ##### axios.patch(url[, data[, config]])
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| 313 |
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| 314 | ###### NOTE
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| 315 | When using the alias methods `url`, `method`, and `data` properties don't need to be specified in config.
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| 316 |
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| 317 | ### Concurrency (Deprecated)
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| 318 | Please use `Promise.all` to replace the below functions.
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| 319 |
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| 320 | Helper functions for dealing with concurrent requests.
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| 321 |
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| 322 | axios.all(iterable)
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| 323 | axios.spread(callback)
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| 324 |
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| 325 | ### Creating an instance
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| 326 |
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| 327 | You can create a new instance of axios with a custom config.
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| 328 |
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| 329 | ##### axios.create([config])
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| 330 |
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| 331 | ```js
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| 332 | const instance = axios.create({
|
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| 333 | baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',
|
---|
| 334 | timeout: 1000,
|
---|
| 335 | headers: {'X-Custom-Header': 'foobar'}
|
---|
| 336 | });
|
---|
| 337 | ```
|
---|
| 338 |
|
---|
| 339 | ### Instance methods
|
---|
| 340 |
|
---|
| 341 | The available instance methods are listed below. The specified config will be merged with the instance config.
|
---|
| 342 |
|
---|
| 343 | ##### axios#request(config)
|
---|
| 344 | ##### axios#get(url[, config])
|
---|
| 345 | ##### axios#delete(url[, config])
|
---|
| 346 | ##### axios#head(url[, config])
|
---|
| 347 | ##### axios#options(url[, config])
|
---|
| 348 | ##### axios#post(url[, data[, config]])
|
---|
| 349 | ##### axios#put(url[, data[, config]])
|
---|
| 350 | ##### axios#patch(url[, data[, config]])
|
---|
| 351 | ##### axios#getUri([config])
|
---|
| 352 |
|
---|
| 353 | ## Request Config
|
---|
| 354 |
|
---|
| 355 | These are the available config options for making requests. Only the `url` is required. Requests will default to `GET` if `method` is not specified.
|
---|
| 356 |
|
---|
| 357 | ```js
|
---|
| 358 | {
|
---|
| 359 | // `url` is the server URL that will be used for the request
|
---|
| 360 | url: '/user',
|
---|
| 361 |
|
---|
| 362 | // `method` is the request method to be used when making the request
|
---|
| 363 | method: 'get', // default
|
---|
| 364 |
|
---|
| 365 | // `baseURL` will be prepended to `url` unless `url` is absolute.
|
---|
| 366 | // It can be convenient to set `baseURL` for an instance of axios to pass relative URLs
|
---|
| 367 | // to methods of that instance.
|
---|
| 368 | baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',
|
---|
| 369 |
|
---|
| 370 | // `transformRequest` allows changes to the request data before it is sent to the server
|
---|
| 371 | // This is only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'PATCH' and 'DELETE'
|
---|
| 372 | // The last function in the array must return a string or an instance of Buffer, ArrayBuffer,
|
---|
| 373 | // FormData or Stream
|
---|
| 374 | // You may modify the headers object.
|
---|
| 375 | transformRequest: [function (data, headers) {
|
---|
| 376 | // Do whatever you want to transform the data
|
---|
| 377 |
|
---|
| 378 | return data;
|
---|
| 379 | }],
|
---|
| 380 |
|
---|
| 381 | // `transformResponse` allows changes to the response data to be made before
|
---|
| 382 | // it is passed to then/catch
|
---|
| 383 | transformResponse: [function (data) {
|
---|
| 384 | // Do whatever you want to transform the data
|
---|
| 385 |
|
---|
| 386 | return data;
|
---|
| 387 | }],
|
---|
| 388 |
|
---|
| 389 | // `headers` are custom headers to be sent
|
---|
| 390 | headers: {'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'},
|
---|
| 391 |
|
---|
| 392 | // `params` are the URL parameters to be sent with the request
|
---|
| 393 | // Must be a plain object or a URLSearchParams object
|
---|
| 394 | params: {
|
---|
| 395 | ID: 12345
|
---|
| 396 | },
|
---|
| 397 |
|
---|
| 398 | // `paramsSerializer` is an optional config that allows you to customize serializing `params`.
|
---|
| 399 | paramsSerializer: {
|
---|
| 400 |
|
---|
| 401 | //Custom encoder function which sends key/value pairs in an iterative fashion.
|
---|
| 402 | encode?: (param: string): string => { /* Do custom operations here and return transformed string */ },
|
---|
| 403 |
|
---|
| 404 | // Custom serializer function for the entire parameter. Allows user to mimic pre 1.x behaviour.
|
---|
| 405 | serialize?: (params: Record<string, any>, options?: ParamsSerializerOptions ),
|
---|
| 406 |
|
---|
| 407 | //Configuration for formatting array indexes in the params.
|
---|
| 408 | indexes: false // Three available options: (1) indexes: null (leads to no brackets), (2) (default) indexes: false (leads to empty brackets), (3) indexes: true (leads to brackets with indexes).
|
---|
| 409 | },
|
---|
| 410 |
|
---|
| 411 | // `data` is the data to be sent as the request body
|
---|
| 412 | // Only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'DELETE , and 'PATCH'
|
---|
| 413 | // When no `transformRequest` is set, must be of one of the following types:
|
---|
| 414 | // - string, plain object, ArrayBuffer, ArrayBufferView, URLSearchParams
|
---|
| 415 | // - Browser only: FormData, File, Blob
|
---|
| 416 | // - Node only: Stream, Buffer, FormData (form-data package)
|
---|
| 417 | data: {
|
---|
| 418 | firstName: 'Fred'
|
---|
| 419 | },
|
---|
| 420 |
|
---|
| 421 | // syntax alternative to send data into the body
|
---|
| 422 | // method post
|
---|
| 423 | // only the value is sent, not the key
|
---|
| 424 | data: 'Country=Brasil&City=Belo Horizonte',
|
---|
| 425 |
|
---|
| 426 | // `timeout` specifies the number of milliseconds before the request times out.
|
---|
| 427 | // If the request takes longer than `timeout`, the request will be aborted.
|
---|
| 428 | timeout: 1000, // default is `0` (no timeout)
|
---|
| 429 |
|
---|
| 430 | // `withCredentials` indicates whether or not cross-site Access-Control requests
|
---|
| 431 | // should be made using credentials
|
---|
| 432 | withCredentials: false, // default
|
---|
| 433 |
|
---|
| 434 | // `adapter` allows custom handling of requests which makes testing easier.
|
---|
| 435 | // Return a promise and supply a valid response (see lib/adapters/README.md)
|
---|
| 436 | adapter: function (config) {
|
---|
| 437 | /* ... */
|
---|
| 438 | },
|
---|
| 439 | // Also, you can set the name of the built-in adapter, or provide an array with their names
|
---|
| 440 | // to choose the first available in the environment
|
---|
| 441 | adapter: 'xhr' // 'fetch' | 'http' | ['xhr', 'http', 'fetch']
|
---|
| 442 |
|
---|
| 443 | // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used, and supplies credentials.
|
---|
| 444 | // This will set an `Authorization` header, overwriting any existing
|
---|
| 445 | // `Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`.
|
---|
| 446 | // Please note that only HTTP Basic auth is configurable through this parameter.
|
---|
| 447 | // For Bearer tokens and such, use `Authorization` custom headers instead.
|
---|
| 448 | auth: {
|
---|
| 449 | username: 'janedoe',
|
---|
| 450 | password: 's00pers3cret'
|
---|
| 451 | },
|
---|
| 452 |
|
---|
| 453 | // `responseType` indicates the type of data that the server will respond with
|
---|
| 454 | // options are: 'arraybuffer', 'document', 'json', 'text', 'stream'
|
---|
| 455 | // browser only: 'blob'
|
---|
| 456 | responseType: 'json', // default
|
---|
| 457 |
|
---|
| 458 | // `responseEncoding` indicates encoding to use for decoding responses (Node.js only)
|
---|
| 459 | // Note: Ignored for `responseType` of 'stream' or client-side requests
|
---|
| 460 | // options are: 'ascii', 'ASCII', 'ansi', 'ANSI', 'binary', 'BINARY', 'base64', 'BASE64', 'base64url',
|
---|
| 461 | // 'BASE64URL', 'hex', 'HEX', 'latin1', 'LATIN1', 'ucs-2', 'UCS-2', 'ucs2', 'UCS2', 'utf-8', 'UTF-8',
|
---|
| 462 | // 'utf8', 'UTF8', 'utf16le', 'UTF16LE'
|
---|
| 463 | responseEncoding: 'utf8', // default
|
---|
| 464 |
|
---|
| 465 | // `xsrfCookieName` is the name of the cookie to use as a value for xsrf token
|
---|
| 466 | xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN', // default
|
---|
| 467 |
|
---|
| 468 | // `xsrfHeaderName` is the name of the http header that carries the xsrf token value
|
---|
| 469 | xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN', // default
|
---|
| 470 |
|
---|
| 471 | // `undefined` (default) - set XSRF header only for the same origin requests
|
---|
| 472 | withXSRFToken: boolean | undefined | ((config: InternalAxiosRequestConfig) => boolean | undefined),
|
---|
| 473 |
|
---|
| 474 | // `onUploadProgress` allows handling of progress events for uploads
|
---|
| 475 | // browser & node.js
|
---|
| 476 | onUploadProgress: function ({loaded, total, progress, bytes, estimated, rate, upload = true}) {
|
---|
| 477 | // Do whatever you want with the Axios progress event
|
---|
| 478 | },
|
---|
| 479 |
|
---|
| 480 | // `onDownloadProgress` allows handling of progress events for downloads
|
---|
| 481 | // browser & node.js
|
---|
| 482 | onDownloadProgress: function ({loaded, total, progress, bytes, estimated, rate, download = true}) {
|
---|
| 483 | // Do whatever you want with the Axios progress event
|
---|
| 484 | },
|
---|
| 485 |
|
---|
| 486 | // `maxContentLength` defines the max size of the http response content in bytes allowed in node.js
|
---|
| 487 | maxContentLength: 2000,
|
---|
| 488 |
|
---|
| 489 | // `maxBodyLength` (Node only option) defines the max size of the http request content in bytes allowed
|
---|
| 490 | maxBodyLength: 2000,
|
---|
| 491 |
|
---|
| 492 | // `validateStatus` defines whether to resolve or reject the promise for a given
|
---|
| 493 | // HTTP response status code. If `validateStatus` returns `true` (or is set to `null`
|
---|
| 494 | // or `undefined`), the promise will be resolved; otherwise, the promise will be
|
---|
| 495 | // rejected.
