1 | let crypto = require('crypto')
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2 |
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3 | let { urlAlphabet } = require('./url-alphabet/index.cjs')
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4 |
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5 | // It is best to make fewer, larger requests to the crypto module to
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6 | // avoid system call overhead. So, random numbers are generated in a
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7 | // pool. The pool is a Buffer that is larger than the initial random
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8 | // request size by this multiplier. The pool is enlarged if subsequent
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9 | // requests exceed the maximum buffer size.
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10 | const POOL_SIZE_MULTIPLIER = 128
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11 | let pool, poolOffset
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12 |
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13 | let fillPool = bytes => {
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14 | if (!pool || pool.length < bytes) {
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15 | pool = Buffer.allocUnsafe(bytes * POOL_SIZE_MULTIPLIER)
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16 | crypto.randomFillSync(pool)
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17 | poolOffset = 0
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18 | } else if (poolOffset + bytes > pool.length) {
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19 | crypto.randomFillSync(pool)
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20 | poolOffset = 0
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21 | }
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22 | poolOffset += bytes
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23 | }
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24 |
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25 | let random = bytes => {
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26 | // `|=` convert `bytes` to number to prevent `valueOf` abusing and pool pollution
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27 | fillPool((bytes |= 0))
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28 | return pool.subarray(poolOffset - bytes, poolOffset)
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29 | }
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30 |
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31 | let customRandom = (alphabet, defaultSize, getRandom) => {
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32 | // First, a bitmask is necessary to generate the ID. The bitmask makes bytes
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33 | // values closer to the alphabet size. The bitmask calculates the closest
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34 | // `2^31 - 1` number, which exceeds the alphabet size.
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35 | // For example, the bitmask for the alphabet size 30 is 31 (00011111).
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36 | let mask = (2 << (31 - Math.clz32((alphabet.length - 1) | 1))) - 1
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37 | // Though, the bitmask solution is not perfect since the bytes exceeding
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38 | // the alphabet size are refused. Therefore, to reliably generate the ID,
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39 | // the random bytes redundancy has to be satisfied.
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40 |
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41 | // Note: every hardware random generator call is performance expensive,
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42 | // because the system call for entropy collection takes a lot of time.
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43 | // So, to avoid additional system calls, extra bytes are requested in advance.
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44 |
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45 | // Next, a step determines how many random bytes to generate.
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46 | // The number of random bytes gets decided upon the ID size, mask,
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47 | // alphabet size, and magic number 1.6 (using 1.6 peaks at performance
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48 | // according to benchmarks).
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49 | let step = Math.ceil((1.6 * mask * defaultSize) / alphabet.length)
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50 |
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51 | return (size = defaultSize) => {
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52 | let id = ''
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53 | while (true) {
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54 | let bytes = getRandom(step)
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55 | // A compact alternative for `for (let i = 0; i < step; i++)`.
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56 | let i = step
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57 | while (i--) {
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58 | // Adding `|| ''` refuses a random byte that exceeds the alphabet size.
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59 | id += alphabet[bytes[i] & mask] || ''
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60 | if (id.length === size) return id
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61 | }
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62 | }
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63 | }
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64 | }
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65 |
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66 | let customAlphabet = (alphabet, size = 21) =>
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67 | customRandom(alphabet, size, random)
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68 |
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69 | let nanoid = (size = 21) => {
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70 | // `|=` convert `size` to number to prevent `valueOf` abusing and pool pollution
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71 | fillPool((size |= 0))
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72 | let id = ''
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73 | // We are reading directly from the random pool to avoid creating new array
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74 | for (let i = poolOffset - size; i < poolOffset; i++) {
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75 | // It is incorrect to use bytes exceeding the alphabet size.
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76 | // The following mask reduces the random byte in the 0-255 value
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77 | // range to the 0-63 value range. Therefore, adding hacks, such
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78 | // as empty string fallback or magic numbers, is unneccessary because
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79 | // the bitmask trims bytes down to the alphabet size.
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80 | id += urlAlphabet[pool[i] & 63]
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81 | }
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82 | return id
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83 | }
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84 |
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85 | module.exports = { nanoid, customAlphabet, customRandom, urlAlphabet, random }
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