|
---|
| 496 | validateStatus: function (status) {
|
---|
| 497 | return status >= 200 && status < 300; // default
|
---|
| 498 | },
|
---|
| 499 |
|
---|
| 500 | // `maxRedirects` defines the maximum number of redirects to follow in node.js.
|
---|
| 501 | // If set to 0, no redirects will be followed.
|
---|
| 502 | maxRedirects: 21, // default
|
---|
| 503 |
|
---|
| 504 | // `beforeRedirect` defines a function that will be called before redirect.
|
---|
| 505 | // Use this to adjust the request options upon redirecting,
|
---|
| 506 | // to inspect the latest response headers,
|
---|
| 507 | // or to cancel the request by throwing an error
|
---|
| 508 | // If maxRedirects is set to 0, `beforeRedirect` is not used.
|
---|
| 509 | beforeRedirect: (options, { headers }) => {
|
---|
| 510 | if (options.hostname === "example.com") {
|
---|
| 511 | options.auth = "user:password";
|
---|
| 512 | }
|
---|
| 513 | },
|
---|
| 514 |
|
---|
| 515 | // `socketPath` defines a UNIX Socket to be used in node.js.
|
---|
| 516 | // e.g. '/var/run/docker.sock' to send requests to the docker daemon.
|
---|
| 517 | // Only either `socketPath` or `proxy` can be specified.
|
---|
| 518 | // If both are specified, `socketPath` is used.
|
---|
| 519 | socketPath: null, // default
|
---|
| 520 |
|
---|
| 521 | // `transport` determines the transport method that will be used to make the request. If defined, it will be used. Otherwise, if `maxRedirects` is 0, the default `http` or `https` library will be used, depending on the protocol specified in `protocol`. Otherwise, the `httpFollow` or `httpsFollow` library will be used, again depending on the protocol, which can handle redirects.
|
---|
| 522 | transport: undefined, // default
|
---|
| 523 |
|
---|
| 524 | // `httpAgent` and `httpsAgent` define a custom agent to be used when performing http
|
---|
| 525 | // and https requests, respectively, in node.js. This allows options to be added like
|
---|
| 526 | // `keepAlive` that are not enabled by default.
|
---|
| 527 | httpAgent: new http.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),
|
---|
| 528 | httpsAgent: new https.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),
|
---|
| 529 |
|
---|
| 530 | // `proxy` defines the hostname, port, and protocol of the proxy server.
|
---|
| 531 | // You can also define your proxy using the conventional `http_proxy` and
|
---|
| 532 | // `https_proxy` environment variables. If you are using environment variables
|
---|
| 533 | // for your proxy configuration, you can also define a `no_proxy` environment
|
---|
| 534 | // variable as a comma-separated list of domains that should not be proxied.
|
---|
| 535 | // Use `false` to disable proxies, ignoring environment variables.
|
---|
| 536 | // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used to connect to the proxy, and
|
---|
| 537 | // supplies credentials.
|
---|
| 538 | // This will set an `Proxy-Authorization` header, overwriting any existing
|
---|
| 539 | // `Proxy-Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`.
|
---|
| 540 | // If the proxy server uses HTTPS, then you must set the protocol to `https`.
|
---|
| 541 | proxy: {
|
---|
| 542 | protocol: 'https',
|
---|
| 543 | host: '127.0.0.1',
|
---|
| 544 | // hostname: '127.0.0.1' // Takes precedence over 'host' if both are defined
|
---|
| 545 | port: 9000,
|
---|
| 546 | auth: {
|
---|
| 547 | username: 'mikeymike',
|
---|
| 548 | password: 'rapunz3l'
|
---|
| 549 | }
|
---|
| 550 | },
|
---|
| 551 |
|
---|
| 552 | // `cancelToken` specifies a cancel token that can be used to cancel the request
|
---|
| 553 | // (see Cancellation section below for details)
|
---|
| 554 | cancelToken: new CancelToken(function (cancel) {
|
---|
| 555 | }),
|
---|
| 556 |
|
---|
| 557 | // an alternative way to cancel Axios requests using AbortController
|
---|
| 558 | signal: new AbortController().signal,
|
---|
| 559 |
|
---|
| 560 | // `decompress` indicates whether or not the response body should be decompressed
|
---|
| 561 | // automatically. If set to `true` will also remove the 'content-encoding' header
|
---|
| 562 | // from the responses objects of all decompressed responses
|
---|
| 563 | // - Node only (XHR cannot turn off decompression)
|
---|
| 564 | decompress: true, // default
|
---|
| 565 |
|
---|
| 566 | // `insecureHTTPParser` boolean.
|
---|
| 567 | // Indicates where to use an insecure HTTP parser that accepts invalid HTTP headers.
|
---|
| 568 | // This may allow interoperability with non-conformant HTTP implementations.
|
---|
| 569 | // Using the insecure parser should be avoided.
|
---|
| 570 | // see options https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v12.x/docs/api/http.html#http_http_request_url_options_callback
|
---|
| 571 | // see also https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/february-2020-security-releases/#strict-http-header-parsing-none
|
---|
| 572 | insecureHTTPParser: undefined, // default
|
---|
| 573 |
|
---|
| 574 | // transitional options for backward compatibility that may be removed in the newer versions
|
---|
| 575 | transitional: {
|
---|
| 576 | // silent JSON parsing mode
|
---|
| 577 | // `true` - ignore JSON parsing errors and set response.data to null if parsing failed (old behaviour)
|
---|
| 578 | // `false` - throw SyntaxError if JSON parsing failed (Note: responseType must be set to 'json')
|
---|
| 579 | silentJSONParsing: true, // default value for the current Axios version
|
---|
| 580 |
|
---|
| 581 | // try to parse the response string as JSON even if `responseType` is not 'json'
|
---|
| 582 | forcedJSONParsing: true,
|
---|
| 583 |
|
---|
| 584 | // throw ETIMEDOUT error instead of generic ECONNABORTED on request timeouts
|
---|
| 585 | clarifyTimeoutError: false,
|
---|
| 586 | },
|
---|
| 587 |
|
---|
| 588 | env: {
|
---|
| 589 | // The FormData class to be used to automatically serialize the payload into a FormData object
|
---|
| 590 | FormData: window?.FormData || global?.FormData
|
---|
| 591 | },
|
---|
| 592 |
|
---|
| 593 | formSerializer: {
|
---|
| 594 | visitor: (value, key, path, helpers) => {}; // custom visitor function to serialize form values
|
---|
| 595 | dots: boolean; // use dots instead of brackets format
|
---|
| 596 | metaTokens: boolean; // keep special endings like {} in parameter key
|
---|
| 597 | indexes: boolean; // array indexes format null - no brackets, false - empty brackets, true - brackets with indexes
|
---|
| 598 | },
|
---|
| 599 |
|
---|
| 600 | // http adapter only (node.js)
|
---|
| 601 | maxRate: [
|
---|
| 602 | 100 * 1024, // 100KB/s upload limit,
|
---|
| 603 | 100 * 1024 // 100KB/s download limit
|
---|
| 604 | ]
|
---|
| 605 | }
|
---|
| 606 | ```
|
---|
| 607 |
|
---|
| 608 | ## Response Schema
|
---|
| 609 |
|
---|
| 610 | The response for a request contains the following information.
|
---|
| 611 |
|
---|
| 612 | ```js
|
---|
| 613 | {
|
---|
| 614 | // `data` is the response that was provided by the server
|
---|
| 615 | data: {},
|
---|
| 616 |
|
---|
| 617 | // `status` is the HTTP status code from the server response
|
---|
| 618 | status: 200,
|
---|
| 619 |
|
---|
| 620 | // `statusText` is the HTTP status message from the server response
|
---|
| 621 | statusText: 'OK',
|
---|
| 622 |
|
---|
| 623 | // `headers` the HTTP headers that the server responded with
|
---|
| 624 | // All header names are lowercase and can be accessed using the bracket notation.
|
---|
| 625 | // Example: `response.headers['content-type']`
|
---|
| 626 | headers: {},
|
---|
| 627 |
|
---|
| 628 | // `config` is the config that was provided to `axios` for the request
|
---|
| 629 | config: {},
|
---|
| 630 |
|
---|
| 631 | // `request` is the request that generated this response
|
---|
| 632 | // It is the last ClientRequest instance in node.js (in redirects)
|
---|
| 633 | // and an XMLHttpRequest instance in the browser
|
---|
| 634 | request: {}
|
---|
| 635 | }
|
---|
| 636 | ```
|
---|
| 637 |
|
---|
| 638 | When using `then`, you will receive the response as follows:
|
---|
| 639 |
|
---|
| 640 | ```js
|
---|
| 641 | axios.get('/user/12345')
|
---|
| 642 | .then(function (response) {
|
---|
| 643 | console.log(response.data);
|
---|
| 644 | console.log(response.status);
|
---|
| 645 | console.log(response.statusText);
|
---|
| 646 | console.log(response.headers);
|
---|
| 647 | console.log(response.config);
|
---|
| 648 | });
|
---|
| 649 | ```
|
---|
| 650 |
|
---|
| 651 | When using `catch`, or passing a [rejection callback](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise/then) as second parameter of `then`, the response will be available through the `error` object as explained in the [Handling Errors](#handling-errors) section.
|
---|
| 652 |
|
---|
| 653 | ## Config Defaults
|
---|
| 654 |
|
---|
| 655 | You can specify config defaults that will be applied to every request.
|
---|
| 656 |
|
---|
| 657 | ### Global axios defaults
|
---|
| 658 |
|
---|
| 659 | ```js
|
---|
| 660 | axios.defaults.baseURL = 'https://api.example.com';
|
---|
| 661 |
|
---|
| 662 | // Important: If axios is used with multiple domains, the AUTH_TOKEN will be sent to all of them.
|
---|
| 663 | // See below for an example using Custom instance defaults instead.
|
---|
| 664 | axios.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;
|
---|
| 665 |
|
---|
| 666 | axios.defaults.headers.post['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
|
---|
| 667 | ```
|
---|
| 668 |
|
---|
| 669 | ### Custom instance defaults
|
---|
| 670 |
|
---|
| 671 | ```js
|
---|
| 672 | // Set config defaults when creating the instance
|
---|
| 673 | const instance = axios.create({
|
---|
| 674 | baseURL: 'https://api.example.com'
|
---|
| 675 | });
|
---|
| 676 |
|
---|
| 677 | // Alter defaults after instance has been created
|
---|
| 678 | instance.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;
|
---|
| 679 | ```
|
---|
| 680 |
|
---|
| 681 | ### Config order of precedence
|
---|
| 682 |
|
---|
| 683 | Config will be merged with an order of precedence. The order is library defaults found in [lib/defaults.js](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/master/lib/defaults/index.js#L28), then `defaults` property of the instance, and finally `config` argument for the request. The latter will take precedence over the former. Here's an example.
|
---|
| 684 |
|
---|
| 685 | ```js
|
---|
| 686 | // Create an instance using the config defaults provided by the library
|
---|
| 687 | // At this point the timeout config value is `0` as is the default for the library
|
---|
| 688 | const instance = axios.create();
|
---|
| 689 |
|
---|
| 690 | // Override timeout default for the library
|
---|
| 691 | // Now all requests using this instance will wait 2.5 seconds before timing out
|
---|
| 692 | instance.defaults.timeout = 2500;
|
---|
| 693 |
|
---|
| 694 | // Override timeout for this request as it's known to take a long time
|
---|
| 695 | instance.get('/longRequest', {
|
---|
| 696 | timeout: 5000
|
---|
| 697 | });
|
---|
| 698 | ```
|
---|
| 699 |
|
---|
| 700 | ## Interceptors
|
---|
| 701 |
|
---|
| 702 | You can intercept requests or responses before they are handled by `then` or `catch`.
|
---|
| 703 |
|
---|
| 704 | ```js
|
---|
| 705 | // Add a request interceptor
|
---|
| 706 | axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
|
---|
| 707 | // Do something before request is sent
|
---|
| 708 | return config;
|
---|
| 709 | }, function (error) {
|
---|
| 710 | // Do something with request error
|
---|
| 711 | return Promise.reject(error);
|
---|
| 712 | });
|
---|
| 713 |
|
---|
| 714 | // Add a response interceptor
|
---|
| 715 | axios.interceptors.response.use(function (response) {
|
---|
| 716 | // Any status code that lie within the range of 2xx cause this function to trigger
|
---|
| 717 | // Do something with response data
|
---|
| 718 | return response;
|
---|
| 719 | }, function (error) {
|
---|
| 720 | // Any status codes that falls outside the range of 2xx cause this function to trigger
|
---|
| 721 | // Do something with response error
|
---|
| 722 | return Promise.reject(error);
|
---|
| 723 | });
|
---|
| 724 | ```
|
---|
| 725 |
|
---|
| 726 | If you need to remove an interceptor later you can.
|
---|
| 727 |
|
---|
| 728 | ```js
|
---|
| 729 | const myInterceptor = axios.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});
|
---|
| 730 | axios.interceptors.request.eject(myInterceptor);
|
---|
| 731 | ```
|
---|
| 732 |
|
---|
| 733 | You can also clear all interceptors for requests or responses.
|
---|
| 734 | ```js
|
---|
| 735 | const instance = axios.create();
|
---|
| 736 | instance.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});
|
---|
| 737 | instance.interceptors.request.clear(); // Removes interceptors from requests
|
---|
| 738 | instance.interceptors.response.use(function () {/*...*/});
|
---|
| 739 | instance.interceptors.response.clear(); // Removes interceptors from responses
|
---|
| 740 | ```
|
---|
| 741 |
|
---|
| 742 | You can add interceptors to a custom instance of axios.
|
---|
| 743 |
|
---|
| 744 | ```js
|
---|
| 745 | const instance = axios.create();
|
---|
| 746 | instance.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});
|
---|
| 747 | ```
|
---|
| 748 |
|
---|
| 749 | When you add request interceptors, they are presumed to be asynchronous by default. This can cause a delay
|
---|
| 750 | in the execution of your axios request when the main thread is blocked (a promise is created under the hood for
|
---|
| 751 | the interceptor and your request gets put on the bottom of the call stack). If your request interceptors are synchronous you can add a flag
|
---|
| 752 | to the options object that will tell axios to run the code synchronously and avoid any delays in request execution.
|
---|
| 753 |
|
---|
| 754 | ```js
|
---|
| 755 | axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
|
---|
| 756 | config.headers.test = 'I am only a header!';
|
---|
| 757 | return config;
|
---|
| 758 | }, null, { synchronous: true });
|
---|
| 759 | ```
|
---|
| 760 |
|
---|
| 761 | If you want to execute a particular interceptor based on a runtime check,
|
---|
| 762 | you can add a `runWhen` function to the options object. The interceptor will not be executed **if and only if** the return
|
---|
| 763 | of `runWhen` is `false`. The function will be called with the config
|
---|
| 764 | object (don't forget that you can bind your own arguments to it as well.) This can be handy when you have an
|
---|
| 765 | asynchronous request interceptor that only needs to run at certain times.
|
---|
| 766 |
|
---|
| 767 | ```js
|
---|
| 768 | function onGetCall(config) {
|
---|
| 769 | return config.method === 'get';
|
---|
| 770 | }
|
---|
| 771 | axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
|
---|
| 772 | config.headers.test = 'special get headers';
|
---|
| 773 | return config;
|
---|
| 774 | }, null, { runWhen: onGetCall });
|
---|
| 775 | ```
|
---|
| 776 |
|
---|
| 777 | ### Multiple Interceptors
|
---|
| 778 |
|
---|
| 779 | Given you add multiple response interceptors
|
---|
| 780 | and when the response was fulfilled
|
---|
| 781 | - then each interceptor is executed
|
---|
| 782 | - then they are executed in the order they were added
|
---|
| 783 | - then only the last interceptor's result is returned
|
---|
| 784 | - then every interceptor receives the result of its predecessor
|
---|
| 785 | - and when the fulfillment-interceptor throws
|
---|
| 786 | - then the following fulfillment-interceptor is not called
|
---|
| 787 | - then the following rejection-interceptor is called
|
---|
| 788 | - once caught, another following fulfill-interceptor is called again (just like in a promise chain).
|
---|
| 789 |
|
---|
| 790 | Read [the interceptor tests](./test/specs/interceptors.spec.js) for seeing all this in code.
|
---|
| 791 |
|
---|
| 792 | ## Error Types
|
---|
| 793 |
|
---|
| 794 | There are many different axios error messages that can appear that can provide basic information about the specifics of the error and where opportunities may lie in debugging.
|
---|
| 795 |
|
---|
| 796 | The general structure of axios errors is as follows:
|
---|
| 797 | | Property | Definition |
|
---|
| 798 | | -------- | ---------- |
|
---|
| 799 | | message | A quick summary of the error message and the status it failed with. |
|
---|
| 800 | | name | This defines where the error originated from. For axios, it will always be an 'AxiosError'. |
|
---|
| 801 | | stack | Provides the stack trace of the error. |
|
---|
| 802 | | config | An axios config object with specific instance configurations defined by the user from when the request was made |
|
---|
| 803 | | code | Represents an axios identified error. The table below lists out specific definitions for internal axios error. |
|
---|
| 804 | | status | HTTP response status code. See [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes) for common HTTP response status code meanings.
|
---|
| 805 |
|
---|
| 806 | Below is a list of potential axios identified error
|
---|
| 807 | | Code | Definition |
|
---|
| 808 | | -------- | ---------- |
|
---|
| 809 | | ERR_BAD_OPTION_VALUE | Invalid or unsupported value provided in axios configuration. |
|
---|
| 810 | | ERR_BAD_OPTION | Invalid option provided in axios configuration. |
|
---|
| 811 | | ECONNABORTED | Request timed out due to exceeding timeout specified in axios configuration. |
|
---|
| 812 | | ETIMEDOUT | Request timed out due to exceeding default axios timelimit. |
|
---|
| 813 | | ERR_NETWORK | Network-related issue.
|
---|
| 814 | | ERR_FR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS | Request is redirected too many times; exceeds max redirects specified in axios configuration.
|
---|
| 815 | | ERR_DEPRECATED | Deprecated feature or method used in axios.
|
---|
| 816 | | ERR_BAD_RESPONSE | Response cannot be parsed properly or is in an unexpected format.
|
---|
| 817 | | ERR_BAD_REQUEST | Requested has unexpected format or missing required parameters. |
|
---|
| 818 | | ERR_CANCELED | Feature or method is canceled explicitly by the user.
|
---|
| 819 | | ERR_NOT_SUPPORT | Feature or method not supported in the current axios environment.
|
---|
| 820 | | ERR_INVALID_URL | Invalid URL provided for axios request.
|
---|
| 821 |
|
---|
| 822 | ## Handling Errors
|
---|
| 823 |
|
---|
| 824 | the default behavior is to reject every response that returns with a status code that falls out of the range of 2xx and treat it as an error.
|
---|
| 825 |
|
---|
| 826 | ```js
|
---|
| 827 | axios.get('/user/12345')
|
---|
| 828 | .catch(function (error) {
|
---|
| 829 | if (error.response) {
|
---|
| 830 | // The request was made and the server responded with a status code
|
---|
| 831 | // that falls out of the range of 2xx
|
---|
| 832 | console.log(error.response.data);
|
---|
| 833 | console.log(error.response.status);
|
---|
| 834 | console.log(error.response.headers);
|
---|
| 835 | } else if (error.request) {
|
---|
| 836 | // The request was made but no response was received
|
---|
| 837 | // `error.request` is an instance of XMLHttpRequest in the browser and an instance of
|
---|
| 838 | // http.ClientRequest in node.js
|
---|
| 839 | console.log(error.request);
|
---|
| 840 | } else {
|
---|
| 841 | // Something happened in setting up the request that triggered an Error
|
---|
| 842 | console.log('Error', error.message);
|
---|
| 843 | }
|
---|
| 844 | console.log(error.config);
|
---|
| 845 | });
|
---|
| 846 | ```
|
---|
| 847 |
|
---|
| 848 | Using the `validateStatus` config option, you can override the default condition (status >= 200 && status < 300) and define HTTP code(s) that should throw an error.
|
---|
| 849 |
|
---|
| 850 | ```js
|
---|
| 851 | axios.get('/user/12345', {
|
---|
| 852 | validateStatus: function (status) {
|
---|
| 853 | return status < 500; // Resolve only if the status code is less than 500
|
---|
| 854 | }
|
---|
| 855 | })
|
---|
| 856 | ```
|
---|
| 857 |
|
---|
| 858 | Using `toJSON` you get an object with more information about the HTTP error.
|
---|
| 859 |
|
---|
| 860 | ```js
|
---|
| 861 | axios.get('/user/12345')
|
---|
| 862 | .catch(function (error) {
|
---|
| 863 | console.log(error.toJSON());
|
---|
| 864 | });
|
---|
| 865 | ```
|
---|
| 866 |
|
---|
| 867 | ## Cancellation
|
---|
| 868 |
|
---|
| 869 | ### AbortController
|
---|
| 870 |
|
---|
| 871 | Starting from `v0.22.0` Axios supports AbortController to cancel requests in fetch API way:
|
---|
| 872 |
|
---|
| 873 | ```js
|
---|
| 874 | const controller = new AbortController();
|
---|
| 875 |
|
---|
| 876 | axios.get('/foo/bar', {
|
---|
| 877 | signal: controller.signal
|
---|
| 878 | }).then(function(response) {
|
---|
| 879 | //...
|
---|
| 880 | });
|
---|
| 881 | // cancel the request
|
---|
| 882 | controller.abort()
|
---|
| 883 | ```
|
---|
| 884 |
|
---|
| 885 | ### CancelToken `πdeprecated`
|
---|
| 886 |
|
---|
| 887 | You can also cancel a request using a *CancelToken*.
|
---|
| 888 |
|
---|
| 889 | > The axios cancel token API is based on the withdrawn [cancellable promises proposal](https://github.com/tc39/proposal-cancelable-promises).
|
---|
| 890 |
|
---|
| 891 | > This API is deprecated since v0.22.0 and shouldn't be used in new projects
|
---|
| 892 |
|
---|
| 893 | You can create a cancel token using the `CancelToken.source` factory as shown below:
|
---|
| 894 |
|
---|
| 895 | ```js
|
---|
| 896 | const CancelToken = axios.CancelToken;
|
---|
| 897 | const source = CancelToken.source();
|
---|
| 898 |
|
---|
| 899 | axios.get('/user/12345', {
|
---|
| 900 | cancelToken: source.token
|
---|
| 901 | }).catch(function (thrown) {
|
---|
| 902 | if (axios.isCancel(thrown)) {
|
---|
| 903 | console.log('Request canceled', thrown.message);
|
---|
| 904 | } else {
|
---|
| 905 | // handle error
|
---|
| 906 | }
|
---|
| 907 | });
|
---|
| 908 |
|
---|
| 909 | axios.post('/user/12345', {
|
---|
| 910 | name: 'new name'
|
---|
| 911 | }, {
|
---|
| 912 | cancelToken: source.token
|
---|
| 913 | })
|
---|
| 914 |
|
---|
| 915 | // cancel the request (the message parameter is optional)
|
---|
| 916 | source.cancel('Operation canceled by the user.');
|
---|
| 917 | ```
|
---|
| 918 |
|
---|
| 919 | You can also create a cancel token by passing an executor function to the `CancelToken` constructor:
|
---|
| 920 |
|
---|
| 921 | ```js
|
---|
| 922 | const CancelToken = axios.CancelToken;
|
---|
| 923 | let cancel;
|
---|
| 924 |
|
---|
| 925 | axios.get('/user/12345', {
|
---|
| 926 | cancelToken: new CancelToken(function executor(c) {
|
---|
| 927 | // An executor function receives a cancel function as a parameter
|
---|
| 928 | cancel = c;
|
---|
| 929 | })
|
---|
| 930 | });
|
---|
| 931 |
|
---|
| 932 | // cancel the request
|
---|
| 933 | cancel();
|
---|
| 934 | ```
|
---|
| 935 |
|
---|
| 936 | > **Note:** you can cancel several requests with the same cancel token/abort controller.
|
---|
| 937 | > If a cancellation token is already cancelled at the moment of starting an Axios request, then the request is cancelled immediately, without any attempts to make a real request.
|
---|
| 938 |
|
---|
| 939 | > During the transition period, you can use both cancellation APIs, even for the same request:
|
---|
| 940 |
|
---|
| 941 | ## Using `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` format
|
---|
| 942 |
|
---|
| 943 | ### URLSearchParams
|
---|
| 944 |
|
---|
| 945 | By default, axios serializes JavaScript objects to `JSON`. To send data in the [`application/x-www-form-urlencoded` format](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Methods/POST) instead, you can use the [`URLSearchParams`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/URLSearchParams) API, which is [supported](http://www.caniuse.com/#feat=urlsearchparams) in the vast majority of browsers,and [ Node](https://nodejs.org/api/url.html#url_class_urlsearchparams) starting with v10 (released in 2018).
|
---|
| 946 |
|
---|
| 947 | ```js
|
---|
| 948 | const params = new URLSearchParams({ foo: 'bar' });
|
---|
| 949 | params.append('extraparam', 'value');
|
---|
| 950 | axios.post('/foo', params);
|
---|
| 951 | ```
|
---|
| 952 |
|
---|
| 953 | ### Query string (Older browsers)
|
---|
| 954 |
|
---|
| 955 | For compatibility with very old browsers, there is a [polyfill](https://github.com/WebReflection/url-search-params) available (make sure to polyfill the global environment).
|
---|
| 956 |
|
---|
| 957 | Alternatively, you can encode data using the [`qs`](https://github.com/ljharb/qs) library:
|
---|
| 958 |
|
---|
| 959 | ```js
|
---|
| 960 | const qs = require('qs');
|
---|
| 961 | axios.post('/foo', qs.stringify({ 'bar': 123 }));
|
---|
| 962 | ```
|
---|
| 963 |
|
---|
| 964 | Or in another way (ES6),
|
---|
| 965 |
|
---|
| 966 | ```js
|
---|
| 967 | import qs from 'qs';
|
---|
| 968 | const data = { 'bar': 123 };
|
---|
| 969 | const options = {
|
---|
| 970 | method: 'POST',
|
---|
| 971 | headers: { 'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' },
|
---|
| 972 | data: qs.stringify(data),
|
---|
| 973 | url,
|
---|
| 974 | };
|
---|
| 975 | axios(options);
|
---|
| 976 | ```
|
---|
| 977 |
|
---|
| 978 | ### Older Node.js versions
|
---|
| 979 |
|
---|
| 980 | For older Node.js engines, you can use the [`querystring`](https://nodejs.org/api/querystring.html) module as follows:
|
---|
| 981 |
|
---|
| 982 | ```js
|
---|
| 983 | const querystring = require('querystring');
|
---|
| 984 | axios.post('https://something.com/', querystring.stringify({ foo: 'bar' }));
|
---|
| 985 | ```
|
---|
| 986 |
|
---|
| 987 | You can also use the [`qs`](https://github.com/ljharb/qs) library.
|
---|
| 988 |
|
---|
| 989 | > **Note**: The `qs` library is preferable if you need to stringify nested objects, as the `querystring` method has [known issues](https://github.com/nodejs/node-v0.x-archive/issues/1665) with that use case.
|
---|
| 990 |
|
---|
| 991 | ### π Automatic serialization to URLSearchParams
|
---|
| 992 |
|
---|
| 993 | Axios will automatically serialize the data object to urlencoded format if the content-type header is set to "application/x-www-form-urlencoded".
|
---|
| 994 |
|
---|
| 995 | ```js
|
---|
| 996 | const data = {
|
---|
| 997 | x: 1,
|
---|
| 998 | arr: [1, 2, 3],
|
---|
| 999 | arr2: [1, [2], 3],
|
---|
| 1000 | users: [{name: 'Peter', surname: 'Griffin'}, {name: 'Thomas', surname: 'Anderson'}],
|
---|
| 1001 | };
|
---|
| 1002 |
|
---|
| 1003 | await axios.postForm('https://postman-echo.com/post', data,
|
---|
| 1004 | {headers: {'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}}
|
---|
| 1005 | );
|
---|
| 1006 | ```
|
---|
| 1007 |
|
---|
| 1008 | The server will handle it as:
|
---|
| 1009 |
|
---|
| 1010 | ```js
|
---|
| 1011 | {
|
---|
| 1012 | x: '1',
|
---|
| 1013 | 'arr[]': [ '1', '2', '3' ],
|
---|
| 1014 | 'arr2[0]': '1',
|
---|
| 1015 | 'arr2[1][0]': '2',
|
---|
| 1016 | 'arr2[2]': '3',
|
---|
| 1017 | 'arr3[]': [ '1', '2', '3' ],
|
---|
| 1018 | 'users[0][name]': 'Peter',
|
---|
| 1019 | 'users[0][surname]': 'griffin',
|
---|
| 1020 | 'users[1][name]': 'Thomas',
|
---|
| 1021 | 'users[1][surname]': 'Anderson'
|
---|
| 1022 | }
|
---|
| 1023 | ````
|
---|
| 1024 |
|
---|
| 1025 | If your backend body-parser (like `body-parser` of `express.js`) supports nested objects decoding, you will get the same object on the server-side automatically
|
---|
| 1026 |
|
---|
| 1027 | ```js
|
---|
| 1028 | var app = express();
|
---|
| 1029 |
|
---|
| 1030 | app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true })); // support encoded bodies
|
---|
| 1031 |
|
---|
| 1032 | app.post('/', function (req, res, next) {
|
---|
| 1033 | // echo body as JSON
|
---|
| 1034 | res.send(JSON.stringify(req.body));
|
---|
| 1035 | });
|
---|
| 1036 |
|
---|
| 1037 | server = app.listen(3000);
|
---|
| 1038 | ```
|
---|
| 1039 |
|
---|
| 1040 | ## Using `multipart/form-data` format
|
---|
| 1041 |
|
---|
| 1042 | ### FormData
|
---|
| 1043 |
|
---|
| 1044 | To send the data as a `multipart/formdata` you need to pass a formData instance as a payload.
|
---|
| 1045 | Setting the `Content-Type` header is not required as Axios guesses it based on the payload type.
|
---|
| 1046 |
|
---|
| 1047 | ```js
|
---|
| 1048 | const formData = new FormData();
|
---|
| 1049 | formData.append('foo', 'bar');
|
---|
| 1050 |
|
---|
| 1051 | axios.post('https://httpbin.org/post', formData);
|
---|
| 1052 | ```
|
---|
| 1053 |
|
---|
| 1054 | In node.js, you can use the [`form-data`](https://github.com/form-data/form-data) library as follows:
|
---|
| 1055 |
|
---|
| 1056 | ```js
|
---|
| 1057 | const FormData = require('form-data');
|
---|
| 1058 |
|
---|
| 1059 | const form = new FormData();
|
---|
| 1060 | form.append('my_field', 'my value');
|
---|
| 1061 | form.append('my_buffer', new Buffer(10));
|
---|
| 1062 | form.append('my_file', fs.createReadStream('/foo/bar.jpg'));
|
---|
| 1063 |
|
---|
| 1064 | axios.post('https://example.com', form)
|
---|
| 1065 | ```
|
---|
| 1066 |
|
---|
| 1067 | ### π Automatic serialization to FormData
|
---|
| 1068 |
|
---|
| 1069 | Starting from `v0.27.0`, Axios supports automatic object serialization to a FormData object if the request `Content-Type`
|
---|
| 1070 | header is set to `multipart/form-data`.
|
---|
| 1071 |
|
---|
| 1072 | The following request will submit the data in a FormData format (Browser & Node.js):
|
---|
| 1073 |
|
---|
| 1074 | ```js
|
---|
| 1075 | import axios from 'axios';
|
---|
| 1076 |
|
---|
| 1077 | axios.post('https://httpbin.org/post', {x: 1}, {
|
---|
| 1078 | headers: {
|
---|
| 1079 | 'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data'
|
---|
| 1080 | }
|
---|
| 1081 | }).then(({data}) => console.log(data));
|
---|
| 1082 | ```
|
---|
| 1083 |
|
---|
| 1084 | In the `node.js` build, the ([`form-data`](https://github.com/form-data/form-data)) polyfill is used by default.
|
---|
| 1085 |
|
---|
| 1086 | You can overload the FormData class by setting the `env.FormData` config variable,
|
---|
| 1087 | but you probably won't need it in most cases:
|
---|
| 1088 |
|
---|
| 1089 | ```js
|
---|
| 1090 | const axios = require('axios');
|
---|
| 1091 | var FormData = require('form-data');
|
---|
| 1092 |
|
---|
| 1093 | axios.post('https://httpbin.org/post', {x: 1, buf: new Buffer(10)}, {
|
---|
| 1094 | headers: {
|
---|
| 1095 | 'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data'
|
---|
| 1096 | }
|
---|
| 1097 | }).then(({data}) => console.log(data));
|
---|
| 1098 | ```
|
---|
| 1099 |
|
---|
| 1100 | Axios FormData serializer supports some special endings to perform the following operations:
|
---|
| 1101 |
|
---|
| 1102 | - `{}` - serialize the value with JSON.stringify
|
---|
| 1103 | - `[]` - unwrap the array-like object as separate fields with the same key
|
---|
| 1104 |
|
---|
| 1105 | > **Note**: unwrap/expand operation will be used by default on arrays and FileList objects
|
---|
| 1106 |
|
---|
| 1107 | FormData serializer supports additional options via `config.formSerializer: object` property to handle rare cases:
|
---|
| 1108 |
|
---|
| 1109 | - `visitor: Function` - user-defined visitor function that will be called recursively to serialize the data object
|
---|
| 1110 | to a `FormData` object by following custom rules.
|
---|
| 1111 |
|
---|
| 1112 | - `dots: boolean = false` - use dot notation instead of brackets to serialize arrays and objects;
|
---|
| 1113 |
|
---|
| 1114 | - `metaTokens: boolean = true` - add the special ending (e.g `user{}: '{"name": "John"}'`) in the FormData key.
|
---|
| 1115 | The back-end body-parser could potentially use this meta-information to automatically parse the value as JSON.
|
---|
| 1116 |
|
---|
| 1117 | - `indexes: null|false|true = false` - controls how indexes will be added to unwrapped keys of `flat` array-like objects
|
---|
| 1118 |
|
---|
| 1119 | - `null` - don't add brackets (`arr: 1`, `arr: 2`, `arr: 3`)
|
---|
| 1120 | - `false`(default) - add empty brackets (`arr[]: 1`, `arr[]: 2`, `arr[]: 3`)
|
---|
| 1121 | - `true` - add brackets with indexes (`arr[0]: 1`, `arr[1]: 2`, `arr[2]: 3`)
|
---|
| 1122 |
|
---|
| 1123 | Let's say we have an object like this one:
|
---|
| 1124 |
|
---|
| 1125 | ```js
|
---|
| 1126 | const obj = {
|
---|
| 1127 | x: 1,
|
---|
| 1128 | arr: [1, 2, 3],
|
---|
| 1129 | arr2: [1, [2], 3],
|
---|
| 1130 | users: [{name: 'Peter', surname: 'Griffin'}, {name: 'Thomas', surname: 'Anderson'}],
|
---|
| 1131 | 'obj2{}': [{x:1}]
|
---|
| 1132 | };
|
---|
| 1133 | ```
|
---|
| 1134 |
|
---|
| 1135 | The following steps will be executed by the Axios serializer internally:
|
---|
| 1136 |
|
---|
| 1137 | ```js
|
---|
| 1138 | const formData = new FormData();
|
---|
| 1139 | formData.append('x', '1');
|
---|
| 1140 | formData.append('arr[]', '1');
|
---|
| 1141 | formData.append('arr[]', '2');
|
---|
| 1142 | formData.append('arr[]', '3');
|
---|
| 1143 | formData.append('arr2[0]', '1');
|
---|
| 1144 | formData.append('arr2[1][0]', '2');
|
---|
| 1145 | formData.append('arr2[2]', '3');
|
---|
| 1146 | formData.append('users[0][name]', 'Peter');
|
---|
| 1147 | formData.append('users[0][surname]', 'Griffin');
|
---|
| 1148 | formData.append('users[1][name]', 'Thomas');
|
---|
| 1149 | formData.append('users[1][surname]', 'Anderson');
|
---|
| 1150 | formData.append('obj2{}', '[{"x":1}]');
|
---|
| 1151 | ```
|
---|
| 1152 |
|
---|
| 1153 | Axios supports the following shortcut methods: `postForm`, `putForm`, `patchForm`
|
---|
| 1154 | which are just the corresponding http methods with the `Content-Type` header preset to `multipart/form-data`.
|
---|
| 1155 |
|
---|
| 1156 | ## Files Posting
|
---|
| 1157 |
|
---|
| 1158 | You can easily submit a single file:
|
---|
| 1159 |
|
---|
| 1160 | ```js
|
---|
| 1161 | await axios.postForm('https://httpbin.org/post', {
|
---|
| 1162 | 'myVar' : 'foo',
|
---|
| 1163 | 'file': document.querySelector('#fileInput').files[0]
|
---|
| 1164 | });
|
---|
| 1165 | ```
|
---|
| 1166 |
|
---|
| 1167 | or multiple files as `multipart/form-data`:
|
---|
| 1168 |
|
---|
| 1169 | ```js
|
---|
| 1170 | await axios.postForm('https://httpbin.org/post', {
|
---|
| 1171 | 'files[]': document.querySelector('#fileInput').files
|
---|
| 1172 | });
|
---|
| 1173 | ```
|
---|
| 1174 |
|
---|
| 1175 | `FileList` object can be passed directly:
|
---|
| 1176 |
|
---|
| 1177 | ```js
|
---|
| 1178 | await axios.postForm('https://httpbin.org/post', document.querySelector('#fileInput').files)
|
---|
| 1179 | ```
|
---|
| 1180 |
|
---|
| 1181 | All files will be sent with the same field names: `files[]`.
|
---|
| 1182 |
|
---|
| 1183 | ## π HTML Form Posting (browser)
|
---|
| 1184 |
|
---|
| 1185 | Pass HTML Form element as a payload to submit it as `multipart/form-data` content.
|
---|
| 1186 |
|
---|
| 1187 | ```js
|
---|
| 1188 | await axios.postForm('https://httpbin.org/post', document.querySelector('#htmlForm'));
|
---|
| 1189 | ```
|
---|
| 1190 |
|
---|
| 1191 | `FormData` and `HTMLForm` objects can also be posted as `JSON` by explicitly setting the `Content-Type` header to `application/json`:
|
---|
| 1192 |
|
---|
| 1193 | ```js
|
---|
| 1194 | await axios.post('https://httpbin.org/post', document.querySelector('#htmlForm'), {
|
---|
| 1195 | headers: {
|
---|
| 1196 | 'Content-Type': 'application/json'
|
---|
| 1197 | }
|
---|
| 1198 | })
|
---|
| 1199 | ```
|
---|
| 1200 |
|
---|
| 1201 | For example, the Form
|
---|
| 1202 |
|
---|
| 1203 | ```html
|
---|
| 1204 | <form id="form">
|
---|
| 1205 | <input type="text" name="foo" value="1">
|
---|
| 1206 | <input type="text" name="deep.prop" value="2">
|
---|
| 1207 | <input type="text" name="deep prop spaced" value="3">
|
---|
| 1208 | <input type="text" name="baz" value="4">
|
---|
| 1209 | <input type="text" name="baz" value="5">
|
---|
| 1210 |
|
---|
| 1211 | <select name="user.age">
|
---|
| 1212 | <option value="value1">Value 1</option>
|
---|
| 1213 | <option value="value2" selected>Value 2</option>
|
---|
| 1214 | <option value="value3">Value 3</option>
|
---|
| 1215 | </select>
|
---|
| 1216 |
|
---|
| 1217 | <input type="submit" value="Save">
|
---|
| 1218 | </form>
|
---|
| 1219 | ```
|
---|
| 1220 |
|
---|
| 1221 | will be submitted as the following JSON object:
|
---|
| 1222 |
|
---|
| 1223 | ```js
|
---|
| 1224 | {
|
---|
| 1225 | "foo": "1",
|
---|
| 1226 | "deep": {
|
---|
| 1227 | "prop": {
|
---|
| 1228 | "spaced": "3"
|
---|
| 1229 | }
|
---|
| 1230 | },
|
---|
| 1231 | "baz": [
|
---|
| 1232 | "4",
|
---|
| 1233 | "5"
|
---|
| 1234 | ],
|
---|
| 1235 | "user": {
|
---|
| 1236 | "age": "value2"
|
---|
| 1237 | }
|
---|
| 1238 | }
|
---|
| 1239 | ````
|
---|
| 1240 |
|
---|
| 1241 | Sending `Blobs`/`Files` as JSON (`base64`) is not currently supported.
|
---|
| 1242 |
|
---|
| 1243 | ## π Progress capturing
|
---|
| 1244 |
|
---|
| 1245 | Axios supports both browser and node environments to capture request upload/download progress.
|
---|
| 1246 | The frequency of progress events is forced to be limited to `3` times per second.
|
---|
| 1247 |
|
---|
| 1248 | ```js
|
---|
| 1249 | await axios.post(url, data, {
|
---|
| 1250 | onUploadProgress: function (axiosProgressEvent) {
|
---|
| 1251 | /*{
|
---|
| 1252 | loaded: number;
|
---|
| 1253 | total?: number;
|
---|
| 1254 | progress?: number; // in range [0..1]
|
---|
| 1255 | bytes: number; // how many bytes have been transferred since the last trigger (delta)
|
---|
| 1256 | estimated?: number; // estimated time in seconds
|
---|
| 1257 | rate?: number; // upload speed in bytes
|
---|
| 1258 | upload: true; // upload sign
|
---|
| 1259 | }*/
|
---|
| 1260 | },
|
---|
| 1261 |
|
---|
| 1262 | onDownloadProgress: function (axiosProgressEvent) {
|
---|
| 1263 | /*{
|
---|
| 1264 | loaded: number;
|
---|
| 1265 | total?: number;
|
---|
| 1266 | progress?: number;
|
---|
| 1267 | bytes: number;
|
---|
| 1268 | estimated?: number;
|
---|
| 1269 | rate?: number; // download speed in bytes
|
---|
| 1270 | download: true; // download sign
|
---|
| 1271 | }*/
|
---|
| 1272 | }
|
---|
| 1273 | });
|
---|
| 1274 | ```
|
---|
| 1275 |
|
---|
| 1276 | You can also track stream upload/download progress in node.js:
|
---|
| 1277 |
|
---|
| 1278 | ```js
|
---|
| 1279 | const {data} = await axios.post(SERVER_URL, readableStream, {
|
---|
| 1280 | onUploadProgress: ({progress}) => {
|
---|
| 1281 | console.log((progress * 100).toFixed(2));
|
---|
| 1282 | },
|
---|
| 1283 |
|
---|
| 1284 | headers: {
|
---|
| 1285 | 'Content-Length': contentLength
|
---|
| 1286 | },
|
---|
| 1287 |
|
---|
| 1288 | maxRedirects: 0 // avoid buffering the entire stream
|
---|
| 1289 | });
|
---|
| 1290 | ````
|
---|
| 1291 |
|
---|
| 1292 | > **Note:**
|
---|
| 1293 | > Capturing FormData upload progress is not currently supported in node.js environments.
|
---|
| 1294 |
|
---|
| 1295 | > **β οΈ Warning**
|
---|
| 1296 | > It is recommended to disable redirects by setting maxRedirects: 0 to upload the stream in the **node.js** environment,
|
---|
| 1297 | > as follow-redirects package will buffer the entire stream in RAM without following the "backpressure" algorithm.
|
---|
| 1298 |
|
---|
| 1299 |
|
---|
| 1300 | ## π Rate limiting
|
---|
| 1301 |
|
---|
| 1302 | Download and upload rate limits can only be set for the http adapter (node.js):
|
---|
| 1303 |
|
---|
| 1304 | ```js
|
---|
| 1305 | const {data} = await axios.post(LOCAL_SERVER_URL, myBuffer, {
|
---|
| 1306 | onUploadProgress: ({progress, rate}) => {
|
---|
| 1307 | console.log(`Upload [${(progress*100).toFixed(2)}%]: ${(rate / 1024).toFixed(2)}KB/s`)
|
---|
| 1308 | },
|
---|
| 1309 |
|
---|
| 1310 | maxRate: [100 * 1024], // 100KB/s limit
|
---|
| 1311 | });
|
---|
| 1312 | ```
|
---|
| 1313 |
|
---|
| 1314 | ## π AxiosHeaders
|
---|
| 1315 |
|
---|
| 1316 | Axios has its own `AxiosHeaders` class to manipulate headers using a Map-like API that guarantees caseless work.
|
---|
| 1317 | Although HTTP is case-insensitive in headers, Axios will retain the case of the original header for stylistic reasons
|
---|
| 1318 | and for a workaround when servers mistakenly consider the header's case.
|
---|
| 1319 | The old approach of directly manipulating headers object is still available, but deprecated and not recommended for future usage.
|
---|
| 1320 |
|
---|
| 1321 | ### Working with headers
|
---|
| 1322 |
|
---|
| 1323 | An AxiosHeaders object instance can contain different types of internal values. that control setting and merging logic.
|
---|
| 1324 | The final headers object with string values is obtained by Axios by calling the `toJSON` method.
|
---|
| 1325 |
|
---|
| 1326 | > Note: By JSON here we mean an object consisting only of string values intended to be sent over the network.
|
---|
| 1327 |
|
---|
| 1328 | The header value can be one of the following types:
|
---|
| 1329 | - `string` - normal string value that will be sent to the server
|
---|
| 1330 | - `null` - skip header when rendering to JSON
|
---|
| 1331 | - `false` - skip header when rendering to JSON, additionally indicates that `set` method must be called with `rewrite` option set to `true`
|
---|
| 1332 | to overwrite this value (Axios uses this internally to allow users to opt out of installing certain headers like `User-Agent` or `Content-Type`)
|
---|
| 1333 | - `undefined` - value is not set
|
---|
| 1334 |
|
---|
| 1335 | > Note: The header value is considered set if it is not equal to undefined.
|
---|
| 1336 |
|
---|
| 1337 | The headers object is always initialized inside interceptors and transformers:
|
---|
| 1338 |
|
---|
| 1339 | ```ts
|
---|
| 1340 | axios.interceptors.request.use((request: InternalAxiosRequestConfig) => {
|
---|
| 1341 | request.headers.set('My-header', 'value');
|
---|
| 1342 |
|
---|
| 1343 | request.headers.set({
|
---|
| 1344 | "My-set-header1": "my-set-value1",
|
---|
| 1345 | "My-set-header2": "my-set-value2"
|
---|
| 1346 | });
|
---|
| 1347 |
|
---|
| 1348 | request.headers.set('User-Agent', false); // disable subsequent setting the header by Axios
|
---|
| 1349 |
|
---|
| 1350 | request.headers.setContentType('text/plain');
|
---|
| 1351 |
|
---|
| 1352 | request.headers['My-set-header2'] = 'newValue' // direct access is deprecated
|
---|
| 1353 |
|
---|
| 1354 | return request;
|
---|
| 1355 | }
|
---|
| 1356 | );
|
---|
| 1357 | ````
|
---|
| 1358 |
|
---|
| 1359 | You can iterate over an `AxiosHeaders` instance using a `for...of` statement:
|
---|
| 1360 |
|
---|
| 1361 | ````js
|
---|
| 1362 | const headers = new AxiosHeaders({
|
---|
| 1363 | foo: '1',
|
---|
| 1364 | bar: '2',
|
---|
| 1365 | baz: '3'
|
---|
| 1366 | });
|
---|
| 1367 |
|
---|
| 1368 | for(const [header, value] of headers) {
|
---|
| 1369 | console.log(header, value);
|
---|
| 1370 | }
|
---|
| 1371 |
|
---|
| 1372 | // foo 1
|
---|
| 1373 | // bar 2
|
---|
| 1374 | // baz 3
|
---|
| 1375 | ````
|
---|
| 1376 |
|
---|
| 1377 | ### new AxiosHeaders(headers?)
|
---|
| 1378 |
|
---|
| 1379 | Constructs a new `AxiosHeaders` instance.
|
---|
| 1380 |
|
---|
| 1381 | ```
|
---|
| 1382 | constructor(headers?: RawAxiosHeaders | AxiosHeaders | string);
|
---|
| 1383 | ```
|
---|
| 1384 |
|
---|
| 1385 | If the headers object is a string, it will be parsed as RAW HTTP headers.
|
---|
| 1386 |
|
---|
| 1387 | ````js
|
---|
| 1388 | const headers = new AxiosHeaders(`
|
---|
| 1389 | Host: www.bing.com
|
---|
| 1390 | User-Agent: curl/7.54.0
|
---|
| 1391 | Accept: */*`);
|
---|
| 1392 |
|
---|
| 1393 | console.log(headers);
|
---|
| 1394 |
|
---|
| 1395 | // Object [AxiosHeaders] {
|
---|
| 1396 | // host: 'www.bing.com',
|
---|
| 1397 | // 'user-agent': 'curl/7.54.0',
|
---|
| 1398 | // accept: '*/*'
|
---|
| 1399 | // }
|
---|
| 1400 | ````
|
---|
| 1401 |
|
---|
| 1402 | ### AxiosHeaders#set
|
---|
| 1403 |
|
---|
| 1404 | ```ts
|
---|
| 1405 | set(headerName, value: Axios, rewrite?: boolean);
|
---|
| 1406 | set(headerName, value, rewrite?: (this: AxiosHeaders, value: string, name: string, headers: RawAxiosHeaders) => boolean);
|
---|
| 1407 | set(headers?: RawAxiosHeaders | AxiosHeaders | string, rewrite?: boolean);
|
---|
| 1408 | ```
|
---|
| 1409 |
|
---|
| 1410 | The `rewrite` argument controls the overwriting behavior:
|
---|
| 1411 | - `false` - do not overwrite if header's value is set (is not `undefined`)
|
---|
| 1412 | - `undefined` (default) - overwrite the header unless its value is set to `false`
|
---|
| 1413 | - `true` - rewrite anyway
|
---|
| 1414 |
|
---|
| 1415 | The option can also accept a user-defined function that determines whether the value should be overwritten or not.
|
---|
| 1416 |
|
---|
| 1417 | Returns `this`.
|
---|
| 1418 |
|
---|
| 1419 | ### AxiosHeaders#get(header)
|
---|
| 1420 |
|
---|
| 1421 | ```
|
---|
| 1422 | get(headerName: string, matcher?: true | AxiosHeaderMatcher): AxiosHeaderValue;
|
---|
| 1423 | get(headerName: string, parser: RegExp): RegExpExecArray | null;
|
---|
| 1424 | ````
|
---|
| 1425 |
|
---|
| 1426 | Returns the internal value of the header. It can take an extra argument to parse the header's value with `RegExp.exec`,
|
---|
| 1427 | matcher function or internal key-value parser.
|
---|
| 1428 |
|
---|
| 1429 | ```ts
|
---|
| 1430 | const headers = new AxiosHeaders({
|
---|
| 1431 | 'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data; boundary=Asrf456BGe4h'
|
---|
| 1432 | });
|
---|
| 1433 |
|
---|
| 1434 | console.log(headers.get('Content-Type'));
|
---|
| 1435 | // multipart/form-data; boundary=Asrf456BGe4h
|
---|
| 1436 |
|
---|
| 1437 | console.log(headers.get('Content-Type', true)); // parse key-value pairs from a string separated with \s,;= delimiters:
|
---|
| 1438 | // [Object: null prototype] {
|
---|
| 1439 | // 'multipart/form-data': undefined,
|
---|
| 1440 | // boundary: 'Asrf456BGe4h'
|
---|
| 1441 | // }
|
---|
| 1442 |
|
---|
| 1443 |
|
---|
| 1444 | console.log(headers.get('Content-Type', (value, name, headers) => {
|
---|
| 1445 | return String(value).replace(/a/g, 'ZZZ');
|
---|
| 1446 | }));
|
---|
| 1447 | // multipZZZrt/form-dZZZtZZZ; boundZZZry=Asrf456BGe4h
|
---|
| 1448 |
|
---|
| 1449 | console.log(headers.get('Content-Type', /boundary=(\w+)/)?.[0]);
|
---|
| 1450 | // boundary=Asrf456BGe4h
|
---|
| 1451 |
|
---|
| 1452 | ```
|
---|
| 1453 |
|
---|
| 1454 | Returns the value of the header.
|
---|
| 1455 |
|
---|
| 1456 | ### AxiosHeaders#has(header, matcher?)
|
---|
| 1457 |
|
---|
| 1458 | ```
|
---|
| 1459 | has(header: string, matcher?: AxiosHeaderMatcher): boolean;
|
---|
| 1460 | ```
|
---|
| 1461 |
|
---|
| 1462 | Returns `true` if the header is set (has no `undefined` value).
|
---|
| 1463 |
|
---|
| 1464 | ### AxiosHeaders#delete(header, matcher?)
|
---|
| 1465 |
|
---|
| 1466 | ```
|
---|
| 1467 | delete(header: string | string[], matcher?: AxiosHeaderMatcher): boolean;
|
---|
| 1468 | ```
|
---|
| 1469 |
|
---|
| 1470 | Returns `true` if at least one header has been removed.
|
---|
| 1471 |
|
---|
| 1472 | ### AxiosHeaders#clear(matcher?)
|
---|
| 1473 |
|
---|
| 1474 | ```
|
---|
| 1475 | clear(matcher?: AxiosHeaderMatcher): boolean;
|
---|
| 1476 | ```
|
---|
| 1477 |
|
---|
| 1478 | Removes all headers.
|
---|
| 1479 | Unlike the `delete` method matcher, this optional matcher will be used to match against the header name rather than the value.
|
---|
| 1480 |
|
---|
| 1481 | ```ts
|
---|
| 1482 | const headers = new AxiosHeaders({
|
---|
| 1483 | 'foo': '1',
|
---|
| 1484 | 'x-foo': '2',
|
---|
| 1485 | 'x-bar': '3',
|
---|
| 1486 | });
|
---|
| 1487 |
|
---|
| 1488 | console.log(headers.clear(/^x-/)); // true
|
---|
| 1489 |
|
---|
| 1490 | console.log(headers.toJSON()); // [Object: null prototype] { foo: '1' }
|
---|
| 1491 | ```
|
---|
| 1492 |
|
---|
| 1493 | Returns `true` if at least one header has been cleared.
|
---|
| 1494 |
|
---|
| 1495 | ### AxiosHeaders#normalize(format);
|
---|
| 1496 |
|
---|
| 1497 | If the headers object was changed directly, it can have duplicates with the same name but in different cases.
|
---|
| 1498 | This method normalizes the headers object by combining duplicate keys into one.
|
---|
| 1499 | Axios uses this method internally after calling each interceptor.
|
---|
| 1500 | Set `format` to true for converting headers name to lowercase and capitalize the initial letters (`cOntEnt-type` => `Content-Type`)
|
---|
| 1501 |
|
---|
| 1502 | ```js
|
---|
| 1503 | const headers = new AxiosHeaders({
|
---|
| 1504 | 'foo': '1',
|
---|
| 1505 | });
|
---|
| 1506 |
|
---|
| 1507 | headers.Foo = '2';
|
---|
| 1508 | headers.FOO = '3';
|
---|
| 1509 |
|
---|
| 1510 | console.log(headers.toJSON()); // [Object: null prototype] { foo: '1', Foo: '2', FOO: '3' }
|
---|
| 1511 | console.log(headers.normalize().toJSON()); // [Object: null prototype] { foo: '3' }
|
---|
| 1512 | console.log(headers.normalize(true).toJSON()); // [Object: null prototype] { Foo: '3' }
|
---|
| 1513 | ```
|
---|
| 1514 |
|
---|
| 1515 | Returns `this`.
|
---|
| 1516 |
|
---|
| 1517 | ### AxiosHeaders#concat(...targets)
|
---|
| 1518 |
|
---|
| 1519 | ```
|
---|
| 1520 | concat(...targets: Array<AxiosHeaders | RawAxiosHeaders | string | undefined | null>): AxiosHeaders;
|
---|
| 1521 | ```
|
---|
| 1522 |
|
---|
| 1523 | Merges the instance with targets into a new `AxiosHeaders` instance. If the target is a string, it will be parsed as RAW HTTP headers.
|
---|
| 1524 |
|
---|
| 1525 | Returns a new `AxiosHeaders` instance.
|
---|
| 1526 |
|
---|
| 1527 | ### AxiosHeaders#toJSON(asStrings?)
|
---|
| 1528 |
|
---|
| 1529 | ````
|
---|
| 1530 | toJSON(asStrings?: boolean): RawAxiosHeaders;
|
---|
| 1531 | ````
|
---|
| 1532 |
|
---|
| 1533 | Resolve all internal headers values into a new null prototype object.
|
---|
| 1534 | Set `asStrings` to true to resolve arrays as a string containing all elements, separated by commas.
|
---|
| 1535 |
|
---|
| 1536 | ### AxiosHeaders.from(thing?)
|
---|
| 1537 |
|
---|
| 1538 | ````
|
---|
| 1539 | from(thing?: AxiosHeaders | RawAxiosHeaders | string): AxiosHeaders;
|
---|
| 1540 | ````
|
---|
| 1541 |
|
---|
| 1542 | Returns a new `AxiosHeaders` instance created from the raw headers passed in,
|
---|
| 1543 | or simply returns the given headers object if it's an `AxiosHeaders` instance.
|
---|
| 1544 |
|
---|
| 1545 | ### AxiosHeaders.concat(...targets)
|
---|
| 1546 |
|
---|
| 1547 | ````
|
---|
| 1548 | concat(...targets: Array<AxiosHeaders | RawAxiosHeaders | string | undefined | null>): AxiosHeaders;
|
---|
| 1549 | ````
|
---|
| 1550 |
|
---|
| 1551 | Returns a new `AxiosHeaders` instance created by merging the target objects.
|
---|
| 1552 |
|
---|
| 1553 | ### Shortcuts
|
---|
| 1554 |
|
---|
| 1555 | The following shortcuts are available:
|
---|
| 1556 |
|
---|
| 1557 | - `setContentType`, `getContentType`, `hasContentType`
|
---|
| 1558 |
|
---|
| 1559 | - `setContentLength`, `getContentLength`, `hasContentLength`
|
---|
| 1560 |
|
---|
| 1561 | - `setAccept`, `getAccept`, `hasAccept`
|
---|
| 1562 |
|
---|
| 1563 | - `setUserAgent`, `getUserAgent`, `hasUserAgent`
|
---|
| 1564 |
|
---|
| 1565 | - `setContentEncoding`, `getContentEncoding`, `hasContentEncoding`
|
---|
| 1566 |
|
---|
| 1567 | ## π₯ Fetch adapter
|
---|
| 1568 |
|
---|
| 1569 | Fetch adapter was introduced in `v1.7.0`. By default, it will be used if `xhr` and `http` adapters are not available in the build,
|
---|
| 1570 | or not supported by the environment.
|
---|
| 1571 | To use it by default, it must be selected explicitly:
|
---|
| 1572 |
|
---|
| 1573 | ```js
|
---|
| 1574 | const {data} = axios.get(url, {
|
---|
| 1575 | adapter: 'fetch' // by default ['xhr', 'http', 'fetch']
|
---|
| 1576 | })
|
---|
| 1577 | ```
|
---|
| 1578 |
|
---|
| 1579 | You can create a separate instance for this:
|
---|
| 1580 |
|
---|
| 1581 | ```js
|
---|
| 1582 | const fetchAxios = axios.create({
|
---|
| 1583 | adapter: 'fetch'
|
---|
| 1584 | });
|
---|
| 1585 |
|
---|
| 1586 | const {data} = fetchAxios.get(url);
|
---|
| 1587 | ```
|
---|
| 1588 |
|
---|
| 1589 | The adapter supports the same functionality as `xhr` adapter, **including upload and download progress capturing**.
|
---|
| 1590 | Also, it supports additional response types such as `stream` and `formdata` (if supported by the environment).
|
---|
| 1591 |
|
---|
| 1592 | ## Semver
|
---|
| 1593 |
|
---|
| 1594 | Until axios reaches a `1.0` release, breaking changes will be released with a new minor version. For example `0.5.1`, and `0.5.4` will have the same API, but `0.6.0` will have breaking changes.
|
---|
| 1595 |
|
---|
| 1596 | ## Promises
|
---|
| 1597 |
|
---|
| 1598 | axios depends on a native ES6 Promise implementation to be [supported](https://caniuse.com/promises).
|
---|
| 1599 | If your environment doesn't support ES6 Promises, you can [polyfill](https://github.com/jakearchibald/es6-promise).
|
---|
| 1600 |
|
---|
| 1601 | ## TypeScript
|
---|
| 1602 |
|
---|
| 1603 | axios includes [TypeScript](https://typescriptlang.org) definitions and a type guard for axios errors.
|
---|
| 1604 |
|
---|
| 1605 | ```typescript
|
---|
| 1606 | let user: User = null;
|
---|
| 1607 | try {
|
---|
| 1608 | const { data } = await axios.get('/user?ID=12345');
|
---|
| 1609 | user = data.userDetails;
|
---|
| 1610 | } catch (error) {
|
---|
| 1611 | if (axios.isAxiosError(error)) {
|
---|
| 1612 | handleAxiosError(error);
|
---|
| 1613 | } else {
|
---|
| 1614 | handleUnexpectedError(error);
|
---|
| 1615 | }
|
---|
| 1616 | }
|
---|
| 1617 | ```
|
---|
| 1618 |
|
---|
| 1619 | Because axios dual publishes with an ESM default export and a CJS `module.exports`, there are some caveats.
|
---|
| 1620 | The recommended setting is to use `"moduleResolution": "node16"` (this is implied by `"module": "node16"`). Note that this requires TypeScript 4.7 or greater.
|
---|
| 1621 | If use ESM, your settings should be fine.
|
---|
| 1622 | If you compile TypeScript to CJS and you canβt use `"moduleResolution": "node 16"`, you have to enable `esModuleInterop`.
|
---|
| 1623 | If you use TypeScript to type check CJS JavaScript code, your only option is to use `"moduleResolution": "node16"`.
|
---|
| 1624 |
|
---|
| 1625 | ## Online one-click setup
|
---|
| 1626 |
|
---|
| 1627 | You can use Gitpod, an online IDE(which is free for Open Source) for contributing or running the examples online.
|
---|
| 1628 |
|
---|
| 1629 | [![Open in Gitpod](https://gitpod.io/button/open-in-gitpod.svg)](https://gitpod.io/#https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/main/examples/server.js)
|
---|
| 1630 |
|
---|
| 1631 |
|
---|
| 1632 | ## Resources
|
---|
| 1633 |
|
---|
| 1634 | * [Changelog](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/v1.x/CHANGELOG.md)
|
---|
| 1635 | * [Ecosystem](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/v1.x/ECOSYSTEM.md)
|
---|
| 1636 | * [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/v1.x/CONTRIBUTING.md)
|
---|
| 1637 | * [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/v1.x/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)
|
---|
| 1638 |
|
---|
| 1639 | ## Credits
|
---|
| 1640 |
|
---|
| 1641 | axios is heavily inspired by the [$http service](https://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng/service/$http) provided in [AngularJS](https://angularjs.org/). Ultimately axios is an effort to provide a standalone `$http`-like service for use outside of AngularJS.
|
---|
| 1642 |
|
---|
| 1643 | ## License
|
---|
| 1644 |
|
---|
| 1645 | [MIT](LICENSE)
|
---|